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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2008
Commission file number 001-2979

WELLS FARGO & COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware
(State of incorporation)
  No. 41-0449260
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
420 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California 94163
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 1-866-249-3302
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
     
Yes þ
  No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
         
Large accelerated filer
  þ   Accelerated filer o
 
       
Non-accelerated filer
  o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)   Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
     
Yes o
  No þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
                 
    Shares Outstanding        
    July 31, 2008        
Common stock, $1-2/3 par value
    3,308,961,432          

 


 

FORM 10-Q
CROSS-REFERENCE INDEX
                 
 
PART I          
Item 1.  
Financial Statements
  Page
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Item 2.  
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Financial Review)
       
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Item 3.       27  
                 
Item 4.       38  
                 
PART II          
Item 1A.       35  
                 
Item 2.       82  
                 
Item 4.       82  
                 
Item 6.       84  
                 
Signature     84  
                 
Exhibit Index     85  
 
 EXHIBIT 10.(C)
 EXHIBIT 12
 EXHIBIT 31.(A)
 EXHIBIT 31.(B)
 EXHIBIT 32.(A)
 EXHIBIT 32.(B)

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW
SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA
                                                                 
 
                            % Change              
    Quarter ended     June 30, 2008 from     Six months ended        
    June 30 ,   Mar. 31 ,   June 30 ,   Mar. 31 ,   June 30 ,   June 30 ,   June 30 ,   %  
($ in millions, except per share amounts)   2008     2008     2007     2008     2007     2008     2007     Change  
 

For the Period

                                                               
Net income
  $ 1,753     $ 1,999     $ 2,279       (12 )%     (23 )%   $ 3,752     $ 4,523       (17 )%
Diluted earnings per common share
    0.53       0.60       0.67       (12 )     (21 )     1.13       1.33       (15 )

Profitability ratios (annualized):

                                                               
Net income to average total assets (ROA)
    1.19 %     1.40 %     1.82 %     (15 )     (35 )     1.29 %     1.85 %     (30 )
Net income to average stockholders’ equity (ROE)
    14.58       16.86       19.57       (14 )     (25 )     15.71       19.63       (20 )

Efficiency ratio (1)

    51.1       51.7       57.9       (1 )     (12 )     51.4       58.2       (12 )

Total revenue

  $ 11,459     $ 10,563     $ 9,891       8       16     $ 22,022     $ 19,332       14  

Dividends declared per common share

    0.31       0.31       0.28       --       11       0.62       0.56       11  

Average common shares outstanding

    3,309.8       3,302.4       3,351.2       --       (1 )     3,306.1       3,363.5       (2 )
Diluted average common shares outstanding
    3,321.4       3,317.9       3,389.3       --       (2 )     3,319.6       3,402.5       (2 )

Average loans

  $ 391,545     $ 383,919     $ 331,970       2       18     $ 387,732     $ 326,729       19  
Average assets
    594,749       574,994       502,686       3       18       584,871       492,453       19  
Average core deposits (2)
    318,377       317,278       300,535       --       6       317,827       295,588       8  
Average retail core deposits (3)
    230,365       228,448       220,094       1       5       229,315       218,528       5  

Net interest margin

    4.92 %     4.69 %     4.89 %     5       1       4.81 %     4.92 %     (2 )

At Period End

                                                               
Securities available for sale
  $ 91,331     $ 81,787     $ 72,179       12       27     $ 91,331     $ 72,179       27  
Loans
    399,237       386,333       342,800       3       16       399,237       342,800       16  
Allowance for loan losses
    7,375       5,803       3,820       27       93       7,375       3,820       93  
Goodwill
    13,191       13,148       11,983       --       10       13,191       11,983       10  
Assets
    609,074       595,221       539,865       2       13       609,074       539,865       13  
Core deposits (2)
    310,410       327,360       300,602       (5 )     3       310,410       300,602       3  
Stockholders’ equity
    47,964       48,159       47,239       --       2       47,964       47,239       2  
Tier 1 capital (4)
    42,471       39,211       38,325       8       11       42,471       38,325       11  
Total capital (4)
    57,909       54,522       52,455       6       10       57,909       52,455       10  

Capital ratios:

                                                               
Stockholders’ equity to assets
    7.87 %     8.09 %     8.75 %     (3 )     (10 )     7.87 %     8.75 %     (10 )
Risk-based capital (4)
                                                               
Tier 1 capital
    8.24       7.92       8.55       4       (4 )     8.24       8.55       (4 )
Total capital
    11.23       11.01       11.71       2       (4 )     11.23       11.71       (4 )
Tier 1 leverage (4)
    7.35       7.04       7.89       4       (7 )     7.35       7.89       (7 )

Book value per common share

  $ 14.48     $ 14.58     $ 14.05       (1 )     3     $ 14.48     $ 14.05       3  

Team members (active, full-time equivalent)

    160,500       160,900       158,700       --       1       160,500       158,700       1  

Common Stock Price

                                                               
High
  $ 32.40     $ 34.56     $ 36.49       (6 )     (11 )   $ 34.56     $ 36.64       (6 )
Low
    23.46       24.38       33.93       (4 )     (31 )     23.46       33.01       (29 )
Period end
    23.75       29.10       35.17       (18 )     (32 )     23.75       35.17       (32 )
 
(1)   The efficiency ratio is noninterest expense divided by total revenue (net interest income and noninterest income).
(2)   Core deposits are noninterest-bearing deposits, interest-bearing checking, savings certificates, market rate and other savings, and certain foreign deposits (Eurodollar sweep balances).
(3)   Retail core deposits are total core deposits excluding Wholesale Banking core deposits and retail mortgage escrow deposits. To reflect the realignment of our corporate trust business from Community Banking into Wholesale Banking in first quarter 2008, balances for prior periods have been revised.
(4)   See Note 19 (Regulatory and Agency Capital Requirements) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information.

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This Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, including the Financial Review and the Financial Statements and related Notes, has forward-looking statements, which may include forecasts of our financial results and condition, expectations for our operations and business, and our assumptions for those forecasts and expectations. Do not unduly rely on forward-looking statements. Actual results might differ significantly from our forecasts and expectations due to several factors. Some of these factors are described in the Financial Review and in the Financial Statements and related Notes. For a discussion of other factors, refer to the “Risk Factors” section in this Report and to the “Risk Factors” and “Regulation and Supervision” sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 (2007 Form 10-K), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
OVERVIEW
Wells Fargo & Company is a $609 billion diversified financial services company providing banking, insurance, investments, mortgage banking and consumer finance through banking stores, the internet and other distribution channels to consumers, businesses and institutions in all 50 states and in other countries. We ranked fifth in assets and fourth in market value of our common stock among U.S. bank holding companies at June 30, 2008. When we refer to “the Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” in this Report, we mean Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries (consolidated). When we refer to the “Parent,” we mean Wells Fargo & Company.
We continued to profitably build our franchise in second quarter 2008, at a time when many in our industry have been primarily focused on fixing rather than growing their companies. Despite a $3.0 billion provision for loan losses in the quarter, including a $1.5 billion credit reserve build, we earned a $1.8 billion quarterly profit, generated return on equity of 14.6%, increased Tier 1 capital in the quarter by 32 basis points to 8.24%, and increased the combination of capital and loan loss allowance to 9.7% of average earning assets from 9.1% linked quarter. Our continued profitable growth is reflected in the growth of our pre-tax pre-provision income, up $1.4 billion, or 34%, from a year ago, driven by a 20% increase in earning assets, a 16% increase in revenue, a 10% increase in noninterest income, record cross-sell of 5.64 products in our retail business and 6.3 products in our commercial business, a 3 basis point increase in the net interest margin to 4.92% (up 23 basis points linked quarter), and an increase in operating leverage, with expenses up only 2% versus 16% revenue growth.
In broad terms, the credit crisis itself has created incremental earnings opportunities for Wells Fargo, largely offsetting our incremental charge-offs from the crisis. Year-to-date total net interest income, for example, was up $1.8 billion in the first half of 2008 from a year ago, roughly equal to the increase in net charge-offs for the same period, even after adjusting charge-offs for the impact of our new charge-off policy for the National Home Equity Group (Home Equity).
Our vision is to satisfy all our customers’ financial needs, help them succeed financially, be recognized as the premier financial services company in our markets and be one of America’s great companies. Our primary strategy to achieve this vision is to increase the number of products our customers buy from us and to give them all of the financial products that fulfill their needs. Our cross-sell strategy and diversified business model facilitate growth in strong and weak economic cycles, as we can grow by expanding the number of products our current

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customers have with us. Our average retail banking household now has a record 5.64 products with us. Our goal is eight products per customer, which is currently half of our estimate of potential demand. Our core products grew this quarter from a year ago, with average loans up 18%, average core deposits up 6% and assets under management or administration up 2%.
We believe it is important to maintain a well-controlled environment as we continue to grow our businesses. We manage our credit risk by setting what we believe are sound credit policies for underwriting new business, while monitoring and reviewing the performance of our loan portfolio. We manage the interest rate and market risks inherent in our asset and liability balances within prudent ranges, while ensuring adequate liquidity and funding. We have maintained strong capital levels to provide for future growth. Our stockholder value has increased over time due to customer satisfaction, strong financial results, investment in our businesses, consistent execution of our business model and the management of our business risks.
Our financial results included the following:
Net income for second quarter 2008 was $1.75 billion ($0.53 per share), compared with $2.28 billion ($0.67 per share) for second quarter 2007. Return on assets (ROA) was 1.19% and return on equity (ROE) was 14.58% for second quarter 2008, compared with 1.82% and 19.57%, respectively, for second quarter 2007.
Net income for the first half of 2008 was $3.75 billion, or $1.13 per share, down 17% from $4.52 billion, or $1.33 per share, for the first half of 2007. ROA was 1.29% and ROE was 15.71% for the first half of 2008, and 1.85% and 19.63%, respectively, for the first half of 2007.
Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis was $6.33 billion for second quarter 2008, up 21% from $5.23 billion for second quarter 2007, driven by 20% earning asset growth combined with a 3 basis point increase in the net interest margin to 4.92%.
Noninterest income increased 10% to $5.18 billion for second quarter 2008 from $4.70 billion for second quarter 2007. Fee income was broad-based across our businesses. Deposit service charges increased 8% for second quarter 2008 from a year ago on solid deposit growth. Despite the 15% decline in the S&P500® year over year, trust and investment fees declined only 9% and were flat linked quarter. Card fees were up 14% for second quarter 2008 from a year ago due to continued growth in new accounts and greater card activity. Insurance revenue was up 27% for second quarter 2008 from a year ago due to customer growth, higher crop insurance revenues and the fourth quarter 2007 acquisition of ABD Insurance.
Mortgage banking noninterest income was $1,197 million in second quarter 2008, up $508 million from second quarter 2007. Second quarter 2008 results included a $65 million net reduction in the value of the mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) from market-related valuation changes, net of hedge results (reflected in net servicing income). Net gains on mortgage loan originations/sales activities were $876 million in second quarter 2008, up $241 million from a year ago, primarily driven by wider margins on new originations.
Noninterest income also included $129 million of other-than-temporary impairment charges, which were largely recorded in net losses on debt securities. Equity investment gains were only

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$46 million in second quarter, down $196 million from last year and down $267 million linked quarter, which included our first quarter 2008 gain from the Visa initial public offering. Unrealized net losses on securities available for sale were $2.1 billion at June 30, 2008, compared with unrealized net gains of $680 million at December 31, 2007. The change in value was largely due to the increase in market yields and wider spreads on mortgage-backed securities in the first half of 2008.
Revenue, the sum of net interest income and noninterest income, grew 16% to $11.46 billion in second quarter 2008 from $9.89 billion in second quarter 2007. Because of the opportunities to gain new business and new customers, gain more business from existing customers and add earning assets with better risk-adjusted spreads, our revenue growth accelerated through second quarter 2008. Businesses that achieved double-digit, year-over-year revenue growth were broad-based and included asset-based lending, credit cards, mortgage banking, Small Business Administration lending, insurance, international, specialized financial services and wealth management.
Noninterest expense was $5.86 billion for second quarter 2008, up $133 million, or 2%, from $5.73 billion for the same period of 2007. We continued to build distribution — opening 19 banking stores and adding sales and service team members — while reducing most non-labor expenses, including year-over-year cost reductions in outside professional services, travel and entertainment, contract services, advertising and promotion, and postage. The efficiency ratio improved to 51.1% for second quarter 2008 from 57.9% a year ago.
Net charge-offs for second quarter 2008 were $1.5 billion (1.55% of average total loans outstanding, annualized), compared with $1.5 billion (1.60%) for first quarter 2008 and $720 million (0.87%) for second quarter 2007. During the first half of 2008, net charge-offs were $3.04 billion (1.58%), compared with $1.44 billion (0.89%) for the first half of 2007. Total provision expense in second quarter 2008 was $3.0 billion, including a $1.5 billion credit reserve build, primarily for expected higher losses in the Home Equity and unsecured retail loan portfolios. As previously announced, the Home Equity charge-off policy changed in second quarter 2008 from 120 days to no more than 180 days, or earlier if warranted, to provide more time to work with customers to solve their credit problems and keep them in their homes. The policy change had the effect of deferring an estimated $265 million of charge-offs from the second quarter, but did not reduce provision expense in second quarter 2008 since this loss content was included in the $1.5 billion credit reserve build.
Net charge-offs in the real estate 1-4 family first mortgage portfolio increased $77 million in second quarter 2008 from second quarter 2007, including an increase of $36 million from Wells Fargo Financial’s residential real estate portfolio. The increase in mortgage loss levels was expected given the continued declines in home prices. Credit card net charge-offs increased $168 million from a year ago, as expected, due to the effect of the current economic environment on consumers. While the loss levels in second quarter 2008 were higher than the historically low levels of recent years, many of our loan products continued to earn acceptable risk-adjusted returns. Net charge-offs in the auto portfolio in second quarter 2008 were up $30 million from a year ago and down $47 million linked quarter. The process improvements and underwriting changes made in prior quarters continued to produce the desired results; however, increased economic stress will place additional pressure on any portfolio closely tied to the consumer.

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Net credit losses in the real estate 1-4 family junior lien category were up $243 million for second quarter 2008 compared with second quarter 2007 and down $104 million linked quarter. Although losses declined linked quarter, in part due to the Home Equity policy change, the portfolio continued to deteriorate as property values search for a bottom. Given the sustained decline in home prices, we continued to have more accounts move into the higher combined loan-to-value segments, which directly impacted loss levels. Approximately 38% of our $73 billion core Home Equity portfolio and 71% of our $11 billion liquidating Home Equity portfolio had combined loan-to-value ratios above 90%.
Commercial and commercial real estate charge-offs increased $235 million in second quarter 2008 from second quarter 2007. Commercial and commercial real estate charge-offs include Business Direct (primarily unsecured lines of credit to small businesses), which increased $106 million in second quarter from a year ago and $30 million linked quarter.
The provision for credit losses was $3.0 billion in second quarter 2008, $2.0 billion in first quarter 2008 and $720 million in second quarter 2007. The provision for second quarter 2008 included an additional $1.5 billion in credit reserve build, primarily for losses in the Home Equity, Wells Fargo Financial real estate, and unsecured consumer portfolios. We have provided $3.4 billion in excess of net charge-offs since the beginning of fourth quarter 2007, including $2.0 billion in the first half of 2008. The allowance for credit losses, which consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded credit commitments, was $7.52 billion (1.88% of total loans) at June 30, 2008, compared with $5.52 billion (1.44%) at December 31, 2007, and $4.01 billion (1.17%) at June 30, 2007.
Total nonaccrual loans were $4.07 billion (1.02% of total loans) at June 30, 2008, up from $2.68 billion (0.70%) at December 31, 2007, and $1.73 billion (0.51%) at June 30, 2007, reflecting economic conditions, primarily in portfolios affected by residential real estate conditions and the associated impact on the consumer. The increase in nonaccrual loans from a year ago was caused in part by our active loss mitigation strategies, including proactively working with customers on restructuring their loan terms to align with their current financial capacity, at Wells Fargo Financial, Home Equity and Home Mortgage. The $2.34 billion increase from a year ago included $582 million in Wells Fargo Financial real estate, $472 million in Home Equity and $327 million in Home Mortgage. The change in the Home Equity charge-off policy also contributed to the increase in nonaccrual loans, as fewer loans were charged off in the quarter.
Total nonperforming assets (NPAs) were $5.23 billion (1.31% of total loans) at June 30, 2008, compared with $3.87 billion (1.01%) at December 31, 2007, and $2.72 billion (0.79%) at June 30, 2007. As in the prior quarter, we continued to hold more foreclosed properties than we have historically, given a combination of higher foreclosure rates and less liquidity in the distressed loan market. Foreclosed assets were $1,130 million at June 30, 2008, $1,184 million at December 31, 2007, and $977 million at June 30, 2007. Foreclosed assets, a component of total NPAs, included $535 million, $535 million and $423 million of foreclosed real estate securing Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) loans at June 30, 2008, December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2007, respectively, consistent with regulatory reporting requirements. The foreclosed real estate securing GNMA loans of $535 million represented 13 basis points of the ratio of NPAs to loans at June 30, 2008. Both principal and interest for GNMA loans secured by the foreclosed real estate are collectible because the GNMA loans are

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insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs.
The Company and each of its subsidiary banks continued to remain well-capitalized. The ratio of stockholders’ equity to total assets was 7.87% at June 30, 2008, 8.28% at December 31, 2007, and 8.75% at June 30, 2007. Our total risk-based capital (RBC) ratio at June 30, 2008, was 11.23% and our Tier 1 RBC ratio was 8.24%, exceeding the minimum regulatory guidelines of 8% and 4%, respectively, for bank holding companies. Our total RBC ratio was 10.68% and 11.71% at December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2007, respectively, and our Tier 1 RBC ratio was 7.59% and 8.55% for the same periods. Our Tier 1 leverage ratio was 7.35%, 6.83% and 7.89% at June 30, 2008, December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2007, respectively, exceeding the minimum regulatory guideline of 3% for bank holding companies.
Current Accounting Developments
On January 1, 2008, we adopted the following new accounting pronouncements:
  FSP FIN 39-1 — Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Staff Position on Interpretation No. 39, Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39;
 
  EITF 06-4 — Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 06-4, Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements;
 
  EITF 06-10 — EITF Issue No. 06-10, Accounting for Collateral Assignment Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements; and
 
  SAB 109 — Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 109, Written Loan Commitments Recorded at Fair Value Through Earnings.
On April 30, 2007, the FASB issued FSP FIN 39-1, which amends Interpretation No. 39 to permit a reporting entity to offset the right to reclaim cash collateral (a receivable), or the obligation to return cash collateral (a payable), against derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangement. The provisions of this FSP are effective for the year beginning on January 1, 2008, with early adoption permitted. We adopted FSP FIN 39-1 on January 1, 2008, and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
On September 20, 2006, the FASB ratified the consensus reached by the EITF at its September 7, 2006, meeting with respect to EITF 06-4. On March 28, 2007, the FASB ratified the consensus reached by the EITF at its March 15, 2007, meeting with respect to EITF 06-10. These pronouncements require that for endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements and collateral split-dollar life insurance arrangements where the employee is provided benefits in postretirement periods, the employer should recognize the cost of providing that insurance over the employee’s service period by accruing a liability for the benefit obligation. Additionally, for collateral assignment split-dollar life insurance arrangements, an employer is required to recognize and measure an asset based upon the nature and substance of the agreement. EITF 06-4 and EITF 06-10 are effective for the year beginning on January 1, 2008, with early adoption permitted. We adopted EITF 06-4 and EITF 06-10 on January 1, 2008, and reduced beginning retained earnings for 2008 by $20 million (after tax), primarily related to split-dollar life insurance arrangements from the acquisition of Greater Bay Bancorp.

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On November 5, 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued SAB 109, which provides the staff’s views on the accounting for written loan commitments recorded at fair value under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). To make the staff’s views consistent with current authoritative accounting guidance, SAB 109 revises and rescinds portions of SAB 105, Application of Accounting Principles to Loan Commitments. Specifically, SAB 109 states the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing of a loan should be included in the measurement of all written loan commitments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings. The provisions of SAB 109, which we adopted on January 1, 2008, are applicable to written loan commitments recorded at fair value that are entered into beginning on or after January 1, 2008. The implementation of SAB 109 did not have a material impact on our results or the valuation of our loan commitments.
On December 4, 2007, the FASB issued FAS 141R, Business Combinations. This statement requires an acquirer to recognize the assets acquired (including loan receivables), the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date, to be measured at their fair values as of that date, with limited exceptions. The acquirer is not permitted to recognize a separate valuation allowance as of the acquisition date for loans and other assets acquired in a business combination. The revised statement requires acquisition-related costs to be expensed separately from the acquisition. It also requires restructuring costs that the acquirer expected, but was not obligated to incur, to be expensed separately from the business combination. FAS 141R should be applied prospectively to business combinations beginning with the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is not permitted.
On December 4, 2007, the FASB issued FAS 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51. FAS 160 specifies that noncontrolling interests in a subsidiary are to be treated as a separate component of equity and, as such, increases and decreases in the parent’s ownership interest that leave control intact are accounted for as capital transactions. It changes the way the consolidated income statement is presented by requiring that an entity’s consolidated net income include the amounts attributable to both the parent and the noncontrolling interest. FAS 160 requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. This statement should be applied prospectively to all noncontrolling interests, including any that arose before the effective date. The statement is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is not permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that FAS 160 may have on our consolidated financial statements.
On February 20, 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position FAS No. 140-3, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities. FSP FAS 140-3 requires an initial transfer of a financial asset and a repurchase financing that was entered into contemporaneously or in contemplation of the initial transfer to be evaluated as a linked transaction under FAS 140 unless certain criteria are met, including that the transferred asset must be readily obtainable in the marketplace. The provisions of this FSP are effective beginning on January 1, 2009, and shall be applied prospectively to initial transfers and repurchase financings for which the initial transfer is executed on or after this date. Early application is not permitted.

