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•	A multi-tenant application architecture designed to enable our service offerings to scale securely, reliably and cost effectively.

•	Rapid deployment and lower total cost of ownership with multiple releases per year deployed automatically with new features and functionality.

•	Ease of integration and configuration with application programming interfaces that enable customers to integrate our solutions with existing third-party, custom and legacy apps, as well as write their own application services that integrate with our solutions.

•	Solutions designed to be intuitive and easy to use with minimal training.

•	Rapid development of apps without having to invest in hardware by providing infrastructure and development environments on demand.

•	Continuous innovation through our Ideas Exchange, which is a forum to provide feedback and suggest new features for future service releases.

•	Positive environmental impact with our multi-tenant cloud computing model that has a smaller environmental footprint than traditional hardware and software.

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•	Vendors of packaged business software, as well as companies offering enterprise apps delivered through on-premises offerings from enterprise software application vendors and cloud computing application service providers, either individually or with others;

•	Internally developed enterprise applications (by our potential customers’ IT departments);

•	Software companies that provide their product or service free of charge, and only charge a premium for advanced features and functionality;

•	Marketing vendors, which may be specialized in advertising, targeting, messaging, or campaign automation;

•	E-commerce solutions from established and emerging cloud-only vendors and established on-premises vendors;

•	Traditional platform development environment companies and cloud computing development platform companies who may develop toolsets and products that allow customers to build new apps that run on the customers’ current infrastructure or as hosted services;

•	IoT platforms from large companies that have existing relationships with hardware and software companies; and

•	AI solutions from new startups and established companies.

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ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS

•	third party attempts to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as user names, passwords or other information to gain access to our customers’ data, our data or our IT systems;

•	efforts by individuals or groups of hackers and sophisticated organizations, including state-sponsored organizations or nation-states;

•	cyber-attacks on our internally built infrastructure on which many of our service offerings operate;

•	vulnerabilities resulting from enhancements and updates to our existing service offerings;

•	vulnerabilities in the products or components across the broad ecosystem that our services operate in conjunction with and are dependent on;

•	vulnerabilities existing within newly acquired or integrated technologies and infrastructures;

•	attacks on, or vulnerabilities in, the many different underlying networks and services that power the internet that our products depend on, most of which are not under our control or the control of our vendors, partners, or customers; and

•	employee or contractor errors or intentional acts that compromise our security systems.

•	frequent changes to, and growth in complexity of, the techniques used to breach, obtain unauthorized access to, or sabotage IT systems and infrastructure, which are generally not recognized until launched against a target, possibly resulting in our being unable to anticipate or implement adequate measures to prevent such techniques;

•	the continued evolution of our internal IT systems as we early adopt new technologies and new ways of sharing data and communicating internally and with partners and customers, which increases the complexity of our IT systems;

•	authorization by our customers to third-party technology providers to access their customer data, which may lead to our customers' inability to protect their data that is stored on our servers; and

•	our limited control over our customers or third-party technology providers, or the processing of data by third-party technology providers, which may not allow us to maintain the integrity or security of such transmissions or processing.

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•	potential failure to achieve the expected benefits on a timely basis or at all;

•	difficulties in, and the cost of, integrating operations, technologies, services, platforms and personnel;

•	diversion of financial and managerial resources from existing operations;

•	the potential entry into new markets in which we have little or no experience or where competitors may have stronger market positions;

•	potential write-offs of acquired assets or investments, and potential financial and credit risks associated with acquired customers;

•	failure to assimilate acquired employees which may lead to retention risk of both key acquired employees or our existing key employees or disruption to existing teams;

•	differences between our values and those of our acquired companies;

•	difficulties in re-training key employees of acquired companies and integrating them into our organizational structure and corporate culture;

•	difficulties in and financial costs of addressing acquired compensation structures inconsistent with our compensation structure;

•	inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset acquisition or investment costs;

•	inability to maintain relationships with customers and partners of the acquired business;

•	changes to customer relationships or customer perception of the acquired business as a result of the acquisition;

