Durango Corporation
Table of Contents



SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F/A

(Amendment No. 1)

o REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR
(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 1-13148

Corporación Durango, S.A. de C.V.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Durango Corporation
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

United Mexican States
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Torre Corporativa Durango
Potasio 150
Ciudad Industrial
Durango, Durango, Mexico 34220
+52 (618) 814-1658
and
+52 (618) 814-2799

(Address and telephone number of principal executive offices)


Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
     
    Name of each exchange on which
Title of each class:
  registered:
Series A Common Stock, without par value, or Series A Shares
  New York Stock Exchange*
Ordinary Participation Certificates, or CPOs, each representing one Series A Share
  New York Stock Exchange*
American Depositary Shares, or ADSs, each representing two CPOs
  New York Stock Exchange
13 1/8% Senior Notes due 2006, or the 2006 notes
  New York Stock Exchange
13 1/2% Senior Notes due 2008, or the 2008 notes
  New York Stock Exchange


*   Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares, pursuant to the requirements of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 91,832,122 Series A Shares, without par value

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 o Item 18 x



 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART III
Item 18. Financial Statements
Item 19. Exhibits
SIGNATURES
Sec 302 Chief Executive Officer Certification
Sec 302 Chief Financial Officer Certification
Sec 906 Chief Executive Officer Certification
Sec 906 Chief Financial Officer Certification


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EXPLANATORY NOTE

     This Amendment No. 1 on Form 20-F/A, or Amendment No. 1, is being filed solely to amend the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, or the Original Form 20-F, as filed by Corporación Durango, S.A. de C.V., or our company, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on July 15, 2004 in the following ways:

  to include the Reports of Independent Auditors relating to the consolidated financial statements of our company, as of and for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001;

  to include the Reports of Independent Auditors relating to the financial statements of Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S.A. de C.V., as of and for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001;

  to include the Reports of Independent Auditors relating to the financial statements of Industrias Centauro, S.A. de C.V., as of and for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001;

  to include the certifications applicable to foreign private issuers pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; and

  to include the certifications applicable to foreign private issuers pursuant to Rules 13a-14(b)/15d-14(b) as required by Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

     This Amendment No. 1 amends and restates in their entirety Items 18 and 19 of the Original Form 20-F. Other than as expressly set forth above, this Amendment No. 1 does not, and does not purport to, amend, update or restate the information in the Original Form 20-F or reflect any events that have occurred after the Original Form 20-F was filed.

 


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PART III

Item 18. Financial Statements.

     See pages F-1 to F-125, incorporated herein by reference.

Item 19. Exhibits.

Documents filed as exhibits to this annual report:

1.1   Bylaws of our company, as amended (English translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to our company’s annual report on Form 20-F filed on July 15, 2004)
 
2.1   Form of Indenture between CODUSA and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (as successor by merger to Wells Fargo Bank Minnesota, N.A., and successor in such capacity to JPMorgan Chase Bank, f/k/a The Chase Manhattan Bank), relating to the 2006 notes (incorporated by reference from Registration Statement No. 333-13082 on Form F-1 filed on January 19, 2001)
 
2.2   First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 8, 2001, among CODUSA, GIDUSA and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (as successor by merger to Wells Fargo Bank Minnesota, N.A., and successor in such capacity to JPMorgan Chase Bank, f/k/a The Chase Manhattan Bank), relating to the assumption by our company of CODUSA’s obligations under the 2006 notes and the indenture for the 2006 notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to our company’s annual report on Form 20-F filed on June 12, 2002)
 
2.3   Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 24, 2002 among our company, certain of our company’s subsidiaries and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (as successor by merger to Wells Fargo Bank Minnesota, N.A., and successor in such capacity to JPMorgan Chase Bank, f/k/a The Chase Manhattan Bank), relating to the guarantee by certain of our subsidiaries of the 2006 notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to our company’s annual report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2003)
 
2.4   Form of Indenture between CODUSA and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (as successor by merger to Wells Fargo Bank Minnesota, N.A., and successor in such capacity to JPMorgan Chase Bank, f/k/a The Chase Manhattan Bank), relating to the 2009 notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.8 to our company’s annual report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2003)
 
2.5   First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 24, 2002, among our company, certain of our company’s subsidiaries and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (as successor by merger to Wells Fargo Bank Minnesota, N.A., and successor in such capacity to JPMorgan Chase Bank, f/k/a The Chase Manhattan Bank), relating to the guarantee by certain of our subsidiaries of the 2009 notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.9 to our company’s annual report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2003)
 
2.6   The total amount of long-term debt securities of our company and its subsidiaries under any one instrument, other than the 2006 notes and the 2009 notes, does not exceed 10% of the total assets of our company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. We agree to furnish copies of any or all such instruments to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
 
2.7   Form of Deposit Agreement among our company, The Bank of New York and owners and beneficial owners of American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder, including the form of American Depositary Receipts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to our company’s registration statement No. 33-80148 on Form F-1 filed on June 10, 1994)
 
2.8   Trust Agreement, dated November 24, 1989, between NAFIN, as grantor, and NAFIN, Trust Department, as CPO trustee, together with an English translation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to our company’s registration statement No. 33-80148 on Form F-1 filed on June 10, 1994)
 
2.9   Public Deed with respect to the CPOs, together with an English translation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to our company’s registration statement No. 33-80148 on Form F-1 filed on June 10, 1994)
 
2.10   Instrument of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance, dated as of February 5, 2003, among our company, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (as successor by merger to Wells Fargo Bank Minnesota, N.A.) and JPMorgan Chase Bank (f/k/a Chase Manhattan Bank), relating to the replacement of the trustee for our company’s 2003 notes, 2006 notes, 2008 notes and 2009 notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.17 to our company’s annual report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2003)
 
4.1   Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2002, between our company and Operadora Omega Internacional, S.A. de C.V., relating to the sale of 100% of the total issued and outstanding capital stock

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    and certain promissory notes of Durango Paper Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our company’s annual report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2003)
 
4.2   Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 3, 2003, among our company, Titán and Empaques Moldeados de América Tecnologías, S.R.L. de C.V., relating to the sale of assets of our company’s molded pulp division (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our company’s annual report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2003)
 
4.3   Amendment No. 1, dated February 28, 2003, to the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 3, 2003, among our company, Titán and Empaques Moldeados de América Tecnologías, S.R.L. de C.V., relating to the sale of assets of our company’s molded pulp division (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to our company’s annual report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2003)
 
8   List of Subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8 to our company’s annual report on Form 20-F filed on July 15, 2004)
 
12.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
12.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
13.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
13.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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SIGNATURES

     The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F/A and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Amendment No. 1 on its behalf.

         
  CORPORACIÓN DURANGO, S.A. DE C.V.
 
 
  By:        /s/ Mayela Rincón de Velasco    
    Name:   Mayela Rincón de Velasco   
    Title:   Chief Financial Officer   
 

Date: July 22, 2004

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CORPORACIÓN DURANGO, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
as of December 31, 2002 and 2003 and for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003

         
    Page
Reports of independent registered public accounting firms
    F-1  
Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2002 and 2003
    F-5  
Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
    F-7  
Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
    F-9  
Consolidated statements of changes in financial position for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
    F-10  
Notes to combined and consolidated financial statements
    F-12  

COMPANIA PAPELERA DE ATENQUIQUE, S.A. DE C.V.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

as of December 31, 2002 and 2003 and for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
         
    Page
Reports of independent registered public accounting firms
    F-61  
Balance sheets as of December 31, 2002 and 2003
    F-65  
Statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
    F-67  
Statements of changes in stockholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
    F-68  
Statements of changes in financial position for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
    F-69  
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
    F-71  

INDUSTRIAS CENTAURO, S.A. DE C.V.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

as of December 31, 2002 and 2003 and for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
         
    Page
Reports of independent registered public accounting firms
    F-95  
Balance sheets as of December 31, 2002 and 2003
    F-99  
Statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
    F-100  
Statements of changes in stockholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
    F-101  
Statements of changes in financial position for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
    F-102  
Notes to the financial statements
    F-103  

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Report of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm to the Board of Directors
and Stockholders of
Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2003, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and changes in financial position for the year then ended, all expressed in thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in Mexico and with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the 2003 consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2003, and the results of their operations, changes in their stockholders’ equity and changes in their financial position for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico.

Accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The application of the latter would have affected the determination of stockholders’ equity and net loss as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003 to the extent summarized in Note 25.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2003 and for the year then ended have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As described in Note 1 to the financial statements, since November 2002 the Company has failed to pay principal and interest of certain obligations, and therefore the Company reclassified most of its debt as short-term. In addition, during 2003 and 2002 the Company has incurred significant consolidated net losses, and since 2001 its operating margin has declined substantially. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company had negative working capital and is experiencing severe liquidity problems. Furthermore, as discussed in Note 23, the Company estimates that upon the adoption of Bulletin C-15, “Impairment of the Value of Long-Lived Assets and Their Disposal”, whose application is mandatory for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2004, a charge to results of operations for the year 2004 of Ps.621,619, net of deferred income tax, will be required, which will additionally reduce its stockholders’ equity. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans concerning these matters, as well as its plan of restructuring, are described in Note 1; however, this plan has not been completed. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to generate profits and to restructure its debt. The accompanying financial statements do not include any additional adjustments related to the valuation and presentation of assets or the presentation and amount of liabilities that might result if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

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The accompanying financial statements have been translated into English for the convenience of readers in the United States of America.

Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S. C.
A member firm of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu

C.P.C. Claudia Leticia Rizo Navarro

April 30, 2004
(June 28, 2004 as to Notes 1.e, 24, 25, 26 and 27)

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Mexico, D. F., April 25, 2003, except with respect to the restatement to constant pesos as
December 31, 2003 and Note 18 as to which the date is July 13, 2004.

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Corporación Durango, S.A. de C.V.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Corporación Durango, S.A. de C.V. and subsidiaries (formerly Grupo Industrial Durango, S. A. de C. V. and subsidiaries), as of December 31, 2002 and the related consolidated statements of income, of changes in shareholders’ equity and of changes in financial position for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2002, which, as described in Note 2, have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States of America) as well as generally accepted auditing standards in Mexico. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. and subsidiaries (formerly Grupo Industrial Durango, S. A. de C. V. and subsidiaries), as of December 31, 2002 and the consolidated results of their operations, the changes in their shareholders’ equity and the changes in their financial position for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2002, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico.

Accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United Sates of America would have affected the determination of consolidated net income (loss) for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2002 and the determination of consolidated shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2002, to the extent summarized in Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements.

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1.   The accompanying financial statements have been prepared considering the Company will continue as a going concern, which assumes that assets will be realized and liabilities will be settled in the normal course of business operations. As mentioned in Note 10, the Company has significant bank loans and bondholder debt, which requires, aside from compliance with a number of financial ratios, compliance with prompt payment upon maturity of capital and interest. As a result of both internal and external market and economic factors, in the last quarter of the 2002, the Company experienced a significant reduction in cash flow, which resulted in the inability to pay capital and interest related to certain obligations which matured in November and December 2002. As a result of these factors, the Company reclassified several bank loans as short-term debt as the Company was in default with its bank creditors and bondholders. The Company’s current financial situation raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.

    As a consequence, the Company shows negative working capital at December 31, 2002, amounting to $6,181,158 thousand, and a net loss of $3,738,924 thousand in the period ended December 31, 2002. Due to the above-mentioned financial and operating deterioration, the Company’s ability to continue operating as a going concern will depend on management’s ability to generate profits, obtain waivers from its creditors and/or renegotiate the bank and bond debts or obtain new financing. The accompanying financial statements include no adjustment pertaining to the recoverability and classification of the amounts recorded as assets and the amounts and classification of the liabilities that may become necessary in the event that the Company is unable to continue in operation as a going concern. Management’s plans in this regard are mentioned in Note 1.

2.   As mentioned in Note 19.b, the Company sold the shares of Durango Paper Co. to Operadora Omega, S.A de C.V. (related party) in October 2002, with the effects mentioned in that note.

3.   As mentioned in Note 1.b, at the General Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on October 8, 2001, the shareholders approved the merger of Corporación Durango, S.A. de C.V. (“CODUSA”) into its subsidiary Grupo Industrial Durango, S.A. de C.V. (“GIDUSA”). The merger was effective for financial reporting purposes on October 8, 2001. In connection with the merger, the Company changed its name to Corporación Durango, S.A de C.V. on February 7, 2002, when its bylaws were amended. The merger was effected through the exchange of all of the outstanding shares in CODUSA for shares in GIDUSA, which name was changed on the same date to Corporación Durango, S.A. de C.V.

PricewaterhouseCoopers

/s/ Rafael Maya Urosa

Rafael Maya Urosa
Public Accountant

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Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated balance sheets
As of December 31, 2003 and 2002
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)

Assets

                 
    2003   2002
Current assets:
               
Cash and temporary investments
  Ps. 649,955     Ps. 237,614  
Trade accounts receivable – Net
    1,798,935       1,706,823  
Due from related parties
    14,283       191,307  
Inventories – Net
    1,095,710       1,143,981  
Prepaid expenses
    22,791       30,080  
Current assets of discontinued operations
    84,190       389,830  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total current assets
    3,665,864       3,699,635  
Restricted cash
    157,504          
Property, plant and equipment – Net
    11,341,126       12,030,512  
Other assets Net
    540,333       640,006  
Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations
    252,847       1,702,993  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total
  Ps. 15,957,674     Ps. 18,073,146  
 
   
 
     
 
 

(continued)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

                 
    2003   2002
Current liabilities:
               
Short-term debt
  Ps. 8,535,163     Ps. 7,595,462  
Current portion of long-term debt
    121,290       278,577  
Notes payable
    52,095       52,226  
Accrued interest
    1,387,990       469,532  
Trade accounts payable
    910,329       824,178  
Due to related parties
            5,590  
Accrued expenses and taxes other than income taxes
    453,717       440,737  
Employee statutory profit sharing
    2,412       2,433  
Current liabilities of discontinued operations
    84,676       212,058  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total current liabilities
    11,547,672       9,880,793  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Long-term liabilities:
               
Long-term debt
    399,423       1,021,426  
Long-term notes payable
    101,206       145,871  
Deferred income taxes
    1,918,847       1,753,282  
Employee retirement obligations
    199,467       166,112  
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations
    190,246       466,494  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total long-term liabilities
    2,809,189       3,553,185  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total liabilities
    14,356,861       13,433,978  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Commitments and contingencies
               
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Common stock
    4,742,288       4,857,963  
Treasury stock
            (115,675 )
Additional paid-in capital
    1,387,056       1,387,056  
Retained earnings
    2,466,882       6,136,985  
Insufficiency in restated stockholders’ equity
    (4,160,313 )     (4,558,231 )
Additional liability for employee retirement obligations
            (146,450 )
Cumulative initial effect of deferred income taxes
    (3,080,896 )     (3,080,896 )
Cumulative translation adjustment of foreign subsidiaries
    178,020       87,283  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Majority stockholders’ equity
    1,533,037       4,568,035  
Minority stockholders’ equity in consolidated subsidiaries
    67,776       71,133  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
    1,600,813       4,639,168  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total
  Ps. 15,957,674     Ps. 18,073,146  
 
   
 
     
 
 

(concluded)

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Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated statements of operations
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003, except per share amounts)
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Net sales
  Ps. 6,831,028     Ps. 8,124,497     Ps. 10,775,303  
Cost of sales
    5,957,305       7,057,911       9,065,847  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Gross profit
    873,723       1,066,586       1,709,456  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    567,343       569,960       691,403  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income from operations
    306,380       496,626       1,018,053  
Net comprehensive financing cost:
                       
Interest expense
    (1,186,232 )     (1,130,646 )     (1,118,520 )
Interest income
    42,428       40,336       70,227  
Exchange gain (loss)
    (821,389 )     (998,232 )     328,015  
Monetary position gain
    367,014       406,673       309,842  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    (1,598,179 )     (1,681,869 )     (410,436 )
Other income (expenses) – Net
    (1,511,189 )     (3,126,962 )     476,430  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and employee statutory profit sharing
    (2,802,988 )     (4,312,205 )     1,084,047  
Income tax benefit (expense)
    (216 )     677,223       (48,557 )
Employee statutory profit sharing expense
    (1,733 )     (1,082 )     (4,908 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    (2,804,937 )     (3,636,064 )     1,030,582  
Discontinued operations
    (549,235 )     (102,860 )     152,868  
Extraordinary loss
                    (317,947 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Consolidated net income (loss)
  Ps. (3,354,172 )   Ps. (3,738,924 )   Ps. 865,503  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

(Continued)

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    2003   2002   2001
Net income (loss):
                       
Majority interest
  Ps. (3,348,336 )   Ps. (3,742,169 )   Ps. 861,314  
Minority interest
    (5,836 )     3,245       4,189  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Consolidated net income (loss)
  Ps. (3,354,172 )   Ps. (3,738,924 )   Ps. 865,503  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of:
                       
Continuing operations
  Ps. (30.12 )   Ps. (38.69 )   Ps. 10.91  
Discontinued operations
    (5.91 )     (1.09 )     1.63  
Extraordinary loss
                    (3.38 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share
  Ps. (36.03 )   Ps. (39.78 )   Ps. 9.16  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding
    92,942,916       94,072,122       94,072,122  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

(Concluded)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)
                                         
                                    Insufficiency
            Treasury   Additional Paid-in           in Restated
    Common Stock   Stock   Capital   Retained Earnings   Stockholders’ Equity
Balances as of January 1, 2001
  Ps. 2,413,876     Ps.       Ps. (51,035 )   Ps. 5,013,057     Ps. (24,128 )
Effects of merger
    2,444,087               1,373,290       4,004,783       (3,630,618 )
Comprehensive loss
                            861,314       (1,009,226 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balances as of December 31, 2001
    4,857,963               1,322,255       9,879,154       (4,663,972 )
Cancellation of swaps
            (115,675 )     64,801                  
Comprehensive loss
                            (3,742,169 )     105,741  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balances as of December 31, 2002
    4,857,963       (115,675 )     1,387,056       6,136,985       (4,558,231 )
Reduction of common stock
    (115,675 )     115,675                          
Transfer of additional liability of employee retirement obligations
                            (146,450 )        
Allowance for accounts receivable due from shareholders
                            (175,317 )        
Comprehensive loss
                            (3,348,336 )     397,918  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balances as of December 31, 2003
  Ps. 4,742,288     Ps.       Ps. 1,387,056     Ps. 2,466,882     Ps. (4,160,313 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

[Additional columns below]

[Continued from above table, first column(s) repeated]

                                         
    Additional Liability           Cumulative   Minority    
    for Employee   Cumulative Initial   Translation   Stockholders’ Equity    
    Retirement   Effect of Deferred   Adjustment of   in Consolidated   Total Stockholders’
    Obligations   Income Taxes   Foreign Subsidiaries   Subsidiaries   Equity
Balances as of January 1, 2001
  Ps. (13,160 )   Ps. (512,014 )   Ps. 13,264     Ps. 1,564,204     Ps. 8,404,064  
Effects of merger
            (2,568,882 )     (11,559 )     (1,524,875 )     86,226  
Comprehensive loss
    (133,290 )             121,874       4,188       (155,140 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balances as of December 31, 2001
    (146,450 )     (3,080,896 )     123,579       43,517       8,335,150  
Cancellation of swaps
                                    50,874  
Comprehensive loss
                    (36,296 )     27,616       (3,645,108 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balances as of December 31, 2002
    (146,450 )     (3,080,896 )     87,283       71,133       4,639,168  
Reduction of common stock Transfer of additional liability of employee retirement obligations
    146,450                                  
Allowance for accounts receivable due from shareholders
                                    (175,317 )
Comprehensive loss
                    90,737       (3,357 )     (2,863,038 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balances as of December 31, 2003
  Ps.       Ps. (3,080,896 )   Ps. 178,020     Ps. 67,776     Ps. 1,600,813  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated statements of changes in financial position
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Operating activities:
                       
Consolidated income (loss) from continuing operations
  Ps. (2,804,937 )   Ps. (3,636,064 )   Ps. 1,030,582  
Items that did not require (generate) resources:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    396,462       457,828       486,686  
Amortization of debt issuance costs and other financing costs
    92,503       123,633       60,417  
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment
    199,664       29,540       30,637  
Impairment of long-lived assets
    604,752       1,569,532          
Loss on operations of Durango Paper Company
    315,091       1,509,053          
Deferred income tax
    (71,892 )     (792,114 )     (194,795 )
Negative goodwill amortization
                    (543,206 )
Other
    22,829       213,436       (3,931 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    (1,245,528 )     (525,156 )     866,390  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
(Increase) decrease in:
                       
Trade accounts receivable – Net
    (90,405 )     451,812       6,522  
Inventories Net
    48,271       244,317       933,029  
Prepaid expenses
    7,289       (12,096 )     (65,552 )
Increase (decrease) in:
                       
Trade accounts payable
    86,151       (353,832 )     (350,481 )
Accrued interest
    918,458       158,831       (85,506 )
Accrued expenses and taxes other than income taxes
    12,959       (41,443 )     (163,666 )
Other – Net
    (81,605 )     59,473       (11,737 )
Assets of discontinued operations
    5,936       (155,576 )     131,213  
Liabilities of discontinued operations
    75,308       (113,511 )     (28,008 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities before discontinued operations and extraordinary loss
    (263,116 )     (287,181 )     1,232,204  
Discontinued operations, net of items that did not require resources
    (178,732 )     129,587       114,854  
Extraordinary loss
                    (317,947 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities
    (441,898 )     (157,594 )     1,029,111  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

(Continued)

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Table of Contents

                         
    2003   2002   2001
Financing activities:
                       
Short-term and long-term debt
    259,408       2,588,475       2,558,746  
Payments of long-term debt
    (405,978 )     (1,703,525 )     (3,230,584 )
Translation adjustment of foreign subsidiaries
    90,737       (36,296 )     121,874  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) financing activities
    (55,833 )     848,654       (549,964 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Investing activities:
                       
Restricted cash
    (157,504 )                
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
    (106,719 )     (459,555 )     (846,649 )
Sale of property, plant and equipment
    231,070       61,209       310,579  
Revenues from sale of discontinued operations
    924,620                  
Investment in subsidiaries
            (212,899 )        
Other assets
    18,605       (379,382 )     (261,487 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) investing activities
    910,072       (990,627 )     (797,557 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Cash and temporary investments:
                       
Increase (decrease)
    412,341       (299,567 )     (318,410 )
Balance at beginning of year
    237,614       537,181       855,591  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 649,955     Ps. 237,614     Ps. 537,181  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

(Concluded)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. and Subsidiaries

Notes to consolidated financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)

1.   Activities, significant developments and subsequent event

a.   Activities – Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. (“CODUSA”) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) are primarily engaged in the manufacturing and selling of packaging (corrugated boxes and multi-wall sacks and bags), paper (containerboard, newsprint and bond) to be used in the manufacturing of corrugated boxes, newspaper, books and magazines, and other wood products (plywood and particleboard) in Mexico and in the United States of America.
 
b.   Merger – At the General Extraordinary Shareholders meeting held on October 8, 2001, the shareholders of CODUSA approved the merger of CODUSA into Grupo Industrial Durango, S. A. de C. V. (“GIDUSA”), subsidiary company. The merger was effective for financial purposes on October 8, 2001. In connection with the merger, the Company changed its name to Corporación Durango, S.A. de C.V. on February 7, 2002, when its bylaws were amended. The merger was effected through the exchange of shares in CODUSA for shares in GIDUSA. As a result of the merger, the Company recorded a net increase in stockholders’ equity of Ps.86,226 and issued 72,257,378 common nominative shares without par value. For accounting purposes the merger was accounted for in a manner similar to a pooling-of-interests, and accordingly it has been reflected retroactively in the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2001.
 
c.   Durango Paper Company – In August 2002, Durango Paper Company (“DPC”), then a subsidiary company, suffered a boiler explosion at one of its plants located in Georgia, which resulted in the suspension of operations and the generation of significant losses. Additionally, at the date of the accident, the Company did not have insurance coverage for such an event and was exposed to the entire loss relating to the incident. In October 2002, the Company sold its investment in DPC to Operadora Omega Internacional, S.A. de C.V., a related company. The sale was made for an aggregate amount of US$100,000, allocated US$50,000 for the purchase of the capital stock and US$50,000 for the purchase of certain accounts receivable due to the Company. This sale gave rise to an aggregate loss of Ps.1,509,053, which was included in other expenses in the statement of operations. The Company granted guarantees for a bank loan of and certain letters of credit issued by DPC amounting to US$25.2 million. In 2003 the creditors called such guarantees, and the Company has initiated negotiations to restructure these debts. Due to the above, during 2003 a charge to the statement of operations of Ps.262,185 (US$23.6 million) was recorded, which corresponds to the balance of the bank debt and letters of credit at the date the debt was transferred to the Company.
 
d.   Significant developments and subsequent event – In order to expand its production facilities, the Company has contracted significant financing from banks in Mexico and abroad, mainly in the U.S. Additionally, on different dates it sold bonds on the New York securities market. However, since 2002 the Company has been severely affected by a combination of economic factors, such as the slowdown of the U.S. and the international economies, a significant drop in the world price of paper, a drastic reduction in the demand for manufactured products requiring the goods supplied by the Company, an increase in the cost of raw materials, electric power, gas and labor, and the entry of imported products into the Mexican market.
 
    The above-mentioned negative economic events led to a significant reduction in the generation of cash flow for the Company and its subsidiaries during the last quarter of 2002, and as a result since November 2002 the Company has been unable to cover the payment of interest and principal on certain debt and has not complied with certain obligations and restrictions imposed by the banks and bondholders to maintain the original maturities of the debt. As a result, a portion of the debt has been reclassified as short term, resulting in negative working capital and uncertainty as to the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern.

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    In November 2002, the Company initiated negotiations with the banks and bondholders in an effort to restructure its debt and consider the sale of non-strategic assets. In April 2003, the Company signed a “Forbearance Agreement” with a significant portion of its creditors, under which they agreed to continue productive financial discussions regarding the terms of the debt restructuring. This agreement expired on June 30, 2003.
 