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On March 19, 2008, the FASB issued FAS 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133. FAS 161 changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities. It requires enhanced disclosures about how and why an entity uses derivatives, how derivatives and related hedged items are accounted for, and how derivatives and hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, performance, and cash flows. The provisions of FAS 161 are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early adoption encouraged. Because FAS 161 amends only the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedged items, the adoption of FAS 161 will not affect our consolidated financial statements.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our significant accounting policies are fundamental to understanding our results of operations and financial condition, because some accounting policies require that we use estimates and assumptions that may affect the value of our assets or liabilities and financial results. Five of these policies are critical because they require management to make difficult, subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. These policies govern the allowance for credit losses, the valuation of residential mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) and financial instruments, pension accounting and income taxes. Management has reviewed and approved these critical accounting policies and has discussed these policies with the Audit and Examination Committee of the Board of Directors. These policies are described in “Financial Review — Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2007 Form 10-K.
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
We use fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial instruments and determine fair value disclosures. (See our 2007 Form 10-K for the complete critical accounting policy related to fair value of financial instruments.)
Approximately 24% of total assets ($144.7 billion) at June 30, 2008, and 22% of total assets ($123.8 billion) at December 31, 2007, consisted of financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. At June 30, 2008, approximately 77% of these financial instruments used valuation methodologies involving market-based or market-derived information, collectively Level 1 and 2 measurements, to measure fair value. The remaining 23% of these financial instruments (6% of total assets) were measured using model-based techniques, or Level 3 measurements. Our financial assets valued using Level 3 measurements predominantly consisted of MSRs, investments in asset-backed securities collateralized by auto leases and certain mortgages held for sale. In second quarter 2008, transfers to Level 3 from Level 2 consisted of $3.3 billion of residential mortgages held for sale and $1.7 billion of debt securities available for sale for which significant inputs to the valuation became unobservable, largely due to reduced levels of market liquidity. Approximately 1% of total liabilities ($7.0 billion) at June 30, 2008, and 0.5% ($2.6 billion) at December 31, 2007, consisted of financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Liabilities valued using Level 3 measurements were $443 million at June 30, 2008.
See Note 13 (Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional detail for second quarter 2008. See Note 8 (Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities) to Financial Statements in our 2007 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of our MSRs and the related sensitivity analysis.

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EARNINGS PERFORMANCE
NET INTEREST INCOME
Net interest income is the interest earned on debt securities, loans (including yield-related loan fees) and other interest-earning assets minus the interest paid for deposits and long-term and short-term debt. The net interest margin is the average yield on earning assets minus the average interest rate paid for deposits and our other sources of funding. Net interest income and the net interest margin are presented on a taxable-equivalent basis to consistently reflect income from taxable and tax-exempt loans and securities based on a 35% federal statutory tax rate.
Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis increased 21% to $6.33 billion in second quarter 2008 from $5.23 billion in second quarter 2007. The increase was driven by 20% earning asset growth combined with an increase in the net interest margin to 4.92%, up 3 basis points from a year ago and up 23 basis points linked quarter. The improvement in the net interest margin reflects our focus on higher risk-adjusted yields on new loans and securities, a decline in funding costs, our disciplined deposit pricing, and the high percentage of checking and transaction accounts in our core deposit mix. For the first half of 2008, growth in net interest income has largely offset the impact of the credit crisis on charge-offs.
Average earning assets increased $86.6 billion (20%) to $515.8 billion in second quarter 2008 from $429.2 billion in second quarter 2007. Average loans increased to $391.5 billion in second quarter 2008 from $332.0 billion a year ago. Average mortgages held for sale decreased to $28.0 billion in second quarter 2008 from $36.1 billion a year ago. Average debt securities available for sale increased to $84.7 billion in second quarter 2008 from $49.5 billion a year ago.
Core deposits are an important contributor to growth in net interest income and the net interest margin, and are a low-cost source of funding. Core deposits are noninterest-bearing deposits, interest-bearing checking, savings certificates, market rate and other savings, and certain foreign deposits (Eurodollar sweep balances). Average core deposits rose 6% to $318.4 billion for second quarter 2008 from $300.5 billion for second quarter 2007 and funded 81% and 91% of average loans in second quarter 2008 and 2007, respectively. Total average retail core deposits, which exclude Wholesale Banking core deposits and retail mortgage escrow deposits, grew $10.3 billion (5%) to $230.4 billion for second quarter 2008 from a year ago. Average mortgage escrow deposits were $22.7 billion for second quarter 2008, down $680 million from a year ago. Average savings certificates of deposits decreased to $37.6 billion in second quarter 2008 from $39.7 billion a year ago and average noninterest-bearing checking accounts and other core deposit categories (interest-bearing checking and market rate and other savings) increased to $255.3 billion in second quarter 2008 from $241.6 billion a year ago. Total average interest-bearing deposits increased to $262.5 billion in second quarter 2008 from $227.5 billion a year ago.
The following table presents the individual components of net interest income and the net interest margin.

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AVERAGE BALANCES, YIELDS AND RATES PAID (TAXABLE-EQUIVALENT BASIS) (1) (2)
                                                 
 
    Quarter ended June 30
    2008     2007  
                    Interest                     Interest  
    Average     Yields/     income/     Average     Yields/     income
(in millions)   balance     rates     expense     balance     rates     expense  
   

EARNING ASSETS

                                               
Federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments
  $ 3,853       2.32 %   $ 22     $ 4,849       5.09 %   $ 61  
Trading assets
    4,915       3.24       39       4,572       4.83       55  
Debt securities available for sale (3):
                                               
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
    1,050       3.77       10       839       4.28       9  
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
    7,038       6.62       118       4,383       7.42       79  
Mortgage-backed securities:
                                               
Federal agencies
    40,630       5.92       588       35,406       6.09       533  
Private collateralized mortgage obligations
    22,419       5.87       340       3,816       6.41       61  
 
                                       
Total mortgage-backed securities
    63,049       5.90       928       39,222       6.13       594  
Other debt securities (4)
    13,600       6.30       226       5,090       7.61       96  
 
                                       
Total debt securities available for sale (4)
    84,737       6.00       1,282       49,534       6.36       778  
Mortgages held for sale (5)
    28,004       6.04       423       36,060       6.42       578  
Loans held for sale (5)
    734       5.63       10       864       7.74       17  
Loans:
                                               
Commercial and commercial real estate:
                                               
Commercial
    95,263       6.09       1,444       73,932       8.31       1,531  
Other real estate mortgage
    39,977       5.77       573       31,736       7.48       592  
Real estate construction
    19,213       5.01       240       16,393       7.97       326  
Lease financing
    7,087       5.64       100       5,559       5.95       83  
 
                                       
Total commercial and commercial real estate
    161,540       5.86       2,357       127,620       7.96       2,532  
Consumer:
                                               
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
    73,663       6.79       1,250       58,283       7.36       1,071  
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
    75,018       6.68       1,246       70,390       8.20       1,440  
Credit card
    19,037       11.81       561       14,950       14.46       540  
Other revolving credit and installment
    54,842       8.78       1,198       53,464       9.78       1,303  
 
                                       
Total consumer
    222,560       7.67       4,255       197,087       8.85       4,354  
Foreign
    7,445       10.61       197       7,263       12.00       218  
 
                                       
Total loans (5)
    391,545       6.98       6,809       331,970       8.58       7,104  
Other
    2,033       4.47       24       1,329       5.23       18  
 
                                       
Total earning assets
  $ 515,821       6.69       8,609     $ 429,178       8.05       8,611  
 
                                       

FUNDING SOURCES

                                               
Deposits:
                                               
Interest-bearing checking
  $ 5,487       1.18       16     $ 5,193       3.24       42  
Market rate and other savings
    161,760       1.21       486       145,185       2.82       1,022  
Savings certificates
    37,634       3.06       287       39,729       4.38       433  
Other time deposits
    5,773       2.72       38       4,574       4.82       55  
Deposits in foreign offices
    51,884       1.83       236       32,841       4.75       389  
 
                                       
Total interest-bearing deposits
    262,538       1.63       1,063       227,522       3.42       1,941  
Short-term borrowings
    66,537       2.16       357       21,066       5.06       265  
Long-term debt
    100,552       3.41       856       90,931       5.17       1,174  
 
                                       
Total interest-bearing liabilities
    429,627       2.13       2,276       339,519       3.99       3,380  
Portion of noninterest-bearing funding sources
    86,194       --       --       89,659       --       --  
 
                                       
Total funding sources
  $ 515,821       1.77       2,276     $ 429,178       3.16       3,380  
 
                                       
Net interest margin and net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis (6)
            4.92 %   $ 6,333               4.89 %   $ 5,231  
 
                                       

NONINTEREST-EARNING ASSETS

                                               
Cash and due from banks
  $ 10,875                     $ 11,655                  
Goodwill
    13,171                       11,435                  
Other
    54,882                       50,418                  
 
                                           
Total noninterest-earning assets
  $ 78,928                     $ 73,508                  
 
                                           

NONINTEREST-BEARING FUNDING SOURCES

                                               
Deposits
  $ 88,041                     $ 91,256                  
Other liabilities
    28,723                       25,221                  
Stockholders’ equity
    48,358                       46,690                  
Noninterest-bearing funding sources used to
fund earning assets
    (86,194 )                     (89,659 )                
 
                                           
Net noninterest-bearing funding sources
  $ 78,928                     $ 73,508                  
 
                                           

TOTAL ASSETS

  $ 594,749                     $ 502,686                  
 
                                           

 

                                               
 
(1)   Our average prime rate was 5.08% and 8.25% for the quarters ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and 5.65% and 8.25% for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The average three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) was 2.75% and 5.36% for the quarters ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and 3.02% and 5.36% for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
(2)   Interest rates and amounts include the effects of hedge and risk management activities associated with the respective asset and liability categories.
(3)   Yields are based on amortized cost balances computed on a settlement date basis.
(4)   Includes certain preferred securities.
(5)   Nonaccrual loans and related income are included in their respective loan categories.
(6)   Includes taxable-equivalent adjustments primarily related to tax-exempt income on certain loans and securities. The federal statutory tax rate was 35% for the periods presented.

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Six months ended June 30
    2008     2007  
                    Interest                     Interest  
    Average     Yields/     income/     Average     Yields /     income
(in millions)   balance     rates     expense     balance     rates     expense  
   

EARNING ASSETS

                                               
Federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments
  $ 3,870       2.81 %   $ 54     $ 5,355       5.13 %   $ 136  
Trading assets
    5,022       3.49       87       4,439       5.17       114  
Debt securities available for sale (3):
                                               
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
    1,012       3.81       19       796       4.29       17  
Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
    6,664       7.00       238       3,960       7.40       142  
Mortgage-backed securities:
                                               
Federal agencies
    38,364       6.00       1,123       33,036       6.14       1,000  
Private collateralized mortgage obligations
    21,706       5.97       664       3,904       6.37       123  
 
                                       
Total mortgage-backed securities
    60,070       5.99       1,787       36,940       6.16       1,123  
Other debt securities (4)
    12,213       6.58       422       5,433       7.52       202  
 
                                       
Total debt securities available for sale (4)
    79,959       6.14       2,466       47,129       6.39       1,484  
Mortgages held for sale (5)
    27,138       6.02       817       34,212       6.48       1,108  
Loans held for sale (5)
    691       6.52       22       829       7.78       32  
Loans:
                                               
Commercial and commercial real estate:
                                               
Commercial
    93,174       6.50       3,013       72,505       8.30       2,986  
Other real estate mortgage
    38,701       6.09       1,173       31,166       7.45       1,152  
Real estate construction
    19,073       5.53       525       16,144       7.99       640  
Lease financing
    6,956       5.71       198       5,531       5.84       162  
 
                                       
Total commercial and commercial real estate
    157,904       6.25       4,909       125,346       7.94       4,940  
Consumer:
                                               
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
    72,985       6.84       2,496       56,374       7.34       2,066  
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
    75,140       6.99       2,614       69,738       8.19       2,833  
Credit card
    18,907       12.06       1,140       14,755       14.01       1,033  
Other revolving credit and installment
    55,376       8.94       2,462       53,501       9.76       2,590  
 
                                       
Total consumer
    222,408       7.86       8,712       194,368       8.82       8,522  
Foreign
    7,420       10.94       404       7,015       11.78       410  
 
                                       
Total loans (5)
    387,732       7.26       14,025       326,729       8.55       13,872  
Other
    1,930       4.50       44       1,327       5.17       34  
 
                                       
Total earning assets
  $ 506,342       6.94       17,515     $ 420,020       8.05       16,780  
 
                                       

FUNDING SOURCES

                                               
Deposits:
                                               
Interest-bearing checking
  $ 5,357       1.54       41     $ 4,905       3.24       79  
Market rate and other savings
    160,812       1.59       1,270       143,071       2.80       1,985  
Savings certificates
    39,774       3.54       700       39,125       4.40       854  
Other time deposits
    5,269       3.09       80       6,931       5.03       173  
Deposits in foreign offices
    49,262       2.31       566       30,258       4.71       707  
 
                                       
Total interest-bearing deposits
    260,474       2.05       2,657       224,290       3.41       3,798  
Short-term borrowings
    59,754       2.63       782       16,308       4.96       401  
Long-term debt
    100,619       3.85       1,933       89,984       5.16       2,312  
 
                                       
Total interest-bearing liabilities
    420,847       2.56       5,372       330,582       3.97       6,511  
Portion of noninterest-bearing funding sources
    85,495       --       --       89,438       --       --  
 
                                       
Total funding sources
  $ 506,342       2.13       5,372     $ 420,020       3.13       6,511  
 
                                       
Net interest margin and net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis (6)
            4.81 %   $ 12,143               4.92 %   $ 10,269  
 
                                       

NONINTEREST-EARNING ASSETS

                                               
Cash and due from banks
  $ 11,262                     $ 11,758                  
Goodwill
    13,166                       11,355                  
Other
    54,101                       49,320                  
 
                                           
Total noninterest-earning assets
  $ 78,529                     $ 72,433                  
 
                                           

NONINTEREST-BEARING FUNDING SOURCES

                                               
Deposits
  $ 86,464                     $ 90,020                  
Other liabilities
    29,534                       25,378                  
Stockholders’ equity
    48,026                       46,473                  
Noninterest-bearing funding sources used to
fund earning assets
    (85,495 )                     (89,438 )                
 
                                           
Net noninterest-bearing funding sources
  $ 78,529                     $ 72,433                  
 
                                           

TOTAL ASSETS

  $ 584,871                     $ 492,453                  
 
                                           

 

                                               
 
(1)   Our average prime rate was 5.08% and 8.25% for the quarters ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and 5.65% and 8.25% for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The average three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) was 2.75% and 5.36% for the quarters ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and 3.02% and 5.36% for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
(2)   Interest rates and amounts include the effects of hedge and risk management activities associated with the respective asset and liability categories.
(3)   Yields are based on amortized cost balances computed on a settlement date basis.
(4)   Includes certain preferred securities.
(5)   Nonaccrual loans and related income are included in their respective loan categories.
(6)   Includes taxable-equivalent adjustments primarily related to tax-exempt income on certain loans and securities. The federal statutory tax rate was 35% for the periods presented.

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NONINTEREST INCOME
                                                 
   
    Quarter             Six months        
    ended June 30 ,   %     ended June 30 ,   %  
(in millions)   2008     2007     Change     2008     2007     Change  
   

                                               
Service charges on deposit accounts
  $ 800     $ 740       8 %   $ 1,548     $ 1,425       9 %

                                               
Trust and investment fees:
                                               
Trust, investment and IRA fees
    566       610       (7 )     1,125       1,147       (2 )
Commissions and all other fees
    196       229       (14 )     400       423       (5 )
 
                                       
Total trust and investment fees
    762       839       (9 )     1,525       1,570       (3 )

                                               
Card fees
    588       517       14       1,146       987       16  

                                               
Other fees:
                                               
Cash network fees
    47       50       (6 )     95       95        
Charges and fees on loans
    251       253       (1 )     499       491       2  
All other fees
    213       335       (36 )     416       563       (26 )
 
                                       
Total other fees
    511       638       (20 )     1,010       1,149       (12 )

                                               
Mortgage banking:
                                               
Servicing income, net
    221       (45 )   NM       494       171       189  
Net gains on mortgage loan origination/ sales activities
    876       635       38       1,143       1,130       1  
All other
    100       99       1       191       178       7  
 
                                       
Total mortgage banking
    1,197       689       74       1,828       1,479       24  

                                               
Operating leases
    120       187       (36 )     263       379       (31 )
Insurance
    550       432       27       1,054       831       27  
Net gains from trading activities
    516       260       98       619       525       18  
Net gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale
    (91 )     (42 )     117       232       (11 )   NM  
Net gains from equity investments
    46       242       (81 )     359       339       6  
All other
    182       193       (6 )     400       453       (12 )
 
                                       
Total
  $ 5,181     $ 4,695       10     $ 9,984     $ 9,126       9  
 
                                       
   
NM - Not meaningful
We earn trust, investment and IRA fees from managing and administering assets, including mutual funds, corporate trust, personal trust, employee benefit trust and agency assets. At June 30, 2008, these assets totaled $1.10 trillion, up 2% from $1.08 trillion at June 30, 2007. Trust, investment and IRA fees are primarily based on a tiered scale relative to the market value of the assets under management or administration. These fees declined 7% in second quarter 2008 from a year ago, while the S&P 500® declined 15% over the same period.
We also receive commissions and other fees for providing services to full-service and discount brokerage customers. Generally, these fees include transactional commissions, which are based on the number of transactions executed at the customer’s direction, or asset-based fees, which are based on the market value of the customer’s assets. At June 30, 2008 and 2007, brokerage balances totaled $129 billion and $126 billion, respectively.
Card fees increased 14% to $588 million in second quarter 2008 from $517 million in second quarter 2007, due to continued growth in new accounts and higher credit and debit card transaction volume. Purchase volume on these cards was up 13% from a year ago and average card balances were up 30%.

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Mortgage banking noninterest income was $1,197 million in second quarter 2008, compared with $689 million in second quarter 2007. In addition to servicing fees, net servicing income includes both changes in the fair value of MSRs during the period as well as changes in the value of derivatives (economic hedges) used to hedge the MSRs. Net servicing income for second quarter 2008 included a $65 million net MSRs valuation loss that was recorded to earnings ($4.13 billion fair value gain less a $4.20 billion economic hedging loss) and for second quarter 2007 included a $225 million net MSRs valuation loss ($2.01 billion fair value gain less a $2.24 billion economic hedging loss). Our portfolio of loans serviced for others was $1.45 trillion at June 30, 2008, up 7% from $1.35 trillion at June 30, 2007. At June 30, 2008, the ratio of MSRs to related loans serviced for others was 1.37%.
Net gains on mortgage loan origination/sales activities were $876 million in second quarter 2008, up from $635 million in second quarter 2007. Gains for second quarter 2008 were primarily driven by wider margins on new originations. Residential real estate originations totaled $63 billion in second quarter 2008 and $80 billion in second quarter 2007. (For additional detail, see “Asset/Liability and Market Risk Management — Mortgage Banking Interest Rate and Market Risk,” Note 8 (Mortgage Banking Activities) and Note 13 (Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities) to Financial Statements in this Report.)
The 1-4 family first mortgage unclosed pipeline was $47 billion at June 30, 2008, $43 billion at December 31, 2007, and $56 billion at June 30, 2007.
Insurance revenue was up 27% in second quarter 2008 from second quarter 2007, due to customer growth, higher crop insurance revenues and the fourth quarter 2007 acquisition of ABD Insurance.
Income from trading activities was $516 million and $619 million in the second quarter and first half of 2008, respectively, and included a $206 million increase in the value of interest-only investments associated with the Home Mortgage servicing portfolio in second quarter 2008. Income from trading activities was $260 million and $525 million in the second quarter and first half of 2007, respectively. Net gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale were $(91) million for second quarter 2008 and $232 million for first half of 2008, and $(42) million and $(11) million, respectively, for the same periods of the prior year. Net gains from equity investments were $46 million and $359 million in the second quarter and first half of 2008, respectively, and $242 million and $339 million in the same periods of 2007. Gains on equity investments for the first half of 2008 included a $334 million gain recognized in first quarter 2008 from our ownership in Visa, which completed its initial public offering in March 2008. Net gains on securities available for sale for second quarter 2008 included $129 million of other-than-temporary impairment charges, which were largely recorded in net losses on debt securities. (For additional detail, see “Balance Sheet Analysis — Securities Available for Sale” in this Report.)