•	challenges converting and forecasting the acquired company's revenue recognition policies including subscription-based revenues and revenues based on the transfer of control as well as appropriate allocation of the customer consideration to the individual deliverables;

•	difficulty of transitioning the acquired technology onto our existing platforms and customer acceptance of multiple platforms on a temporary or permanent basis;

•	augmenting the acquired technologies and platforms to the levels that are consistent with our brand and reputation;

•	potential for acquired products to impact the profitability of existing products;

•	potential identified or unknown security vulnerabilities in acquired products that expose us to additional security risks or delay our ability to integrate the product into our service offerings or recognize the benefits of our investment;

•	increasing or maintaining the security standards for acquired technology consistent with our other services;

•	potential unknown liabilities associated with the acquired businesses;

•	challenges relating to the structure of an investment, such as governance, accountability and decision-making conflicts that may arise in the context of a joint venture or other majority ownership investments;

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•	unanticipated expenses related to acquired technology and its integration into our existing technology;

•	negative impact to our results of operations because of the depreciation and amortization of amounts related to acquired intangible assets, fixed assets and deferred compensation;

•	additional stock-based compensation; the loss of acquired unearned revenue and unbilled unearned revenue;

•	delays in customer purchases due to uncertainty related to any acquisition;

•	ineffective or inadequate controls, procedures and policies at the acquired company may negatively impact our results of operations;

•	in the case of foreign acquisitions, challenges caused by integrating operations over distance, and across different languages, cultures and political environments;

•	currency and regulatory risks associated with foreign countries and potential additional cybersecurity and compliance risks resulting from entry into new markets; and

•	the tax effects and costs of any such acquisitions including the related integration into our tax structure and assessment of the impact on the realizability of our future tax assets or liabilities.

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•	Vendors of packaged business software, as well as companies offering enterprise apps delivered through on-premises offerings from enterprise software application vendors and cloud computing application service providers, either individually or with others;

•	Software companies that provide their product or service free of charge, and only charge a premium for advanced features and functionality;

•	Internally developed enterprise applications (by our potential customers’ IT departments);

•	Marketing vendors, which may be specialized in advertising, targeting, messaging, or campaign automation;

•	E-commerce solutions from established and emerging cloud-only vendors and established on-premises vendors;

•	Integration software vendors, integration service providers and API management providers;

•	Traditional platform development environment companies and cloud computing development platform companies who may develop toolsets and products that allow customers to build new apps that run on the customers’ current infrastructure or as hosted services;

•	IoT platforms from large companies that have existing relationships with hardware and software companies; and

•	Artificial intelligence solutions from new startups and established companies.

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•	our ability to retain and increase sales to existing customers, attract new customers and satisfy our customers’ requirements;

•	the attrition rates for our services;

•	the rate of expansion and productivity of our sales force;

•	the length of the sales cycle for our services;

•	new product and service introductions by our competitors;

•	our success in selling our services to large enterprises;

•	our ability to realize benefits from strategic partnerships, acquisitions or investments;

•	general economic or geopolitical conditions, which may adversely affect either our customers’ ability or willingness to purchase additional subscriptions or upgrade their services, or delay a prospective customer's purchasing decision, reduce the value of new subscription contracts, or affect attrition rates;

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•	variations in the revenue mix of our services and growth rates of our cloud subscription and support offerings, including the timing of software license sales and sales offerings that include an on-premise software element for which the revenue allocated to that deliverable is recognized upfront;

•	the seasonality of our sales cycle, including software license sales, and timing of contract execution and the corresponding impact on revenue recognized at a point in time;

•	changes in our pricing policies and terms of contracts, whether initiated by us or as a result of competition;

•	changes in payment terms and the timing of customer payments and payment defaults by customers;

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changes in unearned revenue and the remaining performance obligation, due to seasonality, the timing of and compounding effects of renewals, invoice duration, size and timing, new business linearity between quarters and within a quarter, average contract term, the timing of license software revenue recognition, or fluctuations due to foreign currency movements, all of which may impact implied growth rates;

•	the seasonality of our customers’ businesses, especially Commerce Cloud customers, including retailers and branded manufacturers;