    On April 30, 2004, the Company and a significant portion of its bank lenders and bondholders signed a Plan Support Agreement regarding its proposed debt restructuring. Under the proposed restructuring, the Company’s unsecured creditors would exchange their existing financial debt for one or more tranches of new debt instruments, denominated the Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D Notes, to be issued in an aggregate principal amount of approximately US$715 million. In addition, participating creditors would receive an aggregate of 17% of the Company’s share equity, on a fully diluted basis. Also, the Company would make available US$43.5 million to acquire a portion of its outstanding debt at purchase prices of no more than US$650 per US$1,000 of principal.
 
    The Series A Notes will bear annual interest at LIBOR plus 3%, payable quarterly. Principal under the Series A notes will be amortized based on the following schedule: 5% in 2005; 12.5% in 2006; 15% in 2007; 15% in 2008; 25% in 2009; and 27.5% in 2010.
 
    The Series B Notes will bear annual interest at the rate of 7.75% until December 31, 2004, 8.75% during 2005, and 9.75% thereafter until maturity on December 31, 2010. Interest on the Series B Notes will be payable quarterly. The Series B Notes may be prepaid at the option of the Company at any time on or after December 31, 2005, without premium or penalty.
 
    The Series C Notes will not bear interest unless certain events occur, in which case interest will accrue at the annual rate of 8% retroactively from the date of issue. The Series C Notes will mature on December 31, 2012, and will be subject to redemption at the option of the Company under certain circumstances at a discount of up to 50% of face value.
 
    The Series D Notes will bear annual interest at the rate of 10.5%. Interest on the Series D Notes will be compounded annually and will be payable upon maturity on December 31, 2013.
 
    Holders of the Series A and Series B Notes will receive a restructuring fee, payable on the note issue date. The notes will be guaranteed by certain of the Company’s Mexican subsidiaries and be secured by the fixed assets of the Company and such subsidiaries. The Series C Notes will also be guaranteed by the Mexican subsidiaries, which guarantee will be subordinate to the guarantee of the Series A and Series B Notes, but without being secured by the fixed assets. The Series D Notes will not be guaranteed or secured.
 
    Under the terms of this agreement in principle, the creditors would support the Company’s overall financial restructuring through an exchange offer; in the event the exchange offer is not consummated but the Company obtains the necessary approvals from its creditors to support a consensual plan of reorganization, such plan could be filed under the United States of America’s bankruptcy rules.
 
e.   Reorganization process – On May 20, 2004 CODUSA announced that it has filed for “concurso mercantile” before a Mexican court, which main objective is to achieve a financial restructuring through the reorganization process based on the Mexican Businnes Reorganization Law. This process will take place at the CODUSA’s legal entity level, as a result, the operations of its subsidiaries will continue running as usual. The reorganization process allows that with the support of 51% of the creditors, the restructuring plan described above, be binding on all of CODUSA’s creditors. CODUSA anticipates that it will have the support of a sufficient percentage of votes to accomplish this goal in an expeditious manner.

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2.   Basis of presentation

a.   Explanation for translation into English – The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated from Spanish into English for use outside of Mexico. These consolidated financial statements are presented on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico (“Mexican GAAP”). Certain accounting practices applied by the Company that conform with Mexican GAAP may not conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the country of use.
 
b.   Going-concern – The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern. As indicated in the accompanying financial statements, during the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company has incurred significant consolidated net losses and since 2001 its operating margin has substantially declined. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002 the Company has negative working capital and is experiencing severe liquidity problems. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
 
    The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the valuation and presentation of assets or the presentation and amount of liabilities that might result if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. As described in Note 1, since November 2002 the Company has not complied with principal and interest payments on certain debt, which as a result has been classified as short term. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to generate profits and to restructure its debt. As mentioned in Note 1.d, the Company is committing significant resources to the debt restructuring efforts and has reached an agreement in principle with a significant portion of its creditors, who will support a comprehensive financial restructuring; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in its efforts.
 
c.   Consolidation of financial statements – The consolidated financial statements include those of CODUSA and its subsidiaries. The ownership percentage in the capital stock of the significant subsidiaries is shown below. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in these consolidated financial statements.
                 
Group (or Company)   Ownership Percentage   Activity
Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V.
    99 %   Manufacturing of containerboard, liner and medium
 
               
 
         
Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.
    98 %   Manufacturing of containerboard, liner and medium
 
               
 
         
Envases y Empaques de México, S.A. de C.V.
    100 %   Manufacturing of corrugated boxes and multi-wall sacks
 
               
Empaques de Cartón Titán, S. A. de C. V. and subsidiary
    100 %   Manufacturing of corrugated boxes and multi-wall sacks
 
               
Grupo Pipsamex, S. A. de C. V. and subsidiaries
    100 %   Manufacturing of newsprint and bond paper
 
               
Durango McKinley Paper Company
    100 %   Manufacturing of containerboard, liner and medium, and corrugated boxes
 
               
Ponderosa Industrial de México, S. A. de C. V.
    100 %   Manufacturing of plywood and particleboard

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Table of Contents

d.   Translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries – To consolidate the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries that operate independently of the Company, the same accounting policies as those of the Company are followed, and the local currency financial statements are restated in the constant currency of the country in which they operate. Subsequently, such foreign currency financial statements are translated into Mexican pesos with the resulting exchange differences presented in cumulative translation adjustment of foreign entities within stockholders’ equity. For translation purposes, amounts are translated into Mexican pesos using the following exchange rates: (i) the closing exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date for all assets and liabilities, (ii) the exchange rate in effect at the date the contributions were made for common stock, (iii) the exchange rate in effect at the end of the year in which the losses were generated for accumulated deficit, and (iv) the exchange rate in effect at the end of the year for revenues and expenses.
 
    The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries included in the 2002 and 2001 consolidated financial statements are restated in the constant currency of the country in which they operate and translated into Mexican pesos using the exchange rate of the latest year presented.
 
e.   Comprehensive loss – Comprehensive loss presented in the accompanying statements of changes in stockholders’ equity represents all changes in stockholders’ equity during each year except those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners, and is comprised of the net income (loss) of the year, plus other comprehensive loss items of the same period which, in accordance with Mexican GAAP, are presented directly in stockholders’ equity without affecting the consolidated statements of operations. In 2003, 2002 and 2001, the other comprehensive loss items consist of the excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity, adjustment for additional liability for employee retirement obligation, and the translation effects of foreign subsidiaries.
 
f.   Reclassifications – Certain amounts in the financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 have been reclassified in order to conform to the presentation of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003.

3.   Summary of significant accounting policies
 
    The accounting policies followed by the Company are in conformity with Mexican GAAP, which require that management make certain estimates and use certain assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events, actual results may differ. The significant accounting policies of the Company are as follows:

a.   New accounting policies – Beginning January 1, 2003, the Company adopted the provisions of new Bulletin C-8, “Intangible Assets”, which establishes that project development costs should be capitalized if they fulfill the criteria established for recognition as assets; preoperating costs that are not considered development costs should be recorded as a period expense; and intangible assets considered to have indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but instead are subject to impairment tests. The unamortized balance of capitalized preoperating costs up to December 31, 2002, will continue to be amortized according to the provisions of the former Bulletin C-8. The adoption of this new bulletin did not have significant effects on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
 
    Beginning January 1, 2003, the Company also adopted the provisions of new Bulletin C-9, “Liabilities, Provisions, Contingent Assets and Liabilities and Commitments”, which establishes additional guidelines clarifying the accounting for provisions, accruals and contingent liabilities, and establishes new standards for the use of present value techniques to measure liabilities and accounting for the early settlement or substitution of obligations. The adoption of this new bulletin did not have significant effects on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

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b.   Recognition of the effects of inflation – The Company restates its consolidated financial statements to Mexican peso purchasing power of the most recent balance sheet date presented. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements of the prior years have been restated to Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003 and, therefore, differ from those originally reported in the prior years.
 
c.   Temporary investments – Temporary investments are stated at the lower of acquisition cost, plus accrued yields, or estimated net realizable value.
 
d.   Inventories and cost of sales – Inventories are stated at the lower of net realizable value or average cost, which is similar to the most recent purchase price or production cost. Cost of sales is stated at estimated replacement cost at the time of sale.
 
e.   Property, plant and equipment – Property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at acquisition cost and restated using the National Consumer Price Index (“NCPI”). For fixed assets of foreign origin, restated acquisition cost expressed in the currency of the country of origin is converted into Mexican pesos at the market exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Depreciation is calculated based on units produced in the period in relation to the total estimated production of the assets over their service lives.
         
 
  Years
Buildings
    25-50  
Industrial machinery and equipment
    23-40  
Vehicles
    1-5  
Computers
    1-3  
Office furniture and equipment
    5-10  

    Recurring maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to operating expense as incurred. Major overhauls to fixed assets are capitalized and amortized over the period in which benefits are expected to be received.
 
    Comprehensive financing cost incurred during the period of construction and installation of property, plant and equipment is capitalized and restated using the NCPI.
 
f.   Impairment of long-lived assets in use – The Company evaluates potential impairment losses to long-lived assets by assessing whether the unamortized carrying amount can be recovered over the remaining life of the assets through undiscounted future expected cash flows generated by the assets and without interest charges. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets for which management has committed to a plan of disposal are recorded at the lower of the unamortized carrying amount or fair value less disposal cost.
 
g.   Other assets – Costs incurred in the development phase that meet certain requirements and that the Company has determined will have future economic benefits are capitalized and amortized based on the straight-line method over their estimated useful life. Those disbursements that do not meet such requirements are recorded in results of the period in which they are incurred. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized; however, their value is subject to impairment tests. Preoperating costs incurred after January 1, 2003 are recorded directly in results of the period in which they are incurred. Preoperating expenses incurred and capitalized up to December 31, 2002 are amortized using the straight-line method over three years.

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h.   Financial instruments – Financial assets and liabilities resulting from any type of financial instrument, except for investments in financial instruments held to maturity, are presented in the balance sheet at fair value. The effects of the valuation of a financial asset or liability are recognized in results of operations of the respective period. Investments in financial instruments held to maturity are valued at acquisition cost. The costs and yields of financial instruments are recognized in results of the period in which they occur. Dividends from equity financial instruments are recognized in results of operations of the same period in which the fair value of the financial instrument is adjusted by such dividends.
 
i.   Derivative financial instruments – The internal control system established by the Company includes policies and procedures to manage its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and in foreign currency exchange rates using derivative financial instruments. These instruments are traded only with authorized institutions and trading limits have been established for each institution. The Company does not carry out transactions with derivative financial instruments for the purpose of speculation. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company did not have derivative financial instruments.
 
j.   Goodwill – Goodwill represents the excess of cost over recorded value of subsidiaries as of the date of acquisition. It is restated using the NCPI and is amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated time period in which the acquired subsidiaries will become integrated to the Company. During 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company did not record any amount in relation to goodwill, and there was no amortization of goodwill.
 
k.   Negative goodwill – This represents the excess of recorded value over cost of subsidiary companies and is restated using the NCPI. It is amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated time period in which the acquired subsidiaries will become integrated into the Company. During 2003 and 2002, there was no amortization of negative goodwill, and amortization in 2001 was Ps.543,206. During 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company did not record any amount in relation to negative goodwill.
 
l.   Employee retirement obligations – Seniority premiums and pension plans are recognized as costs over employee years of service and are calculated by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method at net discount rates. Severance is charged to results when the liability is determined to be payable.
 
m.   Debt issuance costs – Debt issuance costs, which are included in other assets, are restated by applying the NCPI and are amortized over the outstanding term of the debt on a straight-line basis.
 
n.   Provisions – Provisions are recognized for obligations that result from a past event, that are likely to result in the use of economic resources and that can be reasonably estimated. Such provisions are recorded at net present values when the effect of the discount is significant.
 
o.   Income tax, tax on assets and employee statutory profit sharing – Income tax (“ISR”) and employee statutory profit sharing (“PTU”) are recorded in results of the year in which they are incurred. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences resulting from comparing the book and tax values of assets and liabilities plus any future benefits from tax loss carryforwards. Deferred ISR assets are reduced by any benefits about which there is uncertainty as to their realizability. Deferred PTU is derived from temporary differences between the accounting result and income for PTU purposes and is recognized only when it can be reasonably assumed that they will generate a liability or benefit, and there is no indication that circumstances will change in such a way that the liabilities will not be paid or benefits will not be realized.
 
    The tax on assets paid that is expected to be recoverable is recorded as an advance payment of ISR and is presented in the balance sheet decreasing the deferred ISR liability.

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  p.   Foreign currency balances and transactions – Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the applicable exchange rate in effect at the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated into Mexican pesos at the applicable exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Exchange fluctuations are recorded as a component of net comprehensive financing cost in the consolidated statements of operations, except those amounts capitalized as a component of construction cost.
 
  q.   Excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity – Excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity represents the accumulated monetary position result through the initial restatement of the consolidated financial statements and the increase in the restated value of machinery and equipment and inventories above (below) inflation.
 
  r.   Revenue recognition – Revenues are recognized in the period in which the risks and rewards of ownership of the inventories are transferred to the customers, which generally coincides with the delivery of products to customers in satisfaction of orders.
 
  s.   Monetary position gain – Monetary position gain, which represents the erosion of purchasing power of monetary items caused by inflation, is calculated by applying NCPI factors to monthly net monetary position. Gains result from maintaining a net monetary liability position.
 
  t.   Net income (loss) per share – Basic income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) of majority stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted income (loss) per share is determined by adjusting consolidated net income (loss) and common shares on the assumption that the Company’s commitments to issue or exchange its own shares would be realized.

  4.   Cash and temporary investments
                 
    2003   2002
Cash
  Ps. 233,448     Ps. 91,060  
Temporary investments
    416,507       146,554  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 649,955     Ps. 237,614  
 
   
 
     
 
 

  5.   Trade accounts receivable
                 
    2003   2002
Trade accounts receivable
  Ps. 1,757,542     Ps. 1,747,003  
Recoverable taxes
    93,193       39,945  
Other
    93,458       52,272  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    1,944,193       1,839,220  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (145,258 )     (132,397 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 1,798,935     Ps. 1,706,823  
 
   
 
     
 
 

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  6.   Inventories
                 
    2003   2002
Finished goods
  Ps. 208,927     Ps. 236,379  
Production-in-process
    10,803       30,717  
Raw materials
    327,731       311,559  
Spare parts and materials for immediate consumption
    243,079       305,088  
Molds and dies
    73,208       73,679  
Other
    26,758       15,754  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    890,506       973,176  
Allowance for obsolete inventories
    (28,344 )     (31,175 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    862,162       942,001  
Advances to suppliers
    46,007       52,488  
Merchandise-in-transit
    187,541       149,492  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 1,095,710     Ps. 1,143,981  
 
   
 
     
 
 

  7.   Restricted cash

      Corresponds to US$14 million, which was provided from the resources generated by the sale of the warehouse described in Note 16 and the sale of the Company’s participation in the equity of Productora Nacional de Papel, S.A. de C.V. described in Note 18. Under the terms of a loan agreement, the Company is required to use the resources obtained for capital expenditures.

  8.   Property, plant and equipment
                 
    2003   2002
Buildings
  Ps. 3,365,735     Ps. 3,624,486  
Industrial machinery and equipment
    17,668,631       17,654,725  
Vehicles, computers, office furniture and equipment
    1,192,198       1,403,723  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    22,226,564       22,682,934  
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
    (9,523,226 )     (10,418,813 )
Accumulated impairment loss
    (2,174,284 )     (1,569,532 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    10,529,054       10,694,589  
Land
    765,166       1,096,667  
Construction-in-progress
    46,906       239,256  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 11,341,126     Ps. 12,030,512  
 
   
 
     
 
 

      The Company’s assets that were acquired through capital leases are as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Industrial machinery and equipment
  Ps. 354,287     Ps. 368,352  
Accumulated depreciation
    (44,247 )     (31,775 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 310,040     Ps. 336,577  
 
   
 
     
 
 

      Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 was Ps.374,262, Ps.442,683 and Ps.452,125, respectively.

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      During 2003 and 2002, the Company reviewed the recoverable value of its long-lived assets, which was determined by the future cash flow generated over the useful lives of the corresponding assets, which extends from 20 to 35 years after 2003. As a result, the Company recorded Ps.604,752 and Ps.1,569,532 during 2003 and 2002, respectively, as an impairment loss for its long-lived assets. The deferred income tax effect for this reserve resulted in a benefit of Ps.193,521 and Ps.502,250 during 2003 and 2002, respectively.
 
      As of December 31, 2003 and 2002 the Company has assets temporarily out of use for a net amount of Ps.92,988 and Ps.348,103, respectively.
 
      Some loans are collateralized with the machinery and equipment acquired with those loans. Leased machinery has been pledged as collateral.
 
      The comprehensive financing costs capitalized in 2001 were Ps.34,145; during 2003 and 2002, the Company did not capitalize any comprehensive financing costs. Unamortized capitalized comprehensive financing cost was Ps.69,349 and Ps.72,110 at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
 
  9.   Other assets
                                 
    Intangible asset            
    of employee            
    retirement            
    obligation   Debt issuance costs   Other   Total
Assets:
                               
Balance as of January 1, 2003
  Ps. 67,423     Ps. 616,658     Ps. 172,752     Ps. 856,833  
Increase in additional liability related to seniority premiums
    33,635                       33,635  
Write-off of debt issuance costs
            (13,932 )             (13,932 )
Decrease in other intangible assets – Net
                    (4,673 )     (4,673 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2003
    101,058       602,726       168,079       871,863  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Accumulated amortization:
                               
Balance as of January 1, 2003
            211,367       5,460       216,827  
Amortization expense
            83,147       31,556       114,703  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2003
            294,514       37,016       331,530  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net balance as of December 31, 2003
  Ps. 101,058     Ps. 308,212     Ps. 131,063     Ps. 540,333  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

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    During 2002 and 2001, the Company capitalized debt issuance costs amounting to Ps.224,459 and Ps.261,487, respectively; during 2003 the Company did not capitalize any debt issuance costs. In 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company amortized Ps.83,147, Ps.123,633 and Ps.60,417, respectively, of debt issuance costs. For the year ended December 31, 2001, the Company wrote off debt issuance costs related to the Yankee Bond issuances with maturities in 2001 and 2003 of Ps.21,657 and Ps.14,412, respectively.
 
10.   Short-term and long-term debt

  a. Short-term and long-term debt is summarized as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Continuing operations:
               
Short-term debt
  Ps. 8,535,163     Ps. 7,595,462  
Current portion of long-term debt
    121,290       278,577  
Long-term debt
    399,423       1,021,426  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    9,055,876       8,895,465  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Discontinued operations:
               
Current portion of long-term debt
    30,126       16,148  
Long-term debt
    111,239       104,956  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    141,365       121,104  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 9,197,241     Ps. 9,016,569  
 
   
 
     
 
 

  b.   Total debt classified by the main classes of liabilities are as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Senior Notes
  Ps. 5,678,562     Ps. 5,484,786  
Bank loans
    2,650,174       2,628,890  
Notes
    540,487       522,045  
Financial lease agreements
    194,706       322,955  
Letters of credit
    74,599          
Euro Commercial Paper
    56,186       54,269  
Other long-term debt
    2,527       3,624  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 9,197,241     Ps. 9,016,569  
 
   
 
     
 
 

      Senior Notes are comprised of four series, which mature in 2003, 2006, 2008 and 2009, with a total principal amount of US$505.3 million as of December 31, 2003; bearing interest at fixed rates that range from 12.625% to 13.75% annually. Wells Fargo Bank of Minnesota, N.A. acts as trustee.
 
      As of December 31, 2003, bank loans amount to US$238.9 million, with The Chase Manhattan Bank, N. A., Banco Nacional de México, S.A., California Commerce Bank, Bank of Albuquerque, N.A., Bancomext, S.N.C., Bancomer, S.N.C., Bank of America, N. A. and Commerze Bank; bearing interest at LIBOR plus a margin, which ranges from 1.5% to 8%. Maturities are variable, through 2010. Some bank loans are secured by the Company’s machinery and equipment.
 
      Notes payable for US$48.1 million to HG Estate, LLC, bearing interest at fixed rates, which range from 10% to 13% per annum, payable semiannually.
 
      Financial lease agreements for US$17.4 million with Arrendadora Bank of America, N.A. and GE Capital Leasing; bearing interest at LIBOR plus 3.25% through 3.5% per annum. Maturities are variable through 2009. The leased machinery has been pledged as collateral.

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      Letters of credit for US$6.7 million with JPMorgan Chase Bank and Bank of America, N.A.
 
      The Euro Commercial Paper’s balance of US$5 million is derived from an issuance matured in February 2003. This debt bore interest at 9.75% annually prior to maturity.
 
  c.   The Senior Notes, bank loans and financial lease agreements contain covenants, obligations and restrictions with which CODUSA and/or its subsidiaries must comply, mainly in respect of contracting other credit lines, payment of dividends and decrease in capital stock, restrictions on transactions with related parties and the maintenance of certain financial ratios, as well as compliance with prompt payment of interest and principal upon each maturity. Since November 2002, the Company has failed to comply with the payment of interest and principal maturing on certain bank loans and notes. As a result, the Company is in default with respect to such obligations and some of these bank loans and notes have matured and not been paid. According to the terms of certain of the Company’s debt instruments, the banks and bondholders may demand in advance, the immediate payment of principal and interest outstanding on the loans and bonds in default. Therefore, the principal amount of the past due loans and notes that are in default have been classified as short-term debt.
 
      Payments on certain debt are guaranteed, jointly and severally on an unsecured basis by the following subsidiaries, Empaques de Cartón Titán, S.A. de C.V., Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S.A. de C.V., Ponderosa Industrial de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. and Industrias Centauro, S.A. de C.V.
 
  d.   As of December 31, 2003, long-term debt matures as follows:
         
2005   Ps. 128,227  
2006
    88,146  
2007
    87,497  
2008
    65,022  
2009
    30,531  
 
   
 
 
Thereafter
  Ps. 399,423  
 
   
 
 

  e.   At December 31, 2003, minimum rental commitments under capital leases are as follows:
         
Total minimum lease obligations
  Ps. 199,410  
Unearned interest
    4,704  
 
   
 
 
Present value of obligations
    194,706  
Current portion of obligations
    (75,113 )
 
   
 
 
Long-term portion of capital lease obligations
  Ps. 119,593  

      Capital lease obligations, which include a purchase option at the end of the lease term, mature as follows:
 
      Year ending December 31,
         
2004
  Ps. 75,113  
2005
    60,306  
2006
    17,826  
2007
    17,826  
2008
    17,826  
Thereafter
    5,809  
 
   
 
 
 
  Ps. 194,706  
 
   
 
 

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11.   Financial instruments and derivative financial instruments

  a.   Financial instruments – The estimated fair value amounts of the Company’s financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies that require considerable judgment in developing and interpreting the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
 
      The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and current notes payable approximate fair value because they have relatively short-term maturities and bear interest at rates tied to market indicators, as appropriate. The Company’s long-term debt consists of debt instruments that bear interest at fixed or variable rates tied to market indicators.
 
      As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company was unable to calculate a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt, because the comparable market information required to determine the estimated fair value of long-tem debt was not attainable due to the financial situation of the Company. The fair value of the Senior Notes was estimated based on quoted market prices, as follows:
                                 
    2003   2002
    Carrying   Fair   Carrying   Fair
    Amount   Value   Amount   Value
Senior Notes
  Ps. 5,678,562     Ps. 3,378,869     Ps. 5,484,786     Ps. 1,668,307  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

  b.   Derivative financial instruments – The Company entered into several equity swaPs. with respect to its American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). The difference between the fair value and the acquisition cost of those shares (including purchase expenses and premiums or discounts) as well as financing cost was recorded directly to stockholders’ equity through December 31, 2000. As a result of the adoption of Bulletin C-2, during 2001, the Company recorded Ps.22,150 in the statement of operations. The fair value of the equity swaPs. is estimated based on their quoted market price, which as of December 31, 2001, was equal to its carrying amount. The equity swap matured in May 2002, and in connection the Company purchased 2,240,000 shares that were recorded as treasury stock.
 
  c.   Concentration of credit risk – The financial instruments that potentially are subject to a concentration of credit risk are principally cash and temporary investments and trade accounts receivable. The Company deposits and invests its excess cash in recognized financial institutions. The concentration of the credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of customers comprising the Company’s customer base and their dispersion across different locations in Mexico and the U.S. There were no customers exceeding 10% of net sales for any of the periods presented.

12.   Employee retirement obligations
 
    México – The Company maintains a pension plan for certain employees. In addition, in accordance with the Mexican Labor Law, the Company provides seniority premium benefits to employees under certain circumstances. These benefits consist of a lump sum payment of 12 days’ wages for each year worked, calculated using the most recent salary, not to exceed twice the legal minimum wage established by law. The related liability and annual cost of such benefits are calculated by an independent actuary on the basis of formulas defined in the plans using the projected unit credit method. The present values of these obligations and the rates used for the calculations are:

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    2003   2002
Accumulated benefit obligation
  Ps. 199,467     Ps. 166,112  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Projected benefit obligation
  Ps. 179,061     Ps. 200,114  
Unrecognized items:
               
Variances for assumptions and adjustments based on experience
    10,624       (23,148 )
Transition asset
    (91,276 )     (82,292 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net projected liability
    98,409       94,674  
Additional liability related to seniority premiums
    101,058       71,438  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 199,467     Ps. 166,112  
 
   
 
     
 
 

      The rates used in the actuarial calculations, net of effects of inflation, were:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
    %   %   %
Discount of the projected benefit obligation at present value
    5 %     5 %     5 %
Salary increase
    2 %     2 %     2 %

      The amortization periods for the unamortized items are as follows:
         
    Remaining
    Years
Transition asset
    18  
Variances in assumptions
    18  

      Net period cost is comprised as follows:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Service costs
  Ps. 5,483     Ps. 8,825     Ps. 9,141  
Amortization of transition asset, variances for assumptions and adjustments based on experience
    8,417       10,755       9,170  
Interest cost
    8,929       9,399       10,407  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net period cost
  Ps. 22,829     Ps. 28,979     Ps. 28,718  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

      In connection with the reorganization process of the Company’s operations, there was a termination of administrative and operating personnel during 2003 that represented payments of Ps.59,262, which are included in other expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
 
      United States of America – The subsidiaries in the United States of America have established the following defined contribution plans: a 401(k) retirement savings plan, health insurance plan, disability plan, and life insurance plan, among others. For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, total expenses related to these plans were Ps.34,498, Ps.47,637 and Ps.120,576, respectively.