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NONINTEREST EXPENSE
                                                 
   
    Quarter             Six months        
    ended June 30 ,   %     ended June 30 ,   %  
(in millions)   2008     2007     Change     2008     2007     Change  
   

                                               
Salaries
  $ 2,030     $ 1,907       6 %   $ 4,014     $ 3,774       6 %
Incentive compensation
    806       900       (10 )     1,450       1,642       (12 )
Employee benefits
    593       581       2       1,180       1,246       (5 )
Equipment
    305       292       4       653       629       4  
Net occupancy
    400       369       8       799       734       9  
Operating leases
    102       148       (31 )     218       301       (28 )
Outside professional services
    212       235       (10 )     383       427       (10 )
Outside data processing
    122       121       1       231       232        
Travel and entertainment
    112       118       (5 )     217       227       (4 )
Contract services
    104       113       (8 )     212       231       (8 )
Operating losses (reduction in losses)
    56       57       (2 )     (17 )     144     NM  
Insurance
    206       148       39       367       276       33  
Advertising and promotion
    104       113       (8 )     189       204       (7 )
Postage
    84       85       (1 )     173       172       1  
Telecommunications
    82       81       1       160       162       (1 )
Stationery and supplies
    54       52       4       106       105       1  
Security
    45       44       2       89       87       2  
Core deposit intangibles
    31       27       15       62       53       17  
All other
    412       336       23       836       607       38  
 
                                       

                                               
Total
  $ 5,860     $ 5,727       2     $ 11,322     $ 11,253       1  
 
                                       
   
NM - Not meaningful
Noninterest expense for second quarter increased 2% from the prior year. Second quarter 2008 expenses included higher salaries and insurance expense, consistent with higher insurance income, offset by lower non-labor expenses, such as outside professional services, travel and entertainment, contract services, advertising and promotion, and postage. In the last 12 months, we opened 78 retail banking stores, including 19 stores this quarter, converted 60 stores from acquisitions, and added 1,800 full-time equivalent (FTE) team members.
INCOME TAX EXPENSE
Our effective income tax rate was 32.2% for second quarter 2008, down from 33.8% for second quarter 2007, primarily due to a lower level of pre-tax income and higher amounts of tax credits and tax-exempt income in 2008. For the first half of 2008, our effective tax rate was 33.7%, compared with 31.9% for the first half of 2007. The tax rate in the first half of 2007 was primarily impacted by the resolution of certain outstanding federal income tax matters.

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OPERATING SEGMENT RESULTS
We have three lines of business for management reporting: Community Banking, Wholesale Banking and Wells Fargo Financial. For a more complete description of our operating segments, including additional financial information and the underlying management accounting process, see Note 17 (Operating Segments) to Financial Statements in this Report. To reflect the realignment of our corporate trust business from Community Banking into Wholesale Banking in first quarter 2008, results for prior periods have been revised.
Community Banking’s net income decreased 18% to $1.23 billion in second quarter 2008 from $1.50 billion in second quarter 2007, reflecting a $1.1 billion credit reserve build. Net income decreased 11% to $2.66 billion in the first half of 2008 from $3.00 billion in the first half of 2007. Revenue increased 22% to $7.55 billion in second quarter 2008 from $6.17 billion a year ago. Net interest income increased 28% to $4.14 billion in second quarter 2008 from $3.23 billion a year ago, driven by strong balance sheet growth and increased net interest margin. Average loans were up 16% to $215.9 billion in second quarter 2008 from $186.6 billion a year ago. Average core deposits were up 4% to $252.6 billion in second quarter 2008 from $243.0 billion a year ago. The increase in the provision for credit losses to $2.0 billion in second quarter 2008 from $353 million a year ago included an additional $1.1 billion in credit reserve build. Noninterest income increased 16% to $3.41 billion in second quarter 2008 from $2.95 billion a year ago, primarily driven by strong retail banking fee revenue growth in cards, deposit service charges and mortgage banking. Noninterest expense increased 4% to $3.74 billion in second quarter 2008 from $3.59 billion a year ago, driven by investments in technology, distribution and sales staff, partially offset by expense management.
Wholesale Banking’s net income decreased 10% to $557 million in second quarter 2008 from $621 million in second quarter 2007, partly due to a $143 million credit reserve build. Net income decreased 18% to $1.03 billion in the first half of 2008 from $1.25 billion in the first half of 2007. Revenue increased 8% to $2.50 billion in second quarter 2008 from $2.31 billion a year ago. Net interest income increased 15% to $1.02 billion for second quarter 2008 from $888 million a year ago driven by strong loan and deposit growth and higher fee income. Average loans increased 32% to $107.6 billion in second quarter 2008 from $81.4 billion a year ago, with double-digit increases across nearly all wholesale lending businesses. Average core deposits grew 14% to $65.8 billion, all in interest-bearing balances. The increase in the provision for credit losses to $245 million in second quarter 2008 from $1 million a year ago included $102 million from higher net charge-offs and an additional $143 million in credit reserve build. Noninterest income increased 4% to $1.48 billion in second quarter 2008 from a year ago, and included higher deposit service charges, foreign exchange, financial products and insurance revenue offset by lower commercial real estate brokerage and capital markets activity. Noninterest expense increased 5% to $1.42 billion in second quarter 2008 from $1.35 billion a year ago, mainly due to higher personnel-related costs, including additional team members, as well as insurance expenses and expenses related to higher financial product sales.
Wells Fargo Financial reported a net loss of $38 million in second quarter 2008 compared with net income of $156 million in second quarter 2007, reflecting higher credit costs, primarily driven by continued weakness in the real estate market. For the first half of 2008, net income was $59 million, compared with $268 million for the same period a year ago. Revenue was $1.41 billion in second quarter 2008, flat from a year ago. Net interest income increased 4% to $1.12 billion in second quarter 2008 from $1.08 billion a year ago due to 6% growth in average

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loans to $68.0 billion in second quarter 2008 from $64.0 billion a year ago. The provision for credit losses increased $405 million in second quarter 2008 from a year ago and included an additional $265 million in credit reserve build. Noninterest expense decreased $88 million (11%) to $703 million in second quarter 2008 from $791 million a year ago primarily due to lower personnel expenses from a lower level of FTEs.
BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS
SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Our securities available for sale consists of both debt and marketable equity securities. We hold debt securities available for sale primarily for liquidity, interest rate risk management and long-term yield enhancement. Accordingly, this portfolio primarily includes very liquid, high-quality federal agency debt and privately issued mortgage-backed securities. At June 30, 2008, we held $87.7 billion of debt securities available for sale, with net unrealized losses of $1.6 billion, compared with $70.2 billion at December 31, 2007, with net unrealized gains of $775 million. We also held $3.7 billion of marketable equity securities available for sale at June 30, 2008, and $2.8 billion at December 31, 2007, with net unrealized losses of $526 million and $95 million for the same periods, respectively. The increase in net unrealized losses for the total securities available-for-sale portfolio to $2.1 billion at June 30, 2008, from net unrealized gains of $680 million at December 31, 2007, was largely due to an increase in market yields and wider spreads on mortgage-backed securities in the first half of 2008.
We conduct other-than-temporary impairment analysis on a quarterly basis. The initial indication of other-than-temporary impairment for both debt and equity securities is a decline in the market value below the amount recorded for an investment, and the severity and duration of the decline. In determining whether an impairment is other than temporary, we consider the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been below cost, recent events specific to the issuer, including investment downgrades by rating agencies and economic conditions of its industry, and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery. For marketable equity securities, we also consider the issuer’s financial condition, capital strength, and near-term prospects. For debt securities we also consider the cause of the price decline (general level of interest rates and industry- and issuer-specific factors), the issuer’s financial condition, near-term prospects and current ability to make future payments in a timely manner, the issuer’s ability to service debt, and any change in agencies’ ratings at evaluation date from acquisition date and any likely imminent action.
Based on our evaluation at June 30, 2008, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment of $129 million in second quarter 2008, largely related to debt securities available for sale. See Note 4 (Securities Available for Sale) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information.
The weighted-average expected maturity of debt securities available for sale was 6.9 years at June 30, 2008. Since 78% of this portfolio is mortgage-backed securities, the expected remaining maturity may differ from contractual maturity because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations before the underlying mortgages mature. The estimated effect of a 200 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates on the fair value and the expected remaining maturity of the mortgage-backed securities available for sale is shown in the following table.

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MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES
                         
   
    Fair     Net unrealized     Remaining  
(in billions)   value     gain (loss)     maturity  
   

                       
At June 30, 2008
  $68.2     $(1.0)   5.2 yrs.  

                       
At June 30, 2008, assuming a 200 basis point:
                       
Increase in interest rates
    62.2       (7.0)   6.7 yrs.  
Decrease in interest rates
    72.4       3.2     2.4 yrs.  
   
LOAN PORTFOLIO
A discussion of average loan balances is included in “Earnings Performance — Net Interest Income” on page 11 and a comparative schedule of average loan balances is included in the table on page 12; quarter-end balances are in Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.
Total loans at June 30, 2008, were $399.2 billion, up $56.4 billion (16%) from $342.8 billion at June 30, 2007. Commercial and commercial real estate loans were $167.6 billion at June 30, 2008, up $35.2 billion (27%) from $132.4 billion a year ago. Consumer loans were $224.1 billion at June 30, 2008, up $21.3 billion (10%) from $202.8 billion a year ago. Mortgages held for sale were $25.2 billion at June 30, 2008, down $9.3 billion from $34.6 billion a year ago.
DEPOSITS
                         
   
    June 30 ,   Dec. 31 ,   June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2007  
   
                         
Noninterest-bearing
  $ 85,062     $ 84,348     $ 89,809  
Interest-bearing checking
    5,636       5,277       3,795  
Market rate and other savings
    159,323       153,924       147,281  
Savings certificates
    36,104       42,708       40,271  
Foreign deposits (1)
    24,285       25,474       19,446  
 
                 
Core deposits
    310,410       311,731       300,602  
Other time deposits
    7,439       3,654       3,130  
Other foreign deposits
    21,275       29,075       21,011  
 
                 
Total deposits
  $ 339,124     $ 344,460     $ 324,743  
 
                 
   
(1)   Reflects Eurodollar sweep balances included in core deposits.
Average core deposits increased $17.8 billion to $318.4 billion in second quarter 2008 from second quarter 2007, predominantly due to growth in market rate and other savings.

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OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND AGGREGATE CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
In the ordinary course of business, we engage in financial transactions that are not recorded in the balance sheet, or may be recorded in the balance sheet in amounts that are different than the full contract or notional amount of the transaction. These transactions are designed to (1) meet the financial needs of customers, (2) manage our credit, market or liquidity risks, (3) diversify our funding sources, or (4) optimize capital, and are accounted for in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Almost all of our off-balance sheet arrangements result from securitizations. Based on market conditions, from time to time we may securitize home mortgage loans and other financial assets, including commercial mortgages. We normally structure loan securitizations as sales, in accordance with FAS 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities — a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125. This involves the transfer of financial assets to certain qualifying special-purpose entities (QSPEs) that we are not required to consolidate. We also enter into certain contractual obligations. For additional information on off-balance sheet arrangements and other contractual obligations see “Financial Review — Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations” in our 2007 Form 10-K and Note 11 (Guarantees) to Financial Statements in this Report.
In December 2007, the American Securitization Forum (ASF) issued the “Streamlined Foreclosure and Loss Avoidance Framework for Securitized Subprime Adjustable Rate Mortgage Loans” (the ASF Framework). The ASF Framework provides guidance for servicers to streamline borrower evaluation procedures and to facilitate the use of foreclosure and loss prevention efforts in an attempt to reduce the number of U.S. subprime residential mortgage borrowers who might default because the borrowers cannot afford to pay the increased loan interest rate after their subprime adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) loan interest rate resets. The ASF Framework was developed with the participation of representatives of the mortgage securitization industry and the U.S. Government and is intended to keep borrowers in their homes while also maximizing trust proceeds to investors and requires lenders to comply with relevant tax regulations and off-balance sheet accounting standards for loan securitizations.
Specifically, the ASF Framework applies to all first lien subprime residential ARM loans that have an initial fixed rate period of 36 months or less that were originated between January 1, 2005, and July 31, 2007, that are included in securitized pools, and that have an initial interest rate reset between January 1, 2008, and July 31, 2010. The ASF Framework divides these subprime ARM loans into three segments and requires loan servicers to address the borrowers according to their assigned segment. Segment 1 includes current loans where the borrower is likely to be able to refinance into an available mortgage product. Segment 2 includes loans where the borrower is current, meets other specific criteria, and is unlikely to be able to refinance into other readily available mortgage products. Loans included in Segment 2 are eligible for a streamlined loan modification which generally includes freezing the introductory interest rate for a period of five years following the upcoming reset date. Segment 3 includes loans where the borrower is not current and does not meet the criteria for Segments 1 or 2. The total of ASF Framework segmented loans owned by QSPEs that we serviced was approximately $1.8 billion at June 30, 2008, or 0.1% of our total managed servicing portfolio.

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We believe our adoption of the ASF Framework will not affect the off-balance sheet accounting treatment of the QSPEs that hold these subprime ARM loans. The Office of the Chief Accountant of the SEC has issued guidance regarding the ASF Framework that these streamlined loan modifications will not impact the accounting for the QSPEs because it would be reasonable to conclude that defaults on these loans are “reasonably foreseeable” without a loan modification.
RISK MANAGEMENT
CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Our credit risk management process provides for decentralized management and accountability by our lines of business. Our overall credit process includes comprehensive credit policies, judgmental or statistical credit underwriting, frequent and detailed risk measurement and modeling, extensive credit training programs and a continual loan review and audit process. In addition, regulatory examiners review and perform detailed tests of our credit underwriting, loan administration and allowance processes. We continually evaluate and modify our credit policies to address unacceptable levels of risk as they are identified. Beginning in 2007 and continuing in 2008, we updated our credit policies related to residential real estate lending to reflect the deteriorating economic conditions in the industry and decisions were made to exit certain underperforming indirect channels.

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Nonaccrual Loans and Other Assets
The table below shows the comparative data for nonaccrual loans and other assets. We generally place loans on nonaccrual status when:
  the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain;
  they are 90 days (120 days with respect to real estate 1-4 family first and junior lien mortgages and auto loans) past due for interest or principal (unless both well-secured and in the process of collection); or
  part of the principal balance has been charged off.
Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2007 Form 10-K describes our accounting policy for nonaccrual loans.
NONACCRUAL LOANS AND OTHER ASSETS
                         
   
    June 30 ,   Dec. 31 ,   June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2007  
   

                       
Nonaccrual loans:
                       
Commercial and commercial real estate:
                       
Commercial
  $ 685     $ 432     $ 395  
Other real estate mortgage
    198       128       129  
Real estate construction
    563       293       81  
Lease financing
    59       45       29  
 
                 
Total commercial and commercial real estate
    1,505       898       634  
Consumer:
                       
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage (1)
    1,638       1,272       663  
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
    668       280       228  
Other revolving credit and installment
    207       184       155  
 
                 
Total consumer
    2,513       1,736       1,046  
Foreign
    55       45       53  
 
                 
Total nonaccrual loans (2)
    4,073       2,679       1,733  
As a percentage of total loans
    1.02 %     0.70 %     0.51 %

                       
Foreclosed assets:
                       
GNMA loans (3)
    535       535       423  
Other
    595       649       554  
Real estate and other nonaccrual investments (4)
    24       5       5  
 
                 
Total nonaccrual loans and other assets
  $ 5,227     $ 3,868     $ 2,715  
 
                 

                       
As a percentage of total loans
    1.31 %     1.01 %     0.79 %
 
                 
   
(1)   Includes nonaccrual mortgages held for sale.
(2)   Includes impaired loans of $1,075 million, $469 million and $276 million at June 30, 2008, December 31, 2007, and June 30, 2007, respectively. See Note 5 to Financial Statements in this Report and Note 6 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in our 2007 Form 10-K for further information on impaired loans.
(3)   Consistent with regulatory reporting requirements, foreclosed real estate securing GNMA loans is classified as nonperforming. Both principal and interest for GNMA loans secured by the foreclosed real estate are collectible because the GNMA loans are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs.
(4)   Includes real estate investments (contingent interest loans accounted for as investments) that would be classified as nonaccrual if these assets were recorded as loans.
Nonaccrual loans increased $2.3 billion to $4.1 billion at June 30, 2008, from $1.7 billion at June 30, 2007, reflecting economic conditions, primarily in portfolios affected by residential real estate conditions and the associated impact on the consumer with a significant portion of the increase in the real estate 1-4 family first mortgage loan portfolio. The increase in nonaccrual

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loans from a year ago was caused in part by our active loss mitigation strategies, including proactively working with customers on restructuring their loan terms to align with their current financial capacity, at Wells Fargo Financial, Home Equity and Home Mortgage. The $2.34 billion increase from a year ago included $582 million in Wells Fargo Financial real estate, $472 million in Home Equity and $327 million in Home Mortgage. The change in the Home Equity charge-off policy also contributed to the increase in nonaccrual loans, as fewer loans were charged off in the quarter. We have helped nearly 900 customers, and approximately $90 million of loans have been modified due to this change. Nonaccrual real estate 1-4 family loans included approximately $146 million of loans at June 30, 2008, that have been modified. Our policy requires six consecutive months of payments on these loans before they are returned to accrual status. In addition, due to illiquid market conditions, we are now holding more foreclosed properties than we have historically. As a result, foreclosed asset balances increased $153 million to $1,130 million at June 30, 2008, from a year ago, including an increase of $127 million from Home Mortgage. The increase in the nonaccrual commercial and commercial real estate portfolios was influenced by the deterioration of credit related to the residential real estate and construction industries.
We expect that the amount of nonaccrual loans will change due to portfolio growth, portfolio seasoning, routine problem loan recognition and resolution through collections, sales or charge-offs. (See “Financial Review — Allowance for Credit Losses” in this Report for additional discussion.) The performance of any one loan can be affected by external factors, such as economic or market conditions, or factors affecting a particular borrower.

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Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing
Loans included in this category are 90 days or more past due as to interest or principal and still accruing, because they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) real estate 1-4 family first mortgage loans or consumer loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual.
The total of loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing was $7,262 million, $6,393 million and $4,994 million at June 30, 2008, December 31, 2007, and June 30, 2007, respectively. The total included $5,482 million, $4,834 million and $3,908 million for the same periods, respectively, in advances pursuant to our servicing agreements to GNMA mortgage pools and similar loans whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. The table below reflects loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing excluding the insured/guaranteed GNMA advances.
LOANS 90 DAYS OR MORE PAST DUE AND STILL ACCRUING
(EXCLUDING INSURED/GUARANTEED GNMA AND SIMILAR LOANS)
                         
   
    June 30 ,   Dec. 31 ,   June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2007  
   

                       
Commercial and commercial real estate:
                       
Commercial
  $ 16     $ 32     $ 21  
Other real estate mortgage
    38       10       2  
Real estate construction
    81       24       4  
 
                 
Total commercial and commercial real estate
    135       66       27  
Consumer:
                       
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage (1)
    370       286       179  
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
    236       201       76  
Credit card
    441       402       253  
Other revolving credit and installment
    563       552       515  
 
                 
Total consumer
    1,610       1,441       1,023  
Foreign
    35       52       36  
 
                 
Total
  $ 1,780     $ 1,559     $ 1,086  
 
                 
   
(1)   Includes mortgage loans held for sale 90 days or more past due and still accruing.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses, which consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded credit commitments, is management’s estimate of credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. We assume that our allowance for credit losses as a percentage of charge-offs and nonaccrual loans will change at different points in time based on credit performance, loan mix and collateral values. The detail of the changes in the allowance for credit losses, including charge-offs and recoveries by loan category, is in Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.
Net charge-offs for second quarter 2008 were $1.5 billion (1.55% of average total loans outstanding, annualized), compared with $1.5 billion (1.60%) for first quarter 2008 and $720 million (0.87%) for second quarter 2007. As previously announced, the Home Equity charge-off policy was changed in second quarter 2008 to provide more time to work with

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customers to solve their credit problems and keep them in their homes. The policy change had the effect of deferring an estimated $265 million of charge-offs from the second quarter, but did not reduce provision expense in second quarter 2008 since this loss content was included in the $1.5 billion credit reserve build. Total provision expense in second quarter 2008 was $3.0 billion, including a $1.5 billion credit reserve build, primarily for losses in the Home Equity, Wells Fargo Financial real estate, and unsecured consumer portfolios. The $792 million increase in net credit losses from a year ago included $243 million in the real estate 1-4 family junior lien category. Net credit losses in the commercial category (primarily Business Direct) increased $199 million from a year ago.
Because of our responsible lending and risk management practices, we have largely avoided many of the products others in the mortgage industry have offered. We have not offered certain mortgage products such as negative amortizing mortgages or option ARMs. We had minimal ARM reset risk across our owned loan portfolios at June 30, 2008. While our disciplined underwriting standards have resulted in first mortgage delinquencies below industry averages through June 30, 2008, we continually evaluate and modify our credit policies to address unacceptable levels of risk as they are identified. In the past year, for example, we have tightened underwriting standards as we believed appropriate. Home Mortgage closed its nonprime wholesale channel early in third quarter 2007, after closing its nonprime correspondent channel in second quarter 2007. In addition, rates were increased for non-conforming mortgage loans during third quarter 2007 reflecting the reduced liquidity in the capital markets. As a result of these underwriting and policy changes, as well as overall market changes, Home Mortgage has shifted its loan origination production mix to significantly more government and conforming loans than a year ago, when production included a higher level of non-conforming and nonprime loans.
Although credit quality in Wells Fargo Financial’s real estate-secured lending business has deteriorated, we have not experienced the level of credit degradation that many nonprime lenders have because of our disciplined underwriting practices. Wells Fargo Financial has continued its long-standing practice not to use brokers or correspondents in its U.S. debt consolidation business. We endeavor to ensure that there is a tangible benefit to the borrower before we make a loan.
The deterioration in segments of the Home Equity portfolio required a targeted approach to managing these assets. We segregated into a liquidating portfolio all Home Equity loans generated through the wholesale channel not behind a Wells Fargo first mortgage, and all home equity loans acquired through correspondents. While the $11.1 billion of loans in this liquidating portfolio represented about 3% of total loans outstanding at June 30, 2008, these loans experienced a significant portion of the credit losses in our $83.8 billion Home Equity portfolio, with an annualized loss rate of 3.46% for second quarter 2008, compared with 1.36% for the remaining core portfolio. In this challenging real estate market it is necessary to have more time to work with our customers to identify ways to help resolve their financial difficulties and keep them in their homes. In order to provide this additional time to assist our customers, beginning April 1, 2008, we changed our Home Equity charge-off policy, consistent with Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) guidelines. This change in charge-off policy resulted in loan modifications for nearly 900 customers for approximately $90 million of loans. The core portfolio consisted of $72.8 billion of loans in the Home Equity portfolio at June 30, 2008. The following table includes the credit attributes of these two portfolios.