•	changes in foreign currency exchange rates such as with respect to the British Pound;

•	the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures related to the operations and expansion of our business;

•	the number of new employees;

•	the timing of commission, bonus, and other compensation payments to employees;

•	the cost, timing and management effort for the introduction of new features to our services;

•	the costs associated with acquiring new businesses and technologies and the follow-on costs of integration and consolidating the results of acquired businesses;

•	expenses related to our real estate, our office leases and our data center capacity and expansion;

•	timing of additional investments in our enterprise cloud computing application and platform services and in our consulting services;

•	expenses related to significant, unusual or discrete events, which are recorded in the period in which the events occur;

•	extraordinary expenses such as litigation or other dispute-related settlement payments;

•	income tax effects, including the impact of changes in U.S. federal and state and international tax laws applicable to corporate multinationals;

•	the timing of payroll and other withholding tax expenses, which are triggered by the payment of bonuses and when employees exercise their vested stock awards;

•	technical difficulties or interruptions in our services;

•	changes in interest rates and our mix of investments, which would impact the return on our investments in cash and marketable securities;

•	conditions, particularly sudden changes, in the financial markets, which have impacted and may continue to impact the value of and liquidity of our investment portfolio;

•	changes in the fair value of our strategic investments in early-to-late stage privately held and public companies, which could negatively and materially impact our financial results, particularly in periods of significant market fluctuations;

•	equity issuances, including as consideration in acquisitions;

•	the timing of stock awards to employees and the related adverse financial statement impact of having to expense those stock awards on a straight-line basis over their vesting schedules;

•	evolving regulations of cloud computing and cross-border data transfer restrictions and similar regulations;

•	regulatory compliance costs; and

•	the impact of new accounting pronouncements and associated system implementations, for example, the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”), which includes the accounting for lease assets and lease liabilities.

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•	localization of our services, including translation into foreign languages and associated expenses;

•	regulatory frameworks or business practices favoring local competitors;

•	pressure on the creditworthiness of sovereign nations, particularly in Europe, where we have customers and a balance of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities;

•	evolving domestic and international tax environments;

•	liquidity issues or political actions by sovereign nations, including nations with a controlled currency environment, which could result in decreased values of these balances or potential difficulties protecting our foreign assets or satisfying local obligations;

•	foreign currency fluctuations and controls, which may make our services more expensive for international customers and could add volatility to our operating results;

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compliance with multiple, conflicting, ambiguous or evolving governmental laws and regulations, including employment, tax, privacy, anti-corruption, import/export, antitrust, data transfer, storage and protection, and industry-specific laws and regulations, including rules related to compliance by our third-party resellers and our ability to identify and respond timely to compliance issues when they occur;

•	vetting and monitoring our third-party resellers in new and evolving markets to confirm they maintain standards consistent with our brand and reputation;

•	uncertainty regarding regulation, currency, tax, and operations resulting from the Brexit vote that could disrupt trade, the sale of our services and commerce, and movement of our people between the United Kingdom, European Union, and locations;

•	changes in the public perception of governments in the regions where we operate or plan to operate;

•	regional data privacy laws and other regulatory requirements that apply to outsourced service providers and to the transmission of our customers’ data across international borders, which grow more complex as we scale and expand into new markets;

•	treatment of revenue from international sources, intellectual property considerations and changes to tax codes, including being subject to foreign tax laws and being liable for paying withholding income or other taxes in foreign jurisdictions;

•	different pricing environments;

•	difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;

•	different or lesser protection of our intellectual property;

•	longer accounts receivable payment cycles and other collection difficulties;

•	natural disasters, acts of war, terrorism, pandemics or security breaches; and

•	regional economic and political conditions.

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•	impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, general corporate or other purposes;

•	cause us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations towards debt service obligations and principal repayments; and

•	make us more vulnerable to downturns in our business, our industry or the economy in general.