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      As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company did not have any defined benefits plans; therefore, during 2003 the additional liability of employee retirement obligations, which was included within stockholders’ equity, was transferred to retained earnings. The net cost for 2001 consisted of the following:
         
Service costs
  Ps. 8,904  
Amortization of transition asset
    2,980  
Interest cost
    37,548  
 
   
 
 
 
  Ps. 49,432  
 
   
 
 

      The expected return on plan assets was Ps.47,542 for 2001. The rates used in the actuarial calculations were:
         
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
    9.00 %
Discount rate
    7.25 %

13.   Stockholders’ equity

  a.   Common stock shares at par value as of December 31 are comprised as follows:
                                 
    2003
    Number of   Par   Restatement    
    Shares   Value   Effect   Total
Fixed capital Series A
    46,610,100     Ps. 699,714     Ps. 1,707,265     Ps. 2,406,979  
Variable capital Series A
    45,222,022       678,873       1,656,436       2,335,309  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total shares
    91,832,122     Ps. 1,378,587     Ps. 3,363,701     Ps. 4,742,288  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
                                 
    2002 and 2001
    Number of   Par   Restatement    
    Shares   Value   Effect   Total
Fixed capital Series A
    46,610,100     Ps. 699,714     Ps. 1,707,265     Ps. 2,406,979  
Variable capital Series A
    47,462,022       712,500       1,738,484       2,450,984  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total shares
    94,072,122     Ps. 1,412,214     Ps. 3,445,749     Ps. 4,857,963  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

      Common stock consists of common nominative Series A shares without par value. The variable portion of capital stock cannot exceed ten times the aggregate amount of the fixed minimum portion without right to withdraw.
 
  b.   On June 30, 2003, the Board of Directors approved the cancellation of 2,240,000 treasury shares. Consequently, the variable portion of common stock was reduced by Ps.115,675 (Ps.33,627 at par value).
 
  c.   Retained earnings include the statutory legal reserve. The Mexican General Corporate Law requires that at least 5% of net income of the year be transferred to the legal reserve until the reserve equals 20% of capital stock at par value (historical pesos). The legal reserve may be capitalized but may not be distributed unless the entity is dissolved. The legal reserve must be replenished if it is reduced for any reason. At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the legal reserve, in historical pesos, was Ps.238,870.

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  d.   Stockholders’ equity, except restated paid-in capital and tax retained earnings, will be subject to a tax at the rate in effect when a dividend is distributed. In 2003, the rate was 34% and will be reduced by one percentage point each year until reaching 32% in 2005. Any tax paid on such distribution, may be credited against the income tax payable of the year in which the tax on the dividend is paid and the two fiscal years following such payment.
 
  e.   The balances of the stockholders’ equity tax accounts as of December 31, are:
                 
    2003   2002
Contributed capital account
  Ps. 3,357,271     Ps. 3,304,135  
Consolidated net tax income account
    1,606,671       1,617,760  
Consolidated net reinvested tax income account
    871,769       838,433  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total
  Ps. 5,835,711     Ps. 5,760,328  
 
   
 
     
 
 

      As illustrated in the preceding table, the total amount of the balances of the stockholders’ equity tax accounts exceeds stockholders’ equity, according to the accompanying balance sheet.

14.   Foreign currency balances and transactions

  a.   At December 31, the foreign currency monetary position is as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Thousands of U.S. dollars:
               
Monetary assets
    39,219       27,483  
Monetary liabilities
    (929,657 )     (872,633 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Monetary asset (liability) position, net
    (890,438 )     (845,150 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Equivalent in Mexican pesos
  Ps. (10,006,030 )   Ps. (8,822,774 )
Thousands of Euros:
               
Monetary asset (liability) position, net
    (10,346 )     (10,710 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Equivalent in Mexican pesos
  Ps. (146,282 )   Ps. (116,976 )
 
   
 
     
 
 

  b.   Nonmonetary assets of foreign origin at December 31, 2003 are as follows:
                     
        Foreign   Equivalent
        Currency   in Mexican
    Currency   Balance   Pesos
Inventories
  U.S. dollar     13,659     Ps. 153,397  
Industrial machinery and equipment
                   
United States of America
  U.S. dollar     405,252       4,553,903  
Brazil
  Real     184,525       717,489  
Japan
  Yen     4,736,765       496,412  
Germany
  Euro     31,865       451,317  
Canada
  Canadian dollar     42,480       369,731  
Other
                323,843  

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  c.   The condensed financial information of the principal foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2003 are as follows:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
            (In thousands of        
            U.S. dollars)        
United States of America
                       
Net sales
    146,646       291,700       343,919  
Income from operations
    4,471       (17,570 )     (4,413 )
Net income
    (54,559 )     (96,610 )     (37,131 )
Current assets
    30,216       45,203       96,028  
Total assets
    115,022       132,544       298,281  
Current liabilities
    18,960       33,522       95,772  
Total liabilities
    48,204       65,183       210,458  

  d.   Transactions denominated in foreign currency were as follows:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
            (In thousands of        
            U.S. dollars)        
Export sales
    166,230       302,174       433,802  
Interest expense
    (96,455 )     (81,441 )     (111,876 )
Interest income
    31       613       2,558  
Import purchases
    (167,303 )     (337,821 )     (456,771 )
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
    (35,486 )     (20,978 )     (17,831 )

  e.   The exchange rates in effect at the dates of the consolidated balance sheets and of issuance of the consolidated financial statements were as follows:
                         
    December 31   April 30,
    2003   2002   2004
U.S. dollar
  Ps. 11.2372     Ps. 10.4393     Ps. 11.4068  
Euros
    14.1390       10.9221       13.6539  

15.   Transaction and balances with related parties

  a.   Transactions with related parties, carried out in the ordinary course of business, were as follows:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Interest income
  Ps. 25,077     Ps. 20,954     Ps. 7,325  
Sale of paper
    12,131                  
Sale of industrial machinery and other equipment
    16,194                  
Sale of shares
            543          
Sale of accounts receivable
            543          
Freight expenses
    42,321                  
Flight services paid
            5,316          
Other income
    3,193                  

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  b.   Balances receivable and payable with related parties are as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Due from related parties-
               
Administradora Corporativa y Mercantil, S.A. de C. V.
  Ps. 175,317     Ps. 155,938  
Durango Georgia Receivables Company
    194,853       35,361  
Durango Paper Company
    58,569          
Líneas Aéreas Ejecutivas de Durango, S. A. de C. V.
    13,992          
Other
    291       8  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    443,022       191,307  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (428,739 )        
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 14,283     Ps. 191,307  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Due to related parties-
               
Líneas Aéreas Ejecutivas de Durango, S.A. de C. V.
  Ps.       Ps. 5,590  
 
   
 
     
 
 

      During 2003 the Company recorded an allowance for the account receivable due from Administradora Corporativa y Mercantil, S. A. de C. V. Since the Company’s shareholders own this company, this adjustment was recorded as a debit to retained earnings.

16.   Other expenses
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment
  Ps. (199,664 )   Ps. (29,540 )   Ps. (30,637 )
Severance payments due to reorganization
    (59,262 )                
Restructuring expenses
    (272,885 )                
Impairment of long-lived assets
    (604,752 )     (1,569,532 )        
Loss on operations of DPC
    (315,091 )     (1,509,053 )        
Negative goodwill
                    543,206  
Other income (expenses)
    (59,535 )     (18,837 )     (36,139 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. (1,511,189 )   Ps. (3,126,962 )   Ps. 476,430  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

      On November 25, 2003, the Company sold a warehouse for US$11.5 million. As part of the sale, the Company reserved the right to use a portion of the warehouse representing approximately one third of the entire property for a period of five years at no cost. This sale generated a loss of Ps.193,891, which is presented in other expenses in the statement of operations.
 
      As mentioned in Note 1, the Company is committing significant resources to the debt restructuring efforts, for this reason on December 2002 a group of advisors was hired to support the Company in the restructuring of its debt and in the sale of non-strategic assets. On April 7, 2003, the Company entered into a forbearance agreement with a significant portion of its creditors, and a payment of a forbearance fee of US$12 million was required. The forbearance agreement expired on June 30, 2003.

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17.   Income taxes, tax on assets and employee statutory profit sharing

      In accordance with Mexican tax law, the Company is subject to income tax (“ISR”) and tax on assets (“IMPAC”). ISR takes into consideration the taxable and deductible effects of inflation.
 
      The ISR rate was 35% in 2002 and 2001 and 34% in 2003, and will be reduced by one percentage point each year until reaching 32% in 2005. In 2002, the deduction for employee statutory profit sharing (“PTU”) and the obligation to withhold taxes on dividends paid to individuals or foreign residents were eliminated.
 
      IMPAC is calculated by applying a rate of 1.8% on the net average of the majority of restated assets less certain liabilities and is payable only to the extent that it exceeds ISR payable for the same period. If in any year IMPAC exceeds the ISR payable, the IMPAC payment for such excess may be reduced by the amount by which ISR exceeded IMPAC in the three preceding years and any required payment of IMPAC is creditable against the excess of ISR over IMPAC of the following ten years.
 
      The Company incurs consolidated ISR and IMPAC with its Mexican subsidiaries in the proportion that the Company owns the voting stock of its subsidiaries at the balance sheet date. Beginning on January 1, 2002, the proportion is calculated based on the average daily equity percentage that the Company owns of its subsidiaries during the year. The tax results of the subsidiaries are consolidated at 60% of such proportion and the tax results of the holding company are also consolidated at 60%. Estimated payments of ISR and IMPAC of both the Company and its subsidiaries are made as if the Company did not file a consolidated tax return.
 
  a.   ISR consists of the following:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Current
  Ps. (72,108 )   Ps. (114,891 )   Ps. (243,352 )
Deferred
    71,892       792,114       194,795  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. (216 )   Ps. 677,223     Ps. (48,557 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

  b.   The reconciliation of the statutory and effective ISR rates expressed as a percentage of income (loss) from continuing operations before ISR and PTU for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 is:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Statutory rate
    34.00 %     35.00 %     35.00 %
Add (deduct) the effect of permanent differences:
                       
Non deductible expenses
    (1.30 %)     (0.24 %)     1.91 %
Other
    (14.59 %)     (0.75 %)     (30.64 %)
Add (deduct) the effects of inflation
    0.90 %     (0.61 %)     (1.77 %)
Effect of change in statutory rate on deferred ISR
    0.49 %     4.70 %        
Change in valuation allowance for recoverable IMPAC and benefit of tax loss carryforwards
    (19.51 %)     (22.40 %)        
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Effective rate
    (0.01 %)     15.7 %     4.5 %
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

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  c.   At December 31, 2003 and 2002 the main items comprising the liability balance of deferred ISR are:
                 
    2003   2002
Deferred ISR asset (liability):
               
Property, plant and equipment
  Ps. 2,822,829     Ps. 2,892,265  
Inventories
    243,904       (19,209 )
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (127,578 )     (39,562 )
Accrued expenses
    (152,243 )     (55,624 )
Other assets
    58,458       90,146  
Other, net
    (8,593 )     (155,853 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Deferred ISR from temporary differences
    2,836,777       2,712,163  
Effect of tax loss carryforwards
    (1,545,386 )     (1,092,446 )
Recoverable tax on assets
    (316,349 )     (263,348 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    975,042       1,356,369  
Valuation allowance for the deferred ISR asset and recoverable tax on assets
    943,805       396,913  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net long-term deferred ISR liability
  Ps. 1,918,847     Ps. 1,753,282  
 
   
 
     
 
 

  d.   Due to a deterioration in the circumstances used to assess the recovery of tax on assets paid and realization of the benefit of tax loss carryforwards, in 2003 and 2002 the valuation allowance for recoverable tax on assets and benefit of tax loss carryforwards was increased by Ps.546,892 and Ps.965,793, respectively, and charged to results of operations.
 
  e.   At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company has taxable temporary and permanent differences related to deferred PTU, mainly inventories and property, plant and equipment, for which the deferred PTU liabilities were not estimated nor recorded because the Company believes that they will not reverse due to the recurring nature of the related transactions.
 
  f.   Tax loss carryforwards and recoverable IMPAC for which the deferred ISR asset and prepaid ISR, respectively, have been partially recognized may be recovered subject to certain conditions. Restated amounts as of December 31, 2003 and expiration dates are:
                 
Year of   Tax Loss   Recoverable
Expiration   Carryforwards   IMPAC
2004   Ps. 484,136     Ps. 48,673  
2005
    221,360       13,073  
2006
    169,449       26,274  
2007
    99,771       26,091  
2008
    147,317       25,308  
2009
    100,769       19,769  
2010
    112,249       23,857  
2011
    127,997       22,211  
2012
    1,950,845       58,092  
2013
    1,415,437       53,001  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 4,829,330     Ps. 316,349  
 
   
 
     
 
 

  g.   For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, the change in excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity, as shown in the accompanying statements of changes in stockholders’ equity, is presented net of the effect of the related deferred income tax of Ps.200,679, Ps.151,170 and Ps.22,986, respectively.

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18.   Discontinued operations

      In connection with the Company’s financial and operating restructuring, during 2003 the discontinuation and/or sale of some subsidiaries or significant assets was authorized. The related assets, liabilities and operating results have been presented as discontinued operations in the accompanying financial statements. Discontinued operations are as follows:
 
  a.   On February 27, 2003, the Company sold the assets of its molded pulp division for approximately US$53.7 million, resulting in a gain of Ps.334,969, which is included in the net loss of discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2003. Additionally, according to the purchase agreement, the Company transferred to the buyer some accounts receivable and trade accounts payable, in order to permit the buyer to continue with production and sale of molded products.
 
  b.   On November 14, 2003, the Company sold its investment in Productora Nacional de Papel, S. A. de C. V. for US$28 million, giving rise to a loss of Ps.447,466, which is included in the net loss of discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2003.
 
  c.   During 2003, the Company’s management authorized a plan to sell a plant located in Chihuahua, which is primarily engaged in the manufacturing of particleboard. On September 24, 2003, the Company signed a letter of intent with a potential buyer, who is in the process of performing due diligence. Based on the ongoing negotiations with the potential buyer, the Company reduced the book value of the net assets that will be sold by Ps.351,291, which is included in the net loss of discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2003.
 
      The recorded value of the net assets of discontinued operations consist of the following:
                 
    2003   2002
Cash
  Ps. 3,283     Ps. 33,320  
Accounts receivable Net
    56,825       165,147  
Inventories Net
    23,795       190,784  
Prepaid expenses
    287       579  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total current assets
    84,190       389,830  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Property, plant and equipment Net
    252,847       1,602,182  
Other assets Net
            100,811  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total noncurrent assets
    252,847       1,702,993  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total assets
  Ps. 337,037     Ps. 2,092,823  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
  Ps. 30,126     Ps. 16,148  
Trade accounts payable
    39,202       121,657  
Other accounts payable, taxes and accrued liabilities
    15,348       74,253  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total current liabilities
    84,676       212,058  
 
   
 
     
 
 

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    2003   2002
Long-term debt
    111,239       104,956  
Deferred income taxes
    78,297       340,754  
Employee retirement obligations
    710       20,784  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total long-term liabilities
    190,246       466,494  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total liabilities
  Ps. 274,922     Ps. 678,552  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net assets of discontinued operations
  Ps. 62,115     Ps. 1,414,271  
 
   
 
     
 
 

      The statements of operations reflect discontinued operations, which are comprised as follows:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Net sales
  Ps. 692,722     Ps. 847,060     Ps. 391,024  
Costs of sales
    703,153       612,732       261,066  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Gross profit
    (10,431 )     234,328       129,958  
Operating expensesNet
    41,805       72,227       76,620  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income (loss) from operations
    (52,236 )     162,101       53,338  
Net comprehensive financing cost
    (135,282 )     (159,294 )     (64,220 )
Other income (expenses) Net
    (25,117 )     86,799       88,089  
Impairment of long-lived assets
    (351,291 )     (100,961 )        
 
   
 
     
 
         
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    (563,926 )     (11,355 )     77,207  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Revenues from sales of discontinued operations
    924,620                  
Cost of sales of discontinued operations
    1,037,117                  
 
   
 
                 
Loss on sales of discontinued operations
    (112,497 )                
 
   
 
                 
ISR and PTU
    127,188       (91,505 )     75,661  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Discontinued operations – Net
  Ps. (549,235 )   Ps. (102,860 )   Ps. 152,868  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
  Ps. 37,675     Ps. 44,030     Ps. 42,165  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

19.   Extraordinary loss

For the year ended December 31, 2001, this item is comprised as follows:

         
Employee severances
  Ps. 174,921  
Net loss on sale of certain non-strategic assets
    143,026  
 
   
 
 
 
  Ps. 317,947  
 
   
 
 

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a.   Early in 2001, the Company entered into negotiations with its unions, with the objective of canceling labor contracts still in effect after approximately 50 years, regarding the operations of Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S.A. de C.V. and Ponderosa Industrial de México, S.A. de C.V. After a few months of negotiations, such contracts were terminated and the number of workers was reduced.
 
b.   In April and May 2001, certain non-strategic assets of DPC were sold, generating a loss since the carrying value of the assets was higher than the price at which they were sold.

20.   Commitments

a.   Some of the Mexican subsidiaries lease certain equipment under non-cancelable operating leases. The related rental Company’s expense was approximately Ps.50,544, Ps.59,719 and Ps.77,799 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. As of December 31, 2003, estimated future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases were as follows:
         
Year   Amount
2004
  Ps. 21,322  
2005
    18,671  
2006
    18,671  
2007
    18,671  
Thereafter
    76,764  
 
   
 
 
 
  Ps. 154,009  
 
   
 
 

b.   Durango McKinley Paper Company leases certain equipment under non-cancelable operating leases. Rental expense under these leases was approximately Ps.4,624, Ps.3,885 and Ps.2,218 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Future minimum lease commitments are Ps.2,252 due in 2004.

21.   Contingencies

a.   After the sale of DPC, Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings before the United States Bankruptcy Court were initiated regarding Durango Georgia Paper Company (“DGPC”), the main DPC subsidiary. Additionally, although formal notice has not been served on the Company, it is known that on April 2, 2004, the DGPC Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors filed a complaint against the Company, which seeks, among other things: (i) recovery of alleged fraudulent and preferential transfers from DGPC to the Company; (ii) damages for alleged fraudulent representations and breach of an alleged oral and written guarantee of the DGPC debt; and (iii) equitable subordination of the Company’s claims against DGPC. The Company’s management believes this claim is without merit and will defend the action.
 
b.   Subsequent to the sale of Productora Nacional de Papel, S.A. de C.V., as described in Note 18, the Mexican National Water Commission billed the Company in the amount of Ps.157,140 related to several differences in the payments of rights for extraction and use of national water for the years 2001 and 2000. The Company filed an appeal with the Federal Tax and Administrative Court and is currently waiting for the court’s ruling. The Company’s management believes that the outcome will be favorable to the Company, since the tax authorities had not properly supported the differences assessed.
 
c.   On November 8, 2002, the Company initiated an arbitration proceeding against HG Estate LLC for US$85 million due to discrepancies in the calculation of the value of the fixed assets of DPC. Also, on December 19, 2002, HG Estate LLC filed a claim for US$50.2 million due to the failure of payment of capital and interest related to the acquisition of DPC. As of the date of issuance of these financial statements, the claim against the Company has been stayed while the arbitration proceeds.

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d.   The Company was sued on February 25, 2003 by Compass Income Master Fund, Inc. due to the nonpayment of principal and interest of US$3.5 million on the Euro Commercial Paper, which matured February 12, 2003. Company’s management believes that payment of this liability will be made under the same terms and conditions reached as a result of its debt restructuring.
 
e.   The Company has initiated an injunction against the Mexican tax authorities regarding the methodology used to determine its employee statutory profit sharing. Management does not believe that any liabilities relating to this injunction are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
 
f.   The Company has initiated an injunction against the Mexican tax authorities regarding the unconstitutionality of the Substitutive Tax of the Wage Credit. Management believes that the outcome of this process will be favorable to the Company, which represents a contingent asset of Ps.12,196.
 
g.   Additional taxes payable could arise in transactions with nonresident related parties if the tax authority, during a review, believes that the prices and amounts used by the Company are not similar to those used with or between independent parties in comparable transactions.

22.   Information by industry segment and geographical area
 
    In April 2003, the Mexican Institute of Public Accountants (“MIPA”) issued Bulletin B-5, “Financial Information by Segment”, whose adoption is mandatory as of April 2003. The information on operating segments is presented based on a management focus. In addition, general information is presented by product, geographical area and homogeneous client groups.

a.   Analytical information by operating segment of continuing operations:
                                                 
2003
                    Other   Total           Total
    Paper   Packaging   Segments   Segments   Eliminations   Consolidated
Sales to customers
  Ps. 2,806,858     Ps. 3,942,603     Ps. 81,567     Ps. 6,831,028     Ps.       Ps. 6,831,028  
Intersegment sales
    2,497,232       133,334       16,119       2,646,685       (2,646,685 )        
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total sales
    5,304,090       4,075,937       97,686       9,477,713       (2,646,685 )     6,831,028  
Depreciation and amortization
    265,850       119,590       11,022       396,462               396,462  
Income from operations
    (109,553 )     430,439       (14,506 )     306,380               306,380  
Total assets
    18,475,951       24,709,451       933,989       44,119,391       (28,498,754 )     15,620,637  
Capital expenditures
    75,267       30,917       535       106,719               106,719  
                                                 
2002
                    Other   Total           Total
    Paper   Packaging   Segment   Segments   Eliminations   Consolidated
Sales to customers
  Ps. 4,082,248     Ps. 3,948,581     Ps. 93,668     Ps. 8,124,497     Ps.       Ps. 8,124,497  
Intersegment sales
    2,756,895       93,505       45,565       2,895,965       (2,895,965 )        
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total sales
    6,839,143       4,042,086       139,233       11,020,462       (2,895,965 )     8,124,497  
Depreciation and amortization
    334,325       113,408       10,095       457,828               457,828  
Income from operations
    2,472       495,062       (908 )     496,626               496,626  
Total assets
    17,008,990       20,064,711       1,082,256       38,155,957       (22,175,634 )     15,980,323  
Capital expenditures
    217,528       147,298       94,729       459,555               459,555  

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2001
                    Other   Total           Total
    Paper   Packaging   Segment   Segments   Eliminations   Consolidated
Sales to customers
  Ps. 6,041,402     Ps. 4,590,438     Ps. 143,463     Ps. 10,775,303     Ps.       Ps. 10,775,303  
Intersegment sales
    3,511,238       95,135       46,088       3,652,461       (3,652,461 )        
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total sales
    9,552,640       4,685,573       189,551       14,427,764       (3,652,461 )     10,775,303  
Depreciation and amortization
    354,871       114,543       17,272       486,686               486,686  
Income from operations
    439,138       485,189       93,726       1,018,053               1,018,053  
Total assets
    22,729,620       22,421,624       1,173,014       46,324,258       (25,695,839 )     20,628,419  
Capital expenditures
    265,305       428,608       152,736       846,649               846,649  

b.   General information of continuing operations by product:
                         
Net Revenues   2003   2002   2001
Packaging-
Corrugated container
  Ps. 3,645,682     Ps. 3,562,111     Ps. 4,058,485  
Paper sacks
    294,023       379,359       524,007  
Tubes
    2,898       7,111       7,946  
Paper-
Paper for packaging
    1,545,344       1,570,035       1,583,424  
Newsprint
    646,461       730,963       1,721,023  
Uncoated free sheet
    615,053       671,402       833,990  
Kraft paper
            328,493       415,070  
Coated bleached board
            781,355       1,487,895  
Other segment
    81,567       93,668       143,463  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total consolidated
  Ps. 6,831,028     Ps. 8,124,497     Ps. 10,775,303  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

c.   General segment information of continuing operations by geographical area:
                         
2003
                    Capital
    Revenues   Total Assets   Expenditures
Mexico
  Ps. 7,426,589     Ps. 41,005,595     Ps. 90,235  
United States of America
    2,051,124       3,113,796       16,484  
Intersegment eliminations
    (2,646,685 )     (28,498,754 )        
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Consolidated
  Ps. 6,831,028     Ps. 15,620,637     Ps. 106,719  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

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2002
                    Capital
    Revenues   Total Assets   Expenditures
Mexico
  Ps. 7,670,024     Ps. 34,253,436     Ps. 301,513  
United States of America
    3,350,438       3,902,521       158,042  
Intersegment eliminations
    (2,895,965 )     (22,175,634 )        
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Consolidated
  Ps. 8,124,497     Ps. 15,980,323     Ps. 459,555  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
                         
2001
                    Capital
    Revenues   Total Assets   Expenditures
Mexico
  Ps. 9,879,093     Ps. 37,562,168     Ps. 678,508  
United States of America
    4,548,671       8,762,090       168,141  
Intersegment eliminations
    (3,652,461 )     (25,695,839 )        
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Consolidated
  Ps. 10,775,303     Ps. 20,628,419     Ps. 846,649  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

d.   Homogeneous clients:
 
    Annual revenues from the following client groups to which the Company sells are:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Food and beverage
  Ps. 2,702,866     Ps. 3,418,340     Ps. 4,542,012  
Agribusiness
    495,813       477,323       511,369  
Aviculture
    244,261       249,348       292,211  
Maquila sector
    266,135       267,158       284,094  
Cement
    151,739       237,553       345,316  
Lime and plaster
    52,345       51,177       64,829  
Editorial
    1,530,000       1,609,000       1,794,000  
Scholastic
    228,000       179,000       207,000  
Furniture manufacturers
    81,567       93,668       143,463  
Other
    1,078,302       1,541,930       2,591,009  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total
  Ps. 6,831,028     Ps. 8,124,497     Ps. 10,775,303  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

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23.   New accounting principles
 
    In March 2003, the Mexican Institute of Public Accountants (“MIPA”) issued Bulletin C-15, “Impairment of the Value of Long-Lived Assets and Their Disposal” (“C-15”), whose adoption is mandatory for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2004, although early adoption is encouraged. C-15 establishes, among other things, new rules for the calculation and recognition of impairment losses for long-lived assets and their reversal. It also provides guidance as to indicators of potential impairment in the carrying amount of tangible and intangible long-lived assets in use, including goodwill. Companies must test for impairment unless there is conclusive evidence that the indicators of impairment are temporary. The calculation of such loss requires the determination of the recoverable value, which is now defined as the greater of the net selling price of a cash-generating unit and its value in use, which is the net present value of discounted future net cash flows. The accounting principles issued prior to this new Bulletin used future net cash flows, without requiring the discounting of such cash flows. During 2003 and 2002 indicators of potential impairment were identified by the Company, and in conformity with the accounting principles in effect until December 31, 2003, the Company recorded the effects of this impairment, reducing the machinery’s value by approximately Ps.956,043 and Ps.1,670,493, respectively, and reducing the deferred income tax liability by Ps.305,933 and Ps.534,558, respectively, with a net charge to results of operations for those years of Ps.650,110 and Ps.1,135,935, respectively. However, since the present value of estimated future net cash flows from the use of this machinery is less than its book value as of December 31, 2003, the Company estimates that the adoption of C-15 as of January 1, 2004, will result in additional impairment of this machinery, reducing its value by approximately Ps.914,146 and reducing the deferred income tax liability by Ps.292,527, with a net charge to the statement of operations of Ps.621,619.
 