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HOME EQUITY PORTFOLIO (1)
                                                 
   
                    % of loans        
                    two payments     Annualized loss rate  
    Outstanding balances     or more past due     Quarter ended  
    June 30 ,   Dec. 31 ,   June 30 ,   Dec. 31 ,   June 30 ,   Dec. 31 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2008     2007     2008     2007 (2)
   

                                               
Liquidating portfolio
                                               
California
  $ 4,310     $ 4,387       4.85 %     2.94 %     4.64 %     7.34 %
Florida
    561       582       6.80       4.98       6.39       7.08  
Arizona
    266       274       4.08       2.67       5.38       5.84  
Texas
    208       221       1.11       0.83       1.02       0.78  
Minnesota
    135       141       3.15       3.18       3.24       4.09  
Other
    5,589       6,296       2.40       2.00       2.27       2.94  
 
                                           
Total
    11,069       11,901       3.60       2.50       3.46       4.80  
 
                                           

                                               
Core portfolio
                                               
California
    27,114       25,991       2.32       1.63       1.92       1.27  
Florida
    2,572       2,614       4.42       2.92       3.84       2.57  
Arizona
    3,789       3,821       2.29       1.54       1.62       0.90  
Texas
    2,767       2,842       1.05       1.03       0.34       0.19  
Minnesota
    4,499       4,668       1.17       1.08       0.81       0.88  
Other
    32,016       32,393       1.43       1.43       0.83       0.44  
 
                                           
Total
    72,757       72,329       1.88       1.52       1.36       0.86  
 
                                           

                                               
Combined totals
  $ 83,826     $ 84,230       2.11       1.66       1.65       1.42  
 
                                           
   
(1)   Reflects the impact of the April 1, 2008, change in the Home Equity charge-off policy.
(2)   Annualized loss rate for December 31, 2007, data is based on loss rate for month of December 2007.
Other consumer portfolios performed as expected during the quarter. Net charge-offs in the real estate 1-4 family first mortgage portfolio increased $77 million in second quarter 2008 from second quarter 2007, including an increase of $36 million in Wells Fargo Financial’s residential real estate portfolio. The increase in mortgage loss rates was consistent with the continued declines in home prices. Credit card net charge-offs increased $168 million from a year ago, as expected, due to the effect of the current economic environment on consumers. Net charge-offs in the auto portfolio in second quarter 2008 were up $30 million from a year ago and down $47 million linked quarter. The process improvements and underwriting changes made in prior quarters continued to produce the desired results; however, increased economic stress will place additional pressure on any portfolio closely tied to the consumer.
Because of our Wholesale Banking business model, focused primarily on long-term relationships with business customers, we have not participated significantly in certain higher-risk activities. Wholesale Banking net income in second quarter 2008 was only minimally impacted by the capital markets dislocation that has resulted in significant write-downs at other financial services companies. During first quarter 2008 we recorded a $39 million liability for a capital support agreement for one structured investment vehicle (SIV) held by our AAA-rated non-government money market mutual funds. We do not act as a sponsor for any SIVs. On the investment side of this business, we operate within disciplined credit standards and regularly monitor and manage our securities portfolios. We have not participated in the underwriting of any of the large leveraged buyouts that were “covenant lite,” and we have minimal direct exposure to hedge funds. Similarly, we have not made a market in subprime securities.

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Commercial and commercial real estate net charge-offs increased $235 million to $342 million in second quarter 2008 from $107 million in second quarter 2007. Commercial and commercial real estate charge-offs include Business Direct (primarily unsecured lines of credit to small businesses), which increased $106 million in second quarter from a year ago and $30 million linked quarter.
We believe the allowance for credit losses of $7.52 billion was adequate to cover credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments, at June 30, 2008. During second quarter 2008, our reserve for unfunded commitments decreased linked quarter as our updated evaluation indicated lower loss content from open commitment exposures. The process for determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is critical to our financial results. It requires difficult, subjective and complex judgments, as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are uncertain. (See “Financial Review — Critical Accounting Policies — Allowance for Credit Losses” in our 2007 Form 10-K.) Therefore, we cannot provide assurance that, in any particular period, we will not have sizeable credit losses in relation to the amount reserved. We may need to significantly adjust the allowance for credit losses, considering current factors at the time, including economic or market conditions and ongoing internal and external examination processes. Our process for determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is discussed in “Financial Review — Critical Accounting Policies — Allowance for Credit Losses” and Note 6 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in our 2007 Form 10-K.
ASSET/LIABILITY AND MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT
Asset/liability management involves the evaluation, monitoring and management of interest rate risk, market risk, liquidity and funding. The Corporate Asset/Liability Management Committee (Corporate ALCO) — which oversees these risks and reports periodically to the Finance Committee of the Board of Directors — consists of senior financial and business executives. Each of our principal business groups has individual asset/liability management committees and processes linked to the Corporate ALCO process.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk, which potentially can have a significant earnings impact, is an integral part of being a financial intermediary. We are subject to interest rate risk because:
  assets and liabilities may mature or reprice at different times (for example, if assets reprice faster than liabilities and interest rates are generally falling, earnings will initially decline);
  assets and liabilities may reprice at the same time but by different amounts (for example, when the general level of interest rates is falling, we may reduce rates paid on checking and savings deposit accounts by an amount that is less than the general decline in market interest rates);
  short-term and long-term market interest rates may change by different amounts (for example, the shape of the yield curve may affect new loan yields and funding costs differently); or
  the remaining maturity of various assets or liabilities may shorten or lengthen as interest rates change (for example, if long-term mortgage interest rates decline sharply, mortgage-backed securities held in the securities available-for-sale portfolio may prepay significantly earlier than anticipated — which could reduce portfolio income).

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Interest rates may also have a direct or indirect effect on loan demand, credit losses, mortgage origination volume, the fair value of MSRs and other financial instruments, the value of the pension liability and other items affecting earnings.
We assess interest rate risk by comparing our most likely earnings plan with various earnings simulations using many interest rate scenarios that differ in the direction of interest rate changes, the degree of change over time, the speed of change and the projected shape of the yield curve. For example, as of June 30, 2008, our most recent simulation indicated estimated earnings at risk of approximately 6.2% of our most likely earnings plan over the next 12 months using a scenario in which the federal funds rate rises 350 basis points to 5.50% and the 10-year Constant Maturity Treasury bond yield rises 126 basis points to 5.25%. Simulation estimates depend on, and will change with, the size and mix of our actual and projected balance sheet at the time of each simulation. Due to timing differences between the quarterly valuation of MSRs and the eventual impact of interest rates on mortgage banking volumes, earnings at risk in any particular quarter could be higher than the average earnings at risk over the 12-month simulation period, depending on the path of interest rates and on our hedging strategies for MSRs. See “Mortgage Banking Interest Rate and Market Risk” below.
We use exchange-traded and over-the-counter interest rate derivatives to hedge our interest rate exposures. The credit risk amount and estimated net fair value of these derivatives as of June 30, 2008, and December 31, 2007, are presented in Note 12 (Derivatives) to Financial Statements in this Report. We use derivatives for asset/liability management in three main ways:
  to convert a major portion of our long-term fixed-rate debt, which we issue to finance the Company, from fixed-rate payments to floating-rate payments by entering into receive-fixed swaps;
  to convert the cash flows from selected asset and/or liability instruments/portfolios from fixed-rate payments to floating-rate payments or vice versa; and
  to hedge our mortgage origination pipeline, funded mortgage loans, MSRs and other interests held using interest rate swaps, swaptions, futures, forwards and options.
Mortgage Banking Interest Rate and Market Risk
We originate, fund and service mortgage loans, which subjects us to various risks, including credit, liquidity and interest rate risks. Based on market conditions and other factors, we may reduce unwanted credit and liquidity risks by selling or securitizing some or all of the long-term fixed-rate mortgage loans and ARMs we originate. From time to time, we hold originated ARMs and fixed-rate mortgage loans in our loan portfolio as an investment for our growing base of core deposits. We determine whether the loans will be held for investment or held for sale at the time of commitment. We may subsequently change our intent to hold loans for investment and sell some or all of our ARMs or fixed-rate mortgage loans as part of our corporate asset/liability management. We may also acquire and add to our securities available for sale a portion of the securities issued at the time we securitize mortgages held for sale.
Interest rate and market risk can be substantial in the mortgage business. Changes in interest rates may potentially impact total origination and servicing fees, the value of our residential MSRs measured at fair value, the value of mortgages held for sale (MHFS) and the associated income and loss reflected in mortgage banking noninterest income, the income and expense associated with instruments (economic hedges) used to hedge changes in the fair value of

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residential MSRs, new prime residential MHFS, other interests held and the value of derivative loan commitments (interest rate “locks”) extended to mortgage applicants.
Interest rates impact the amount and timing of origination and servicing fees because consumer demand for new mortgages and the level of refinancing activity are sensitive to changes in mortgage interest rates. Typically, a decline in mortgage interest rates will lead to an increase in mortgage originations and fees and may also lead to an increase in servicing fee income, depending on the level of new loans added to the servicing portfolio and prepayments. Given the time it takes for consumer behavior to fully react to interest rate changes, as well as the time required for processing a new application, providing the commitment, and securitizing and selling the loan, interest rate changes will impact origination and servicing fees with a lag. The amount and timing of the impact on origination and servicing fees will depend on the magnitude, speed and duration of the change in interest rates.
Under FAS 159 we elected to measure MHFS at fair value prospectively for new prime MHFS originations for which an active secondary market and readily available market prices generally exist to reliably support fair value pricing models used for these loans. We also elected to measure at fair value certain of our other interests held related to residential loan sales and securitizations. We believe that the election for new prime MHFS and other interests held (which are now hedged with free-standing derivatives (economic hedges) along with our MSRs) will reduce certain timing differences and better match changes in the value of these assets with changes in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges for these assets. During second quarter 2008, in response to continued secondary market illiquidity, we decided to originate certain prime non-agency loans to be held for investment for the foreseeable future rather than to be held for sale. Loan origination fees are recorded when earned, and related direct loan origination costs and fees are recognized when incurred.
Under FAS 156 we elected to use the fair value measurement method to initially measure and carry our residential MSRs, which represent substantially all of our MSRs. Under this method, the MSRs are recorded at fair value at the time we sell or securitize the related mortgage loans. The carrying value of MSRs reflects changes in fair value at the end of each quarter and changes are included in net servicing income, a component of mortgage banking noninterest income. If the fair value of the MSRs increases, income is recognized; if the fair value of the MSRs decreases, a loss is recognized. We use a dynamic and sophisticated model to estimate the fair value of our MSRs and periodically benchmark our estimates to independent appraisals. While the valuation of MSRs can be highly subjective and involve complex judgments by management about matters that are inherently unpredictable, changes in interest rates influence a variety of significant assumptions included in the periodic valuation of MSRs. Assumptions affected include prepayment speed, expected returns and potential risks on the servicing asset portfolio, the value of escrow balances and other servicing valuation elements impacted by interest rates.
A decline in interest rates generally increases the propensity for refinancing, reduces the expected duration of the servicing portfolio and therefore reduces the estimated fair value of MSRs. This reduction in fair value causes a charge to income (net of any gains on free-standing derivatives (economic hedges) used to hedge MSRs). We may choose not to fully hedge all of the potential decline in the value of our MSRs resulting from a decline in interest rates because the potential increase in origination/servicing fees in that scenario provides a partial “natural business hedge.” An increase in interest rates generally reduces the propensity for refinancing,

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increases the expected duration of the servicing portfolio and therefore increases the estimated fair value of the MSRs. However, an increase in interest rates can also reduce mortgage loan demand and therefore reduces origination income. In second quarter 2008, a $4.13 billion increase in the fair value of our MSRs and $4.20 billion of losses on the free-standing derivatives used to hedge the MSRs, resulted in a net loss of $65 million.
Hedging the various sources of interest rate risk in mortgage banking is a complex process that requires sophisticated modeling and constant monitoring. While we attempt to balance these various aspects of the mortgage business, there are several potential risks to earnings:
  MSRs valuation changes associated with interest rate changes are recorded in earnings immediately within the accounting period in which those interest rate changes occur, whereas the impact of those same changes in interest rates on origination and servicing fees occur with a lag and over time. Thus, the mortgage business could be protected from adverse changes in interest rates over a period of time on a cumulative basis but still display large variations in income from one accounting period to the next.
  The degree to which the “natural business hedge” offsets changes in MSRs valuations is imperfect, varies at different points in the interest rate cycle, and depends not just on the direction of interest rates but on the pattern of quarterly interest rate changes.
  Origination volumes, the valuation of MSRs and hedging results and associated costs are also impacted by many factors. Such factors include the mix of new business between ARMs and fixed-rated mortgages, the relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates, the degree of volatility in interest rates, the relationship between mortgage interest rates and other interest rate markets, and other interest rate factors. Many of these factors are hard to predict and we may not be able to directly or perfectly hedge their effect.
  While our hedging activities are designed to balance our mortgage banking interest rate risks, the financial instruments we use may not perfectly correlate with the values and income being hedged. For example, the change in the value of ARMs production held for sale from changes in mortgage interest rates may or may not be fully offset by Treasury and LIBOR index-based financial instruments used as economic hedges for such ARMs.
The total carrying value of our residential and commercial MSRs was $19.8 billion at June 30, 2008, and $17.2 billion at December 31, 2007. The weighted-average note rate on the owned servicing portfolio was 6.00% at June 30, 2008, and 6.01% at December 31, 2007. Our total MSRs were 1.37% of mortgage loans serviced for others at June 30, 2008, compared with 1.20% at December 31, 2007.
As part of our mortgage banking activities, we enter into commitments to fund residential mortgage loans at specified times in the future. A mortgage loan commitment is an interest rate lock that binds us to lend funds to a potential borrower at a specified interest rate and within a specified period of time, generally up to 60 days after inception of the rate lock. These loan commitments are derivative loan commitments if the loans that will result from the exercise of the commitments will be held for sale. These derivative loan commitments are recognized at fair value in the balance sheet with changes in their fair values recorded as part of mortgage banking noninterest income. For interest rate lock commitments issued prior to January 1, 2008, we recorded a zero fair value for the derivative loan commitment at inception consistent with SAB 105. Effective January 1, 2008, we were required by SAB 109 to include, at inception and during the life of the loan commitment, the expected net future cash flows related to the associated servicing of the loan as part of the fair value measurement of derivative loan commitments. The

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implementation of SAB 109 did not have a material impact on our results or the valuation of our loan commitments. Changes subsequent to inception are based on changes in fair value of the underlying loan resulting from the exercise of the commitment and changes in the probability that the loan will not fund within the terms of the commitment (referred to as a fall-out factor). The value of the underlying loan commitment is affected primarily by changes in interest rates and the passage of time.
Outstanding derivative loan commitments expose us to the risk that the price of the mortgage loans underlying the commitments might decline due to increases in mortgage interest rates from inception of the rate lock to the funding of the loan. To minimize this risk, we utilize forwards and options, Eurodollar futures and options, and Treasury futures, forwards and options contracts as economic hedges against the potential decreases in the values of the loans. We expect that these derivative financial instruments will experience changes in fair value that will either fully or partially offset the changes in fair value of the derivative loan commitments. However, changes in investor demand, such as concerns about credit risk, can also cause changes in the spread relationships between underlying loan value and the derivative financial instruments that cannot be hedged.
Market Risk — Trading Activities
From a market risk perspective, our net income is exposed to changes in interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates, equity and commodity prices and their implied volatilities. The primary purpose of our trading businesses is to accommodate customers in the management of their market price risks. Also, we take positions based on market expectations or to benefit from price differences between financial instruments and markets, subject to risk limits established and monitored by Corporate ALCO. All securities, foreign exchange transactions, commodity transactions and derivatives used in our trading businesses are carried at fair value. The Institutional Risk Committee establishes and monitors counterparty risk limits. The credit risk amount and estimated net fair value of all customer accommodation derivatives at June 30, 2008, and December 31, 2007, are included in Note 12 (Derivatives) to Financial Statements in this Report. Open, “at risk” positions for all trading business are monitored by Corporate ALCO.
The standardized approach for monitoring and reporting market risk for the trading activities consists of value-at-risk (VAR) metrics complemented with factor analysis and stress testing. VAR measures the worst expected loss over a given time interval and within a given confidence interval. We measure and report daily VAR at a 99% confidence interval based on actual changes in rates and prices over the past 250 trading days. The analysis captures all financial instruments that are considered trading positions. The average one-day VAR throughout second quarter 2008 was $15 million, with a lower bound of $10 million and an upper bound of $22 million.
Market Risk — Equity Markets
We are directly and indirectly affected by changes in the equity markets. We make and manage direct equity investments in start-up businesses, emerging growth companies, management buy-outs, acquisitions and corporate recapitalizations. We also invest in non-affiliated funds that make similar private equity investments. These private equity investments are made within capital allocations approved by management and the Board of Directors (the Board). The

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Board’s policy is to review business developments, key risks and historical returns for the private equity investment portfolio at least annually. Management reviews these investments at least quarterly and assesses them for possible other-than-temporary impairment. For nonmarketable investments, the analysis is based on facts and circumstances of each individual investment and the expectations for that investment’s cash flows and capital needs, the viability of its business model and our exit strategy. Private equity investments totaled $2.20 billion at June 30, 2008, and $2.02 billion at December 31, 2007.
We also have marketable equity securities in the securities available-for-sale portfolio, including common stock, perpetual preferred securities, and securities relating to our venture capital activities. We manage these securities within investment risk limits approved by management and the Board and monitored by Corporate ALCO. Gains and losses on these securities are recognized in net income when realized and periodically include other-than-temporary impairment charges, which are recorded when identified. The fair value of marketable equity securities was $3.67 billion and cost was $4.20 billion at June 30, 2008, and $2.78 billion and $2.88 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2007. (For additional detail, see “Balance Sheet Analysis — Securities Available for Sale” in this Report.)
Changes in equity market prices may also indirectly affect our net income by affecting (1) the value of third party assets under management and, hence, fee income, (2) particular borrowers, whose ability to repay principal and/or interest may be affected by the stock market, or (3) brokerage activity, related commission income and other business activities. Each business line monitors and manages these indirect risks.
Liquidity and Funding
The objective of effective liquidity management is to ensure that we can meet customer loan requests, customer deposit maturities/withdrawals and other cash commitments efficiently under both normal operating conditions and under unpredictable circumstances of industry or market stress. To achieve this objective, Corporate ALCO establishes and monitors liquidity guidelines that require sufficient asset-based liquidity to cover potential funding requirements and to avoid over-dependence on volatile, less reliable funding markets. We set these guidelines for both the consolidated balance sheet and for the Parent to ensure that the Parent is a source of strength for its regulated, deposit-taking banking subsidiaries.
Debt securities in the securities available-for-sale portfolio provide asset liquidity, in addition to the immediately liquid resources of cash and due from banks and federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments. Asset liquidity is further enhanced by our ability to sell or securitize loans in secondary markets through whole-loan sales and securitizations.
Core customer deposits have historically provided a sizeable source of relatively stable and low-cost funds. Additional funding is provided by long-term debt (including trust preferred securities), other foreign deposits and short-term borrowings (federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements, commercial paper and other short-term borrowings).
Liquidity is also available through our ability to raise funds in a variety of domestic and international money and capital markets. We access capital markets for long-term funding

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through issuances of registered debt securities, private placements and asset-backed secured funding. Rating agencies base their ratings on many quantitative and qualitative factors, including capital adequacy, liquidity, asset quality, business mix, and level and quality of earnings. Moody’s Investors Service rates Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. as “Aaa,” its highest investment grade, and rates the Company’s senior debt as “Aa1.” Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services rates Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. as “AAA” and the Company’s senior debt rating as “AA+.” Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. is the only U.S. bank to have the highest possible credit rating from both Moody’s and S&P.
Parent. Under SEC rules, the Parent is classified as a “well-known seasoned issuer,” which allows it to file a registration statement that does not have a limit on issuance capacity. “Well-known seasoned issuers” generally include those companies with a public float of common equity of at least $700 million or those companies that have issued at least $1 billion in aggregate principal amount of non-convertible securities, other than common equity, in the last three years. In June 2006, the Parent’s registration statement with the SEC for issuance of senior and subordinated notes, preferred stock and other securities became effective. However, the Parent’s ability to issue debt and other securities under this registration statement is limited by the debt issuance authority granted by the Board. The Parent is currently authorized by the Board to issue $30 billion in outstanding short-term debt and $105 billion in outstanding long-term debt, subject to a total outstanding debt limit of $135 billion. During the first half of 2008, the Parent issued a total of $6.5 billion of registered senior notes. The Parent also issued capital securities in the form of $4.1 billion in junior subordinated debt to statutory business trusts formed by the Parent, which, in turn, issued trust preferred and perpetual preferred purchase securities. We used the proceeds from securities issued in the first half of 2008 for general corporate purposes and expect that the proceeds from securities issued in the future will also be used for general corporate purposes. On May 1, 2008, the Parent remarketed $2.9 billion aggregate original principal amount of its Floating Rate Convertible Senior Debentures (the Debentures) due 2033. Following the remarketing, the Debentures are no longer convertible, and the principal amount of the Debentures will accrete at a rate of 3.55175% per annum, commencing May 1, 2008. Net proceeds of the remarketing will be paid to holders of the Debentures that elected to participate in the remarketing. The Parent also issues commercial paper from time to time, subject to its short-term debt limit.
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. is authorized by its board of directors to issue $50 billion in outstanding short-term debt and $50 billion in outstanding long-term debt. In December 2007, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. established a $100 billion bank note program under which, subject to any other debt outstanding under the limits described above, it may issue $50 billion in outstanding short-term senior notes and $50 billion in long-term senior or subordinated notes. Securities are issued under this program as private placements in accordance with Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) regulations. In the first half of 2008, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. issued $23.8 billion in short-term senior notes.
Wells Fargo Financial. In February 2008, Wells Fargo Financial Canada Corporation (WFFCC), an indirect wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary of the Parent, qualified with the Canadian provincial securities commissions CAD$7.0 billion of medium-term notes for distribution from time to time in Canada. In the first half of 2008, WFFCC issued CAD$500 million in medium-term notes, leaving CAD$6.5 billion available for future issuance. All medium-term notes issued by WFFCC are unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent.