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•	variations in our operating results, earnings per share, cash flows from operating activities, unearned revenue, remaining performance obligation, year-over-year growth rates for individual core service offerings and other financial metrics and non-financial metrics, such as transaction usage volumes and other usage metrics, and how those results compare to analyst expectations;

•	variations in, and limitations of, the various financial and other metrics and modeling used by analysts in their research and reports about our business;

•	forward-looking guidance to industry and financial analysts related to, for example, future revenue, unearned revenue, remaining performance obligation, cash flows from operating activities and earnings per share;

•	changes in the estimates of our operating results or changes in recommendations by securities analysts that elect to follow our common stock;

•	announcements of technological innovations, new services or service enhancements, strategic alliances or significant agreements by us or by our competitors;

•	announcements by us or by our competitors of mergers or other strategic acquisitions, or rumors of such transactions involving us or our competitors;

•	announcements of customer additions and customer cancellations or delays in customer purchases;

•	the coverage of our common stock by the financial media, including television, radio and press reports and blogs;

•	recruitment or departure of key personnel;

•	disruptions in our service due to computer hardware, software, network or data center problems;

•	the economy as a whole, geopolitical conditions, market conditions in our industry and the industries of our customers;

•	trading activity by a limited number of stockholders who together beneficially own a significant portion of our outstanding common stock;

•	the issuance of shares of common stock by us, whether in connection with an acquisition or a capital raising transaction; and

•	issuance of debt or other convertible securities.

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•	permit the board of directors to establish the number of directors;

•	provide that directors may only be removed with the approval of holders of 66 2/3 percent of our outstanding capital stock;

•	require super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws;

•	authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that our board could use to implement a stockholder rights plan (also known as a “poison pill”);

•	prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which requires all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;

•	provide that the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws; and

•	establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at annual stockholder meetings.

ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

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ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

ITEM 4A.	EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

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ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

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ITEM 6.	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

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(3)	Certain reclassifications to fiscal 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015 balances were made to conform to the current period presentation in the consolidated statement of operations. Specifically, other income (expense) has been separated into other income (expense) and gains (losses) on strategic investments, net.

(4)	Amounts include a benefit related to the partial release of the valuation allowance of $612 million, $2 million, $226 million, $1 million, and $0 million for fiscal 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

(5)	Excludes the restricted cash balance of $115 million as of January 31, 2015.

(6)

The Company considers all of its marketable debt securities to be available to support current liquidity needs including those with maturity dates beyond one year, and therefore classifies these securities within current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. For consistency in presentation, working capital in the table above as of January 31, 2016 and 2015 includes amounts previously reported in Marketable securities, noncurrent. In addition, other reclassifications were made to balances as of January 31, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015 to conform to the current period presentation.

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ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

•	cross sell and upsell;

•	extend existing service offerings;

•	reduce customer attrition;

•	expand and strengthen the partner ecosystem;

•	expand internationally;

•	target vertical industries;

•	expand into new horizontal markets;

•	extend go-to-market capabilities;

•	ensure strong customer adoption; and

•	encourage the development of third-party applications on our cloud computing platform.

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•	future expected cash flows from subscription and support contracts, professional services contracts, other customer contracts and acquired developed technologies and patents;

•	the acquired company’s trade name and existing customer relationships, as well as assumptions about the period of time the acquired trade name will continue to be used in our offerings;

•	uncertain tax positions and tax related valuation allowances assumed; and

•	discount rates.

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In fiscal 2019, we remained a net-zero greenhouse gas emissions company, continued delivering a carbon neutral cloud for all customers and procured electricity from renewable energy resources equivalent to 55 percent of what we used globally. To support our commitment to renewable energy, we have signed four virtual power purchase agreements (“VPPAs”). This includes two agreements which were signed in fiscal 2019: our largest VPPA to date with a new wind energy project in Illinois that is expected to be operational in fiscal year 2020, and our first-ever renewable energy aggregation deal with a new solar energy project in North Carolina which is expected to be operational in fiscal 2021. In addition, the three buildings at our corporate headquarters in San Francisco sourced 100 percent renewable energy in fiscal 2019.