    In May 2003, the MIPA issued Bulletin C-12, “Financial Instruments of a Debt or Equity Nature or a Combination of Both” (“C-12”), whose application is mandatory for financial statements for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2004, although early adoption is encouraged. C-12 is the compilation of the standards issued by the MIPA with respect to the issue of debt or equity financial instruments, or a combination of both, and includes additional standards on the accounting recognition for these instruments. Consequently, C-12 indicates the basic differences between liabilities and stockholders’ equity and establishes the rules for classifying and valuing the components of debt and equity of combined financial instruments in the initial recognition. Subsequent recognition and valuation of liabilities and stockholders’ equity of the financial instruments is subject to the standards issued previously in the applicable bulletins. Since the Company has not issued any financial instruments with characteristics of both debt and equity, management believes this new accounting principle will not have any effects on its financial situation and results of operations.
 
24.   Differences Between Mexican GAAP and US GAAP
 
    The consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with Mexican GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from US GAAP. A reconciliation of the reported majority net income (loss), majority stockholders’ equity (deficit) and majority comprehensive income (loss) to US GAAP is presented in Note 25. It should be noted that this reconciliation to US GAAP does not include the reversal of the restatement of the financial statements for the effects of inflation as required by Bulletin B-10, “Recognition of the Effects of Inflation in the Financial Information”, of Mexican GAAP. The application of this bulletin represents a comprehensive measure of the effects of price-level changes in the Mexican economy and, as such, is considered a more meaningful presentation than historical cost-based financial reporting in Mexican pesos for both Mexican and US accounting purposes.

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    The differences between Mexican GAAP and US GAAP included in the reconciliation that affect the consolidated financial statements of the Company are described below.

a.   Restatement of prior year financial statements – As explained in Notes 3.b and 3.p, in accordance with Mexican GAAP, the financial statements for Mexican subsidiaries for prior years have been restated using Mexican inflation factors, and for foreign subsidiaries and affiliated companies for prior years have been restated using the inflation rate of the country in which the foreign subsidiary or affiliated company is located, then translated to Mexican pesos at the year-end exchange rate.
 
    Under US GAAP, the Company applies the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States of America (“SEC”), which require that prior year financial statements be restated in constant units of the reporting currency, in this case the Mexican peso, which requires the restatement of such prior year amounts using inflation factors.
 
    Additionally, all other US GAAP adjustments for prior years have been restated based upon the SEC methodology.
 
b.   Classification differences – Certain items require a different classification in the balance sheet or statement of operation under US GAAP. These include:

  As explained in Note 6, under Mexican GAAP, advances to suppliers are recorded as inventories. Under US GAAP, advances to suppliers are classified as prepaid expenses.
 
  The impairment of long-lived assets, the gain or loss on the disposition of fixed assets, all severance indemnities, and employee profit sharing must be included in operating expenses under US GAAP.
 
  As explained in Note 18, under Mexican GAAP, the 2002 consolidated balance sheet has been reformulated to reflect the discontinuation and/or sale of certain subsidiaries or significant assets, which are presented as discontinued operations. Under US GAAP, the 2002 condensed consolidated balance sheet has not been reformulated for such discontinued operations.

c.   Deferred start-up and research and development costs – In 2002, under Mexican GAAP the Company deferred certain costs basically in relation to the reconstruction of a manufacturing plant that suffered a fire (Ponderosa Industrial de México, S.A. de C.V.) and the development of a new paper manufacturing process. Under US GAAP, SFAS No. 2, “Accounting for Research and Development Costs” and SOP 98-5, “Reporting on the Costs of Start-up Activities”, require that the Company expense the start-up and research and development costs as incurred. As such, at December 31, 2003 and 2002, the start-up and research and development costs have been included in the calculation of net income (loss) under US GAAP.
 
d.   Restatement of imported fixed assets – As explained in Note 3.e, under Mexican GAAP, fixed assets of foreign origin have been restated by applying the inflation rate of the country of origin and then translated at the year-end exchange rate of the Mexican peso.
 
    Under US GAAP, the Company applies the SEC regulations, which require that all machinery and equipment, both domestic and imported, be restated using Mexican inflation factors.
 
e.   Capitalization of net comprehensive financing cost – Under Mexican GAAP, the capitalization of net comprehensive financing cost (interest, exchange gain (loss) and monetary position gain) generated by loan agreements is optional, and the Company has elected to capitalize such cost only when there are specific borrowings obtained to finance the investment projects.

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    In accordance with US GAAP, if interest is incurred during the construction of qualifying assets, capitalization is required as part of the cost of such assets. Accordingly, a reconciling item for the capitalization of a portion of the comprehensive financing cost is included in the US GAAP reconciliation of the majority net income (loss) and majority stockholders’ equity (deficit). If the borrowings are denominated in US dollars, the weighted-average interest rate on all such outstanding debt is applied to the balance of construction-in-progress to determine the amount to be capitalized. If the borrowings are denominated in Mexican pesos, the amount of interest to be capitalized as noted above is reduced by the gain on monetary position associated with the debt.
 
f.   Deferred income taxes and employee profit sharing – The Company follows SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” for US GAAP purposes, which differs from Mexican GAAP as follows:

  Under Mexican GAAP, deferred taxes are classified as non-current, while under US GAAP deferred taxes are based on the classification of the related asset or liability.
 
  Under Mexican GAAP, the effects of inflation on the deferred tax balance generated by monetary items are recognized in the result on monetary position. Under US GAAP, the deferred tax balance is classified as a non-monetary item. As a result, the consolidated statement of operations differs with respect to the presentation of the gain (loss) on monetary position and deferred income tax provision.
 
  Under Mexican GAAP, deferred employee profit sharing is calculated considering only those temporary differences that arise during the year and which are expected to turn around within a defined period, while under US GAAP, the same liability method as used for deferred income taxes is applied.
 
  The US GAAP adjustments to the accounting basis of assets and liabilities generate a difference calculating the deferred income tax under US GAAP compared to the one presented under Mexican GAAP (see Note 17).
 
  Under US GAAP, in view of the going-concern uncertainty, a full valuation allowance has been provided for all deferred tax assets not assured of realization. Under Mexican GAAP, an entity-by-entity analysis of the realizability of all deferred tax assets has been performed to determine the required valuation allowance.

    The tax effects of temporary differences that generated deferred tax liabilities (assets) under US GAAP are as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Deferred ISR (asset) liability:
               
Property, plant and equipment
  Ps. 2,523,731     Ps. 3,114,854  
Inventories
    (44,457 )     57,745  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (41,839 )     (41,315 )
Accrued expenses
    (104,082 )     (143,787 )
Other assets
    34,408       52,740  
Other
    24,421       13,155  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Deferred ISR from temporary differences
    2,392,182       3,053,392  
Tax loss carryforwards
    (1,545,386 )     (1,705,994 )
Recoverable tax on assets
    (316,349 )     (404,099 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    530,447       943,299  
Valuation allowance
    2,082,199       2,110,093  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net deferred ISR liability
  Ps. 2,612,646     Ps. 3,053,392  
 
   
 
     
 
 

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    The changes in the balance of the deferred income taxes for the year under US GAAP are as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Balance at beginning of the year
  Ps. 3,053,392     Ps. 3,065,775  
Provision for the year
    (86,080 )     (19,847 )
Change in deferred income tax liability of discontinued operations
    (354,666 )     7,464  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of the year
  Ps. 2,612,646     Ps. 3,053,392  
 
   
 
     
 
 

    The tax effects of temporary differences that generated deferred profit sharing liabilities (assets) under US GAAP are as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Deferred employee profit sharing (asset) liability:
               
Property, plant and equipment
  Ps. 798,969     Ps. 1,048,306  
Inventories
    (13,893 )     17,498  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (13,075 )     (12,876 )
Accrued expenses
    (30,427 )     (46,576 )
Other assets
    (3,020 )     427  
Other
    (24,233 )     60,826  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    714,321       1,067,605  
Valuation allowance
    68,895          
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net deferred employee profit sharing liability
  Ps. 783,216     Ps. 1,067,605  
 
   
 
     
 
 

    The changes in the balance of the deferred employee profit sharing liability for the year under US GAAP are as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Balance at beginning of the year
  Ps. 1,067,605     Ps. 1,019,336  
Provision for the year
    (183,994 )     113,940  
Change in the deferred employee profit sharing liability of discontinued operations
    (100,395 )     (65,671 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of the year
  Ps. 783,216     Ps. 1,067,605  
 
   
 
     
 
 

    The deferred income tax and profit sharing classification in the condensed consolidating balance sheet as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 is as follows:
                         
            2003    
            Employee    
    Income Tax   Profit Sharing   Total
Deferred asset:
                       
Current
  Ps. (145,921 )   Ps. (67,735 )   Ps. (213,656 )
Long term
    (138,468 )     (46,291 )     (184,759 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    (284,389 )     (114,026 )     (398,415 )
Deferred liability:
                       
Current
    373,304       98,273       471,577  
Long term
    2,523,731       798,969       3,322,700  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    2,897,035       897,242       3,794,277  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Deferred liability, net
  Ps. 2,612,646     Ps. 783,216     Ps. 3,395,862  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

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            2002    
            Employee    
    Income Tax   Profit Sharing   Total
Deferred assets:
                       
Current
  Ps. (185,102 )   Ps. (59,452 )   Ps. (244,554 )
Long term
    (380,364 )     (118,864 )     (499,228 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    (565,466 )     (178,316 )     (743,782 )
Deferred liability:
                       
Current
    504,004       197,188       701,192  
Long term
    3,114,854       1,048,733       4,163,587  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    3,618,858       1,245,921       4,864,779  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Deferred liability, net
  Ps. 3,053,392     Ps. 1,067,605     Ps. 4,120,997  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

g.   Employee retirement obligations – Under Mexican GAAP, the liabilities for employee benefits are determined using actuarial computations in accordance with Bulletin D-3, “Labor Obligations”, which is substantially the same as US GAAP SFAS No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions”.
 
    Under Mexican GAAP and US GAAP, there is no difference in the liabilities for seniority premiums and pension plans.
 
    The following sets forth the changes in benefit obligations, and the funded status of such plans for 2003 and 2002 reconciled with the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets under US GAAP.
                 
    2003   2002
Accumulated benefit obligation:
               
Continued operations
  Ps. 199,467     Ps. 166,112  
Discontinued operations
    710       20,784  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 200,177     Ps. 186,896  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
  Ps. 225,717     Ps. 222,452  
Less projected benefit obligation of discontinued operations at beginning of year
    (25,603 )        
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    200,114       222,452  
Service costs
    5,483       8,825  
Interest cost
    8,929       9,399  
Actuarial loss
    (16,286 )     (2,123 )
Benefits paid
    (19,179 )     (14,905 )
Net change in benefit obligation of discontinued operations
            2,069  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Projected benefit obligation at end of year
  Ps. 179,061     Ps. 225,717  
 
   
 
     
 
 

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    2003   2002
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets consist of:
               
Unfunded liability
  Ps. 179,061     Ps. 225,717  
Less-
               
Plan assets
               
Unrecognized transition obligation and other
    (80,652 )     (118,070 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net projected liability
    98,409       107,647  
Intangible asset
    101,058       79,249  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Liability recognized under US and Mexican GAAP
  Ps. 199,467     Ps. 186,896  
 
   
 
     
 
 

h.   Minority interest – Under Mexican GAAP, the minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries is presented as a separate component within stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheet.
 
    Under US GAAP, this item must be excluded from consolidated stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheet. Additionally, the minority interest in the net earnings (losses) of consolidated subsidiaries is excluded from consolidated net income (loss).
 
    The US GAAP adjustments shown in Note 25.a and 25.b are calculated on a consolidated basis. Therefore, the minority interest effect is presented as a separate line item, in order to obtain net income (loss) and stockholders’ equity.
 
i.   Acquisitions – As discussed in Note 3.k, under Mexican GAAP, the Company recorded negative goodwill that arose from various acquisitions realized in prior years, which represents the excess of the book value of the net assets acquired over the purchase price. Such negative goodwill was amortized into income over the period in which the Company integrated these operations into the entity.
 
    Under US GAAP, the excess of the book value of the net assets acquired over the purchase price was recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the long-term assets (primarily fixed assets).
 
    Additionally, US GAAP allows the recognition of termination costs and the effect of conforming the accounting policies of the acquired companies as liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. Such costs are considered components of the net investments.
 
j.   Reversal of loss on sale of fixed assets – As disclosed in Note 19.b, “Extraordinary loss”, during 2001 the Company sold certain non-strategic assets. The US GAAP carrying value of the assets sold differed from the carrying value recorded under Mexican GAAP due to differences in the application of purchase accounting. As a result, the Company reversed the additional loss recognized under Mexican GAAP. Further, under Mexican GAAP, special items are presented as a separate line item in the statement of operations, whereas for US GAAP purposes such items are presented as a part of operating income. Therefore, for US GAAP purposes, the Company reclassified special items to operating income after giving effect to the reversal of the loss on sale of fixed assets.
 
k.   Loss on extinguishment of Yankee Bonds – In February 2001, the Company prepaid its US$150 million Yankee Bonds maturing in 2001 (“2001 Yankee Bonds”). Under Mexican GAAP, the Company capitalized the consent fee totaling Ps.33,516 paid to the bondholders of the 2001 Yankee Bonds and is amortizing such amount over the term of the new US$180 million Yankee Bonds maturing in 2006 (“2006 Yankee Bond”), which were issued simultaneously. Under Mexican GAAP, for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 amortization of the debt issuance cost of the 2006 Yankee Bond totaled Ps.22,897, Ps.30,880 and Ps.16,022, respectively. In addition, the Company wrote-off Ps.15,679 of unamortized debt issuance cost related to the 2001 Yankee Bonds. Under US GAAP, this consent fee and the write-off of unamortized debt issuance cost would be recognized in earnings immediately and considered as part of the cost of extinguishing the 2001 Yankee Bonds. Under US GAAP, the loss on extinguishment of the 2001 Yankee Bonds (which includes the consent fee) would have totaled Ps.47,929. Under US GAAP, for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002

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    and 2001, amortization of the debt issuance cost of the 2006 Yankee Bond totaled Ps.17,999, Ps.16,096 and Ps.14,753, respectively.
 
l.   Debt issuance costs – In August 2001, the Company exchanged US$138.7 million of its US$250 million Yankee Bonds maturing in 2003 (“2003 Yankee Bonds”) for an additional US$128.3 million 2006 Yankee Bonds and US$10.4 million Yankee Bonds maturing in 2008 (“2008 Yankee Bonds”). Under Mexican GAAP, the Company capitalized Ps.109,593 of fees and expenses, excluding consent fees, incurred in connection with the exchange offering as debt issuance costs. During 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company amortized Ps.28,693, Ps.26,332 and Ps.7,455, respectively, in relation to these costs. In addition, the Company wrote-off Ps.21,657 representing the unamortized debt issuance cost of the 2003 Yankee Bonds.
 
    Under US GAAP, debt issuance costs, excluding consent fees, relating to the exchange offering would be expensed since the terms of the 2006 and 2008 Yankee Bonds are not considered substantially different from the 2003 Yankee Bonds. Furthermore, the unamortized portion of original 2003 Yankee bonds, which totaled Ps.7,102, Ps.4,261 and Ps.1,420 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively, would be amortized over the new term of the 2006 and 2008 Yankee Bonds.
 
    In September 2002, the Company initiated the process to register the 2009 Senior Notes. Under Mexican GAAP, the Company capitalized Ps.26,487 of fees and expenses. Under US GAAP those expenses were charged to operations in the condensed statement of operations, as the Company could not complete the registration process.
 
m.   Impairment of long-lived assets – For US GAAP purposes, beginning on January 1, 2002, the Company follows SFAS No.144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”.
 
    For the year ended December 31, 2001, the Company followed SFAS No. 121, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of”. SFAS Nos. 144 and 121 provide criteria for when and under what circumstances an impairment loss (write-down) should be recorded and the manner in which the write-down should be measured. An evaluation of impairment is undertaken whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Under SFAS Nos. 144 and 121, the impairment criteria are met when the carrying value of assets exceeds the sum of expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related assets. If it is determined that an asset is impaired, it is written down to its fair value.
 
    The Company tested certain long-lived assets for recoverability in 2003 and 2002 in response to significant adverse changes in business climate occurring during these years (see Note 1.d). Under US GAAP, certain assets being evaluated for recoverability had lower book values than under Mexican GAAP and negative goodwill resulting from acquisitions has reduced the US GAAP carrying value of the assets. As such, in 2003 and 2002 the impairment charge recorded under Mexican GAAP was greater than the impairment charge calculated under US GAAP. As a result, during 2003 and 2002, the Company recognized an adjustment to US GAAP net income (loss) of Ps.256,525 and Ps.776,744, respectively. Theses expenses relate primarily to machinery and equipment.
 
n.   Adjustment to loss on sale of subsidiary and discontinued operations As described in Note 1.c, in October 2002, the Company sold its shares of DPC. Additionally, as disclosed in Note 18, during 2003 the Company sold its investment in Pronal and the assets of its molded pulp division, and approved a plan to sell a particleboard plant located in Chihuahua.

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    Historically, under US GAAP the carrying value of such subsidiary and discontinued operations differed from the carrying value recorded under Mexican GAAP due to deferred income taxes, negative goodwill, fixed asset impairment, and the reversal of loss on sale of fixed assets. As such, the Company reversed the amount of the US GAAP cumulative prior period adjustments relating to DPC, Pronal, the molded pulp division and the particleboard plant. In accordance with SFAS No. 144, the sales of these components of the Company have been presented as discontinued operations in the condensed statement of income for all periods presented.
 
o.   Equity swap agreements – In prior years, the Company has entered into “Equity Share Swap Transactions” (collectively, “Equity Swaps”) with financial institutions, with respect to its American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”) at prices ranging from US$10.4489 to US$14.2813. The Equity Swaps had notional amounts of US$6.06 at December 31, 2001 bearing interest at LIBOR plus 2.95% payable semiannually and was due in 2002. Under Mexican GAAP, the Company recorded the fair value of the Equity Swaps on the balance sheet, with a corresponding adjustment to stockholders’ equity through December 31, 2000.
 
    Upon adoption of Bulletin C-2 under Mexican GAAP effective January 1, 2001, the Company recorded the fair value of the Equity Swaps with a corresponding adjustment to the income (loss) for the period. Under US GAAP, the fair value of the Equity Swaps was recorded in income (loss) for the period. The Equity Swaps matured in May 2002; therefore, the Company had no outstanding swaps at December 31, 2003 or 2002.
 
p.   Statement of cash flows – Under Mexican GAAP, the Company presents a consolidated statement of changes in financial position in accordance with Bulletin B-12, “Statement of Changes in Financial Position”, which identifies the generation and application of resources by the differences between beginning and ending financial statement balances in constant Mexican pesos. Bulletin B-12 also requires that monetary and foreign exchange gains and losses be treated as cash items for the determination of resources generated by operations.
 
    In accordance with US GAAP, the Company follows SFAS No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows,” which is presented below excluding the effects of inflation.
 
q.   Summarized financial information under US GAAP – The condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, and the condensed consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the three years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, reflecting US GAAP adjustments, are presented below.
 
    Condensed consolidated balance sheets:
                 
    2003   2002
Total current assets
  Ps. 3,879,520     Ps. 4,418,151  
Property, plant and equipment – Net
    10,183,703       12,610,456  
Other assets – Net
    1,066,362       536,460  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total assets
  Ps. 15,129,585     Ps. 17,565,067  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Current liabilities
  Ps. 12,050,369     Ps. 10,739,951  
Total long-term liabilities
    4,213,037       5,675,969  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total liabilities
    16,263,406       16,415,920  
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries
    58,687       58,811  
Stockholders’ equity
    (1,192,508 )     1,090,336  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 15,129,585     Ps. 17,565,067  
 
   
 
     
 
 

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    Condensed consolidated statements of operations:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Net sales
  Ps. 6,831,028     Ps. 6,510,982     Ps. 7,600,882  
Cost of sales and operating expenses
    6,936,659       6,620,573       6,484,643  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income (loss) from operations
    (105,631 )     (109,591 )     1,116,239  
Net comprehensive financing cost
    (1,636,309 )     (1,539,438 )     (657,144 )
Other income (expenses) – Net
    (401,129 )     58,888       (109,980 )
Income tax benefit (expense)
    13,972       (95,040 )     (77,988 )
Minority interest in results of consolidated subsidiaries
    2,602       (12,172 )     (5,469 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    (2,126,495 )     (1,697,353 )     265,658  
Discontinued operations – Net
    (93,436 )     (509,737 )     (16,737 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net income (loss)
  Ps. (2,219,931 )   Ps. (2,207,090 )   Ps. 248,921  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of:
                       
Continuing operations
  Ps. (22.88 )   Ps. (18.04 )   Ps. 2.82  
Discontinued operations
    (1.01 )     (5.42 )     (0.18 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. (23.88 )   Ps. (23.46 )   Ps. 2.64  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net income (loss)
  Ps. (2,219,931 )   Ps. (2,207,090 )   Ps. 248,921  
Excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity
    (11,320 ))     (1,277,700 )     70,009  
Additional liability for employee retirement obligations
                    (133,290 )
Cumulative translation adjustment of foreign subsidiaries
    123,724       357,351       (77,481 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
US GAAP comprehensive income (loss)
  Ps. (2,107,527 )   Ps. (3,127,439 )   Ps. 108,159  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

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    Changes in stockholders’ equity:
                 
    2003   2002
Balance at beginning of the year
  Ps. 1,090,336     Ps. 4,217,775  
Net income (loss) under US GAAP
    (2,219,931 )     (2,207,090 )
Excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity
    (11,320 )     (1,277,700 )
Cumulative translation adjustment of foreign subsidiaries
    123,724       357,351  
Allowance for accounts receivable due from shareholders
    (175,317 )        
 
   
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of the year
  Ps. (1,192,508 )   Ps. 1,090,336  
 
   
 
     
 
 

     Condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

                         
    2003   2002   2001
Operating activities:
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  Ps. (2,126,495 )   Ps. (1,697,353 )   Ps. 265,658  
Items that did not require resources
    1,389,634       2,114,226       309,227  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
    614,166       482,342       686,782  
Discontinued operations
    (191,428 )     (509,737 )     (16,737 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities
    (314,123 )     389,478       1,244,930  
Financing activities:
                       
Short-term and long-term debt – Net
    (405,978 )     1,422,414       (792,526 )
Other financing activities
            (50,027 )     (234,650 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) financing activities
    (405,978 )     1,372,387       (1,027,176 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Investing activities:
                       
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
    (106,719 )     (468,764 )     (932,949 )
Sale of (investment in) subsidiaries
    924,620       (746,887 )     (6,920 )
Other investments activities
    92,171       (232,656 )     413,993  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) investing activities
    910,072       (1,448,307 )     (525,876 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Effect of inflation and exchange rate changes on cash and temporary investments
    194,121       (563,596 )     (13,611 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and temporary investments
    384,092       (250,038 )     (321,733 )
Balance at beginning of year
    265,863       515,901       837,634  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 649,955     Ps. 265,863     Ps. 515,901  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Supplemental cash flow information:
                       
Interest paid
  Ps. 143,770     Ps. 803,755     Ps. 970,035  
Income tax and tax on asset paid
    163,774       195,809       251,605  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 307,544     Ps. 999,564     Ps. 1,221,640  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

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25.   Reconciliation of Mexican GAAP to US GAAP

a.   Reconciliation of net income (loss) for the year
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Net income (loss) corresponding to majority interest under Mexican GAAP
  Ps. (3,348,336 )   Ps. (3,742,169 )   Ps. 861,314  
Deferred income taxes
    64,879       (633,171 )     (300,463 )
Deferred employee statutory profit sharing expense
    253,268       (48,269 )     15,389  
Purchase accounting adjustments:
                       
Amortization of negative goodwill
                    (467,036 )
Depreciation
    156,926       156,926       173,348  
Reversal of loss on sale of discontinued operations
    71,372                  
Reversal of loss on sale of fixed assets
            (128,108 )     128,108  
Effect of fifth amendment to Bulletin B-10
    (67,358 )     (64,050 )     (64,525 )
Loss on extinguishment of Yankee Bonds
    14,717       14,717       (32,250 )
Debt issuance costs
    29,962       (2,734 )     (81,901 )
Capitalized financing costs
    11,910       32,439       26,939  
Effect of Bulletin B-15 on prior years
            55,472       (8,722 )
Adjustment to fixed asset impairment
    256,525       776,744          
Adjustment to loss on sale of subsidiary
    246,380       1,539,564          
Equity swaps
            (50,875 )        
Deferred start up and research and development costs
    93,058       (104,650 )        
Effect of US GAAP adjustments on minority interest
    (3,234 )     (8,926 )     (1,280 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
US GAAP net income (loss)
  Ps. (2,219,931 )   Ps. (2,207,090 )   Ps. 248,921  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

    Under US GAAP, the monetary position effect of the statement of operations adjustments is included in each adjustment, except for the capitalization of the comprehensive financing cost, intangible assets and goodwill, which are non-monetary.