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CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
We have an active program for managing stockholder capital. We use capital to fund organic growth, acquire banks and other financial services companies, pay dividends and repurchase our shares. Our objective is to produce above-market long-term returns by opportunistically using capital when returns are perceived to be high and issuing/accumulating capital when such costs are perceived to be low.
From time to time the Board of Directors authorizes the Company to repurchase shares of our common stock. Although we announce when the Board authorizes share repurchases, we typically do not give any public notice before we repurchase our shares. Various factors determine the amount and timing of our share repurchases, including our capital requirements, the number of shares we expect to issue for acquisitions and employee benefit plans, market conditions (including the trading price of our stock), and legal considerations. These factors can change at any time, and there can be no assurance as to the number of shares we will repurchase or when we will repurchase them.
Historically, our policy has been to repurchase shares under the “safe harbor” conditions of Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act including a limitation on the daily volume of repurchases. Rule 10b-18 imposes an additional daily volume limitation on share repurchases during a pending merger or acquisition in which shares of our stock will constitute some or all of the consideration. Our management may determine that during a pending stock merger or acquisition when the safe harbor would otherwise be available, it is in our best interest to repurchase shares in excess of this additional daily volume limitation. In such cases, we intend to repurchase shares in compliance with the other conditions of the safe harbor, including the standing daily volume limitation that applies whether or not there is a pending stock merger or acquisition.
In 2007, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to 200 million additional shares of our outstanding common stock. During the first half of 2008, we repurchased approximately 17 million shares of our common stock, all from our employee benefit plans. In the first half of 2008, we issued approximately 32 million shares of common stock (including shares issued for our ESOP plan) under various employee benefit and director plans and under our dividend reinvestment and direct stock repurchase programs. At June 30, 2008, the total remaining common stock repurchase authority was approximately 24 million shares. (For additional information regarding share repurchases and repurchase authorizations, see Part II Item 2 of this Report.) The Board of Directors approved a 10% increase in our common stock dividend to $0.34 per share for third quarter 2008 from $0.31 per share for second quarter 2008.
Our potential sources of capital include retained earnings and issuances of common and preferred stock. In the first half of 2008, retained earnings increased $1.6 billion, predominantly resulting from net income of $3.8 billion, less dividends of $2.1 billion. In the first half of 2008, we issued $856 million of common stock under various employee benefit and director plans.
At June 30, 2008, the Company and each of our subsidiary banks were “well capitalized” under the applicable regulatory capital adequacy guidelines. For additional information see Note 19 (Regulatory and Agency Capital Requirements) to Financial Statements in this Report.

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RISK FACTORS
An investment in the Company has risk. In addition, in accordance with the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, we caution you that actual results may differ from forward-looking statements about our future financial and business performance contained in this Report and other reports we file with the SEC and in other Company communications. In this Report we make forward-looking statements that we expect or believe:
  the Home Equity and unsecured retail loan portfolios will experience higher losses;
  the adoption of FAS 161 will not affect our consolidated financial statements;
  the adoption of the ASF Framework will not affect the off-balance sheet accounting treatment of the QSPEs that hold subprime ARM loans;
  the amount of nonaccrual loans will change due to portfolio growth, portfolio seasoning, routine problem loan recognition and resolution through collections, sales or charge-offs;
  increased economic stress will place additional pressure on any portfolio closely tied to the consumer;
  the election to measure at fair value new prime MHFS and other interests held will reduce certain timing differences and better match changes in the value of these assets with changes in the value of derivatives used to hedge these assets;
  changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments used to hedge derivative loan commitments will fully or partially offset changes in the fair value of such commitments;
  proceeds of securities issued in the future will be used for general corporate purposes;
  one pending business combination transaction will close in fourth quarter 2008;
  our investments in entities formed to invest in affordable housing and sustainable energy projects will be recovered over time through realization of federal tax credits;
  the amount of any additional consideration that may be payable in connection with previous acquisitions will not be significant to our financial statements; and
  $41 million of deferred net gains on derivatives in other comprehensive income at June 30, 2008, will be reclassified as earnings in the next 12 months.
This Report includes various statements about the estimated impact on our earnings from simulated changes in interest rates and on expected losses in our loan portfolio from assumed changes in loan credit quality. This Report also includes the statement that we believe the allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2008, was adequate to cover credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments. There is no assurance that our allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2008, will be sufficient to cover future credit losses. As described below and elsewhere in this Report and in our 2007 Form 10-K, increases in loan charge-offs, changes in the allowance for credit losses or the related provision expense, or other effects of credit deterioration after June 30, 2008, could have a material negative effect on net income.
This Report also includes various statements about the evaluation for other-than-temporary impairment of securities held in our available-for-sale portfolio, including certain perpetual preferred securities. Given the continued disruption in the capital markets and the recent adverse developments affecting perpetual preferred securities, we may be required to recognize other-than-temporary impairment in future periods with respect to these and other securities held in our available-for-sale portfolio. The amount and timing of any impairment recognized will depend on the severity and duration of the decline in fair value of the securities and our estimation of the anticipated recovery period. Refer to “Balance Sheet Analysis — Securities Available for Sale”

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and Note 4 (Securities Available for Sale) to Financial Statements in this Report for more information.
Factors that could cause our financial results and condition to vary significantly from quarter to quarter or cause actual results to differ from our expectations for our future financial and business performance include:
  lower or negative revenue growth because of our inability to cross-sell more products to our existing customers;
  decreased demand for our products and services and lower revenue and earnings because of an economic recession;
  reduced fee income from our brokerage and asset management businesses because of a fall in stock market prices;
  lower net interest margin, decreased mortgage loan originations and reductions in the value of our MSRs and MHFS because of changes in interest rates;
  increased funding costs due to market illiquidity and increased competition for funding;
  the election to provide capital support to our mutual funds relating to investments in credit products;
  reduced earnings due to higher credit losses generally and specifically because:
 
¡
losses in our residential real estate loan portfolio (including home equity) are greater than expected due to economic factors, including declining home values, increasing interest rates, increasing unemployment, or changes in payment behavior, or other factors; and/or
 
¡
our loans are concentrated by loan type, industry segment, borrower type, or location of the borrower or collateral;
  higher credit losses because of federal or state legislation or regulatory action that reduces the amount that our borrowers are required to pay us;
  higher credit losses because of federal or state legislation or regulatory action that limits our ability to foreclose on properties or other collateral or makes foreclosure less economically feasible;
  changes to our allowance for credit losses following periodic examinations by our banking regulators;
  negative effect on our servicing and investment portfolios because of financial difficulties or credit downgrades of mortgage and bond issuers;
  reduced earnings because we write-down the carrying value of securities held in our securities available-for-sale portfolio following a determination that the securities are other-than-temporarily impaired;
  reduced earnings because of changes in the value of our venture capital investments;
  changes in our accounting policies or in accounting standards, and changes in how accounting standards are interpreted or applied;
  reduced earnings because actual returns on our pension plan assets are lower than expected, resulting in an increase in future net periodic benefit expense;
  reduced earnings from not realizing the expected benefits of acquisitions or from unexpected difficulties integrating acquisitions;
  reduced earnings because of the inability or unwillingness of counterparties to perform their obligations with respect to derivative financial instruments;
  federal and state regulations;
  reputational damage from negative publicity;

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  fines, penalties and other negative consequences from regulatory violations, even inadvertent or unintentional violations;
  the loss of checking and saving account deposits to alternative investments such as the stock market and higher-yielding fixed income investments; and
  fiscal and monetary policies of the Federal Reserve Board.
Refer to our 2007 Form 10-K, including “Risk Factors,” for more information about these factors. Refer also to this Report, including the discussion under “Risk Management” in the Financial Review section, for additional risk factors and other information that may supplement or modify the discussion of risk factors in our 2007 Form 10-K.
As described in our 2007 Form 10-K under “Regulation and Supervision — Deposit Insurance Assessments,” our bank subsidiaries, including Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., are members of the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF). The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) uses the DIF to cover insured deposits in the event of a bank failure, and maintains the fund by assessing member banks an insurance premium. Recent and future bank failures may cause the DIF to fall below the minimum balance required by law, forcing the FDIC to rebuild the fund by raising the insurance premiums assessed member banks. Depending on the frequency and severity of the bank failures, the increase in premiums could be significant and negatively affect our earnings.

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CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by SEC rules, the Company’s management evaluated the effectiveness, as of June 30, 2008, of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. The Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer participated in the evaluation. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2008.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and includes those policies and procedures that:
  pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of the company;
  provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and
  provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. No change occurred during second quarter 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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WELLS FARGO & COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
                                 
   
    Quarter ended June 30 ,   Six months ended June 30 ,
(in millions, except per share amounts)   2008     2007     2008     2007  
   

INTEREST INCOME

                               
Trading assets
  $ 38     $ 47     $ 85     $ 100  
Securities available for sale
    1,224       752       2,356       1,438  
Mortgages held for sale
    423       578       817       1,108  
Loans held for sale
    10       17       22       32  
Loans
    6,806       7,100       14,018       13,864  
Other interest income
    46       79       98       170  
 
                       
Total interest income
    8,547       8,573       17,396       16,712  
 
                       

INTEREST EXPENSE

                               
Deposits
    1,063       1,941       2,657       3,798  
Short-term borrowings
    357       265       782       401  
Long-term debt
    849       1,171       1,919       2,307  
 
                       
Total interest expense
    2,269       3,377       5,358       6,506  
 
                       

NET INTEREST INCOME

    6,278       5,196       12,038       10,206  
Provision for credit losses
    3,012       720       5,040       1,435  
 
                       
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
    3,266       4,476       6,998       8,771  
 
                       

NONINTEREST INCOME

                               
Service charges on deposit accounts
    800       740       1,548       1,425  
Trust and investment fees
    762       839       1,525       1,570  
Card fees
    588       517       1,146       987  
Other fees
    511       638       1,010       1,149  
Mortgage banking
    1,197       689       1,828       1,479  
Operating leases
    120       187       263       379  
Insurance
    550       432       1,054       831  
Net gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale
    (91 )     (42 )     232       (11 )
Net gains from equity investments
    46       242       359       339  
Other
    698       453       1,019       978  
 
                       
Total noninterest income
    5,181       4,695       9,984       9,126  
 
                       

NONINTEREST EXPENSE

                               
Salaries
    2,030       1,907       4,014       3,774  
Incentive compensation
    806       900       1,450       1,642  
Employee benefits
    593       581       1,180       1,246  
Equipment
    305       292       653       629  
Net occupancy
    400       369       799       734  
Operating leases
    102       148       218       301  
Other
    1,624       1,530       3,008       2,927  
 
                       
Total noninterest expense
    5,860       5,727       11,322       11,253  
 
                       

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE

    2,587       3,444       5,660       6,644  
Income tax expense
    834       1,165       1,908       2,121  
 
                       

NET INCOME

  $ 1,753     $ 2,279     $ 3,752     $ 4,523  
 
                       

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

  $ 0.53     $ 0.68     $ 1.13     $ 1.34  

DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

  $ 0.53     $ 0.67     $ 1.13     $ 1.33  

DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE

  $ 0.31     $ 0.28     $ 0.62     $ 0.56  

Average common shares outstanding

    3,309.8       3,351.2       3,306.1       3,363.5  
Diluted average common shares outstanding
    3,321.4       3,389.3       3,319.6       3,402.5  
   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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WELLS FARGO & COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
                         
   
    June 30 ,   December 31 ,   June 30 ,
(in millions, except shares)   2008     2007     2007  
   

ASSETS

                       
Cash and due from banks
  $ 13,610     $ 14,757     $ 12,714  
Federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments
    4,088       2,754       5,163  
Trading assets
    9,681       7,727       7,289  
Securities available for sale
    91,331       72,951       72,179  
Mortgages held for sale (includes $22,940, $24,998 and $30,175 carried at fair value)
    25,234       26,815       34,580  
Loans held for sale
    680       948       887  

Loans

    399,237       382,195       342,800  
Allowance for loan losses
    (7,375 )     (5,307 )     (3,820 )
 
                 
Net loans
    391,862       376,888       338,980  
 
                 

Mortgage servicing rights:

                       
Measured at fair value (residential MSRs)
    19,333       16,763       18,733  
Amortized
    442       466       418  
Premises and equipment, net
    5,033       5,122       4,973  
Goodwill
    13,191       13,106       11,983  
Other assets
    34,589       37,145       31,966  
 
                 

Total assets

  $ 609,074     $ 575,442     $ 539,865  
 
                 

LIABILITIES

                       
Noninterest-bearing deposits
  $ 85,062     $ 84,348     $ 89,809  
Interest-bearing deposits
    254,062       260,112       234,934  
 
                 
Total deposits
    339,124       344,460       324,743  
Short-term borrowings
    86,139       53,255       40,838  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
    31,919       30,706       33,215  
Long-term debt
    103,928       99,393       93,830  
 
                 

Total liabilities

    561,110       527,814       492,626  
 
                 

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

                       
Preferred stock
    723       450       637  
Common stock — $1-2/3 par value, authorized 6,000,000,000 shares; issued 3,472,762,050 shares
    5,788       5,788       5,788  
Additional paid-in capital
    8,266       8,212       8,027  
Retained earnings
    40,534       38,970       37,603  
Cumulative other comprehensive income (loss)
    (1,060 )     725       (236 )
Treasury stock — 160,801,351 shares, 175,659,842 shares and 110,551,965 shares
    (5,516 )     (6,035 )     (3,898 )
Unearned ESOP shares
    (771 )     (482 )     (682 )
 
                 

Total stockholders’ equity

    47,964       47,628       47,239  
 
                 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  $ 609,074     $ 575,442     $ 539,865  
 
                 
   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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WELLS FARGO & COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
                                                                         
   
                                            Cumulative                      
                            Additional             other             Unearned     Total  
    Number of     Preferred     Common     paid-in     Retained     comprehensive     Treasury     ESOP     stockholders’  
(in millions, except shares)   common shares     stock     stock     capital     earnings     income     stock     shares     equity  
   

BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 2006

    3,377,149,861     $ 384     $ 5,788     $ 7,739     $ 35,215     $ 302     $ (3,203 )   $ (411 )   $ 45,814  
 
                                                     
Cumulative effect of adoption of FSP13-2
                                    (71 )                             (71 )
 
                                                                   
BALANCE JANUARY 1, 2007
    3,377,149,861       384       5,788       7,739       35,144       302       (3,203 )     (411 )     45,743  
 
                                                     
Comprehensive income:
                                                                       
Net income
                                    4,523                               4,523  
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
                                                                       
Translation adjustments
                                            12                       12  
Net unrealized losses on securities available for sale and other interests held, net of reclassification of $16 million of net gains included in net income
                                            (533 )                     (533 )
Net unrealized losses on derivatives and hedging activities, net of reclassification of $50 million of net gains on cash flow hedges included in net income
                                            (29 )                     (29 )
Defined benefit pension plans:
                                                                       
Amortization of actuarial loss and prior service cost included in net income
                                            12                       12  
 
                                                                     
Total comprehensive income
                                                                    3,985  
Common stock issued
    38,031,618                       (49 )     (179 )             1,223               995  
Common stock issued for acquisitions
    17,705,418                       65                       581               646  
Common stock repurchased
    (77,290,465 )                                             (2,689 )             (2,689 )
Preferred stock (484,000) issued to ESOP
            484               34                               (518 )      
Preferred stock released to ESOP
                            (16 )                             247       231  
Preferred stock (230,335) converted to common shares
    6,613,653       (231 )             15                       216                
Common stock dividends
                                    (1,885 )                             (1,885 )
Tax benefit upon exercise of stock options
                            127                                       127  
Stock option compensation expense
                            83                                       83  
Net change in deferred compensation and related plans
                            29                       (26 )             3  
 
                                                     
Net change
    (14,939,776 )     253             288       2,459       (538 )     (695 )     (271 )     1,496  
 
                                                     
BALANCE JUNE 30, 2007
    3,362,210,085     $ 637     $ 5,788     $ 8,027     $ 37,603     $ (236 )   $ (3,898 )   $ (682 )   $ 47,239  
 
                                                     
BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 2007
    3,297,102,208     $ 450     $ 5,788     $ 8,212     $ 38,970     $ 725     $ (6,035 )   $ (482 )   $ 47,628  
 
                                                     
Cumulative effect of adoption of EITF 06-4 and EITF 06-10
                                    (20 )                             (20 )
FAS 158 change of measurement date
                                    (8 )                             (8 )
 
                                                                   
BALANCE JANUARY 1, 2008
    3,297,102,208       450       5,788       8,212       38,942       725       (6,035 )     (482 )     47,600  
 
                                                     
Comprehensive income
                                                                       
Net income
                                    3,752                               3,752  
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
                                                                       
Translation adjustments
                                            (6 )                     (6 )
Net unrealized losses on securities available for sale and other interests held, net of reclassification of $141 million of net gains included in net income
                                            (1,732 )                     (1,732 )
Net unrealized losses on derivatives and hedging activities, net of reclassification of $71 million of net gains on cash flow hedges included in net income
                                            (49 )                     (49 )
Defined benefit pension plans:
                                                                       
Amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service cost included in net income
                                            2                       2  
 
                                                                     
Total comprehensive income
                                                                    1,967  
Common stock issued
    22,714,143                       (25 )     (110 )             743               608  
Common stock repurchased
    (17,141,540 )                                             (520 )             (520 )
Preferred stock (520,500) issued to ESOP
            521               30                               (551 )      
Preferred stock released to ESOP
                            (14 )                             262       248  
Preferred stock (246,983) converted to common shares
    9,285,888       (248 )             (56 )                     304                
Common stock dividends
                                    (2,050 )                             (2,050 )
Tax benefit upon exercise of stock options
                            19                                       19  
Stock option compensation expense
                            103                                       103  
Net change in deferred compensation and related plans
                            18                       (8 )             10  
Other
                            (21 )                                     (21 )
 
                                                     
Net change
    14,858,491       273             54       1,592       (1,785 )     519       (289 )     364  
 
                                                     

BALANCE JUNE 30, 2008

    3,311,960,699     $ 723     $ 5,788     $ 8,266     $ 40,534     $ (1,060 )   $ (5,516 )   $ (771 )   $ 47,964  
 
                                                     
   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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WELLS FARGO & COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
                 
   
    Six months ended June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007  
   

Cash flows from operating activities:

               
Net income
  $ 3,752     $ 4,523  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Provision for credit losses
    5,040       1,435  
Changes in fair value of MSRs (residential) and MHFS carried at fair value
    (1,763 )     (528 )
Depreciation and amortization
    748       764  
Other net gains
    (588 )     (1,451 )
Preferred shares released to ESOP
    248       231  
Stock option compensation expense
    103       83  
Excess tax benefits related to stock option payments
    (19 )     (117 )
Originations of MHFS
    (116,407 )     (121,669 )
Proceeds from sales of and principal collected on mortgages originated for sale
    118,478       117,527  
Net change in:
               
Trading assets
    (1,954 )     (1,682 )
Loans originated for sale
    (144 )     (161 )
Deferred income taxes
    205       459  
Accrued interest receivable
    183       (259 )
Accrued interest payable
    (205 )     (90 )
Other assets, net
    2,474       321  
Other accrued expenses and liabilities, net
    2,590       7,660  
 
           

Net cash provided by operating activities

    12,741       7,046  
 
           

Cash flows from investing activities:

               
Net change in:
               
Federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments
    (1,334 )     922  
Securities available for sale:
               
Sales proceeds
    21,106       8,363  
Prepayments and maturities
    10,427       4,601  
Purchases
    (52,197 )     (43,162 )
Loans:
               
Increase in banking subsidiaries’ loan originations, net of collections
    (17,592 )     (17,430 )
Proceeds from sales (including participations) of loans originated for investment by banking subsidiaries
    1,556       1,640  
Purchases (including participations) of loans by banking subsidiaries
    (5,956 )     (2,679 )
Principal collected on nonbank entities’ loans
    11,727       11,711  
Loans originated by nonbank entities
    (10,127 )     (13,171 )
Net cash paid for acquisitions
    (386 )     (2,825 )
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed assets
    877       677  
Changes in MSRs from purchases and sales
    130       1,066  
Other, net
    (244 )     (2,222 )
 
           

Net cash used by investing activities

    (42,013 )     (52,509 )
 
           

Cash flows from financing activities:

               
Net change in:
               
Deposits
    (5,336 )     12,741  
Short-term borrowings
    32,884       27,869  
Long-term debt:
               
Proceeds from issuance
    12,483       14,905  
Repayment
    (9,963 )     (8,643 )
Common stock:
               
Proceeds from issuance
    608       995  
Repurchased
    (520 )     (2,689 )
Cash dividends paid
    (2,050 )     (1,885 )
Excess tax benefits related to stock option payments
    19       117  
Other, net
          (261 )
 