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We are active in and support organizations that move the United States and the world toward a more sustainable, low-carbon future. In fiscal 2019, we partnered with Mission 2020 to establish the Step Up Declaration, a new alliance committed to harnessing the power of emerging technologies to help reduce emissions across all economic sectors. As part of the declaration we committed to expand our carbon offset program to include business travel and employee commuting, and to continue to expand our sustainable real estate commitments. We also committed to setting our own science-based targets, including working with our suppliers to set their own climate targets. In addition, we were a founding member of the Business Renewables Center, signed the Corporate Renewable Energy Buyers’ Principles, helped to launch the Corporate Colocation and Cloud Buyers’ Principles, disclosed our annual carbon emissions to the Carbon Disclosure Project and signed on to initiatives such as We Mean Business and the American Business Act on Climate.

•	As part of our ongoing work to promote equality, we review the salaries and bonuses of our global workforce on an annual basis to ensure everyone is paid equally for equal work and close any unexplained gaps. To date, we have spent $8.7 million to ensure equal pay for equal work. We also review differences in pay for not only gender, but also race and ethnicity in the United States.

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Our employees are engaged in and actively support our commitment to equality and enhancing our Ohana culture. We support ten employee-led and founded “Ohana Groups,” which provide a community for underrepresented groups and their allies, offer professional development and mentoring opportunities, and empower employees to be responsive equality leaders in their community. This has resulted in nearly half of our employees engaging in Ohana Groups in fiscal 2019.

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Together with the Salesforce Foundation, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, and Salesforce.org, a nonprofit social enterprise, which are not included in our consolidated financial statements, to date we have given approximately $260 million to charitable organizations, logged more than 3.8 million employee volunteer hours around the world and provided more than 40,000 nonprofit and higher education organizations with the use of our service offerings for free or at a discount.

•	We have significantly increased the diversity of our Board over the past five years, including with respect to gender and race.

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ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

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ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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(1)	Amounts include amortization of intangible assets acquired through business combinations, as follows:

(2)	Amounts include stock-based expense, as follows:

(3)	Amounts include a benefit related to the partial release of the valuation allowance of $612 million, $2 million and $226 million for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The fiscal 2019 benefit was partially offset by an increase in unrecognized tax benefits.

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•	the standalone selling price (SSP) of performance obligations for contracts with multiple performance obligations;

•	the estimate of variable consideration as part of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”);

•	the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for business combinations;

•	the recognition, measurement and valuation of current and deferred income taxes;

•	the average period of benefit associated with costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts;

•	the fair value of certain stock awards issued;

•	the useful lives of intangible assets; and

•	the valuation of privately-held strategic investments.

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•	Removal of the limitation on contingent revenue, which can result in the subscription and support revenue for certain multi-year customer contracts being recognized earlier in the duration of the contract term;

•	More allocation of subscription and support revenues across the Company’s cloud service offerings and to professional services revenue; and

•	Inclusion of an estimate of variable consideration, such as overage fees, in the total transaction price, which results in the estimated fees being recognized ratably over the contract term, further resulting in the recognition of subscription and support revenues before the actual variable consideration occurs.

•	The Company has not disclosed the remaining performance obligation (formerly, remaining transaction price) for all of the reporting periods prior to the first quarter of fiscal 2019; and

•	Contracts modified before fiscal 2017 were reflected using the retrospective method.

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approximately 324,000 rentable square feet of office space in a building to be constructed as part of the Company's urban campus in San Francisco, California. As of January 31, 2019, construction has not yet commenced on the building and is dependent on the developer obtaining approval from the City and County of San Francisco. The Company expects to begin occupying the space in fiscal 2024 and the total non-cancelable minimum payments under this agreement are approximately $480 million over 16 years. Construction has not commenced on the building and is dependent on the developer obtaining approvals from the City and County of San Francisco.

•	approximately 603,000 rentable square feet of office space in a building to be constructed in Chicago, Illinois. As of January 31, 2019 construction has not yet commenced on the building. The Company expects to begin occupying the space in fiscal 2022 and the total non-cancelable minimum payments under this agreement are approximately $475 million over 17 years.

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ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

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ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION

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ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

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ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

ITEM 16.	10-K SUMMARY

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