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b.   Reconciliation of stockholders’ equity
                 
    2003   2002
Total stockholders’ equity corresponding to majority interest under Mexican GAAP
  Ps. 1,533,037     Ps. 4,568,035  
Deferred income taxes
    (693,794 )     (964,344 )
Deferred employee statutory profit sharing
    (814,337 )     (1,067,605 )
Purchase accounting adjustments:
               
Accumulated negative goodwill
    (4,090,350 )     (4,809,394 )
Accumulated depreciation
    793,118       751,958  
Effect of fifth amendment to Bulletin B-10:
               
Fixed assets
    2,845,154       3,687,143  
Fixed assets accumulated depreciation
    (1,711,026 )     (1,437,716 )
Repurchase of Yankee Bonds:
               
Loss on extinguishment of Yankee Bonds
    (33,516 )     (33,516 )
Accumulated amortization
    30,701       15,984  
Debt issuance costs:
               
Reversal of capitalized debt issuance costs
    (114,704 )     (114,704 )
Accumulated amortization
    60,030       30,068  
Capitalized financing costs:
               
Capitalized financing costs
    72,690       60,557  
Accumulated depreciation
    (1,402 )     (1,180 )
Effect of restatement of prior year amounts per Bulletin B-15
            (32,987 )
Adjustment to fixed asset impairment
    934,393       776,744  
Adjustment to loss on sale of subsidiary
            (246,380 )
Deferred start up and research and development costs
    (11,592 )     (104,650 )
Effect of US GAAP adjustments on minority interest
    9,089       12,323  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total US GAAP stockholders’ equity (deficit)
  Ps. (1,192,508 )   Ps. 1,090,336  
 
   
 
     
 
 

c.   Reconciliation of comprehensive income (loss)
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Majority comprehensive income (loss) under Mexican GAAP
  Ps. (2,859,681 )   Ps. (3,672,724 )   Ps. (159,328 )
US GAAP adjustments:
                       
Net income (loss)
    1,128,405       1,535,079       (612,393 )
Translation adjustment
    32,987       393,647       1,079,237  
Result of holding non-monetary assets
    (409,238 )     (1,383,441 )     (199,357 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Comprehensive income (loss)
  Ps. (2,107,527 )   Ps. (3,127,439 )   Ps. 108,159  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

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26.   Future impact of recently issued accounting standards under US GAAP not yet in effect

a.   SFAS No. 149, “Amendments of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”) – In April 2003 the FASB issued SFAS No. 149, which amends and clarifies financial accounting and reporting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts and for hedging activities under SFAS No. 133. The changes in this Statement improve financial reporting by requiring that contracts with comparable characteristics be accounted for similarly. The new standard will be effective for contracts entered into or modified after September 30, 2003, except as stated below and for hedging relationships designated after September 3, 2003. In addition, except as stated below, all provisions of this Statement should be applied prospectively.
 
    The provisions of this Statement that relate to SFAS No. 133 implementation issues that have been effective for fiscal quarters that began prior to September 15, 2003, should continue to be applied in accordance with their respective effective dates. The Company does not anticipate that this new standard will have a significant impact on its financial position or results of operations.
 
b.   FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46”) – In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46. FIN 46 clarified the application of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements,” to certain entities in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. FIN 46 was effective immediately for all variable interests held by the Company in a variable interest entity created after January 31, 2003. For a variable interest held by the Company in a variable interest entity created before February 1, 2003, the Company will be required to apply the provisions of FIN 46 as of December 31, 2004. The Company does not currently have any variable interests in a variable interest entity.

27.   Guarantor financial information
 
    On June 24, 2002, the Company issued US$175 million in 133/4 Senior Notes due 2009. These notes are guaranteed, jointly and severally, on an unsecured basis by certain wholly owned and non-wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company. Additionally, upon the issuance of the notes, the initial subsidiary guarantors also equally and ratably guaranteed the 2006 and 2008 Notes.
 
    Presented below is condensed consolidating financial information as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 and for the three years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 for CODUSA; non-wholly owned combined guarantor subsidiaries; wholly owned combined guarantor subsidiaries; the combined non-guarantor subsidiaries; eliminations and; the Company’s consolidated totals.
 
    Where applicable the equity method has been used by CODUSA and guarantors with respect to their investment in certain subsidiaries for the respective periods presented. The Company has not presented separate financial statements for the wholly owned guarantor subsidiaries since management has determined that such information is not material to investors. The Company has presented separate financial statements of the non-wholly owned subsidiaries. Other disclosures concerning the guarantor subsidiaries were not included because management has determined that such information is not material to investors.

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Condensed consolidating balance sheet
As of December 31, 2003

                                                 
            Guarantor subsidiaries
           
            Non-wholly   Wholly   Non-guarantor        
    CODUSA   Owned   Owned   subsidiaries   Eliminations   Consolidated
Cash and temporary investments
  Ps. 411     Ps. 1,751     Ps. 527,527     Ps. 120,266     Ps.       Ps. 649,955  
Due from related parties
    6,569,031       4,042,965       4,854,618       2,477,967       (17,930,298 )     14,283  
Other current assets
    83,586       363,127       1,746,666       1,125,780       (317,533 )     3,001,626  
Investment in shares of subsidiaries and/or affiliated companies
    6,875,417               246,028       2,299,829       (9,421,274 )        
Property, plant and equipment – Net
    401,552       3,422,988       3,282,127       4,234,459               11,341,126  
Other assets
    889,726       75,027       383,230       203,049       (600,348 )     950,684  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total assets
  Ps. 14,819,723     Ps. 7,905,858     Ps. 11,040,196     Ps. 10,461,350     Ps. (28,269,453 )   Ps. 15,957,674  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Due to related parties
  Ps. 3,864,966     Ps. 4,820,656     Ps. 8,252,532     Ps. 1,216,928     Ps. (18,155,082 )   Ps.    
Other current liabilities
    9,379,240       453,509       473,571       1,559,178       (317,826 )     11,547,672  
Total long-term liabilities
    42,480       933,352       1,158,209       1,275,496       (600,348 )     2,809,189  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total liabilities
    13,286,686       6,207,517       9,884,312       4,051,602       (19,073,256 )     14,356,861  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Capital stock
    4,742,288       4,614,832       3,811,539       12,519,089       (20,945,460 )     4,742,288  
Additional paid-in capital
    1,387,056               664               (664 )     1,387,056  
Other stockholders’ equity accounts
    (4,596,307 )     (2,916,491 )     (2,656,319 )     (6,109,341 )     11,682,151       (4,596,307 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Majority stockholder’ equity
    1,533,037       1,698,341       1,155,884       6,409,748       (9,263,973 )     1,533,037  
Minority stockholders’ equity in consolidated subsidiaries
                                    67,776       67,776  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
    1,533,037       1,698,341       1,155,884       6,409,748       (9,196,197 )     1,600,813  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 14,819,723     Ps. 7,905,858     Ps. 11,040,196     Ps. 10,461,350     Ps. (28,269,453 )   Ps. 15,957,674  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Majority stockholders’ equity under Mexican GAAP
  Ps. 1,533,037     Ps. 1,698,341     Ps. 1,155,884     Ps. 6,409,748     Ps. (9,263,973 )   Ps. 1,533,037  
US GAAP adjustments:
                                               
Deferred income taxes
    (704,034 )     (267,420 )     66,294       211,366               (693,794 )
Deferred employee profit sharing
            (348,502 )     (289,522 )     (176,313 )             (814,337 )
Purchase accounting adjustments:
                                               
Accumulated negative goodwill
    (1,787,416 )     (90,055 )     501,495       (2,302,934 )     (411,440 )     (4,090,350 )
Accumulated depreciation
    367,863       28,526       (42,852 )     425,254       14,327       793,118  
Effect of fifth amendment of Bulletin B-10:
                                               
Fixed assets
    90,617       400,866       720,904       1,632,767               2,845,154  
Fixed assets accumulated depreciation
    (12,913 )     93,930       113,106       (1,905,148 )             (1,711,025 )
Repurchase of Yankee Bonds:
                                               
Loss on extinguishment of Yankee Bonds
    (33,516 )                                     (33,516 )
Accumulated amortization
    30,701                                       30,701  
Debt issuance costs:
                                               
Reversal of capitalized debt issuance costs
    (114,704 )                                     (114,704 )
Accumulated amortization
    60,030                                       60,030  
Capitalization of financing cost:
                                               
Capitalization of financing cost
    12,133                       60,557               72,690  
Accumulated amortization
    (222 )                     (1,180 )             (1,402 )
Adjustment to fixed asset impairment
                            934,393               934,393  
Deferred start-up and research and development costs
            (11,592 )     (68,618 )     68,618               (11,592 )
Investment in subsidiaries
    (634,084 )             (92,890 )             726,974          
Effect of US GAAP adjustments on minority interest
                    4       9,085               9,089  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total US GAAP stokholders’ equity (deficit)
  Ps. (1,192,508 )   Ps. 1,504,094     Ps. 2,063,805     Ps. 5,366,213     Ps. (8,934,112 )   Ps. (1,192,508 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

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Condensed consolidating statement of operations
For the year ended December 31, 2003

                                                 
            Guarantor subsidiaries
           
            Non-wholly   Wholly   Non-guarantor        
    CODUSA   owned   owned   subsidiaries   Eliminations   Consolidated
Net sales
  Ps.       Ps. 1,742,112     Ps. 3,736,352     Ps. 3,919,583     Ps. (2,567,019 )   Ps. 6,831,028  
Cost of sales and operating expenses
    5,306       1,744,040       3,368,810       4,061,826       (2,655,334 )     6,524,648  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income (loss) from operations
    (5,306 )     (1,928 )     367,542       (142,243 )     88,315       306,380  
Net comprehensive financing cost
    (517,496 )     (216,443 )     (650,896 )     (140,325 )     (73,019 )     (1,598,179 )
Other income (expenses) Net
    (124,079 )     (492,814 )     25,255       (827,564 )     (91,987 )     (1,511,189 )
Income tax and employee statutory profit sharing expense
    233,708       163,785       168,736       (494,975 )     (73,203 )     (1,949 )
Equity in losses of subsidiaries and/or affiliated companies
    (2,978,520 )     (1,756 )     (109,957 )     (912,723 )     4,002,956          
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Loss from continuing operations
    (3,391,693 )     (549,156 )     (199,320 )     (2,517,830 )     3,853,062       (2,804,937 )
Discontinued operations – Net
    43,357               (188,577 )     (507,786 )     103,771       (549,235 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Consolidated net loss
  Ps. (3,348,336 )   Ps. (549,156 )   Ps. (387,897 )   Ps. (3,025,616 )   Ps. 3,956,833     Ps. (3,354,172 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net income (loss) corresponding to majority interest under Mexican GAAP
  Ps. (3,348,336 )   Ps. (549,156 )   Ps. (387,897 )   Ps. (3,024,297 )   Ps. 3,961,350     Ps. (3,348,336 )
US GAAP adjustments:
                                               
Deferred income taxes
    227,681       (81,296 )     58,978       (140,484 )             64,879  
Deferred employee profit sharing
            77,727       219,442       (43,901 )             253,268  
Purchase accounting adjustments:
                                               
Depreciation
    58,320       2,900       (16,325 )     98,605       13,426       156,926  
Reversal of loss on sales of discontinued operations
                            71,372               71,372  
Effect of fifth amendment to Bulletin B-10
    (1,472 )     4,520       (22,744 )     (47,662 )             (67,358 )
Loss on extinguishment of Yankee Bonds
    14,717                                       14,717  
Debt issuance costs
    29,962                                       29,962  
Capitalization of financing cost
    11,910                                       11,910  
Adjustment to fixed asset impairment
            25,624               230,901               256,525  
Adjustment to loss on sale of subsidiary
    246,380                                       246,380  
Deferred start-up and research and development costs
            3,241               89,817               93,058  
Investments in subsidiaries
    540,907                               (540,907 )        
Effect of US GAAP adjustments on minority interest
                    787       (4,021 )             (3,234 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net loss for the year under US GAAP
  Ps. (2,219,931 )   Ps. (516,440 )   Ps. (147,759 )   Ps. (2,769,670 )   Ps. 3,433,869     Ps. (2,219,931 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

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Condensed consolidating statement of changes in financial position
For the year ended December 31, 2003

                                                 
            Guarantor subsidiaries
           
            Non-wholly   Wholly   Non-guarantor        
    CODUSA   owned   owned   subsidiaries   Eliminations   Consolidated
Operating activities:
                                               
Loss from continuing operations
  Ps. (3,391,693 )   Ps. (549,156 )   Ps. (199,320 )   Ps. (2,517,830 )   Ps. 3,853,062     Ps. (2,804,937 )
Items that did not require (generate) resources
    2,567,047       431,343       961,491       2,216,980       (4,617,452 )     1,559,409  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
    2,541,695       81,930       (1,251,476 )     (883,514 )     493,727       982,362  
Discontinued operations and extraordinary loss
    43,357               (654,498 )     328,637       103,772       (178,732 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources used in (generated by) operating activities
    1,760,406       (35,883 )     (1,143,803 )     (855,727 )     (166,891 )     (441,898 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Financing activities:
                                               
Short-term and long-term debt – Net
    141,333       (2,020 )     (14,001 )     (272,806 )             (146,570 )
Other financing activities
                            90,737               90,737  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) financing activities
    141,333       (2,020 )     (14,001 )     (182,069 )             (55,833 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Investing activities:
                                               
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
            39,836       (30,810 )     (33,270 )     (82,475 )     (106,719 )
Sale of (investment in) subsidiaries
    (2,026,698 )             1,094,841       719,986       211,871            
Revenues from sale of discontinued operations
                    612,582       312,038               924,620  
Other investing activities
    123,432       (869 )     (498 )     (66,465 )     36,571       92,171  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) investing activities
    (1,903,266 )     38,967       1,676,115       932,289       165,967       910,072  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and temporary investments:
    (1,527 )     1,064       518,311       (105,507 )             412,341  
Balance at beginning of year
    1,938       687       9,216       225,773               237,614  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 411     Ps. 1,751     Ps. 527,527     Ps. 120,266     Ps.       Ps. 649,955  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

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Condensed consolidating statements of cash flow
For the year ended December 31, 2003

                                                 
            Guarantor subsidiaries
           
            Non-wholly   Wholly   Non-guarantor        
    CODUSA   Owned   Owned   subsidiaries   Eliminations   Consolidated
Operating activities:
                                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  Ps. (2,713,251 )   Ps. (516,440 )   Ps. 40,818     Ps. (2,263,203 )   Ps. 3,325,581     Ps. (2,126,495 )
Items that did not require (generate) resources
    2,496,225       403,411       781,238       2,353,907       (4,645,147 )     1,389,634  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
    1,640,136       74,253       (1,344,681 )     (1,257,301 )     1,501,759       614,166  
Discontinued operations and extraordinary loss
    493,320               (654,498 )     315,941       (346,191 )     (191,428 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (using in) operating activities
    1,916,430       (38,776 )     (1,177,123 )     (850,656 )     (163,998 )     (314,123 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Financing activities:
                                               
Short-term and logn-term debt – Net
    (118,075 )     (1,648 )     (13,449 )     (272,806 )             (405,978 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generateb by (used in) financing activities
    (118,075 )     (1,648 )     (13,449 )     (272,806 )             (405,978 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Investing activities:
                                               
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
            (31,295 )     (42,154 )     (33,270 )             (106,719 )
Sale of (investment in) subsidiaries
    (2,026,698 )             1,094,841       719,986       211,871          
Income for sale of discontinued operations
                    612,582       312,038               924,620  
Other investing activities
    123,432       72,783       10,294       (66,465 )     (47,873 )     92,171  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generate by (used in) investing activities
    (1,903,266 )     41,488       1,675,563       932,289       163,998       910,072  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Effect of inflation and exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    103,384                       90,737               194,121  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and temporary investments
    (1,527 )     1,064       484,991       (100,436 )             384,092  
Balance at beginning of year
    1,938       687       42,536       220,702               265,863  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance end of year
  Ps. 411     Ps. 1,751     Ps. 527,527     Ps. 120,266     Ps.       Ps. 649,955  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

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Condensed consolidating balance sheet
As of December 31, 2002

                                                   
            Guarantor subsidiaries
             
            Non-wholly   Wholly   Non-guarantor          
    CODUSA   Owned   Owned   subsidiaries   Eliminations     Consolidated
Cash and temporary investments
  Ps. 1,938     Ps. 687     Ps. 9,216     Ps. 225,773     Ps.         Ps. 237,614  
Due from related parties
    6,052,389       417,818       1,132,011       732,268       (8,143,179 )       191,307  
Other current assets
    14,947       389,643       1,541,235       1,444,715       (119,826 )       3,270,714  
Investment in shares of subsidiaries and/or affiliated companies
    6,894,009       140,286       350,484               (7,384,779 )          
Property, plant and equipment – Net
    450,476       3,364,157       3,592,495       4,623,384                 12,030,512  
Other assets
    753,730       85,239       898,799       953,670       (348,439 )       2,342,999  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
       
 
 
Total assets
  Ps. 14,167,489     Ps. 4,397,830     Ps. 7,524,240     Ps. 7,979,810     Ps. (15,996,223 )     Ps. 18,073,146  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
       
 
 
Due to related parties
  Ps. 1,640,314     Ps. 1,221,948     Ps. 4,233,861     Ps. 158,879     Ps. (7,239,412 )     Ps. 5,590  
Other current liabilities
    7,855,482       304,323       1,212,886       1,514,269       (1,011,757 )       9,875,203  
Total long term-liabilities
    103,658       921,491       1,341,151       1,535,327       (348,442 )       3,553,185  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
       
 
 
Total liabilities
    9,599,454       2,447,762       6,777,898       3,208,475       (8,599,611 )       13,433,978  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
       
 
 
Capital stock
    4,857,963       4,289,289       1,717,076       3,336,226       (9,342,591 )       4,857,963  
Treasury stock
    (115,675 )                                       (115,675 )
Additional paid-in capital
    1,387,056                                         1,387,056  
Other stockholders’ equity accounts
    (1,561,309 )     2,339,221       (1,107,651 )     1,831,303       1,615,569         (1,561,309 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
       
 
 
Majority stockholders’ equity
    4,568,035       1,950,068       609,425       5,167,529       (7,727,022 )       4,568,035  
Minority stockholders’ equity in consolidated subsidiaries
                    136,917       (396,194 )     330,410         71,133  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
       
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
    4,568,035       1,950,068       746,342       4,771,335       (7,396,612 )       4,639,168  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
       
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 14,167,489     Ps. 4,397,830     Ps. 7,524,240     Ps. 7,979,810     Ps. (15,996,223 )     Ps. 18,073,146  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
       
 
 
Majority stockholders’ equity under Mexican GAAP
  Ps. 4,568,035     Ps. 1,950,068     Ps. 609,425     Ps. 5,167,529     Ps. (7,727,022 )     Ps. 4,568,035  
US GAAP adjustments:
                                                 
Deferred income taxes
    (503,321 )     (286,499 )     (535,611 )     361,087                 (964,344 )
Deferred employee profit sharing
            (406,657 )     (531,423 )     (129,525 )               (1,067,605 )
Purchase accounting adjustments:
                                                 
Accumulated negative goodwill
    (1,787,417 )             411,440       (3,021,978 )     (411,439 )       (4,809,394 )
Accumulated depreciation
    309,543               (901 )     442,415       901         751,958  
Effect of fifth amendment of Bulletin B-10:
                                                 
Fixed assets
    58,806       587,662       638,068       2,402,607                 3,687,143  
Fixed assets accumulated depreciation
    (5,013 )     92,502       200,477       (1,725,682 )               (1,437,716 )
Repurchase of Yankee Bonds:
                                                 
Loss on extinguishment of Yankee Bonds
    (33,516 )                                       (33,516 )
Accumulated amortization
    15,984                                         15,984  
Debt issuance costs:
                                                 
Reversal of capitalized debt issuance costs
    (114,704 )                                       (114,704 )
Accumulated amortization
    30,068                                         30,068  
Capitalization of financing cost:
                                                 
Capitalization of financing cost
                            60,557                 60,557  
Accumulated amortization
                            (1,180 )               (1,180 )
Effect of restatement of prior year amounts per Bulletin B-15
    (32,987 )                     (32,987 )     32,987         (32,987 )
Adjustment to fixed asset impairment
                            776,744                 776,744  
Adjustment to loss on sale of subsidiary
    (246,380 )                                       (246,380 )
Deferred start-up and research and development costs
            (14,833 )     (68,619 )     (21,198 )               (104,650 )
Investment in subsidiaries
    (1,168,762 )             (92,890 )             1,261,652            
Effect of US GAAP adjustments on minority interest
                    4       12,319                 12,323  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
       
 
 
Total US GAAP stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 1,090,336     Ps. 1,922,243     Ps. 629,970     Ps. 4,290,708     Ps. (6,842,921 )     Ps. 1,090,336  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
       
 
 

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Condensed consolidating statement of operations
For the year ended December 31, 2002

                                                 
            Guarantor subsidiaries
           
            Non-wholly   Wholly   Non-guarantor        
    CODUSA   owned   owned   subsidiaries   Eliminations   Consolidated
Net sales
  Ps.       Ps. 1,564,591     Ps. 3,607,396     Ps. 4,986,348     Ps. (2,033,838 )   Ps. 8,124,497  
Cost of sales and operating expenses
    11,853       1,380,580       3,158,770       3,138,069       (61,401 )     7,627,871  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income (loss) from operations
    (11,853 )     184,011       448,626       1,848,279       (1,972,437 )     496,626  
Net comprehensive financing cost
    (199,383 )     (199,903 )     (850,277 )     (343,888 )     (88,418 )     (1,681,869 )
Other expenses Net
    (1,467,376 )     (429,245 )     (106,984 )     (1,080,787 )     (42,570 )     (3,126,962 )
Income tax and employee statutory profit sharing expense
    406,905       270,147       239,568       (240,479 )             676,141  
Equity in income (losses) of subsidiaries and/or affiliated companies
    (2,470,462 )     (48,092 )     (44,963 )             2,563,517          
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Loss from continuing operations
    (3,742,169 )     (223,082 )     (314,030 )     183,125       460,092       (3,636,064 )
Discontinued operations – Net
                    (29,695 )     (159,970 )     86,805       (102,860 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Consolidated net income (loss)
  Ps. (3,742,169 )   Ps. (223,082 )   Ps. (343,725 )   Ps. 23,155     Ps. 546,897     Ps. (3,738,924 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net income (loss) corresponding to majority interest under Mexican GAAP
  Ps. (3,742,169 )   Ps. (223,082 )   Ps. (343,725 )   Ps. 23,155     Ps. 546,897     Ps. (3,738,924 )
US GAAP adjustments:
                                               
Deferred income taxes
    (520,932 )     (152,409 )     537,650       (632,876 )     135,396       (633,171 )
Deferred employee profit sharing
            (12,139 )     220,577       (267,733 )     11,026       (48,269 )
Purchase accounting adjustments:
                                               
Depreciation
    46,371                       110,555               156,926  
Effect of fifth amendment to Bulletin B-10
    (1,381 )     26,663       (4,522 )     (41,378 )     (43,432 )     (64,050 )
Reversal of loss on sale of fixed assets
    (128,108 )                                     (128,108 )
Loss on extinguishment of Yankee Bonds
    14,717                                       14,717  
Debt issuance costs
    (2,734 )                                     (2,734 )
Capitalization of financing cost
                            32,439               32,439  
Equity swaps
                            (50,875 )             (50,875 )
Adjustment to fixed asset impairment
                            776,744               776,744  
Adjustment to loss on sale of subsidiary
    1,539,564                                       1,539,564  
Adjustment to loss on sale of an affiliated company
            88,027                       (88,027 )        
Deferred start-up and research and development costs
            (14,833 )     (68,618 )     (21,199 )             (104,650 )
Equity swaps
    (50,875 )                     50,875                  
Effect of restatement fo prior year amounts per Bulletin B-15
    55,472               (59,855 )     19,258       40,597       55,472  
Equity income of affiliated company
    582,985               (33,428 )             (549,557 )        
Effect of US GAAP adjustments on minority interest
                    (10,663 )     1,737       (3,245 )     (12,171 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net income (loss) for the year under US GAAP
  Ps. (2,207,090 )   Ps. (287,773 )   Ps. 237,416     Ps. 702     Ps. 49,655     Ps. (2,207,090 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

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Table of Contents

Condensed consolidating statement of changes in financial position
For the year ended December 31, 2002

                                                 
            Guarantor subsidiaries
           
            Non-wholly   Wholly   Non-guarantor        
    CODUSA   owned   owned   subsidiaries   Eliminations   Consolidated
Operating activities:
                                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  Ps. (3,742,169 )   Ps. (223,082 )   Ps. (314,030 )   Ps. 183,125     Ps. 460,092     Ps. (3,636,064 )
Items that did not require (generate) resources
    3,585,529       296,363       119,105       1,541,576       (2,431,665 )     3,110,908  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
    131,797       (51,460 )     (777,345 )     (917,932 )     1,852,915       237,975  
Discontinued operations and extraordinary loss
                    (37,717 )     50,804       116,500       129,587  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities
    (24,843 )     21,821       (1,009,987 )     857,573       (2,158 )     (157,594 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Financing activities:
                                               