           

Net cash provided by financing activities

    28,125       43,149  
 
           

Net change in cash and due from banks

    (1,147 )     (2,314 )

Cash and due from banks at beginning of period

    14,757       15,028  
 
           

Cash and due from banks at end of period

  $ 13,610     $ 12,714  
 
           

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

               
Cash paid during the period for:
               
Interest
  $ 5,563     $ 6,596  
Income taxes
    2,385       1,646  
Noncash investing and financing activities:
               
Net transfers from loans held for sale to loans
  $ 412     $  
Transfers from MHFS to securities available for sale
    268        
Transfers from MHFS to loans
    235       1,514  
Transfers from MHFS to MSRs
    1,800       1,878  
Transfers from loans to foreclosed assets
    1,403       1,225  
   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Wells Fargo & Company is a diversified financial services company. We provide banking, insurance, investments, mortgage banking and consumer finance through banking stores, the internet and other distribution channels to consumers, businesses and institutions in all 50 states of the U.S. and in other countries. When we refer to “the Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” in this Form 10-Q, we mean Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries (consolidated). Wells Fargo & Company (the Parent) is a financial holding company and a bank holding company.
Our accounting and reporting policies conform with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and practices in the financial services industry. To prepare the financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and income and expenses during the reporting period.
The information furnished in these unaudited interim statements reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, unless otherwise disclosed in this Form 10-Q. The results of operations in the interim statements do not necessarily indicate the results that may be expected for the full year. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 (2007 Form 10-K).
On January 1, 2008, we adopted the following new accounting pronouncements:
  FSP FIN 39-1 — Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Staff Position on Interpretation No. 39, Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39;
  EITF 06-4 — Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 06-4, Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements;
  EITF 06-10 — EITF Issue No. 06-10, Accounting for Collateral Assignment Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements; and
  SAB 109 — Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 109, Written Loan Commitments Recorded at Fair Value Through Earnings.
On April 30, 2007, the FASB issued FSP FIN 39-1, which amends Interpretation No. 39 to permit a reporting entity to offset the right to reclaim cash collateral (a receivable), or the obligation to return cash collateral (a payable), against derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangement. The provisions of this FSP are effective for the year beginning on January 1, 2008, with early adoption permitted. We adopted FSP FIN 39-1 on January 1, 2008, and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
On September 20, 2006, the FASB ratified the consensus reached by the EITF at its September 7, 2006, meeting with respect to EITF 06-4. On March 28, 2007, the FASB ratified the consensus reached by the EITF at its March 15, 2007, meeting with respect to EITF 06-10. These pronouncements require that for endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements and

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collateral split-dollar life insurance arrangements where the employee is provided benefits in postretirement periods, the employer should recognize the cost of providing that insurance over the employee’s service period by accruing a liability for the benefit obligation. Additionally, for collateral assignment split-dollar life insurance arrangements, an employer is required to recognize and measure an asset based upon the nature and substance of the agreement. EITF 06-4 and EITF 06-10 are effective for the year beginning on January 1, 2008, with early adoption permitted. We adopted EITF 06-4 and EITF 06-10 on January 1, 2008, and reduced beginning retained earnings for 2008 by $20 million (after tax), primarily related to split-dollar life insurance arrangements from the acquisition of Greater Bay Bancorp.
On November 5, 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued SAB 109, which provides the staff’s views on the accounting for written loan commitments recorded at fair value under GAAP. To make the staff’s views consistent with current authoritative accounting guidance, SAB 109 revises and rescinds portions of SAB 105, Application of Accounting Principles to Loan Commitments. Specifically, SAB 109 states the expected net future cash flows associated with the servicing of a loan should be included in the measurement of all written loan commitments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings. The provisions of SAB 109, which we adopted on January 1, 2008, are applicable to written loan commitments recorded at fair value that are entered into beginning on or after January 1, 2008. The implementation of SAB 109 did not have a material impact on our results or the valuation of our loan commitments.
Statement of Cash Flows
In the first half of 2007, our consolidated statement of cash flows reflected mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) from securitizations and asset transfers, as separately detailed in Note 8 in this Report, of $1,878 million as an increase to cash flows from operating activities with a corresponding decrease to cash flows from investing activities. Upon filing our 2007 Form 10-K we revised our consolidated statement of cash flows to appropriately reflect the proceeds from sales of mortgages held for sale (MHFS) and the related investment in MSRs as noncash transfers from MHFS to MSRs. The impact of the adjustments on the consolidated statement of cash flows for the first half of 2007 was to decrease net cash provided by operating activities from $8,924 million to $7,046 million and decrease net cash used by investing activities from $54,387 million to $52,509 million. These revisions to the historical financial statements were not considered to be material.
Descriptions of our significant accounting policies are included in Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2007 Form 10-K.

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2. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
We regularly explore opportunities to acquire financial services companies and businesses. Generally, we do not make a public announcement about an acquisition opportunity until a definitive agreement has been signed.
Transactions completed in the first half of 2008 were:
                 
   
(in millions)   Date     Assets  
   

Flatiron Credit Company, Inc., Denver, Colorado

  April 30   $ 332  
Transcap Associates, Inc., Chicago, Illinois
  June 27     22  
Other (1)
            5  
 
             
 
          $ 359  
 
             
   
(1)   Consists of five acquisitions of insurance brokerage businesses.
At June 30, 2008, we had three pending business combinations with total assets of approximately $2.2 billion. We completed two transactions in third quarter 2008 and we expect to complete the third transaction during fourth quarter 2008.
3. FEDERAL FUNDS SOLD, SECURITIES PURCHASED UNDER RESALE AGREEMENTS AND
OTHER SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The following table provides the detail of federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments.
                         
   
    June 30 ,   Dec. 31 ,   June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2007  
   

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under

                       
resale agreements
  $ 2,578     $ 1,700     $ 3,868  
Interest-earning deposits
    712       460       459  
Other short-term investments
    798       594       836  
 
                 
Total
  $ 4,088     $ 2,754     $ 5,163  
 
                 
   

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4. SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE
The following table provides the cost and fair value for the major categories of securities available for sale carried at fair value. There were no securities classified as held to maturity as of the periods presented.
                                                 
   
    June 30, 2008     Dec. 31, 2007     June 30, 2007  
            Fair             Fair             Fair  
(in millions)   Cost     value     Cost     value     Cost     value  
   

Securities of U.S. Treasury and
federal agencies

  $ 1,095     $ 1,099     $ 962     $ 982     $ 873     $ 859  
Securities of U.S. states and
political subdivisions
    7,352       7,167       6,128       6,152       5,044       5,132  
Mortgage-backed securities:
                                               
Federal agencies
    45,832       46,169       34,092       34,987       57,101       56,893  
Private collateralized mortgage obligations (1)
    23,344       22,025       20,026       19,982       3,756       3,755  
 
                                   
Total mortgage-backed securities
    69,176       68,194       54,118       54,969       60,857       60,648  
Other
    11,619       11,197       8,185       8,065       4,617       4,621  
 
                                   
Total debt securities
    89,242       87,657       69,393       70,168       71,391       71,260  
Marketable equity securities (2)
    4,200       3,674       2,878       2,783       697       919  
 
                                   

Total

  $ 93,442     $ 91,331     $ 72,271     $ 72,951     $ 72,088     $ 72,179  
 
                                   
   
(1)   A majority of the private collateralized mortgage obligations are AAA-rated bonds collateralized by 1-4 family residential first mortgages.
(2)   Includes perpetual preferred securities of primarily financial services companies, which had a cost and fair value of $3,027 million and $2,540 million at June 30, 2008, $2,082 million and $1,852 million at December 31, 2007, and $6 million and $6 million at June 30, 2007, respectively.
The following table provides the components of the net unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale. The net unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale are reported on an after-tax basis as a component of cumulative other comprehensive income.
                         
   
    June 30 ,   Dec. 31 ,   June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2007  
   

Gross unrealized gains

  $ 1,001     $ 1,352     $ 568  
Gross unrealized losses
    (3,112 )     (672 )     (477 )
 
                 
Net unrealized gains (losses)
  $ (2,111 )   $ 680     $ 91  
 
                 
   
Net unrealized losses were $2,111 million at June 30, 2008, compared with net unrealized gains of $680 million at December 31, 2007. The increase in net unrealized losses was largely due to an increase in market yields and wider spreads on mortgage-backed securities in the first half of 2008.

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The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities in the securities available-for-sale portfolio at June 30, 2008, and December 31, 2007, by length of time that individual securities in each category had been in a continuous loss position.
                                                 
   
    Less than 12 months     12 months or more     Total  
    Gross             Gross             Gross        
    unrealized     Fair     unrealized     Fair     unrealized     Fair  
(in millions)   losses     value     losses     value     losses     value  
   

December 31, 2007

                                               

Securities of U.S. Treasury and
federal agencies

  $ --     $ --     $ --     $ --     $ --     $ --  
Securities of U.S. states and
political subdivisions
    (98 )     1,957       (13 )     70       (111 )     2,027  
Mortgage-backed securities:
                                               
Federal agencies
    (1 )     39       (2 )     150       (3 )     189  
Private collateralized
mortgage obligations
    (124 )     7,722       (2 )     54       (126 )     7,776  
 
                                   
Total mortgage-backed
securities
    (125 )     7,761       (4 )     204       (129 )     7,965  
Other
    (140 )     2,425       (25 )     491       (165 )     2,916  
 
                                   
Total debt securities
    (363 )     12,143       (42 )     765       (405 )     12,908  
Marketable equity securities
    (266 )     1,688       (1 )     36       (267 )     1,724  
 
                                   

Total

  $ (629 )   $ 13,831     $ (43 )   $ 801     $ (672 )   $ 14,632  
 
                                   

June 30, 2008

                                               

Securities of U.S. Treasury and
federal agencies

  $ (6 )   $ 697     $ (1 )   $ 24     $ (7 )   $ 721  
Securities of U.S. states and
political subdivisions
    (194 )     2,741       (108 )     732       (302 )     3,473  
Mortgage-backed securities:
                                               
Federal agencies
    (291 )     13,040       (2 )     44       (293 )     13,084  
Private collateralized
mortgage obligations
    (1,393 )     18,657       (23 )     128       (1,416 )     18,785  
 
                                   
Total mortgage-backed
securities
    (1,684 )     31,697       (25 )     172       (1,709 )     31,869  
Other
    (271 )     4,260       (205 )     647       (476 )     4,907  
 
                                   
Total debt securities
    (2,155 )     39,395       (339 )     1,575       (2,494 )     40,970  
Marketable equity securities
    (618 )     3,042       --       --       (618 )     3,042  
 
                                   

Total

  $ (2,773 )   $ 42,437     $ (339 )   $ 1,575     $ (3,112 )   $ 44,012  
 
                                   
   
The change in the debt securities that had been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or more at June 30, 2008, was due to changes in market interest rates and spreads and not due to the credit quality of the securities. As of June 30, 2008, we have received all principal and interest payments, we believe that the principal and interest on these securities are fully collectible and we have the intent and ability to retain our investment for a period of time to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. We evaluated these securities for impairment in accordance with our policy and determined that they were not other-than-temporarily impaired as of June 30, 2008.
Our marketable equity securities included approximately $2.5 billion of investments in perpetual preferred securities at June 30, 2008. These securities were issued by credit-worthy companies and underwent an extensive credit evaluation at purchase. They provide very attractive tax-equivalent yields and were current as to periodic distributions in accordance with their respective terms as of June 30, 2008. We have opportunistically increased our holdings in these securities

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over the past 12 months in response to increased yields available in the marketplace, driven by a significant widening in credit spreads caused by the “mortgage and credit crises.” The market value of our holdings in these securities declined during this period in direct correlation with the continued widening of credit spreads. Unlike common stock whose return is mostly in the form of price appreciation, these securities were purchased for their high yields, with purchase decisions underwritten like bonds and debt securities. We evaluated these securities for impairment in accordance with our policy and determined that they were not other-than-temporarily impaired as of June 30, 2008. Subsequent to June 30, 2008, in light of recent adverse developments that have affected the market value of certain perpetual preferred securities, including those issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the market value of such securities have experienced significant volatility. We continue to believe that these investments are attractive over the long term and intend to hold them as core components of our investment portfolio. We will continue to evaluate the prospects for recovery in their market value in accordance with our policy for determining other-than-temporary impairment.
The following table shows the net realized gains (losses) on the sales of securities from the securities available-for-sale portfolio, including marketable equity securities.
                                 
   
            Quarter     Six months  
    ended June 30 ,   ended June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2008     2007  
   

Gross realized gains

  $ 76     $ 21     $ 454     $ 80  
Gross realized losses (1)
    (139 )     (47 )     (227 )     (54 )
 
                       
Net realized gains (losses)
  $ (63 )   $ (26 )   $ 227     $ 26  
 
                       
   
(1)   Includes other-than-temporary impairment of $129 million and $202 million for the second quarter and first half of 2008, respectively, and $4 million for the first half of 2007. Other-than-temporary impairment for second quarter 2008 included $33 million related to perpetual preferred securities that were downgraded to less than investment grade. No other-than-temporary impairment was recorded in second quarter 2007.

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5. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
A summary of the major categories of loans outstanding is shown in the following table. Outstanding loan balances reflect unearned income, net deferred loan fees, and unamortized discount and premium totaling $4,419 million, $4,083 million and $3,195 million, at June 30, 2008, December 31, 2007, and June 30, 2007, respectively.
                         
   
    June 30 ,   Dec. 31 ,   June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2007  
 

Commercial and commercial real estate:

                       
Commercial
  $ 99,188     $ 90,468     $ 77,560  
Other real estate mortgage
    41,753       36,747       32,336  
Real estate construction
    19,528       18,854       16,552  
Lease financing
    7,160       6,772       5,979  
 
                 
Total commercial and commercial real estate
    167,629       152,841       132,427  
Consumer:
                       
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
    74,829       71,415       61,177  
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
    75,261       75,565       72,398  
Credit card
    19,429       18,762       15,567  
Other revolving credit and installment
    54,575       56,171       53,701  
 
                 
Total consumer
    224,094       221,913       202,843  
Foreign
    7,514       7,441       7,530  
 
                 

Total loans

  $ 399,237     $ 382,195     $ 342,800  
 
                 
 
We consider a loan to be impaired when, based on current information and events, we determine that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan contract, including scheduled interest payments. We assess and account for as impaired certain nonaccrual commercial and commercial real estate loans that are over $3 million and certain consumer, commercial and commercial real estate loans whose terms have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring. The recorded investment in impaired loans and the methodology used to measure impairment was:
                         
   
    June 30 ,   Dec. 31 ,   June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2007  
 

Impairment measurement based on:

                       
Collateral value method
  $ 26     $ 285     $ 140  
Discounted cash flow method
    1,409       184       136  
 
                 
Total (1)
  $ 1,435     $ 469     $ 276  
 
                 
 
(1)   Includes $1,373 million, $369 million and $165 million of impaired loans with a related allowance of $221 million, $50 million and $26 million at June 30, 2008, December 31, 2007, and June 30, 2007, respectively.
The average recorded investment in impaired loans was $1,194 million and $255 million in second quarter 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $953 million and $253 million in the first half of 2008 and 2007, respectively.

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The allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded credit commitments. Changes in the allowance for credit losses were:
                                 
   
    Quarter     Six months  
    ended June 30 ,   ended June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2008     2007  
 

Balance, beginning of period

  $ 6,013     $ 3,965     $ 5,518     $ 3,964  

Provision for credit losses

    3,012       720       5,040       1,435  

Loan charge-offs:

                               
Commercial and commercial real estate:
                               
Commercial
    (333 )     (127 )     (592 )     (253 )
Other real estate mortgage
    (6 )     (1 )     (10 )     (2 )
Real estate construction
    (28 )     (2 )     (57 )     (2 )
Lease financing
    (13 )     (9 )     (25 )     (16 )
 
                       
Total commercial and commercial real estate
    (380 )     (139 )     (684 )     (273 )
Consumer:
                               
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
    (103 )     (25 )     (184 )     (49 )
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
    (352 )     (107 )     (807 )     (190 )
Credit card
    (369 )     (191 )     (682 )     (374 )
Other revolving credit and installment
    (488 )     (434 )     (1,031 )     (908 )
 
                       
Total consumer
    (1,312 )     (757 )     (2,704 )     (1,521 )
Foreign
    (58 )     (64 )     (126 )     (126 )
 
                       
Total loan charge-offs
    (1,750 )     (960 )     (3,514 )     (1,920 )
 
                       

Loan recoveries:

                               
Commercial and commercial real estate:
                               
Commercial
    32       25       63       49  
Other real estate mortgage
    2       3       3       5  
Real estate construction
    1             2       1  
Lease financing
    3       4       6       9  
 
                       
Total commercial and commercial real estate
    38       32       74       64  
Consumer:
                               
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
    7       6       13       12  
Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
    18       16       35       25  
Credit card
    40       30       78       61  
Other revolving credit and installment
    121       139       246       288  
 
                       
Total consumer
    186       191       372       386  
Foreign
    14       17       28       35  
 
                       
Total loan recoveries
    238       240       474       485  
 
                       
Net loan charge-offs
    (1,512 )     (720 )     (3,040 )     (1,435 )
 
                       

Allowances related to business combinations/other

    4       42       (1 )     43  
 
                       

Balance, end of period

  $ 7,517     $ 4,007     $ 7,517     $ 4,007  
 
                       

Components:

                               
Allowance for loan losses
  $ 7,375     $ 3,820     $ 7,375     $ 3,820  
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments
    142       187       142       187  
 
                       
Allowance for credit losses
  $ 7,517     $ 4,007     $ 7,517     $ 4,007  
 
                       

Net loan charge-offs (annualized) as a percentage of average total loans

    1.55 %     0.87 %     1.58 %     0.89 %

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans

    1.85 %     1.11 %     1.85 %     1.11 %
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans
    1.88       1.17       1.88       1.17  
 

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6. OTHER ASSETS
The components of other assets were:
                         
   
    June 30 ,   Dec. 31 ,   June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2007  
 

Nonmarketable equity investments:

                       
Private equity investments
  $ 2,198     $ 2,024     $ 1,858  
Federal bank stock
    1,951       1,925       1,342  
All other
    3,177       2,981       2,491  
 
                 
Total nonmarketable equity investments
    7,326       6,930       5,691  

Operating lease assets

    1,682       2,218       2,854  
Accounts receivable
    6,682       10,913       7,466  
Interest receivable
    2,794       2,977       2,829  
Core deposit intangibles
    372       435       390  
Credit card and other intangibles
    297       319       258  
Foreclosed assets:
                       
GNMA loans (1)
    535       535       423  
Other
    595       649       554  
Due from customers on acceptances
    69       62       79  
Other
    14,237       12,107       11,422  
 
                 
Total other assets
  $ 34,589     $ 37,145     $ 31,966  
 
                 
 
(1)   Consistent with regulatory reporting requirements, foreclosed assets include foreclosed real estate securing Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) loans. Both principal and interest for GNMA loans secured by the foreclosed real estate are collectible because the GNMA loans are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Income related to nonmarketable equity investments was:
                                 
   
    Quarter     Six months  
    ended June 30 ,   ended June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2008     2007  
 

Net gains from private equity investments

  $ 18     $ 226     $ 364 (1)   $ 302  
Net gains (losses) from all other nonmarketable equity investments
    48       (4 )     9       (17 )
 
                       
Net gains from nonmarketable equity investments
  $ 66     $ 222     $ 373     $ 285  
 
                       
 
(1)   Includes $334 million gain for first quarter 2008 from our ownership in Visa, which completed its initial public offering in March 2008. See Note 11 in this Report for additional information.

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7. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
We are a primary beneficiary in certain special-purpose entities that are consolidated because we absorb a majority of each entity’s expected losses, receive a majority of each entity’s expected returns or both. We do not hold a majority voting interest in these entities. Our consolidated variable interest entities, substantially all of which were formed to invest in securities and to securitize real estate investment trust securities, had approximately $4.3 billion and $3.5 billion in total assets at June 30, 2008, and December 31, 2007, respectively. The primary activities of these entities consist of acquiring and disposing of, and investing and reinvesting in securities, and issuing beneficial interests secured by those securities to investors. The creditors of substantially all of these consolidated entities have recourse against us.
We also hold variable interests greater than 20% but less than 50% in certain special-purpose entities predominantly formed to invest in affordable housing and sustainable energy projects, and to securitize corporate debt that had approximately $6.8 billion and $5.8 billion in total assets at June 30, 2008, and December 31, 2007, respectively. We are not required to consolidate these entities. Our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with these unconsolidated variable interest entities was approximately $2.5 billion and $2.0 billion at June 30, 2008, and December 31, 2007, respectively, primarily representing investments in entities formed to invest in affordable housing and sustainable energy projects. However, we expect to recover our investment in these entities over time, primarily through realization of federal tax credits. We also held investments in asset-backed securities of approximately $6.5 billion and $4.7 billion collateralized by auto leases of $7.5 billion and $5.4 billion at June 30, 2008, and December 31, 2007, respectively, issued by certain special-purpose entities where the third-party issuer of the securities is the primary beneficiary.