Short-term and long-term debt – Net
    1,338,626       (1,217 )     25,704       (478,163 )             884,950  
Other financing activities
                    (963 )     (37,491 )     2,158       (36,296 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) financing activities
    1,338,626       (1,217 )     24,741       (515,654 )     2,158       848,654  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Investing activities:
                                               
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
            (11,512 )     71,629       (519,672 )             (459,555 )
Sale of (investment in) subsidiaries
    (1,292,454 )             1,065,575       13,980               (212,899 )
Other investing activities
    (357,244 )     (11,888 )     (155,415 )     206,374               (318,173 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) investing activities
    (1,649,698 )     (23,400 )     981,789       (299,318 )             (990,627 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and temporary investments:
    (335,915 )     (2,796 )     (3,457 )     42,601               (299,567 )
Balance at beginning of year
    337,853       3,483       12,673       183,172               537,181  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 1,938     Ps. 687     Ps. 9,216     Ps. 225,773     Ps.       Ps. 237,614  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

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Condensed consolidating statement of cash flow
For the year ended December 31, 2002

                                                 
            Guarantor subsidiaries
           
            Non-wholly   Wholly   Non-guarantor        
    CODUSA   Owned   Owned   subsidiaries   Eliminations   Consolidated
Operating activities:
                                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  Ps. (2,207,090 )   Ps. (287,773 )   Ps. 273,280     Ps. 561,380     Ps. (37,150 )   Ps. (1,697,353 )
Items that did not require (generate) resources
    4,851,246       463,912       (748,420 )     (4,312,512 )     1,860,000       2,114,226  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
    (953,206 )     (10,312 )     1,469,692       1,883,665       (1,907,497 )     482,342  
Discontinued operations and extraordinary loss
                    (35,864 )     (560,678 )     86,805       (509,737 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities
    1,690,950       165,827       958,688       (2,428,145 )     2,158       389,478  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Financing activities:
                                               
Short-term and long-term debt – Net
    349,215       (1,124 )     26,970       1,047,353               1,422,414  
Other financing activities
            371       (1,515,081 )     1,466,841       (2,158 )     (50,027 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generateb by (used in) financing activities
    349,215       (753 )     (1,488,111 )     2,514,194       (2,158 )     1,372,387  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Investing activities:
                                               
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
            (10,201 )     (245,745 )     (212,818 )             (468,764 )
Other investing activities
    (2,244,666 )     1,858       687,009       576,256               (979,543 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) investing activities
    (2,244,666 )     (8,343 )     441,264       363,438               (1,448,307 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Effect of inflation and exchange rate changes on cash and temporary investment
    (132,351 )     (159,527 )     118,020       (389,738 )             (563,596 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and temporary investments
    (336,852 )     (2,796 )     29,861       59,749               (250,038 )
Balance at beginning of year
    338,790       3,483       12,675       160,953               515,901  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance end of year
  Ps. 1,938     Ps. 687     Ps. 42,536     Ps. 220,702     Ps.       Ps. 265,863  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

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Condensed consolidating statement of operations
For the year ended December 31, 2001

                                                 
            Guarantor subsidiaries
           
            Non-wholly   Wholly   Non-guarantor        
    CODUSA   owned   owned   subsidiaries   Eliminations   Consolidated
Net sales
  Ps.       Ps. 1,352,425     Ps. 3,745,950     Ps. 6,440,346     Ps. (763,418 )   Ps. 10,775,303  
Cost of sales and operating expenses
    (102,692 )     1,132,273       3,244,838       4,847,443       635,388       9,757,250  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income from operations
    102,692       220,152       501,112       1,592,903       (1,398,806 )     1,018,053  
Net comprehensive financing cost
    643,648       30,521       (677,479 )     (320,636 )     (86,490 )     (410,436 )
Other expenses Net
    72,812       (27,620 )     (23,536 )     503,079       (48,305 )     476,430  
Income tax and employee statutory profit sharing expense
    (216,340 )     71,497       74,184       17,194               (53,465 )
Equity in income (losses) of subsidiaries and/or affiliated companies
    258,502       38,213       151,851       (496,300 )     47,734          
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income from continuing operations
    861,314       332,763       26,132       1,296,240       (1,485,867 )     1,030,582  
Discontinued operations – Net
                    52,738       36,408       63,722       152,868  
Extraordinary loss
            (164,203 )             (153,744 )             (317,947 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Consolidated net income
  Ps. 861,314     Ps. 168,560     Ps. 78,870     Ps. 1,178,904     Ps. (1,422,145 )   Ps. 865,503  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net income (loss) corresponding to majority interest under US GAAP
  Ps. 861,314     Ps. 168,560     Ps. 78,870     Ps. 1,178,904     Ps. (1,422,145 )   Ps. 865,503  
US GAAP adjustments:
                                               
Deferred income taxes
    (19,085 )     19,237       (51,358 )     (219,472 )     (29,785 )     (300,463 )
Deferred employee profit sharing
            49,314       48,536       (55,544 )     (26,917 )     15,389  
Purchase accounting adjustments:
                                               
Amortization of negative goodwill
                            (467,036 )             (467,036 )
Depreciation
    46,370                       126,978               173,348  
Reversal of loss on fixed assets
                            128,108               128,108  
Effect of fifth amendment to Bulletin B-10
    (1,864 )     2,243       3,075       (54,659 )     (13,320 )     (64,525 )
Loss on extinguishment of Yankee Bonds
    (32,250 )                                     (32,250 )
Debt issuance costs
    (81,901 )                                     (81,901 )
Capitalization of financing cost
                            26,939               26,939  
Effect of restatement of prior year amounts per Bulletin B-15
    942               19,265       (34,404 )     5,475       (8,722 )
Investment in subsidiaries
    (524,605 )                             524,605          
Equity income of affiliated company
            21,707                       (21,707 )        
Effect of US GAAP adjustments on minority interest
                    (1,134 )     (146 )     (4,189 )     (5,469 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
US GAAP net income (loss)
  Ps. 248,921     Ps. 261,061     Ps. 97,254     Ps. 629,668     Ps. (987,983 )   Ps. 248,921  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

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Condensed consolidating statements of changes in financial position
For the year ended December 31, 2001

                                                 
            Guarantor subsidiaries
           
            Non-wholly   Wholly   Non-guarantor        
    CODUSA   owned   owned   subsidiaries   Eliminations   Consolidated
Operating activities:
                                               
Income from continuing operations
  Ps. 861,314     Ps. 332,763     Ps. 26,132     Ps. 1,296,240     Ps. (1,485,867 )   Ps. 1,030,582  
Items that did not require (generate) resources
    (80,329 )     (49,394 )     (45,626 )     (196,494 )     207,651       (164,192 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
    (458,043 )     (79,812 )     285,892       693,122       (75,345 )     365,814  
Discontinued operations and extraordinary loss
            (164,203 )     52,737       (155,349 )     63,722       (203,093 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by operating activities
    322,942       39,354       319,135       1,637,519       (1,289,839 )     1,029,111  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Financing activities:
                                               
Short-term and long-term debt – Net
    119,085       (133,996 )     88,870       (745,797 )             (671,838 )
Other financing activities
          (1,264 )             121,874       1,264       121,874  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) financing activities
    119,085       (135,260 )     88,870       (623,923 )     1,264       (549,964 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Investing activities:
                                               
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
    (114,204 )     97,616       (328,225 )     (501,836 )             (846,649 )
Sale of (investment in) subsidiaries
    1,136,247               (88,377 )             (1,047,870 )        
Other investing activities
    (1,175,242 )                     (1,112,111 )     2,336,445       49,092  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) investing activities
    (153,199 )     97,616       (416,602 )     (1,613,947 )     1,288,575       (797,557 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and temporary investments:
    288,828       1,710       (8,597 )     (600,351 )             (318,410 )
Balance at beginning of year
    49,025       1,773       21,270       783,523               855,591  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 337,853     Ps. 3,483     Ps. 12,673     Ps. 183,172     Ps.       Ps. 537,181  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

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Condensed consolidating statement of cash flow
For the year ended December 31, 2001

                                                 
            Guarantor subsidiaries
           
            Non-wholly   Wholly   Non-guarantor        
    CODUSA   Owned   Owned   subsidiaries   Eliminations   Consolidated
Operating activities:
                                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  Ps. 248,921     Ps. 261,061     Ps. 97,253     Ps. 646,406     Ps. (987,983 )   Ps. 265,658  
Items that did not require (generate) resources
    192,525       (168,849 )     (156,493 )     714,750       (272,706 )     309,227  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
    (489,291 )     16,756       636,608       1,071,317       (548,608 )     686,782  
Discontinued operations
                            (16,737 )             (16,737 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities
    (47,845 )     108,968       577,368       2,415,736       (1,809,297 )     1,244,930  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Financing activities:
                                               
Short-term and long-term debt – Net
    (32,719 )     123,921       (115,133 )     (768,595 )             (792,526 )
Other financing activities
            (254,853 )     253,589       (234,650 )     1,264       (234,650 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) financing activities
    (32,719 )     (130,932 )     138,456       (1,003,245 )     1,264       (1,027,176 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Investing activities:
                                               
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
    (114,204 )     (58,731 )     (390,513 )     (369,501 )             (932,949 )
Other investing activities
    68,043       176,287       (1,936 )     (1,643,354 )     1,808,033       407,073  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) investing activities
    (46,161 )     117,556       (392,449 )     (2,012,855 )     1,808,033       (525,876 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Effect of inflation and exchange rate changes on cash and temporary investments
    416,490       (93,882 )     (331,970 )     (4,249 )             (13,611 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and temporary investments
    289,765       1,710       (8,595 )     (604,613 )             (321,733 )
Balance at beginning of year
    49,025       1,773       21,270       765,566               837,634  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 338,790     Ps. 3,483     Ps. 12,675     Ps. 160,953     Ps.       Ps. 515,901  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

* * * * * *

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Report of Independent Registered Public
Accounting firm to the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Compañía Papelera de
Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.

We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V., formerly Compañía Industrial de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V. (the “Company”), a 98% owned subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. (“CODUSA”), as of December 31, 2003, and the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and changes in financial position for the year then ended, all expressed in thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in Mexico and with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the 2003 financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V. as of December 31, 2003, and the results of its operations, changes in its stockholders’ equity and changes in its financial position for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico.

Accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The application of the latter would have affected the determination of stockholders’ equity and net loss as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003 to the extent summarized in Note 20.

The accompanying financial statements as of December 31, 2003 and for the year then ended have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As described in Note 2.c to the financial statements, during 2003, 2002 and 2001 the Company incurred significant net losses, and during 2003 had an operating loss. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company had negative working capital and, like CODUSA, is experiencing severe liquidity problems. Additionally, as mentioned in Note 16.a to the financial statements, the Company is guarantor of several financing agreements granted to CODUSA totaling US$599.5 million. Since November 2002 CODUSA has failed to comply with the payments of interest and principal related to such financing agreements and, as described in Note 1 to the financial statements, is currently in a debt restructuring process with its creditors. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans related to these matters and the description of CODUSA’s plan of restructuring are described in Note 1; however, this plan has not been completed. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to generate profits and the restructuring of CODUSA’s debt. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the valuation and presentation of assets or the presentation and amount of liabilities that might result if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

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The accompanying financial statements have been translated into English for the convenience of readers in the United States of America.

Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S. C.
A member firm of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu

C.P.C. Claudia Leticia Rizo Navarro

April 30, 2004
(June 28, 2004 as to Notes 1.f, 19, 20 and 21)

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Guadalajara, Jal., March 8, 2003, except with respect to the restatement to constant pesos as of December 31, 2003 as to which the date is July 13, 2004.

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.
(formerly Compañía Industrial de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.)

We have audited the accompanying combined balance sheet of Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V. and subsidiary (formerly Compañía Industrial de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V. and subsidiaries) and Papelera Heda, S.A. de C.V. (HEDA), (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2002 and the related combined statements of income, of changes in shareholders’ equity and of changes in financial position for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2002, which, as described in Note 2, have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States of America) as well as generally accepted auditing standards in Mexico. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statements presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the combined financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the combined financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2002 and the combined results of their operations, the changes in their combined shareholders’ equity and the changes in their combined financial position for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2002, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico.

Accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the Unites States of America. The application of the latter would have affected the determination of stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2002 and net loss for the two years in the period ended December 31, 2002 to the extent summarized in Note 20.

As mentioned in Note 1b, from April to September 2001, the Atenquique plant suspended its operations due to a labor conflict. All related expenses consisting of severance payments

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paid to employees, as well as the costs of suspending and restarting the operations are presented as an extraordinary item in the accompanying income statements. As a result of the operational shutdown, all personnel was liquidated, and during September, 2001 the Company rehired part of the personnel, and restarted the operations. Severance expense amounted $107,763, net of $32,801 related to seniority premiums liability cancellation, and the cost of suspending and restarting operations amounted $56,441. Consequently, during 2001, the Atentiquique plant operated for only seven months.

As mentioned in Note 1, in 2003, the Company has experienced significant operating losses and its current liabilities have exceeded in current assets. Further, as explained in Note 16, the Company is a guarantor of several financing arrangements granted to its parent Corporacion Durango, S.A. de C.V. (CODUSA) which as further explained in Note 1, CODUSA is currently in default on such obligations. Since November 2002, CODUSA has failed to comply with the payments of interest and principal related to such financing agreements and, is currently in a debt restructuring process with its creditors. These factors, amongst others, raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on management’s ability to generate profits as well as the successful debt restructuring of CODUSA. The accompanying financial statements include no adjustment pertaining to the recoverability and classification of the amounts recorded as assets and the amounts and classification of liabilities that may become necessary in the event that the Company is unable to continue in operation as a going concern. Management’s plans in this regard are mentioned in Note 1.

As mentioned in Note 1, on July 1, 2003, HEDA, was merged into Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V. The merger of HEDA into Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V was accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control and consequently, has been reflected on a historical cost basis retroactive to the January 1, 2001.

PricewaterhouseCoopers

/s/ José Luis Franco Murayama

C.P.C. José Luis Franco Murayama
Public Accountant

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Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.
(Formerly Compañía Industrial de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.)
(A 98% Subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.)

Balance sheets
As of December 31, 2003 and 2002
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)

Assets

                 
    2003   2002
Current assets:
               
Cash
  Ps. 1,337     Ps. 142  
Accounts receivable – Net
    61,285       53,145  
Due from related parties
    176,946       101,646  
Inventories – Net
    52,661       50,513  
Prepaid expenses
    2,296       601  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total current assets
    294,525       206,047  
Investment in associated company
            140,286  
Property, plant and equipment – Net
    1,446,323       1,274,488  
Intangible asset of employee retirement obligations
    42,938       45,084  
Other assets Net
    17,333       25,483  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total
  Ps. 1,801,119     Ps. 1,691,388  
 
   
 
     
 
 

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

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Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.
(Formerly Compañía Industrial de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.)
(A 98% Subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.)
Balance sheets
As of December 31, 2003 and 2002
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

                 
    2003   2002
Current liabilities:
               
Current portion of long-term debt
  Ps. 1,228     Ps. 1,182  
Notes payable
    1,829       264  
Trade accounts payable
    99,162       90,614  
Due to related parties
    447,131       255,564  
Accrued expenses and taxes, other than income taxes
    144,165       134,662  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total current liabilities
    693,515       482,286  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Long-term liabilities:
               
Long-term debt
    1,299       2,441  
Long-term notes payable
    5,672          
Deferred income taxes
    375,409       303,031  
Employee retirement obligations
    43,711       45,897  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total long-term liabilities
    426,091       351,369  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total liabilities
    1,119,606       833,655  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Commitments and contingencies
               
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Common stock
    2,098,765       2,098,358  
Accumulated deficit
    (199,951 )     (147,560 )
Insufficiency in restated stockholders’ equity
    (564,831 )     (668,710 )
Cumulative initial effect of deferred income taxes
    (424,355 )     (424,355 )
Receivable from sale of shares to CODUSA
    (228,115 )        
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
    681,513       857,733  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total
  Ps. 1,801,119     Ps. 1,691,388  
 
   
 
     
 
 

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

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Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.
(Formerly Compañía Industrial de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.)
(A 98% Subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.)

Statements of operations
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Net sales
  Ps. 628,769     Ps. 617,879     Ps. 317,076  
Cost of sales
    606,079       516,032       289,740  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Gross profit
    22,690       101,847       27,336  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    37,390       33,595       20,539  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income (loss) from operations
    (14,700 )     68,252       6,797  
Net comprehensive financing cost:
                       
Interest expense
    (79,522 )     (76,499 )     (50,327 )
Interest income
    10,885       16,574       14,508  
Exchange gain (loss)
    57       (42,285 )     1,364  
Monetary position gain
    10,465       17,983       11,225  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    (58,115 )     (84,227 )     (23,230 )
Other expenses – Net
    (39,225 )     (58,581 )     (6,105 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Loss before deferred income tax, equity in income (loss) of associated company and extraordinary item
    (112,040 )     (74,556 )     (22,538 )
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)
    (14,744 )     69,224       99,109  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income (loss) before equity in income (loss) of associated company
    (126,784 )     (5,332 )     76,571  
Equity in income (loss) of associated company
    (1,756 )     (48,092 )     38,213  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income (loss) before extraordinary item
    (128,540 )     (53,424 )     114,784  
Extraordinary item
                    (164,203 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net loss
  Ps. (128,540 )   Ps. (53,424 )   Ps. (49,419 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

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Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.
(Formerly Compañía Industrial de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.)
(A 98% Subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.)

Statements of changes in stockholders’ equity
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)
                                                 
                                    Receivable from    
                    Insufficiency   Cumulative Initial   Sale of   Total
                    in Restated   Effect of Deferred   Shares to   Stockholders’
    Common Stock   Accumulated Deficit   Stockholders’ Equity   Income Taxes   CODUSA   Equity
Balances as of January 1, 2001
  Ps. 2,101,961     Ps. (44,443 )   Ps. (546,972 )   Ps. (424,967 )   Ps.       Ps. 1,085,579  
Reimbursement of paid-in capital
    (3,603 )     (274 )     2,001       612               (1,264 )
Comprehensive income
            (49,419 )     220,706                       171,287  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balances as of December 31, 2001
    2,098,358       (94,136 )     (324,265 )     (424,355 )             1,255,602  
Comprehensive loss
            (53,424 )     (344,445 )                     (397,869 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balances as of December 31, 2002
    2,098,358       (147,560 )     (668,710 )     (424,355 )             857,733  
Gain on holding and sale of investment in associated company
            76,149                               76,149  
Net loss
            (128,540 )                             (128,540 )
Excess in restated stockholders’ equity
                    56,997                       56,997  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Comprehensive income
            (52,391 )     56,997                       4,606  
Increase due to merger
    407               46,882                       47,289  
Receivable from sale of shares to CODUSA
                                    (228,115 )     (228,115 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balances as of December 31, 2003
  Ps. 2,098,765     Ps. (199,951 )   Ps. (564,831 )   Ps. (424,355 )   Ps. (228,115 )   Ps. 681,513  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

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Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.
(Formerly Compañía Industrial de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.)
(A 98% subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.)

Statements of changes in financial position
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Operating activities:
                       
Income (loss) before extraordinary item
  Ps. (128,540 )   Ps. (53,424 )   Ps. 114,784  
Items that did not require (generate) resources:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    49,327       45,059       34,855  
(Income) loss on sale of property, plant and equipment
    (2,521 )     924       1,167  
Employee retirement obligations
    265       300       184  
Impairment of long-lived assets
    64,131       51,462          
Deferred income taxes
    14,744       (69,224 )     (99,109 )
Equity in loss (income) of associated company
    1,756       48,092       (38,213 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    (838 )     23,189       13,668  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
(Increase) decrease in:
                       
Accounts receivable
    18,850       (41,444 )     63,340  
Related parties
    5,196       (9,332 )     7,993  
Inventories Net
    (1,682 )     2,401       26,770  
Prepaid expenses
    (780 )     136       226  
Increase (decrease) in:
                       
Trade accounts payable
    (2,887 )     40,812       (51,897 )
Accrued expenses and taxes, other than income taxes
    5,072       3,305       105,138  
Other – Net
    (208 )     (8,695 )     (21,496 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities before extraordinary item
    22,723       10,372       143,742  
Extraordinary item
                    (164,203 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities
    22,723       10,372       (20,461 )

(Continued)

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    2003   2002   2001
Financing activities:
                       
Payments of long-term debt and notes payable
    (2,020 )     (1,217 )     (1,685 )
Reimbursement of paid-in capital
                    (1,264 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources used in financing activities
    (2,020 )     (1,217 )     (2,949 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Investing activities:
                       
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
    (23,725 )     (9,680 )     (13,925 )
Sale of property, plant and equipment
    4,792       73       37,384  
Other assets
    (869 )                
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) investing activities
    (19,802 )     (9,607 )     23,459  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Cash:
                       
Net increase (decrease)
    901       (452 )     49  
Cash increase due to merger
    294                  
Balance at beginning of year
    142       594       545  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 1,337     Ps. 142     Ps. 594  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

(Concluded)

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

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Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.
(Formerly Compañía Industrial de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.)
(A 98% subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.)

Notes to financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)

1.   Activities, significant developments and subsequent event

a.   Activities – Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V. (the “Company”) is subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. (“CODUSA”). The Company’s main activity is the manufacture and sale of containerboard to be used in the manufacturing of corrugated boxes.
 
b.   Termination of unionized employees – Early in 2001, the Company entered into negotiations with its employees’ labor union with the objective of canceling the labor contract that had been in effect for approximately 50 years. After a few months of negotiations, such contract was terminated, and the Company was forced to suspend operations from April to September 2001. The total number of employees was significantly reduced, and severance payments and other fixed costs of Ps.164,203 were incurred. These costs were recorded as an extraordinary item in the results of 2001.
 
c.   Change of legal name – At the General Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held on September 28, 2001, the shareholders of the Company approved the change of legal name from Compañía Industrial de Atenquique, S.A. de C.V. to Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S.A. de C.V.
 
d.   Merger – At the General Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held on July 1, 2003, the merger of Papelera Heda, S. A. de C. V. (“HEDA”), Papeles Guadalajara, S. A. de C. V. (“PAPELES Guadalajara”) and Forestal de Jalisco, S. A. de C. V. (“FOJASA”), into the Company was approved. HEDA and PAPELES Guadalajara were engaged in the manufacture and sale of containerboard to be used in the manufacturing of corrugated boxes, and FOJASA was engaged in the forest products industry (it was dormant at the date of the merger).
 
    Prior to the merger, FOJASA was a subsidiary of the Company, and therefore up to December 31, 2002 the Company prepared consolidated financial statements. PAPELES Guadalajara was incorporated on July 1, 2003, as a result of a spin-off of the assets and liabilities of a containerboard production plant of Empaques de Cartón Titán, S. A. de C. V. (“TITAN”), a subsidiary of CODUSA, and on the same date of its incorporation it was merged into the Company.
 
e.   Sale of investment in associated company – The Company held shares representing 41.97% of the common stock of Envases y Empaques de Mexico, S. A. de C. V. (“EYEMSA”). At the General Ordinary Shareholders Meeting held on April 1, 2003, an increase in the common stock of EYEMSA of Ps. 860,000 was approved, which TITAN fully subscribed and paid, resulting in a reduction of the Company’s participation to 16.19%. This transaction resulted in a gain for the Company in the amount of Ps. 56,443. On July 1, 2003, the Company sold the shares representing its 16.19% participation in EYEMSA to CODUSA for US$20.3 million, which resulted in a gain of Ps. 19,706. As this is a transaction among enterprises under common control that did not represent a change in the entity, the aggregate gain on this transaction of Ps. 76,149 was recorded directly in retained earnings, and the selling price, which has not yet been collected, was reclassified from accounts receivable from related parties to a reduction of stockholders’ equity.

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f.   Significant developments and subsequent event – In order to expand its production facilities, CODUSA and its subsidiaries (“CODUSA Group”) have contracted significant financing from banks in Mexico and abroad, mainly in the U.S. Additionally, on different dates it sold bonds on the New York securities market. However, since 2002 CODUSA Group has been severely affected by a combination of economic factors, such as the slowdown of the U.S. and the international economies, a significant drop in the world price of paper, a drastic reduction in the demand for manufactured products requiring the goods supplied by CODUSA’s subsidiaries, an increase in the cost of raw materials, electric power, gas and labor, and the entry of imported products into the Mexican market.
 
    The above-mentioned negative economic events led to a significant reduction in the generation of cash flow for CODUSA Group during the last quarter of 2002, and as a result since November 2002 CODUSA has been unable to cover the payment of interest and principal on certain debt and has not complied with certain obligations and restrictions imposed by the banks and bondholders to maintain the original maturities of the debt. As a result, a portion of the debt has been reclassified as short term, resulting in negative working capital and uncertainty as to its ability to continue as a going concern.
 
    In November 2002, CODUSA Group initiated negotiations with the banks and bondholders in an effort to restructure its debt and consider the sale of non-strategic assets. In April 2003, CODUSA Group signed a “Forbearance Agreement” with a significant portion of its creditors, under which they agreed to continue productive financial discussions regarding the terms of the debt restructuring. This agreement expired on June 30, 2003.
 
    On April 30, 2004, CODUSA Group and a significant portion of its bank lenders and bondholders signed a Plan Support Agreement regarding its proposed debt restructuring. Under the proposed restructuring, CODUSA’s unsecured creditors would exchange their existing financial debt for one or more tranches of new debt instruments, denominated the Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D Notes, to be issued in an aggregate principal amount of approximately US$715 million. In addition, participating creditors would receive an aggregate of 17% of CODUSA’s share equity, on a fully diluted basis. Also, CODUSA would make available US$43.5 million to acquire a portion of its outstanding debt at purchase prices of no more than US$650 per US$1,000 of principal.
 
    Under the terms of this agreement in principle, the creditors would support CODUSA Group’s overall financial restructuring through an exchange offer; in the event the exchange offer is not consummated but CODUSA Group obtains the necessary approvals from its creditors to support a consensual plan of reorganization, such plan could be filed under the United States of America’s bankruptcy rules.
 
    On May 20, 2004 CODUSA announced that it has filed for “concurso mercantil” before a Mexican court, which main objective is to achieve a financial restructuring through the reorganization process based on the Mexican Business Reorganization Law. This process will take place at the CODUSA’s legal entity level, as a result, the operations of its subsidiaries will continue running as usual. The reorganization process allows that with the support of 51% of the creditors, the restructuring plan described above, be binding on all of CODUSA’s creditors. CODUSA anticipates that it will have the support of a sufficient percentage of votes to accomplish this goal in an expeditious manner.

2.   Basis of presentation

a.   Explanation for translation into English – The accompanying financial statements have been translated from Spanish into English for use outside of Mexico. These financial statements are presented on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico (“Mexican GAAP”). Certain accounting practices applied by the Company that conform with Mexican GAAP may not conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the country of use.
 
b.   Merger – The merger with FOJASA and HEDA was accounted for in a manner similar to a pooling-of-interests, and accordingly it has been reflected retroactively in the financial statements for all periods. The assets and liabilities of PAPELES Guadalajara as of the date of the merger, and the statement of operations for the six-month period ended on December 31, 2003, are as follows:

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    June 30,
    2003
Current assets
  Ps. 113,501  
Industrial machinery and equipment
    184,609  
Current liabilities
    (199,726 )
Long-term liabilities
    (51,095 )
 
   
 
 
Net assets
  Ps. 47,289  
 
   
 
 
         
    July 1 to
    December 31,
    2003
Net sales
  Ps. 79,598  
Cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses
    (90,867 )
Net comprehensive financing cost
    (1,526 )
Other income
    147  
 
   
 
 
Net loss
  Ps. (12,648 )
 
   
 
 

c.   Going-concern – The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern. As indicated in the accompanying financial statements, during the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company has incurred significant net losses and during 2003 had an operating loss. As of December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 the Company has negative working capital and as CODUSA, is experiencing severe liquidity problems. The Company is guarantor of a portion of CODUSA’s debt. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
 
    The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the valuation and presentation of assets or the presentation and amount of liabilities that might result if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to generate profits and the restructuring of CODUSA Group debt. As mentioned in Note 1, CODUSA is committing significant resources to the debt restructuring efforts and has reached an agreement in principle with a significant portion of its creditors, who will support a comprehensive financial restructuring; however, there can be no assurance that CODUSA will be successful in its efforts.
 
d.   Comprehensive income (loss) – Comprehensive income (loss) presented in the accompanying statements of changes in stockholders’ equity represents all changes in stockholders’ equity during each year except those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners, and is comprised of the net income (loss) of the year, plus other comprehensive income (loss) items of the same period which, in accordance with Mexican GAAP, are presented directly in stockholders’ equity without affecting the statements of operations. In 2003, 2002 and 2001, the other comprehensive loss items consist of the excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity and for the gain on holding and sale of investment in associated company.
 
e.   Reclassifications – Certain amounts in the financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 have been reclassified in order to conform to the presentation of the financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003.

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3.   Summary of significant accounting policies
 
    The accounting policies followed by the Company are in conformity with Mexican GAAP, which require that management make certain estimates and use certain assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events, actual results may differ. The significant accounting policies of the Company are as follows:

a.   New accounting policies – Beginning January 1, 2003, the Company adopted the provisions of new Bulletin C-8, “Intangible Assets”, which establishes that project development costs should be capitalized if they fulfill the criteria established for recognition as assets; preoperating costs that are not considered development costs should be recorded as a period expense; and intangible assets considered to have indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but instead are subject to impairment tests. The unamortized balance of capitalized preoperating costs up to December 31, 2002, will continue to be amortized according to the provisions of the former Bulletin C-8.
 
    Beginning January 1, 2003, the Company also adopted the provisions of new Bulletin C-9, “Liabilities, Provisions, Contingent Assets and Liabilities and Commitments”, which establishes additional guidelines clarifying the accounting for provisions, accruals and contingent liabilities, and establishes new standards for the use of present value techniques to measure liabilities and accounting for the early settlement or substitution of obligations.
 
    The adoption of these new bulletins did not have significant effects on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
 
b.   Recognition of the effects of inflation – The Company restates its financial statements to Mexican peso purchasing power of the most recent balance sheet date presented. Accordingly, the financial statements of the prior years have been restated to Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003 and, therefore, differ from those originally reported in the prior years.
 
c.   Inventories and cost of sales – Inventories are stated at the lower of net realizable value or average cost, which is similar to the most recent purchase price or production cost. Cost of sales is stated at estimated replacement cost at the time of sale.
 
d.   Investment in associated company – Until its sale in 2003, the investment in associated company was valued using the equity method.
 
e.   Property, plant and equipment – Property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at acquisition cost and restated using the National Consumer Price Index (“NCPI”). For fixed assets of foreign origin, restated acquisition cost expressed in the currency of the country of origin is converted into Mexican pesos at the market exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Depreciation is calculated based on units produced in the period in relation to the total estimated production of the assets over their service lives.
         
    Years
Buildings
    25-50  
Industrial machinery and equipment
    23-40  
Vehicles
    1-5  
Computers
    1-3  
Office furniture and equipment
    5-10  

    Recurring maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to operating expense as incurred. Major overhauls to fixed assets are capitalized and amortized over the period in which benefits are expected to be received.

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    Comprehensive financing cost incurred during the period of construction and installation of property, plant and equipment is capitalized and restated using the NCPI.
 
f.   Impairment of long-lived assets in use – The Company evaluates potential impairment losses to long-lived assets by assessing whether the unamortized carrying amount can be recovered over the remaining life of the assets through undiscounted future expected cash flows generated by the assets and without interest charges. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets for which management has committed to a plan of disposal are recorded at the lower of the unamortized carrying amount or fair value less disposal cost.
 
g.   Other assets – Costs incurred in the development phase that meet certain requirements and that the Company has determined will have future economic benefits are capitalized and amortized based on the straight-line method over their estimated useful life. Those disbursements that do not meet such requirements are recorded in results of the period in which they are incurred. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized; however, their value is subject to impairment tests. Preoperating costs incurred after January 1, 2003, are recorded directly in results of the period in which they are incurred. Preoperating expenses incurred and capitalized up to December 31, 2002 are amortized using the straight-line method over four years.
 
h.   Financial instruments – Financial assets and liabilities resulting from any type of financial instrument, except for investments in financial instruments held to maturity, are presented in the balance sheet at fair value. The effects of the valuation of a financial asset or liability are recognized in results of operations of the respective period. Investments in financial instruments held to maturity are valued at acquisition cost. The costs and yields of financial instruments are recognized in results of the period in which they occur. Dividends from equity financial instruments are recognized in results of operations of the same period in which the fair value of the financial instrument is adjusted by such dividends.
 
i.   Employee retirement obligations – Seniority premiums and pension plans are recognized as costs over employee years of service and are calculated by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method at net discount rates. Severance is charged to results when the liability is determined to be payable.
 
j.   Provisions – Provisions are recognized for obligations that result from a past event, that are likely to result in the use of economic resources and that can be reasonably estimated. Such provisions are recorded at net present values when the effect of the discount is significant.
 
k.   Income tax, tax on assets and employee statutory profit sharing – Income tax (“ISR”) and employee statutory profit sharing (“PTU”) are recorded in results of the year in which they are incurred. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences resulting from comparing the book and tax values of assets and liabilities plus any future benefits from tax loss carryforwards. Deferred ISR assets are reduced by any benefits about which there is uncertainty as to their realizability. Deferred PTU is derived from temporary differences between the accounting result and income for PTU purposes and is recognized only when it can be reasonably assumed that they will generate a liability or benefit, and there is no indication that circumstances will change in such a way that the liabilities will not be paid or benefits will not be realized.
 
    The tax on assets paid that is expected to be recoverable is recorded as an advance payment of ISR and is presented in the balance sheet decreasing the deferred ISR liability.

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l.   Foreign currency balances and transactions – Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the applicable exchange rate in effect at the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated into Mexican pesos at the applicable exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Exchange fluctuations are recorded as a component of net comprehensive financing cost in the statements of operations, except those amounts capitalized as a component of construction cost.
 
m.   Insufficiency in restated stockholders’ equity – Excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity represents the accumulated monetary position result through the initial restatement of the financial statements and the increase in the restated value of machinery and equipment and inventories above (below) inflation.
 
n.   Revenue recognition – Revenues are recognized in the period in which the risks and rewards of ownership of the inventories are transferred to the customers, which generally coincides with the delivery of products to customers in satisfaction of orders.
 
o.   Monetary position gain – Monetary position gain, which represents the erosion of purchasing power of monetary items caused by inflation, is calculated by applying NCPI factors to monthly net monetary position. Gains result from maintaining a net monetary liability position.

4.   Accounts receivable
                 
    2003   2002
Trade accounts receivable
  Ps. 61,587     Ps. 45,386  
Recoverable taxes
    10       6,895  
Other
    6,611       3,180  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    68,208       55,461  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (6,923 )     (2,316 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 61,285     Ps. 53,145  
 
   
 
     
 
 

5.   Inventories
                 
    2003   2002
Finished goods
  Ps. 8,276     Ps. 5,961  
Production-in-process
    48       223  
Raw materials
    13,249       16,887  
Spare parts and materials for immediate consumption
    14,192       16,970  
Other
    1,491          
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    37,256       40,041  
Allowance for obsolete inventories
    (1,680 )     (30 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    35,576       40,011  
Advances to suppliers
    5,819       5,061  
Merchandise-in-transit
    11,266       5,441  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 52,661     Ps. 50,513  
 
   
 
     
 
 

6.   Investment in associated company
 
    As described in Note 1, in 2003 the Company sold its participation in EYEMSA, an associated company, which at the date of the sale was 16.19% and as of December 31, 2002 was 41.97%. The condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2002 and the condensed statement of operations for the period from January 1 to June 30, 2003, and the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, of the associated company are as follows:

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    2002
Balance sheet:
       
Total assets
  Ps. 2,075,666  
Total liabilities
    (1,741,414 )
 
   
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 334,252  
 
   
 
 
Company’s participation
  Ps. 140,286  
 
   
 
 
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Statements of operations:
                       
Income
  Ps. 745,785     Ps. 1,649,099     Ps. 1,654,167  
Gross profit
    103,493       413,050       222,281  
Net (loss) income
    (10,846 )     (142,526 )     91,407  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Company’s participation
  Ps. (1,756 )   Ps. (48,092 )   Ps. 38,213  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

7.   Property, plant and equipment
                 
    2003   2002
Buildings
  Ps. 656,676     Ps. 656,584  
Industrial machinery and equipment
    2,780,490       2,133,526  
Vehicles, computers, office furniture and equipment
    185,139       180,932  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    3,622,305       2,971,042  
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
    (2,317,303 )     (1,899,339 )
Accumulated impairment loss
    (113,629 )     (51,462 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    1,191,373       1,020,241  
Land
    253,227       249,936  
Construction-in-progress
    1,723       4,311  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 1,446,323     Ps. 1,274,488  
 
   
 
     
 
 

    Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 was Ps. 41,659, Ps. 41,869 and Ps. 22,444, respectively.
 
    During 2003 and 2002, the Company reviewed the recoverable value of its long-lived assets, which was determined by the future cash flow generated over the useful lives of the corresponding assets, which extends to 22 years after 2003. As a result, the Company recorded Ps. 64,131 and Ps. 51,462 during 2003 and 2002, respectively, as an impairment loss for its long-lived assets. The deferred income tax effect for this reserve resulted in a benefit of Ps. 20,522 and Ps. 16,468 during 2003 and 2002, respectively.
 
    As of December 31, 2003 and 2002 the Company has assets temporarily out of use for a net amount of Ps. 17,136 and Ps. 55,008, respectively.
 
    In 2001, the Company sold its secondary fiber treatment plant to Arrendadora Bank of America, S. A. in Ps. 37,043. The proceeds and the cost of the sale were recorded in the statement of operations of 2001, resulting in a loss of Ps. 1,265, such loss was recorded in other expenses. Subsequently, CODUSA acquired the plant through a financing lease and subleased it to the Company.

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8.   Long-term debt
 
    Long-term debt relates to a loan denominated in U.S. dollars from Nacional Financiera, S. A., which bears interest based on LIBOR plus a margin in a range from 0.825% to 1.25%, to be amortized in 52 quarterly installments from January 1995 to 2006. The outstanding balance on this loan as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 is US$224 (Ps. 2,527) and US$334 (Ps. 3,623), respectively. This loan is secured with the machinery and equipment acquired with its proceeds and is guaranteed by CODUSA.
 
    As of December 31, 2003, long-term debt matures as follows:
         
2005
  Ps. 650  
2006
    649  
 
   
 
 
 
  Ps. 1,299  
 
   
 
 

9.   Financial instruments and derivative financial instruments

a.   Financial instruments – The estimated fair value amounts of the Company’s financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies that require considerable judgment in developing and interpreting the estimates of fair value. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
 
    The carrying amounts of the Company’s accounts receivable, accounts payable and current notes payable approximate fair value because they have relatively short-term maturities and bear interest at rates tied to market indicators, as appropriate. The Company’s long-term debt consists of debt instruments that bear interest at variable rates tied to market indicators.
 
b.   Concentration of credit risk – The financial instruments that potentially are subject to a concentration of credit risk is principally trade accounts receivable. The concentration of the credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of customers comprising the Company’s customer base and their dispersion across different locations in Mexico. There were no customers exceeding 10% of net sales for any of the periods presented.

10.   Employee retirement obligations

    The Company maintains a pension plan for certain employees. In addition, in accordance with the Mexican Labor Law, the Company provides seniority premium benefits to employees under certain circumstances. These benefits consist of a lump sum payment of 12 days’ wages for each year worked, calculated using the most recent salary, not to exceed twice the legal minimum wage established by law. The related liability and annual cost of such benefits are calculated by an independent actuary on the basis of formulas defined in the plans using the projected unit credit method. The present values of these obligations and the rates used for the calculations are:

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    2003   2002
Accumulated benefit obligation
  Ps. 43,711     Ps. 45,897  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Projected benefit obligation
  Ps. 938     Ps. 796  
Unrecognized items:
               
Variances for assumptions and adjustments based on experience
    (123 )     168  
Transition asset
    (42 )     (151 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net projected liability
    773       813  
Additional liability related to seniority premiums
    42,938       45,084  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 43,711     Ps. 45,897  
 
   
 
     
 
 

    The rates used in the actuarial calculations, net of effects of inflation, were:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
    %   %   %
Discount of the projected benefit obligation to present value
    5       5       5  
Salary increase
    2       5       5  

    The amortization periods for the unamortized items are as follows:
         
    Remaining
    Years
Transition asset
    18  
Variances in assumptions
    18  

    Net period cost is comprised as follows:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Service costs
  Ps. 239     Ps. 292     Ps. 180  
Amortization of transition asset, variances for assumptions and adjustments based on experience
    2       4       1  
Interest cost
    24       4       3  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net period cost
  Ps. 265     Ps. 300     Ps. 184  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

    In connection with the reorganization process of the Company’s operations, there was a termination of administrative and operating personnel during 2003 that represented payments of Ps.1,114, which are included in other expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.

11.   Stockholders’ equity

a.   Common stock shares at par value as of December 31 are comprised as follows:

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2003
    Number of   Par   Restatement    
    Shares   Value   Effect   Total
Fixed capital
   Series A
    100,000     Ps. 100     Ps. 115,786     Ps. 115,886  
Variable capital
   Series B
    2,117,642       2,118       1,980,761       1,982,879  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total shares
    2,217,642     Ps. 2,218     Ps. 2,096,547     Ps. 2,098,765  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
                                 
2002
    Number of   Par   Restatement    
    Shares   Value   Effect   Total
Fixed capital
  Series A
    100,000     Ps. 100     Ps. 115,786     Ps. 115,886  
Variable capital
   Series B
    1,710,711       1,711       1,980,761       1,982,472  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total shares
    1,810,711     Ps. 1,811     Ps. 2,096,547     Ps. 2,098,358  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

    Common stock consists of nominative shares with a par value of one peso each. Variable capital is unlimited.
 
b.   On August 2001, a reimbursement of paid-in capital resulted in a reduction of shareholders’ equity in the amount of Ps..1,264.
 
c.   At the General Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held on July 1, 2003, the issuance of 406,931 shares in the amount of Ps..407 was approved, increasing the variable portion of the common stock. All the aforementioned shares were distributed among the shareholders of the merged companies, ratably based on the shareholders’ equity of the merged companies as of June 30, 2003.
 
d.   Retained earnings include the statutory legal reserve. Mexican General Corporate Law requires that at least 5% of net income of the year be transferred to the legal reserve until the reserve equals 20% of capital stock at par value (historical pesos). The legal reserve may be capitalized but may not be distributed unless the entity is dissolved. The legal reserve must be replenished if it is reduced for any reason. At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the legal reserve, in historical pesos, was Ps.30,579.
 
e.   Stockholders’ equity, except restated paid-in capital and tax retained earnings, will be subject to a tax at the rate in effect when a dividend is distributed. In 2003, the rate was 34% and will be reduced by one percentage point each year until reaching 32% in 2005. Any tax paid on such distribution, may be credited against the income tax payable of the year in which the tax on the dividend is paid and the two fiscal years following such payment.
 
f.   The balances of the stockholders’ equity tax accounts as of December 31, are:
                 
    2003   2002
Contributed capital account
  Ps. 789,864     Ps. 517,595  
Net tax income account
    862,386       729,837  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total
  Ps. 1,652,250     Ps. 1,247,432  
 
   
 
     
 
 

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    As illustrated in the preceding table, the total amount of the balances of the stockholders’ equity tax accounts exceeds stockholders’ equity, according to the accompanying balance sheet.

12.   Foreign currency balances and transactions

a.   At December 31, the foreign currency monetary position is as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Thousands of U.S. dollars:
               
Monetary assets
    27,762       2,915  
Monetary liabilities
    (32,683 )     (33,781 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Monetary liability position, net
    (4,921 )     (30,866 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Equivalent in Mexican pesos
  Ps. (55,298 )   Ps. (322,219 )
 
   
 
     
 
 

b.   Nonmonetary assets of foreign origin at December 31, 2003 are as follows:
                         
            Foreign   Equivalent
            Currency   in Mexican
    Currency   Balance   Pesos
Inventories
  U.S. dollar     311     Ps. 3,497  
Industrial machinery and equipment-
                   
United States of America
  U.S. dollar     34,003       382,097  
Canada
  Canadian dollar     29,124       253,484  
Germany
  Euro     1,257       17,805  

c.   Transactions denominated in foreign currency were as follows:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
            (In thousands of        
            U.S. dollars)        
Export sales
    1,150       2,867       206  
Interest income
    330       279       209  
Interest expense
    3,244       4,163       36  
Import purchases
    1,389       12,531       370  
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
    572               691  
Acquisition of spare parts and services
    2,618                  
Other
    109       134       253  

d.   The exchange rates in effect at the dates of the balance sheets and of issuance of the financial statements were as follows:
                         
    December 31   April 30,
    2003   2002   2004
U.S. dollar
  Ps. 11.2372     Ps. 10.4393     Ps. 11.4068  

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13.   Transaction and balances with related parties

a.   Transactions with related parties, carried out in the ordinary course of business, were as follows:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Revenues:
                       
Sales
  Ps. 524,264     Ps. 507,621     Ps. 278,216  
Leases
    1,265       13,380       13,903  
Interest income
    9,163       3,938       2,159  
Sale of industrial machinery and other equipment
    2,066                  
Sale of investment in associated company
    228,115                  
Other
    1,566       28,704       8,574  
Expenses:
                       
Purchases
  Ps. 41,855     Ps. 160,366     Ps. 34,318  
Interest expense
    71,741       73,564       48,871  
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
    11                  
Administrative services
    9,792       9,083       17,702  
Leases of machinery and equipment
    7,476       4,447          
Other expenses
    6,608       2,506       7,406  

b.   Balances receivable and payable with related parties are as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Due from related parties-
               
Administración Corporativa de Durango, S. A. de C. V.
  Ps. 52,893     Ps. 1,560  
Envases y Empaques de México, S. A. de C. V.
    44,011       33,036  
Empaques de Cartón Titán, S. A. de C. V.
    3,593       24,164  
Administradora Corporativa y Mercantil, S. A. de C. V.
    10,557          
CODUSA, mainly for sale of shares
    267,244          
Fábrica de Papel Tuxtepec, S. A. de C. V.
    9,518       1,704  
Fábrica Mexicana de Papel, S. A. de C. V.
    10,320       11,867  
Grupo Pipsamex, S. A. de C. V.
    3,877       4,172  
Papeles Formatodo, S. A. de C. V.
    294          
Ponderosa Industrial de México, S. A. de C. V.
    984       713  
Productora Nacional de Papel, S. A. de C. V.
            3,151  
Tubos y Especialidades de México, S. A. de C. V.
    1,571       17,825  
Cartonpack, S. A. de C. V.
            2,914  
Cajas y Corrugados de Chihuahua, S. A. de C. V.
            495  
Other
    199       45  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    405,061       101,646  
Effect of sale of shares to CODUSA
    (228,115 )        
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 176,946     Ps. 101,646  
 
   
 
     
 
 

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    2003   2002
Due to related parties-
               
Porteadores de Durango, S. A. de C. V.
  Ps. 3     Ps. 435  
Durango McKinley Paper Company
    1,484       6,635  
Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V.
    445,594       104,222  
Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.
            144,075  
Other
    50       197  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 447,131     Ps. 255,564  
 
   
 
     
 
 

    The Company has current account agreements with CODUSA, Administración Corporativa de Durango, S. A. de C. V. and Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V. (“Centauro”). According to these agreements, the debt or credit balances bear interest at 8% and 15% on Mexican peso balances and at 3% and 13.8% on the U.S. dollar denominated balances.
 
    On July 1, 2003, the Company and TITAN entered into a lease agreement for the building where PAPELES Guadalajara is located. The contract is for undefined time period and establishes that the rent payment will be calculated by adding 1% to the expenses incurred by TITAN related to the building.

14. Other expenses

                         
    2003   2002   2001
Impairment of long-lived assets
  Ps. (64,131 )   Ps. (51,462 )   Ps.    
Recovery of federal rights
    26,654                  
Other expenses
    (1,748 )     (7,119 )     (6,105 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. (39,225 )   Ps. (58,581 )   Ps. (6,105 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

    In May 2000, the Company initiated an injunction against a change in the Federal Law of Water Extraction Rights published in December 1999, related to the extraction an use of national water. During April 2003, the Company received a favorable ruling and recovered the federal rights paid related to these proceedings.
 
15.   Income taxes, tax on assets and employee statutory profit sharing
 
    In accordance with Mexican tax law, the Company is subject to income tax (“ISR”) and tax on assets (“IMPAC”). ISR takes into consideration the taxable and deductible effects of inflation.
 
    The ISR rate was 35% in 2002 and 2001 and 34% in 2003, and will be reduced by one percentage point each year until reaching 32% in 2005. In 2002, the deduction for employee statutory profit sharing (“PTU”) and the obligation to withhold taxes on dividends paid to individuals or foreign residents were eliminated.
 
    IMPAC is calculated by applying a rate of 1.8% on the net average of the majority of restated assets less certain liabilities and is payable only to the extent that it exceeds ISR payable for the same period. If in any year IMPAC exceeds the ISR payable, the IMPAC payment for such excess may be reduced by the amount by which ISR exceeded IMPAC in the three preceding years and any required payment of IMPAC is creditable against the excess of ISR over IMPAC of the following ten years.

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    The Company incurs ISR and IMPAC with CODUSA in the proportion that CODUSA owns the voting stock of its subsidiaries at the balance sheet date. Beginning on January 1, 2002, the proportion is calculated based on the average daily equity percentage that CODUSA owns of its subsidiaries during the year. The tax results of the subsidiaries are at 60% of such proportion and the tax results of the holding company are also at 60%. Estimated payments of ISR and IMPAC of both CODUSA and its subsidiaries are made as if CODUSA did not file a consolidated tax return.

a.   The reconciliation of the statutory and effective ISR rates expressed as a percentage of loss before ISR, equity in income (loss) of associated company and extraordinary item for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 is:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Statutory rate
    34.0 %     35.0 %     35.0 %
Add (deduct) the effect of permanent differences other than inflation
    (36.6 %)     36.7 %     386.5 %
Add (deduct) the effects of inflation
    (4.0 %)     (14.7 %)     (18.2 %)
Effect of change in statutory rate on deferred ISR
    4.2 %     35.8 %        
Change in valuation allowance for recoverable IMPAC and benefit of tax loss carryforwards
    (10.8 %)                
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Effective rate
    (13.2 %)     92.8 %     439.7 %
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

b.   At December 31, 2003 and 2002 the main items comprising the liability balance of deferred ISR are:
                 
    2003   2002
Deferred ISR (asset) liability:
               
Property, plant and equipment
  Ps. 408,194     Ps. 346,355  
Inventories
    12,978       7,488  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (2,215 )     (741 )
Accrued expenses
    (38,421 )     (37,327 )
Deferred assets
    5,682       8,109  
Other – net
    1,336       1,425  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Deferred ISR from temporary differences
    387,554       325,309  
Effect of tax loss carryforwards
    (11,721 )     (18,348 )
Recoverable tax on assets
    (2,343 )     (3,930 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    373,490       303,031  
Valuation allowance for the recoverable tax on assets
    1,919          
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net long-term deferred ISR liability
  Ps. 375,409     Ps. 303,031  
 
   
 
     
 
 

c.   Due to deterioration in the circumstances used to assess the recovery of tax on assets paid in 2003 the valuation allowance for recoverable tax on assets was increased by Ps.1,919.
 
d.   At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company has taxable temporary and permanent differences related to deferred PTU, mainly inventories and property, plant and equipment, for which the deferred PTU liabilities were neither estimated nor recorded because the Company believes that they will not reverse due to the recurring nature of the related transactions.