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8. MORTGAGE BANKING ACTIVITIES
Mortgage banking activities, included in the Community Banking and Wholesale Banking operating segments, consist of residential and commercial mortgage originations and servicing.
The changes in residential MSRs measured using the fair value method were:
                                 
   
    Quarter ended June 30 ,   Six months ended June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2008     2007  
 

Fair value, beginning of period

  $ 14,956     $ 17,779     $ 16,763     $ 17,591  
Purchases
    82       142       134       301  
Servicing from securitizations or asset transfers
    994       1,029       1,791       1,857  
Sales
    (177 )     (1,422 )     (269 )     (1,422 )
 
                       
Net additions (reductions)
    899       (251 )     1,656       736  

Changes in fair value:

                               
Due to change in valuation model inputs or assumptions (1)
    4,132       2,013       2,334       2,002  
Other changes in fair value (2)
    (654 )     (808 )     (1,420 )     (1,596 )
 
                       
Total changes in fair value
    3,478       1,205       914       406  
 
                       

Fair value, end of period

  $ 19,333     $ 18,733     $ 19,333     $ 18,733  
 
                       
 
(1)   Principally reflects changes in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, mostly due to changes in interest rates.
(2)   Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows over time.
The changes in amortized MSRs were:
                                 
   
    Quarter ended June 30 ,   Six months ended June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2008     2007  
 

Balance, beginning of period

  $ 455     $ 400     $ 466     $ 377  
Purchases (1)
    2       26       5       55  
Servicing from securitizations or asset transfers (1)
    4       11       9       21  
Amortization
    (19 )     (19 )     (38 )     (35 )
 
                       
Balance, end of period (2)
  $ 442     $ 418     $ 442     $ 418  
 
                       
Fair value of amortized MSRs:
                               
Beginning of period
  $ 601     $ 484     $ 573     $ 457  
End of period
    595       561       595       561  
 
(1)   Based on June 30, 2008, assumptions, the weighted-average amortization period for MSRs added during the second quarter and first half of 2008 was approximately 16.7 years and 16.4 years, respectively.
(2)   There was no valuation allowance recorded for the periods presented.

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The components of our managed servicing portfolio were:
                 
   
    June 30 ,
(in billions)   2008     2007  
 
Loans serviced for others (1)
  $ 1,446     $ 1,347  
Owned loans serviced (2)
    100       96  
 
           
Total owned servicing
    1,546       1,443  
Sub-servicing
    20       24  
 
           

               
Total managed servicing portfolio
  $ 1,566     $ 1,467  
 
           
Ratio of MSRs to related loans serviced for others
    1.37 %     1.42 %
 
(1)   Consists of 1-4 family first mortgage and commercial mortgage loans.
(2)   Consists of mortgages held for sale and 1-4 family first mortgage loans.
The components of mortgage banking noninterest income were:
                                 
   
    Quarter ended June 30 ,   Six months ended June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2008     2007  
 

Servicing income, net:

                               
Servicing fees (1)
  $ 959     $ 1,007     $ 1,923     $ 2,061  
Changes in fair value of residential MSRs:
                               
Due to changes in valuation model inputs or assumptions (2)
    4,132       2,013       2,334       2,002  
Other changes in fair value (3)
    (654 )     (808 )     (1,420 )     (1,596 )
 
                       
Total changes in fair value of residential MSRs
    3,478       1,205       914       406  

Amortization

    (19 )     (19 )     (38 )     (35 )
Net derivative losses from economic hedges (4)
    (4,197 )     (2,238 )     (2,305 )     (2,261 )
 
                       
Total servicing income, net
    221       (45 )     494       171  

Net gains on mortgage loan origination/sales activities

    876       635       1,143       1,130  
All other
    100       99       191       178  
 
                       
Total mortgage banking noninterest income
  $ 1,197     $ 689     $ 1,828     $ 1,479  
 
                       
Market-related valuation changes to MSRs, net of economic hedge
results (2) + (4)
  $ (65 )   $ (225 )   $ 29     $ (259 )
 
                       
 
(1)   Includes contractually specified servicing fees, late charges and other ancillary revenues.
(2)   Principally reflects changes in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, mostly due to changes in interest rates.
(3)   Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows over time.
(4)   Represents results from free-standing derivatives (economic hedges) used to hedge the risk of changes in fair value of MSRs. See Note 12 — Free-Standing Derivatives in this Report for additional information.

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9. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The gross carrying amount of intangible assets and accumulated amortization was:
                                 
   
    June 30 ,
    2008     2007  
    Gross     Accumulated     Gross     Accumulated  
(in millions)   carrying amount     amortization     carrying amount     amortization  
 

Amortized intangible assets:

                               
MSRs (1)
  $ 631     $ 189     $ 533     $ 115  
Core deposit intangibles
    2,503       2,131       2,434       2,044  
Credit card and other intangibles
    739       456       641       397  
 
                       
Total intangible assets
  $ 3,873     $ 2,776     $ 3,608     $ 2,556  
 
                       

MSRs (fair value) (1)

  $ 19,333             $ 18,733          
Trademark
    14               14          
 
(1)   See Note 8 in this Report for additional information on MSRs.
The current year and estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets as of June 30, 2008, follows:
                         
   
    Core              
    deposit              
(in millions)   intangibles     Other(1)     Total  
 

Six months ended June 30, 2008 (actual)

  $ 62     $ 68     $ 130  
                   

Estimate for year ended December 31,

                       
2008
  $ 121     $ 143     $ 264  
2009
    110       119       229  
2010
    97       106       203  
2011
    37       92       129  
2012
    17       81       98  
2013
    14       72       86  
 
(1)   Includes amortized MSRs, and credit card and other intangibles.
We based our projections of amortization expense shown above on existing asset balances at June 30, 2008. Future amortization expense may vary based on additional core deposit or other intangibles acquired through business combinations.

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10. GOODWILL
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill as allocated to our operating segments for goodwill impairment analysis were:
                                 
   
    Community     Wholesale     Wells Fargo     Consolidated  
(in millions)   Banking(1)     Banking(1)     Financial     Company  
 

December 31, 2006

  $ 7,357     $ 3,552     $ 366     $ 11,275  
Goodwill from business combinations
    468       236       --       704  
Foreign currency translation adjustments
    --       --       4       4  
 
                       
June 30, 2007
  $ 7,825     $ 3,788     $ 370     $ 11,983  
 
                       

December 31, 2007

  $ 8,581     $ 4,102     $ 423     $ 13,106  
Reduction in goodwill related to divested businesses
    --       (1 )     --       (1 )
Goodwill from business combinations
    (5 )     93       --       88  
Foreign currency translation adjustments
    --       --       (2 )     (2 )
 
                       
June 30, 2008
  $ 8,576     $ 4,194     $ 421     $ 13,191  
 
                       
 
For our goodwill impairment analysis, we allocate all of the goodwill to the individual operating segments. For management reporting we do not allocate all of the goodwill to the individual operating segments; some is allocated at the enterprise level. See Note 17 in this Report for further information on management reporting. The balances of goodwill for management reporting were:
                                         
   
    Community     Wholesale     Wells Fargo             Consolidated  
(in millions)   Banking(1)     Banking(1)     Financial     Enterprise     Company  
 

June 30, 2007

  $ 3,978     $ 1,838     $ 370     $ 5,797     $ 11,983  

June 30, 2008

    4,729       2,244       421       5,797       13,191  
 
(1)   To reflect the realignment of our corporate trust business from Community Banking into Wholesale Banking in first quarter 2008, balances for prior periods have been revised.

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11. GUARANTEES
The guarantees we provide to third parties primarily include standby letters of credit, various indemnification agreements, guarantees accounted for as derivatives, additional consideration related to business combinations and contingent performance guarantees.
We issue standby letters of credit, which include performance and financial guarantees, for customers in connection with contracts between the customers and third parties. Standby letters of credit assure that the third parties will receive specified funds if customers fail to meet their contractual obligations. We are obligated to make payment if a customer defaults. Standby letters of credit were $14.9 billion at June 30, 2008, and $12.5 billion at December 31, 2007, including financial guarantees of $8.3 billion and $6.5 billion, respectively, that we had issued or purchased participations in. Standby letters of credit are net of participations sold to other institutions of $2.0 billion at June 30, 2008, and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2007. We also had commitments for commercial and similar letters of credit of $1.1 billion at June 30, 2008, and $955 million at December 31, 2007. We consider the credit risk in standby letters of credit, and commercial and similar letters of credit in determining the allowance for credit losses.
We enter into indemnification agreements in the ordinary course of business under which we agree to indemnify third parties against any damages, losses and expenses incurred in connection with legal and other proceedings arising from relationships or transactions with us. These relationships or transactions include those arising from service as a director or officer of the Company, underwriting agreements relating to our securities, securities lending, acquisition agreements, and various other business transactions or arrangements. Because the extent of our obligations under these agreements depends entirely upon the occurrence of future events, our potential future liability under these agreements is not determinable.
We write options, floors and caps. Periodic settlements occur on floors and caps based on market conditions. The fair value of the written options liability in our balance sheet was $863 million at June 30, 2008, and $700 million at December 31, 2007. The aggregate fair value of the written floors and caps liability was $565 million and $280 million for the same periods, respectively. Our ultimate obligation under written options, floors and caps is based on future market conditions and is only quantifiable at settlement. The notional value related to written options was $48.2 billion at June 30, 2008, and $30.7 billion at December 31, 2007, and the aggregate notional value related to written floors and caps was $24.9 billion and $26.5 billion for the same periods, respectively. We offset substantially all options written to customers with purchased options.
We also enter into credit default swaps under which we buy loss protection from or sell loss protection to a counterparty in the event of default of a reference obligation. The fair value of the contracts sold was a liability of $36 million at June 30, 2008, and $20 million at December 31, 2007. The maximum amount we would be required to pay under the swaps in which we sold protection, assuming all reference obligations default at a total loss, without recoveries, was $1.0 billion and $873 million, based on notional value, at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. We purchased credit default swaps of comparable notional amounts to mitigate the exposure of the written credit default swaps at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007. These purchased credit default swaps had terms (i.e., the same reference

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obligation and maturity) that would offset our exposure from the written default swap contracts in which we are providing protection to a counterparty.
In connection with certain brokerage, asset management, insurance agency and other acquisitions we have made, the terms of the acquisition agreements provide for deferred payments or additional consideration, based on certain performance targets. At June 30, 2008, and December 31, 2007, the amount of additional consideration we expected to pay was not significant to our financial statements.
We have entered into various contingent performance guarantees through credit risk participation arrangements with remaining terms up to 21 years. We will be required to make payments under these guarantees if a customer defaults on its obligation to perform under certain credit agreements with third parties. The extent of our obligations under these guarantees depends entirely on future events and was contractually limited to an aggregate liability of approximately $35 million at June 30, 2008, and $50 million at December 31, 2007.
Wells Fargo is a Class B common shareholder of Visa Inc. (Visa). Based on agreements previously executed among Wells Fargo, Visa and its predecessors and certain member banks of the Visa USA network, we may be required to indemnify Visa with respect to certain covered litigation. In conjunction with its initial public offering, Visa deposited $3 billion of the proceeds of the offering into a litigation escrow account to be used to satisfy settlement obligations with respect to prior litigation and to make payments with respect to the future resolution of the covered litigation. The extent of our future obligations, if any, under these arrangements depends on the ultimate resolution of the covered litigation.
To maintain a credit rating of “AAA” for certain funds, we entered into a capital support agreement for up to $130 million related to one structured investment vehicle held by our AAA-rated non-government money market mutual funds. At June 30, 2008, our recorded liability related to the agreement was $39 million. We will be required to make a payment under the agreement no later than third quarter 2008. We are generally not responsible for investment losses incurred by our funds, and we do not have a contractual or implicit obligation to indemnify such losses or provide additional support to the funds. While we elected to enter into the capital support agreement for the AAA-rated funds, we are not obligated and may elect not to provide additional support to these funds or other funds in the future.

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12. DERIVATIVES
Fair Value Hedges
We use interest rate swaps to convert certain of our fixed-rate long-term debt and certificates of deposit to floating rates to hedge our exposure to interest rate risk. We also enter into cross-currency swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps to hedge our exposure to foreign currency risk and interest rate risk associated with the issuance of non-U.S. dollar denominated long-term debt. The ineffective portion of these fair value hedges is recorded as part of noninterest income. In addition, we use derivatives, such as Treasury futures and LIBOR swaps, to hedge changes in fair value due to changes in interest rates of our commercial real estate mortgage loans held for sale. Finally, we use interest rate swaps to hedge against changes in fair value of certain municipal debt securities classified as available for sale and, beginning in fourth quarter 2007, commercial mortgage-backed securities, due to changes in interest rates. The ineffective portion of these fair value hedges is recorded in “Net gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale” in the income statement. For fair value hedges of long-term debt and certificates of deposit, commercial real estate loans, franchise loans and debt securities, all parts of each derivative’s gain or loss due to the hedged risk are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
From time to time, we enter into equity collars to lock in share prices between specified levels for certain equity securities. As permitted, we include the intrinsic value only (excluding time value) when assessing hedge effectiveness. We assess hedge effectiveness based on a dollar-offset ratio, at inception of the hedging relationship and on an ongoing basis, by comparing cumulative changes in the intrinsic value of the equity collar with changes in the fair value of the hedged equity securities. The net derivative gain or loss related to the equity collars is recorded in other noninterest income in the income statement.
At June 30, 2008, all designated fair value hedges continued to qualify as fair value hedges.
Cash Flow Hedges
We hedge floating-rate senior debt against future interest rate increases by using interest rate swaps to convert floating-rate senior debt to fixed rates and by using interest rate caps and floors to limit variability of rates. We also use interest rate swaps and floors to hedge the variability in interest payments received on certain floating-rate commercial loans, due to changes in interest rates. Gains and losses on derivatives that are reclassified from cumulative other comprehensive income to current period earnings, are included in the line item in which the hedged item’s effect in earnings is recorded. All parts of gain or loss on these derivatives are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. As of June 30, 2008, all designated cash flow hedges continued to qualify as cash flow hedges.
We expect that $41 million of deferred net gains on derivatives in other comprehensive income at June 30, 2008, will be reclassified as earnings during the next twelve months, compared with $28 million of deferred net gains at June 30, 2007. We are hedging our exposure to the variability of future cash flows for all forecasted transactions for a maximum of six years for hedges of floating-rate senior debt and seven years for hedges of floating-rate commercial loans.

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The following table provides net derivative gains and losses related to fair value and cash flow hedges resulting from the change in value of the derivatives excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and the change in value of the ineffective portion of the derivatives.
                                 
   
      Quarter ended June 30 ,     Six months ended June 30 ,
(in millions)   2008     2007     2008     2007  
   

Net gains (losses) from fair value hedges from:

                               
Change in value of derivatives excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness
    $ --       $  5       $ --       $  7  
Ineffective portion of change in value of derivatives
    (6 )     (2 )     43       1  

Net gains from ineffective portion of change in the value of cash flow hedges

    (2 )     --       (3 )     25  
   
Free-Standing Derivatives
We use free-standing derivatives (economic hedges), in addition to debt securities available for sale, to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of residential MSRs, new prime residential MHFS, derivative loan commitments and other interests held, with the resulting gain or loss reflected in income.
The derivatives used to hedge residential MSRs include swaps, swaptions, forwards, Eurodollar and Treasury futures, and options contracts. Net derivative losses of $4,197 million and $2,305 million for the second quarter and first half of 2008, respectively, and $2,238 million and $2,261 million for the second quarter and first half of 2007, respectively, from economic hedges related to our mortgage servicing activities are included in mortgage banking noninterest income. The aggregate fair value of these derivatives used as economic hedges was a net liability of $1,061 million at June 30, 2008, and a net asset of $1,652 million at December 31, 2007. Changes in fair value of debt securities available for sale (unrealized gains and losses) are not included in servicing income, but are reported in cumulative other comprehensive income (net of tax) or, upon sale, are reported in net gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale.
Interest rate lock commitments for residential mortgage loans that we intend to sell are considered free-standing derivatives. Our interest rate exposure on these derivative loan commitments, as well as new prime residential MHFS carried at fair value under FAS 159, is hedged with free-standing derivatives (economic hedges) such as forwards and options, Eurodollar futures and options, and Treasury futures, forwards and options contracts. The commitments, free-standing derivatives and residential MHFS are carried at fair value with changes in fair value included in mortgage banking noninterest income. For interest rate lock commitments issued prior to January 1, 2008, we recorded a zero fair value for the derivative loan commitment at inception consistent with SAB 105. Effective January 1, 2008, we were required by SAB 109 to include, at inception and during the life of the loan commitment, the expected net future cash flows related to the associated servicing of the loan as part of the fair value measurement of derivative loan commitments. The implementation of SAB 109 did not have a material impact on our results or the valuation of our loan commitments. Changes subsequent to inception are based on changes in fair value of the underlying loan resulting from the exercise of the commitment and changes in the probability that the loan will not fund within the terms of the commitment (referred to as a fall-out factor). The value of the underlying loan is

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affected primarily by changes in interest rates and the passage of time. However, changes in investor demand, such as concerns about credit risk, can also cause changes in the spread relationships between underlying loan value and the derivative financial instruments that cannot be hedged. The aggregate fair value of derivative loan commitments in the balance sheet was a net liability of $50 million at June 30, 2008, and a net asset of $6 million at December 31, 2007, and is included in the caption “Interest rate contracts” under Customer Accommodation, Trading and Other Free-Standing Derivatives in the following table.
We also enter into various derivatives primarily to provide derivative products to customers. To a lesser extent, we take positions based on market expectations or to benefit from price differentials between financial instruments and markets. These derivatives are not linked to specific assets and liabilities in the balance sheet or to forecasted transactions in an accounting hedge relationship and, therefore, do not qualify for hedge accounting. We also enter into free-standing derivatives for risk management that do not otherwise qualify for hedge accounting. They are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded as part of other noninterest income.
Additionally, free-standing derivatives include embedded derivatives that are required to be accounted for separate from their host contract. We periodically issue long-term notes and certificates of deposit where the performance of the hybrid instrument notes is linked to an equity, commodity or currency index, or basket of such indices. These notes contain explicit terms that affect some or all of the cash flows or the value of the note in a manner similar to a derivative instrument and therefore are considered to contain an “embedded” derivative instrument. The indices on which the performance of the hybrid instrument is calculated are not clearly and closely related to the host debt instrument. In accordance with FAS 133, the “embedded” derivative is separated from the host contract and accounted for as a free-standing derivative.

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Derivative Financial Instruments – Summary Information
The total credit risk amount and estimated net fair value for derivatives at June 30, 2008, and December 31, 2007, were:
                                 
   
    June 30, 2008     December 31, 2007  
    Credit     Estimated     Credit     Estimated  
    risk     net fair     risk     net fair  
(in millions)   amount (2)     value     amount (2)     value  
   
ASSET/LIABILITY MANAGEMENT HEDGES
                               
Qualifying hedge contracts accounted for under FAS 133
                               
Interest rate contracts
    $1,404       $1,049       $1,419       $1,147  
Equity contracts
    --       (3 )     --       (3 )
Foreign exchange contracts
    2,008       1,960       1,399       1,376  
Free-standing derivatives (economic hedges)
                               
Interest rate contracts (1)
    2,847       (843 )     2,183       1,455  
Foreign exchange contracts
    183       183       202       202  

CUSTOMER ACCOMMODATION, TRADING AND OTHER FREE-STANDING DERIVATIVES

                               
Interest rate contracts
    4,382       369       3,893       444  
Commodity contracts
    3,140       1,113       731       116  
Equity contracts
    407       52       571       86  
Foreign exchange contracts
    795       46       726       72  
Credit contracts
    105       55       75       51  
   
(1)   Includes free-standing derivatives (economic hedges) used to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of residential MSRs, MHFS, interest rate lock commitments and other interests held.
 
(2)   Credit risk amounts reflect the replacement cost for those contracts in a gain position in the event of nonperformance by all counterparties. The credit risk amount does not reflect the effects of netting on a counterparty basis under FSP FIN 39-1. At June 30, 2008, our derivative assets and liabilities on the balance sheet were netted for cash collateral by approximately $4.3 billion.

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13. FAIR VALUES OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
We use fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Trading assets, securities available for sale, derivatives, prime residential mortgages held for sale (MHFS) and residential MSRs are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as nonprime residential and commercial MHFS, loans held for sale, loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
Upon adoption of FAS 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (FAS 159), we elected to measure MHFS at fair value prospectively for new prime residential MHFS originations, for which an active secondary market and readily available market prices generally exist to reliably support fair value pricing models used for these loans. We also elected to remeasure at fair value certain of our other interests held related to residential loan sales and securitizations. We believe the election for MHFS and other interests held (which are now hedged with free-standing derivatives (economic hedges) along with our MSRs) will reduce certain timing differences and better match changes in the value of these assets with changes in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges for these assets.
Upon adoption of FAS 159, we were also required to adopt FAS 157, Fair Value Measurements (FAS 157). FAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The disclosures required under FAS 159 and FAS 157 are included in this Note.
Fair Value Hierarchy
Under FAS 157, we group our assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:
  Level 1 — Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
  Level 2 — Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
  Level 3 — Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

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The table below presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
                                 
   
(in millions)   Total     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3  
 

                               
Balance at June 30, 2007
                               
Trading assets
  $ 7,289     $ 1,608     $ 5,214     $ 467  
Securities available for sale
    72,179       58,619       11,546       2,014 (2)
Mortgages held for sale
    30,175       --       30,175       --  
Mortgage servicing rights (residential)
    18,733       --       --       18,733  
Other assets (1)
    731       529       167       35  
 
                       
Total
  $ 129,107     $ 60,756     $ 47,102     $ 21,249  
 
                       

Other liabilities (1)
  $ (4,953 )   $ (2,470 )   $ (2,091 )   $ (392 )
 
                       

Balance at June 30, 2008
                               

Trading assets
  $ 9,681     $ 703     $ 8,429     $ 549  
Securities available for sale
    91,331       49,752       32,975       8,604 (2)
Mortgages held for sale
    22,940       --       17,664       5,276  
Mortgage servicing rights (residential)
    19,333       --       --       19,333  
Other assets (1)
    1,437       831       569       37  
 
                       
Total
  $ 144,722     $ 51,286     $ 59,637     $ 33,799  
 
                       

Other liabilities (1)
  $ (6,964 )   $ (4,107 )   $ (2,414 )   $ (443 )
 
                       
 
(1)   Derivatives are included in this category.
(2)   Non-rated asset-backed securities collateralized by auto leases represent most of this balance.

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The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:
                                                 
   
    Trading                     Mortgage     Net     Other  
    assets     Securities     Mortgages     servicing     derivative     liabilities  
    (excluding     available     held for     rights     assets and     (excluding  
(in millions)   derivatives)     for sale     sale     (residential)     liabilities     derivatives)  
 

Quarter ended June 30, 2007
                                               
Balance, beginning of quarter
  $ 353     $ 2,808     $ --     $ 17,779     $ (51 )   $ (249 )
Total net gains (losses) for the quarter included in net income
    62       --       --       1,205       (400 )     (22 )
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net
    51       (794 )     --       (251 )     368       (6 )
Transfer out of Level 3
    --       --       --       --       4       --  
 
                                   
Balance, end of quarter
  $ 466     $ 2,014     $ --     $ 18,733     $ (79 )   $ (277 )
 
                                   
Net unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for the quarter relating to assets and liabilities held at June 30, 2007 (1)
  $ 76 (2)   $ --     $ --     $ 1,810 (4)(5)   $ (76 ) (4)   $ (28 )(4)
 
                                   

Quarter ended June 30, 2008
                                               

Balance, beginning of quarter
  $ 362     $ 6,684     $ 1,260     $ 14,956     $ (31 )   $ (329 )
Total net gains (losses) for the quarter included in:
                                               
Net income
    181       (69 )     (43 )     3,478       (311 )     (35 )
Other comprehensive income
    --       (382 )     --       --       --       --  
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net
    4       638       763       899       295       7  
Transfers into Level 3
    --       1,733 (3)     3,296 (3)     --       --       --  
 
                                   
Balance, end of quarter
  $ 547     $ 8,604     $ 5,276     $ 19,333     $ (47 )   $ (357 )
 
                                   
Net unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for the quarter relating to assets and liabilities held at June 30, 2008 (1)
  $ 207 (2)   $ (84 )   $ (43 ) (4)   $ 4,121 (4) (5)   $ (42 ) (4)   $ (36 ) (4)
 
                                   

Six months ended June 30, 2007
                                               

Balance, beginning of period
  $ 360     $ 3,447     $ --     $ 17,591     $ (68 )   $ (282 )
Total net gains (losses) for the period included in net income
    21       --       --       406       (383 )     (28 )
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net
    85       (1,433 )     --       736       368       33  
Transfer out of Level 3
    --       --       --       --       4       --  
 
                                   
Balance, end of period
  $ 466     $ 2,014     $ --     $ 18,733     $ (79 )   $ (277 )
 
                                   
Net unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for the period relating to assets and liabilities held at June 30, 2007 (1)
  $ 51 (2)   $ --     $ --     $ 1,805 (4)(5)   $ (76 ) (4)   $ (28 ) (4)
 
                                   

Six months ended June 30, 2008
                                               

Balance, beginning of period
  $ 418     $ 5,381     $ 146     $ 16,763     $ 6     $ (280 )
Total net gains (losses) for the period included in:
                                               
Net income
    113       (77 )     (48 )     914       (490 )     (101 )
Other comprehensive income
    --       (340 )     --       --       --       --  
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net
    16       1,907       790       1,656       437       24  
Transfers into Level 3
    --       1,733 (3)     4,388 (3)     --       --       --  
 
                                   
Balance, end of period
  $ 547     $ 8,604     $ 5,276     $ 19,333     $ (47 )   $ (357 )
 
                                   
Net unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for the period relating to assets and liabilities held at June 30, 2008 (1)
  $ 166 (2)   $ (88 )   $ (48 ) (4)   $ 2,342 (4) (5)     $(48 ) (4)     $(101 ) (4)
 
                                   
 
(1)   Represents only net losses that are due to changes in economic conditions and management’s estimates of fair value and excludes changes due to the collection/realization of cash flows over time.
(2)   Included in other noninterest income.
(3)   Represents transfers from Level 2 of residential mortgages held for sale and debt securities (including collateralized debt obligations) for which significant inputs to the valuation became unobservable, largely due to reduced levels of market liquidity. Related gains and losses are included in above table.
(4)   Included in mortgage banking noninterest income.
(5)   Represents total unrealized gains of $4,132 million and $2,013 million, net of gains of $11 million and $203 million related to sales, for second quarter 2008 and 2007, respectively, and total unrealized gains of $2,334 million and $2,002 million, net of gains (losses) of $(8) million and $197 million related to sales, for the six months ended 2008 and 2007, respectively. These unrealized gains/losses relating to MSRs are substantially offset by losses/gains on derivatives economically hedging the risk in fair value changes of residential MSRs, as discussed further in Note 8 in this Report.

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We may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were still held in the balance sheet at quarter end, the following table provides the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment and the carrying value of the related individual assets or portfolios at quarter end.
                                         
   
                                    Total gains  
    Carrying value at quarter end     (losses) for six  
(in millions)   Total     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     months ended  
 

                                       
June 30, 2007
                                       

Mortgages held for sale
  $ 2,227     $ --     $ 2,227     $ --     $ (59 )
Loans (1)
    751       --       751       --       (1,328 )
Private equity investments
    3       --       --       3       (7 )
Foreclosed assets (2)
    319       --       319       --       (92 )
Operating lease assets
    30       --       30       --       (2 )
 
                                     
 
                                  $ (1,488 )
 
                                     

June 30, 2008
                                       

Mortgages held for sale
  $ 2,048     $ --     $ 1,863     $ 185     $ (91 )
Loans held for sale
    427       --       427       --       5  
Loans (1)
    900       --       847       53       (2,619 )
Private equity investments
    17       12       --       5       (19 )
Foreclosed assets (2)
    327       --       275       52       (127 )
Operating lease assets
    60       --       60       --       (3 )
 
                                     
 
                                  $ (2,854 )
 
                                     
 
(1)   Represents carrying value and related write-downs of loans for which adjustments are predominantly based on the appraised value of the collateral. The carrying value of loans fully charged-off, which includes unsecured lines and loans, is zero.
(2)   Represents the fair value and related losses of foreclosed real estate and other collateral owned that were measured at fair value subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed assets.

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Fair Value Option
The following table reflects the differences between fair value carrying amount of mortgages held for sale measured at fair value under FAS 159 and the aggregate unpaid principal amount we are contractually entitled to receive at maturity.
                                                 
   
    June 30, 2008     June 30, 2007
    Fair value     Fair value
    Fair value     Aggregate     carrying amount     Fair value     Aggregate     carrying amount
    carrying     unpaid     less aggregate     carrying     unpaid     less aggregate
(in millions)   amount     principal     unpaid principal     amount     principal     unpaid principal
 

                                               
Mortgages held for sale reported at fair value:
                                               
Total loans
  $ 22,940     $ 23,010     $ (70 ) (1)   $ 30,175     $ 30,208     $ (33 ) (1)
Nonaccrual loans
    66       140       (74 )     5       6       (1 )
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing
    42       47       (5 )     7       7       --  
 
(1)   The difference between fair value carrying amount and aggregate unpaid principal includes changes in fair value recorded at and subsequent to funding, gains and losses on the related loan commitment prior to funding, and premiums on acquired loans.
The assets accounted for under FAS 159 are initially measured at fair value. Gains and losses from initial measurement and subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. The changes in fair values related to initial measurement and subsequent changes in fair value included in earnings for these assets measured at fair value are shown, by income statement line item, below.
                                                                 
   
    Quarter ended June 30,     Six months ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
    Mortgages     Other     Mortgages     Other     Mortgages     Other     Mortgages     Other  
    held     interests     held     interests     held     interests     held     interests  
(in millions)   for sale     held     for sale     held     for sale     held     for sale     held  
 

                                                               
Changes in fair value included in net income:
                                                               
Mortgage banking noninterest income:
                                                               
Net gains (losses) on mortgage loan origination/sales activities (1)
  $ 97     $ --     $ (107 )   $ --     $ 849     $ --     $ 122     $ --  
Other noninterest income
    --       182       --       61       --       115       --       20  
 
(1) Includes changes in fair value of servicing associated with MHFS.
Interest income on mortgages held for sale measured at fair value is calculated based on the note rate of the loan and is recorded in interest income.

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14. PREFERRED STOCK
We are authorized to issue 20 million shares of preferred stock and 4 million shares of preference stock, both without par value. Preferred shares outstanding rank senior to common shares both as to dividends and liquidation preference but have no general voting rights. We have not issued any preference shares under this authorization.
                                                                 
   
    Shares issued and outstanding     Carrying amount (in millions)     Adjustable  
    June 30,     Dec. 31,     June 30,     June 30,     Dec. 31,     June 30,     dividends rate  
   
2008
   
2007
   
2007
   
2008
   
2007
   
2007
   
Minimum
   
Maximum
 

                                                               
ESOP Preferred Stock (1):
                                                               

2008
    291,703       --       --     $ 292     $ --     $ --       10.50 %     11.50 %

2007
    124,024       135,124       269,458       124       135       269       10.75       11.75  

2006
    93,766       95,866       106,121       94       96       106       10.75       11.75  

2005
    71,714       73,434       82,184       72       73       82       9.75       10.75  

2004
    54,360       55,610       63,680       54       56       63       8.50       9.50  

2003
    36,168       37,043       43,693       36       37       44       8.50       9.50  

2002
    25,179       25,779       32,079       25       26       32       10.50       11.50  

2001
    16,243       16,593       21,823       16       17       22       10.50       11.50  

2000
    8,929       9,094       13,874       9       9       14       11.50       12.50  

1999
    1,235       1,261       4,006       1       1       4       10.30       11.30  

1998
    --       --       551       --       --       1       10.75       11.75  
 
                                                   
Total ESOP Preferred Stock
    723,321       449,804       637,469     $ 723     $ 450     $ 637                  
 
                                                   

Unearned ESOP shares (2)
                          $ (771 )   $ (482 )   $ (682 )                
 
                                                         
 
(1)   Liquidation preference $1,000. At June 30, 2008, December 31, 2007, and June 30, 2007, additional paid-in capital included $48 million, $32 million and $45 million, respectively, related to preferred stock.
(2)   In accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Statement of Position 93-6, Employers’ Accounting for Employee Stock Ownership Plans, we recorded a corresponding charge to unearned ESOP shares in connection with the issuance of the ESOP Preferred Stock. The unearned ESOP shares are reduced as shares of the ESOP Preferred Stock are committed to be released.

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15. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
We sponsor noncontributory qualified defined benefit retirement plans including the Cash Balance Plan. The Cash Balance Plan is an active plan that covers eligible employees (except employees of certain subsidiaries).
Although we will not be required to make a contribution in 2008 for the Cash Balance Plan, our decision on how much to contribute, if any, will be based on the maximum deductible contribution under the Internal Revenue Code and other factors, including the actual investment performance of plan assets during 2008. Given these uncertainties, we cannot estimate at this time the amount, if any, that we will contribute in 2008 to the Cash Balance Plan.
Under FAS 158 we are required to change our measurement date for our pension and postretirement plan assets and benefit obligations from November 30 to December 31 beginning in 2008. To reflect this change, we recorded an $8 million (after tax) adjustment to the 2008 beginning balance of retained earnings.
The net periodic benefit cost was:
                                                 
   
    Pension benefits             Pension benefits        
            Non-     Other             Non-     Other  
(in millions)   Qualified     qualified     benefits     Qualified     qualified     benefits  
 
Quarter ended June 30,   2008
  2007
         

Service cost

  $ 73     $ 3     $ 4     $ 70     $ 4     $ 4  
Interest cost
    69       6       10       61       4       10  
Expected return on plan assets
    (119 )           (10 )     (112 )           (9 )
Amortization of net actuarial loss (1)
          4             8       3       2  
Amortization of prior service cost
          (2 )     (1 )           (1 )     (1 )
 
                                   
Net periodic benefit cost
  $ 23     $ 11     $ 3     $ 27     $ 10     $ 6  
 
                                   

Six months ended June 30,

                                               

Service cost

  $ 146     $ 7     $ 7     $ 140     $ 8     $ 8  
Interest cost
    138       11       20       122       8       20  
Expected return on plan assets
    (239 )           (20 )     (225 )           (18 )
Amortization of net actuarial loss (1)
          7             16       6       3  
Amortization of prior service cost
          (3 )     (2 )           (1 )     (2 )
 
                                   
Net periodic benefit cost
  $ 45     $ 22     $ 5     $ 53     $ 21     $ 11  
 
                                   
 
(1)   Net actuarial loss is generally amortized over five years.

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16. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The table below shows earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share and reconciles the numerator and denominator of both earnings per common share calculations.
                                 
   
    Quarter     Six months  
    ended June 30,     ended June 30,  
(in millions, except per share amounts)   2008     2007     2008     2007  
 

Net income (numerator)

  $ 1,753     $ 2,279     $ 3,752     $ 4,523  
 
                       

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

                               
Average common shares outstanding (denominator)
    3,309.8       3,351.2       3,306.1       3,363.5  
 
                       

Per share

  $ 0.53     $ 0.68     $ 1.13     $ 1.34  
 
                       

DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

                               
Average common shares outstanding
    3,309.8       3,351.2       3,306.1       3,363.5  
Add: Stock options
    11.5       38.0       13.4       38.9  
Restricted share rights
    0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1  
 
                       
Diluted average common shares outstanding (denominator)
    3,321.4       3,389.3       3,319.6       3,402.5  
 
                       

Per share

  $ 0.53     $ 0.67     $ 1.13     $ 1.33  
 
                       
 
At June 30, 2008 and 2007, options to purchase 178.1 million and 8.2 million shares, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share because the exercise price was higher than the market price, and therefore they were antidilutive.

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17. OPERATING SEGMENTS
We have three lines of business for management reporting: Community Banking, Wholesale Banking and Wells Fargo Financial. The results for these lines of business are based on our management accounting process, which assigns balance sheet and income statement items to each responsible operating segment. This process is dynamic and, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management accounting equivalent to generally accepted accounting principles. The management accounting process measures the performance of the operating segments based on our management structure and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for other financial services companies. We define our operating segments by product type and customer segments. If the management structure and/or the allocation process changes, allocations, transfers and assignments may change. To reflect the realignment of our corporate trust business from Community Banking into Wholesale Banking in first quarter 2008, balances for prior periods have been revised.
The Community Banking Group offers a complete line of diversified financial products and services to consumers and small businesses with annual sales generally up to $20 million in which the owner generally is the financial decision maker. Community Banking also offers investment management and other services to retail customers and high net worth individuals, securities brokerage through affiliates and venture capital financing. These products and services include the Wells Fargo Advantage FundsSM, a family of mutual funds, as well as personal trust and agency assets. Loan products include lines of credit, equity lines and loans, equipment and transportation (recreational vehicle and marine) loans, education loans, origination and purchase of residential mortgage loans and servicing of mortgage loans and credit cards. Other credit products and financial services available to small businesses and their owners include receivables and inventory financing, equipment leases, real estate financing, Small Business Administration financing, venture capital financing, cash management, payroll services, retirement plans, Health Savings Accounts and merchant payment processing. Consumer and business deposit products include checking accounts, savings deposits, market rate accounts, Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), time deposits and debit cards.
Community Banking serves customers through a wide range of channels, which include traditional banking stores, in-store banking centers, business centers and ATMs. Also, Phone BankSM centers and the National Business Banking Center provide 24-hour telephone service. Online banking services include single sign-on to online banking, bill pay and brokerage, as well as online banking for small business.
The Wholesale Banking Group serves businesses across the United States with annual sales generally in excess of $10 million. Wholesale Banking provides a complete line of commercial, corporate and real estate banking products and services. These include traditional commercial loans and lines of credit, letters of credit, asset-based lending, equipment leasing, mezzanine financing, high-yield debt, international trade facilities, foreign exchange services, treasury management, investment management, institutional fixed-income sales, interest rate, commodity and equity risk management, online/electronic products such as the Commercial Electronic Office® (CEO®) portal, insurance, corporate trust fiduciary and agency services, and investment banking services. Wholesale Banking manages and administers institutional investments, employee benefit trusts and mutual funds, including the Wells Fargo Advantage Funds. Wholesale Banking includes the majority ownership interest in the Wells Fargo HSBC Trade

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Bank, which provides trade financing, letters of credit and collection services and is sometimes supported by the Export-Import Bank of the United States (a public agency of the United States offering export finance support for American-made products). Wholesale Banking also supports the commercial real estate market with products and services such as construction loans for commercial and residential development, land acquisition and development loans, secured and unsecured lines of credit, interim financing arrangements for completed structures, rehabilitation loans, affordable housing loans and letters of credit, permanent loans for securitization, commercial real estate loan servicing and real estate and mortgage brokerage services.
Wells Fargo Financial includes consumer finance and auto finance operations. Consumer finance operations make direct consumer and real estate loans to individuals and purchase sales finance contracts from retail merchants from offices throughout the United States, and in Canada and the Pacific Rim. Auto finance operations specialize in purchasing sales finance contracts directly from auto dealers and making loans secured by autos in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. Wells Fargo Financial also provides credit cards and lease and other commercial financing.
The Consolidated Company total of average assets includes unallocated goodwill balances held at the enterprise level.
                                                                 
   
(income/expense in millions,   Community     Wholesale     Wells Fargo     Consolidated  
average balances in billions)   Banking     Banking     Financial     Company  
 
Quarter ended June 30,
    2008       2007       2008       2007       2008       2007       2008       2007  

Net interest income (1)

  $ 4,136     $ 3,225     $ 1,020     $ 888     $ 1,122     $ 1,083     $ 6,278     $ 5,196  
Provision for credit losses
    1,996       353       245       1       771       366       3,012       720  
Noninterest income
    3,411       2,946       1,480       1,421       290       328       5,181       4,695  
Noninterest expense
    3,737       3,590       1,420       1,346       703       791       5,860       5,727  
 
                                               
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)
    1,814       2,228       835       962       (62 )     254       2,587       3,444  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    580       726       278       341       (24 )     98       834       1,165  
 
                                               
Net income (loss)
  $ 1,234     $ 1,502     $ 557     $ 621     $ (38 )   $ 156     $ 1,753     $ 2,279  
 
                                               

Average loans

  $ 215.9     $ 186.6     $ 107.6     $ 81.4     $ 68.0     $ 64.0     $ 391.5     $ 332.0  
Average assets (2)
    365.9       319.8       149.9       107.3       73.1       69.8       594.7       502.7  
Average core deposits
    252.6       243.0       65.8       57.5                   318.4       300.5  

Six months ended June 30,

                                                               

Net interest income (1)

  $ 7,772     $ 6,375     $ 2,052     $ 1,743     $ 2,214     $ 2,088     $ 12,038     $ 10,206  
Provision for credit losses
    3,309       659       406       14       1,325       762       5,040       1,435  
Noninterest income
    6,634       5,711       2,730       2,768       620       647       9,984       9,126  
Noninterest expense
    7,073       7,160       2,835       2,553       1,414       1,540       11,322       11,253  
 
                                               
Income before income tax expense
    4,024       4,267       1,541       1,944       95       433       5,660       6,644  
Income tax expense
    1,363       1,266       509       690       36       165       1,908       2,121  
 
                                               
Net income
  $ 2,661     $ 3,001     $ 1,032     $ 1,254     $ 59     $ 268     $ 3,752     $ 4,523  
 
                                               

Average loans

  $ 215.4     $ 183.7     $ 104.1     $ 79.7     $ 68.2     $ 63.3     $ 387.7     $ 326.7  
Average assets (2)
    361.4       313.4       144.2       104.3       73.5       69.0       584.9       492.5  
Average core deposits
    250.4       240.0       67.4       55.6                   317.8       295.6  
 
(1)   Net interest income is the difference between interest earned on assets and the cost of liabilities to fund those assets. Interest earned includes actual interest earned on segment assets and, if the segment has excess liabilities, interest credits for providing funding to other segments. The cost of liabilities includes interest expense on segment liabilities and, if the segment does not have enough liabilities to fund its assets, a funding charge based on the cost of excess liabilities from another segment. In general, Community Banking has excess liabilities and receives interest credits for the funding it provides to other segments.
(2)   The Consolidated Company balance includes unallocated goodwill held at the enterprise level of $5.8 billion for all periods presented.

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18. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Following are the condensed consolidating financial statements of the Parent and Wells Fargo Financial, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (WFFI). The Wells Fargo Financial business segment for management reporting (see Note 17 in this Report) consists of WFFI and other affiliated finance entities managed by WFFI that are included within other consolidating subsidiaries in the following tables.
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income
                                         
   
    Quarter ended June 30, 2008  
                    Other                
                    consolidating             Consolidated  
(in millions)   Parent     WFFI     subsidiaries     Eliminations     Company  
 

Dividends from subsidiaries:

                                       
Bank
  $ 358     $     $     $ (358 )   $  
Nonbank
                             
Interest income from loans
    1       1,339       5,480       (14 )     6,806  
Interest income from subsidiaries
    711                   (711 )      
Other interest income
    40       26       1,762       (87 )     1,741  
 
                             
Total interest income
    1,110       1,365       7,242       (1,170 )     8,547  
 
                             

Deposits

                1,168       (105 )     1,063  
Short-term borrowings
    112       56       512       (323 )     357  
Long-term debt
    657       464       112       (384 )     849  
 
                             
Total interest expense
    769       520       1,792       (812 )     2,269  
 
                             

NET INTEREST INCOME

    341       845       5,450       (358 )     6,278  
Provision for credit losses
          638       2,374             3,012  
 
             </