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e.   Tax loss carryforwards and recoverable IMPAC for which the deferred ISR asset and prepaid ISR, respectively, have been partially recognized may be recovered subject to certain conditions. Restated amounts as of December 31, 2003 and expiration dates are:
                 
Year of   Tax Loss   Recoverable
Expiration   Carryforwards   IMPAC
2009
  Ps. 1,057     Ps. 40  
2010
            34  
2011
            175  
2012
    29,780       175  
2013
    5,793       1,919  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 36,630     Ps. 2,343  
 
   
 
     
 
 

f.   For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, the change in excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity, as shown in the accompanying statements of changes in stockholders’ equity, is presented net of the effect of the related deferred income tax of Ps.12,415, Ps.13,664 and Ps.1,201, respectively.

16.   Commitments

a.   On June 24, 2002, CODUSA issued US$175 million in 13 3/4 Senior Notes due 2009. These notes are jointly and severally guaranteed on an unsecured basis by the Company. Additionally, upon the issuance of the notes, the Company also equally and ratably guaranteed the 2006 and 2008 Notes. The total amount guaranteed by the Company is US$487.1 million. Further, the Company is guarantor of other financing agreements for CODUSA in the amount of US$112.4 million. Since the last months of 2002, CODUSA is in default of interest and principal payments related to these financing agreements, and as described in Note 1, is currently in a restructuring process with it creditors.
 
b.   The Company entered into a 74-month non-cancelable machinery and equipment operating lease agreement with CODUSA starting on June 1, 2001. The related lease expense for 2003, 2002 and 2001 amounted to Ps.6,079, Ps.3,914 and Ps.1,034, respectively. Minimum lease payments under this contract as a December 31, 2003 were as follows:
         
Year
  Amount
(Thousands of U.S.
dollars)
2004
    595  
2005
    595  
2006
    595  
2007
    397  
   
 
 
    2,182  
   
 
 

17.   Contingencies

a.   The Company has initiated an injunction against the Mexican tax authorities regarding the unconstitutionality of the Substitutive Tax of the Wage Credit. Management believes that the outcome of this process will be favorable to the Company, which represents a contingent asset of Ps.1,190.

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b.   As of December 31, 2003 labor suits existed derived from the liquidation of personnel in September 2001. These suits are in process, and the contingent liability is estimated to be approximately Ps.7,000. Management believes the outcome of these labor suits will be favorable to the Company therefore, no liability has been recorded.
 
c.   Additional taxes payable could arise in transactions with nonresident related parties if the tax authority, during a review, believes that the prices and amounts used by the Company are not similar to those used with or between independent parties in comparable transactions.

18.   New accounting principles
 
    In March 2003, the Mexican Institute of Public Accountants (“MIPA”) issued Bulletin C-15, “Impairment of the Value of Long-Lived Assets and Their Disposal” (“C-15”), whose adoption is mandatory for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2004, although early adoption is encouraged. C-15 establishes, among other things, new rules for the calculation and recognition of impairment losses for long-lived assets and their reversal. It also provides guidance as to indicators of potential impairment in the carrying amount of tangible and intangible long-lived assets in use, including goodwill. Companies must test for impairment unless there is conclusive evidence that the indicators of impairment are temporary. The calculation of such loss requires the determination of the recoverable value, which is now defined as the greater of the net selling price of a cash-generating unit and its value in use, which is the net present value of discounted future net cash flows. The accounting principles issued prior to this new bulletin used future net cash flows, without requiring the discounting of such cash flows. However, since the present value of estimated future net cash flows from the use of this machinery is greater than its book value as of December 31, 2003, the Company estimates that the adoption of C-15 as of January 1, 2004, will not have any effects on its financial situation and results of operations.
 
    In May 2003, the MIPA issued Bulletin C-12, “Financial Instruments of a Debt or Equity Nature or a Combination of Both” (“C-12”), whose application is mandatory for financial statements for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2004, although early adoption is encouraged. C-12 is the compilation of the standards issued by the MIPA with respect to the issue of debt or equity financial instruments, or a combination of both, and includes additional standards on the accounting recognition for these instruments. Consequently, C-12 indicates the basic differences between liabilities and stockholders’ equity and establishes the rules for classifying and valuing the components of debt and equity of combined financial instruments in the initial recognition. Subsequent recognition and valuation of liabilities and stockholders’ equity of the financial instruments is subject to the standards issued previously in the applicable bulletins. Since the Company has not issued any financial instruments with characteristics of both debt and equity, management believes this new accounting principle will not have any effects on its financial situation and results of operations.
 
19.   Differences Between Mexican GAAP and US GAAP
 
    The financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with Mexican GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from US GAAP. A reconciliation of the reported net loss, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss) to US GAAP is presented in Note 20. It should be noted that this reconciliation to US GAAP does not include the reversal of the restatement of the financial statements for the effects of inflation as required by Bulletin B-10, “Recognition of the Effects of Inflation in the Financial Information”, of Mexican GAAP. The application of this bulletin represents a comprehensive measure of the effects of price-level changes in the Mexican economy and, as such, is considered a more meaningful presentation than historical cost-based financial reporting in Mexican pesos for both Mexican and US accounting purposes.

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    The differences between Mexican GAAP and US GAAP included in the reconciliation that affect the financial statements of the Company are described below.

a.   Classification differences – Certain items require a different classification in the balance sheet or statement of operation under US GAAP. These include:

  As explained in Note 5, under Mexican GAAP, advances to suppliers are recorded as inventories. Under US GAAP, advances to suppliers are classified as prepaid expenses.
 
  The impairment of long-lived assets, the gain or loss on the disposition of fixed assets, all severance indemnities, plant fixed cost, and employee profit sharing must be included in operating expenses under US GAAP.

b.   Deferred start-up and research and development costs – In 2002, under Mexican GAAP the Company deferred certain costs basically in relation to the development of a new paper manufacturing process. Under US GAAP, SFAS No. 2, “Accounting for Research and Development Costs” and SOP 98-5, “Reporting on the Costs of Start-up Activities”, require that the Company expense the start-up and research and development costs as incurred. As such, at December 31, 2003 and 2002, the start-up and research and development costs have been included in the calculation of net income (loss) under US GAAP.
 
c.   Restatement of imported fixed assets – As explained in Note 3.e, under Mexican GAAP, fixed assets of foreign origin have been restated by applying the inflation rate of the country of origin and then translated at the year-end exchange rate of the Mexican peso.
 
    Under US GAAP, the Company applies the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which require that all machinery and equipment, both domestic and imported, be restated using Mexican inflation factors.
 
d.   Deferred income taxes and employee profit sharing – The Company follows SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” for US GAAP purposes, which differs from Mexican GAAP as follows:

  Under Mexican GAAP, deferred taxes are classified as non-current, while under US GAAP deferred taxes are based on the classification of the related asset or liability.
 
  Under Mexican GAAP, the effects of inflation on the deferred tax balance generated by monetary items are recognized in the result on monetary position. Under US GAAP, the deferred tax balance is classified as a non-monetary item. As a result, the statement of operations differs with respect to the presentation of the gain (loss) on monetary position and deferred income tax provision.
 
  Under Mexican GAAP, deferred employee profit sharing is calculated considering only those temporary differences that arise during the year and which are expected to turn around within a defined period, while under US GAAP, the same liability method as used for deferred income taxes is applied.
 
  The US GAAP adjustments to the accounting basis of assets and liabilities generate a difference calculating the deferred income tax under US GAAP compared to the one presented under Mexican GAAP (see Note 15).
 
  Under US GAAP, in view of the going-concern uncertainty, a full valuation allowance has been provided for all deferred tax assets not assured of realization.

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     The tax effects of temporary differences that generated deferred tax liabilities (assets) under US GAAP are as follows:

                 
    2003   2002
Deferred ISR (asset) liability:
               
Property, plant and equipment
  Ps. 640,869     Ps. 609,358  
Inventories
    9,659       10,038  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (2,215 )        
Accrued expenses
    (33,955 )     (39,381 )
Other assets
    5,513       9,242  
Other
    (2,766 )        
 
   
 
     
 
 
Deferred ISR from temporary differences
    617,105       589,257  
Tax loss carryforwards
    (11,722 )     (18,348 )
Recoverable tax on assets
    (424 )     (3,930 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    604,959       566,979  
Valuation allowance
    12,146       22,278  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net deferred ISR liability
  Ps. 617,105     Ps. 589,257  
 
   
 
     
 
 

    The changes in the balance of the deferred income taxes for the year under US GAAP are as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Balance at beginning of the year
  Ps. 589,257     Ps. 644,682  
Provision for the year
    29,782       (55,425 )
Decrease due to merger
    (1,934 )        
 
   
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of the year
  Ps. 617,105     Ps. 589,257  
 
   
 
     
 
 

    The tax effects of temporary differences that generated deferred profit sharing liabilities (assets) under US GAAP are as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Deferred employee profit sharing (asset) liability:
               
Property, plant and equipment
  Ps. 207,237     Ps. 197,241  
Inventories
    3,018       3,043  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (692 )        
Accrued expenses
    (10,611 )     (15,486 )
Other assets
    1,723       2,800  
Other
    (225 )     4,137  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net deferred employee profit sharing liability
  Ps. 200,450     Ps. 191,735  
 
   
 
     
 
 

    The changes in the balance of the deferred employee profit sharing liability for the year under US GAAP are as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Balance at beginning of the year
  Ps. 191,735     Ps. 190,622  
Provision for the year
    8,715       1,113  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of the year
  Ps. 200,450     Ps. 191,735  
 
   
 
     
 
 

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    The deferred income tax and profit sharing classification in the condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 is as follows:
                         
            2003    
            Employee    
    Income Tax   Profit Sharing   Total
Deferred assets:
                       
Current
  Ps. (38,936 )   Ps. (11,528 )   Ps. (50,464 )
Long term
    (7,193 )     (2,248 )     (9,441 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    (46,129 )     (13,776 )     (59,905 )
Deferred liability:
                       
Current
    16,852       5,266       22,118  
Long term
    646,382       208,960       855,342  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    663,234       214,226       877,460  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Deferred liability, net
  Ps. 617,105     Ps. 200,450     Ps. 817,555  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
                         
            2002    
            Employee    
    Income Tax   Profit Sharing   Total
Deferred asset:
                       
Current
  Ps. (39,381 )   Ps. (15,486 )   Ps. (54,867 )
Long term
    (7,193 )     (2,249 )     (9,442 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    (46,574 )     (17,735 )     (64,309 )
Deferred liability:
                       
Current
    17,231       9,428       26,659  
Long term
    618,600       200,042       818,642  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    635,831       209,470       845,301  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Deferred liability, net
  Ps. 589,257     Ps. 191,735     Ps. 780,992  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

e.   Employee retirement obligations – Under Mexican GAAP, the liabilities for employee benefits are determined using actuarial computations in accordance with Bulletin D-3, “Labor Obligations”, which is substantially the same as US GAAP SFAS No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions”.
 
    Under Mexican GAAP and US GAAP, there is no difference in the liabilities for seniority premiums and pension plans.
 
    The following sets forth the changes in benefit obligations, and the funded status of such plans for 2003 and 2002 reconciled with the amounts reported in the condensed balance sheets under US GAAP.
                 
    2003   2002
Accumulated benefit obligation
  Ps. 43,711     Ps. 45,897  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
  Ps. 796     Ps. 510  
Service costs
    239       292  
Interest cost
    24       4  
Actuarial loss
    56       (10 )
Benefits paid
    (177 )        
 
   
 
     
 
 
Projected benefit obligation at end of year
  Ps. 938     Ps. 796  
 
   
 
     
 
 

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    2003   2002
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets consist of:
               
Unfunded liability
  Ps. 938     Ps. 796  
Less- Unrecognized transition obligation and other
    (165 )     17  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net projected liability
    773       813  
Intangible asset
    42,938       45,084  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Liability recognized under US and Mexican GAAP
  Ps. 43,711     Ps. 45,897  
 
   
 
     
 
 

f.   Equity in earnings of associated company – The Company’s net investment in EYEMSA under US GAAP differed from that recorded under Mexican GAAP due to the restatement of imported fixed assets and the deferred income taxes of its interest in Centauro.
 
    During 2002, EYEMSA sold its investment in Centauro. The US GAAP carrying value of such investment was different to the carrying value recorded under Mexican GAAP due to the difference mentioned in the preceding paragraph. As a result the Company recognized a gain due to the reversal of the US GAAP adjustments.
 
g.   Negative goodwill – Under Mexican GAAP, CODUSA recorded negative goodwill that arose from the acquisition of TITAN realized in prior years, which represents the excess of the book value of the net assets acquired over the purchase price. Such negative goodwill was amortized into income over the period in wich CODUSA integrated these operations into the entity.
 
    Under US GAAP, such excess of the book value was recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the long-term assets (primarily fixed assets) of TITAN.
 
    As described in Note 1.b, PAPELES Guadalajara was incorporated as a result of a spin-off of TITAN and subsequently was merged into the Company; consequently, the carrying value of its long-term assets recorded under Mexican GAAP differs from the US GAAP carrying values.
 
h.   Statement of cash flows – Under Mexican GAAP, the Company presents a statement of changes in financial position in accordance with Bulletin B-12, “Statement of Changes in Financial Position”, which identifies the generation and application of resources by the differences between beginning and ending financial statement balances in constant Mexican pesos. Bulletin B-12 also requires that monetary and foreign exchange gains and losses be treated as cash items for the determination of resources generated by operations.
 
    In accordance with US GAAP, the Company follows SFAS No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows,” which is presented below excluding the effects of inflation.
 
i.   Summarized financial information under US GAAP – The condensed balance sheets as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, and the condensed statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the three years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, reflecting US GAAP adjustments, are presented below.

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    Condensed balance sheets:
                 
    2003   2002
Total current assets
  Ps. 344,989     Ps. 260,915  
Property, plant and equipment – Net
    2,171,073       2,062,140  
Other assets – Net
    58,120       205,461  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total assets
  Ps. 2,574,182     Ps. 2,528,516  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Current liabilities
  Ps. 715,633     Ps. 508,945  
Total long-term liabilities
    906,023       866,980  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total liabilities
    1,621,656       1,375,925  
Stockholders’ equity
    952,526       1,152,591  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 2,574,182     Ps. 2,528,516  
 
   
 
     
 
 

    Condensed statements of operations:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Net sales
  Ps. 628,769     Ps. 617,879     Ps. 317,076  
Cost of sales and operating expenses
    (661,167 )     (582,341 )     (463,159 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income (loss) from operations
    (32,398 )     35,538       (146,083 )
Net comprehensive financing cost
    (55,518 )     (83,442 )     (23,230 )
Other income (expenses) – Net
    (40,981 )     (18,646 )     53,814  
Income tax benefit (expense)
    (29,782 )     55,425       88,560  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net loss
  Ps. (158,679 )   Ps. (11,125 )   Ps. (26,939 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net loss
  Ps. (158,679 )   Ps. (11,125 )   Ps. (26,939 )
Excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity
    55,308       (355,988 )     (57,309 )
Gain on holding and sale of investment in associated company
    76,149                  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
US GAAP comprehensive loss
  Ps. (27,222 )   Ps. (367,113 )   Ps. (84,248 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

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    Changes in stockholders’ equity:
                 
    2003   2002
Balance at beginning of the year
  Ps. 1,152,591     Ps. 1,519,704  
Net loss under US GAAP
    (158,679 )     (11,125 )
Excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity
    55,308       (355,988 )
Gain on holding and sale of investment in associated company
    76,149          
Increase due to merger
    55,272          
Receivable from sale of shares to CODUSA
    (228,115 )        
 
   
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of the year
  Ps. 952,526     Ps. 1,152,591  
 
   
 
     
 
 

    Condensed statements of cash flows:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Operating activities:
                       
Net loss
  Ps. (158,679 )   Ps. (11,125 )   Ps. (26,939 )
Items that did not require (generate) resources
    154,980       11,699       (128,012 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
    23,529       29,403       159,118  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by operating activities
    19,830       29,977       4,167  
Financing activities:
                       
Short-term and long-term debt – Net
    (1,648 )     (1,124 )     (1,251 )
Other financing activities
            371       (1,264 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources used in financing activities
    (1,648 )     (753 )     (2,515 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Investing activities:
                       
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
    (23,725 )     (8,226 )     (13,925 )
Other investing activities
    6,444       13,983       36,262  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) investing activities
    (17,281 )     5,757       22,337  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Effect of inflation and exchange rate changes on cash
            (35,433 )     (23,940 )
 
           
 
     
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash
    1,195       (452 )     49  
Cash increase due to merger
    294                  
Balance at beginning of year
    142       594       545  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 1,337     Ps. 142     Ps. 594  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Supplemental cash flow information:
                       
Interest paid
  Ps. 85     Ps. 179     Ps. 369  
Income tax and tax on asset paid
    400       913       612  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 485     Ps. 1,092     Ps. 981  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

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20   Reconciliation of Mexican GAAP to US GAAP

a.   Reconciliation of net loss for the year
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Net loss under Mexican GAAP
  Ps. (128,540 )   Ps. (53,424 )   Ps. (49,419 )
Deferred income taxes
    (12,441 )     (13,014 )     (10,549 )
Deferred employee statutory profit sharing expense
    (8,715 )     (1,113 )     22,398  
Purchase accounting adjustments:
                       
Depreciation
    1,360                  
Effect of fifth amendment to Bulletin B-10
    (13,584 )     (16,768 )     (11,076 )
Equity in earnings of associated company
            88,027       21,707  
Deferred start-up and research and development costs
    3,241       (14,833 )        
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. (158,679 )   Ps. (11,125 )   Ps. (26,939 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

    Under US GAAP, the monetary position effect of the statement of operations adjustments is included in each adjustment, except for intangible assets and goodwill, which are non-monetary.

b.   Reconciliation of stockholders’ equity
                 
    2003   2002
Total stockholders’ equity under Mexican GAAP
  Ps. 681,513     Ps. 857,733  
Deferred income taxes
    (241,695 )     (286,226 )
Deferred employee statutory profit sharing
    (200,450 )     (191,735 )
Purchase accounting adjustments:
               
Accumulated negative goodwill
    (42,223 )        
Accumulated depreciation
    13,375          
Effect of fifth amendment to Bulletin B-10:
               
Fixed assets
    1,399,164       1,379,075  
Fixed assets accumulated depreciation
    (645,566 )     (591,423 )
Deferred start-up and research and development costs
    (11,592 )     (14,833 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total US GAAP stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 952,526     Ps. 1,152,591  
 
   
 
     
 
 

c.   Reconciliation of comprehensive income (loss)
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Comprehensive income (loss) under Mexican GAAP
  Ps. 4,606     Ps. (397,869 )   Ps. 171,287  
US GAAP adjustments:
                       
Net income (loss)
    (30,139 )     42,299       22,480  
Result of holding non-monetary assets
    (1,689 )     (11,543 )     (278,015 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Comprehensive loss
  Ps. (27,222 )   Ps. (367,113 )   Ps. (84,248 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

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21.   Future impact of recently issued accounting standards under US GAAP not yet in effect

a.   SFAS No. 149, “Amendments of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” – In April 2003 the FASB issued SFAS No. 149, which amends and clarifies financial accounting and reporting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts and for hedging activities under SFAS No. 133. The changes in this Statement improve financial reporting by requiring that contracts with comparable characteristics be accounted for similarly. The new standard will be effective for contracts entered into or modified after September 30, 2003, except as stated below and for hedging relationships designated after September 3, 2003. In addition, except as stated below, all provisions of this Statement should be applied prospectively.
 
    The provisions of this Statement that relate to SFAS No. 133 implementation issues that have been effective for fiscal quarters that began prior to September 15, 2003, should continue to be applied in accordance with their respective effective dates. The Company does not anticipate that this new standard will have a significant impact on its financial position or results of operations.
 
b.   FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46”) – In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46. FIN 46 clarified the application of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements,” to certain entities in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. FIN 46 was effective immediately for all variable interests held by the Company in a variable interest entity created after January 31, 2003. For a variable interest held by the Company in a variable interest entity created before February 1, 2003, the Company will be required to apply the provisions of FIN 46 as of December 31, 2004. The Company does not currently have any variable interests in a variable interest entity.

* * * * * *

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Report of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm to the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V.

We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V. (the “Company”), a 99% owned subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. (“CODUSA”), as of December 31, 2003, and the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and changes in financial position for the year then ended, all expressed in thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in Mexico and with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the 2003 financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V. as of December 31, 2003, and the results of its operations, changes in its stockholders’ equity and changes in its financial position for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico.

Accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The application of the latter would have affected the determination of stockholders’ equity and net loss as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003 to the extent summarized in Note 18.

The accompanying financial statements as of December 31, 2003 and for the year then ended have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As described in Note 2.c to the financial statements, during 2003 and 2002 the Company incurred significant net losses, and since 2001 its operating margin has declined substantially. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company had negative working capital and, like CODUSA, is experiencing severe liquidity problems. Additionally, as mentioned in Note 14.b to the financial statements, the Company is guarantor of several financing agreements granted to CODUSA totaling US$623.7 million. Since November 2002 CODUSA has failed to comply with the payments of interest and principal related to such financing agreements and, as described in Note 1 to the financial statements, is currently in a debt restructuring process with its creditors. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans related to these matters and the description of CODUSA’s plan of restructuring are described in Note 1; however, this plan has not been completed. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to generate profits and the restructuring of CODUSA’s debt. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the valuation and presentation of assets or the presentation and amount of liabilities that might result if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

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The accompanying financial statements have been translated into English for the convenience of readers in the United States of America.

Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S. C.
A member firm of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu

C.P.C. Claudia Leticia Rizo Navarro

April 30, 2004
(June 28, 2004 as to Notes 1.d, 17, 18 and 19)

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Mexico City, April 8, 2003, except with respect to restatement to constant pesos as December 31, 2003 as to which the date is July 13, 2004.

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V.:

We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V. (the “Company”), as of December 31, 2002 and the related statements of income, of changes in shareholders’ equity and of changes in financial position for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2002, which, as described in Note 2, have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States of America) as well as generally accepted auditing standards in Mexico. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V., as of December 31, 2002 and the results of its operations, the changes in its shareholders’ equity and the changes in its financial position for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2002, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico.

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Accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the Unites States of America. The application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America would have affected the determination of the net income for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2002 and the determination of the shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2002, to the extent summarized in Note 18 to the financial statements.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which assumes that assets will be realized and liabilities will be settled in the normal course of business operations. As mentioned in Note 2, the Company has incurred significant net losses, and its operating margin has declined substantially. As of December 31, 2002, the Company had negative working capital and similar to its parent, Corporacion Durango, S.A. de C.V. (“CODUSA”), is experiencing severe liquidity problems. Additionally, as mentioned in Note 14.b to the financial statements, the Company is guarantor of several financing agreements granted to CODUSA. Since November 2002, CODUSA has failed to comply with the payments of interest and principal related to such financing agreements and, as described in Note 1, is currently in a debt restructuring process with its creditors. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying financial statements include no adjustment pertaining to the recoverability and classification of the amounts recorded as assets and the amounts and classification of the liabilities that may become necessary in the event that the Company is unable to continue in operation as a going concern. Management’s plans in this regard are mentioned in Note 1.

PricewaterhouseCoopers

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers

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Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V.
(A 99% Subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.)

Balance sheets
As of December 31, 2003 and 2002
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)
                 
    2003   2002
Assets
               
Current assets:
               
Cash
  Ps. 414     Ps. 545  
Accounts receivable – Net
    104,161       70,498  
Due from related parties
    3,866,019       316,172  
Inventories – Net
    142,080       214,709  
Prepaid expenses
    644       177  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total current assets
    4,113,318       602,101  
Investment in shares
    2,494       2,593  
Property, plant and equipment – Net
    1,976,662       2,089,669  
Intangible asset of employee retirement obligations
    350       191  
Other assets – Net
    11,911       11,888  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total
  Ps. 6,104,735     Ps. 2,706,442  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
               
Current liabilities:
               
Trade accounts payable
  Ps. 100,728     Ps. 57,649  
Due to related parties
    4,373,524       966,384  
Accrued expenses and taxes, other than income taxes
    106,395       18,021  
Income tax payable
            991  
Employee statutory profit sharing
            940  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total current liabilities
    4,580,647       1,043,985  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Long-term liabilities:
               
Deferred income taxes
    505,021       568,572  
Employee retirement obligations
    2,239       1,550  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total long-term liabilities
    507,260       570,122  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total liabilities
    5,087,907       1,614,107  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Commitments and contingencies
               
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Common stock
    2,516,067       2,190,931  
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
    (245,368 )     175,248  
Insufficiency in restated stockholders’ equity
    (603,355 )     (623,328 )
Cumulative initial effect of deferred income taxes
    (650,516 )     (650,516 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
    1,016,828       1,092,335  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total
  Ps. 6,104,735     Ps. 2,706,442  
 
   
 
     
 
 

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

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Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V.
(A 99% Subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.)

Statements of operations
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Net sales
  Ps. 1,113,343     Ps. 946,712     Ps. 1,035,344  
Cost of sales
    1,050,178       787,437       774,705  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Gross profit
    63,165       159,275       260,639  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    50,393       43,516       47,289  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income from operations
    12,772       115,759       213,355  
Net comprehensive financing (cost) income:
                       
Interest expense
    (475,451 )     (70,582 )     (55,307 )
Interest income
    379,618       35,996       21,211  
Exchange (loss) gain
    (91,123 )     (116,671 )     50,825  
Monetary position gain
    28,628       35,581       37,022  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    (158,328 )     (115,676 )     53,751  
Other expenses – Net
    (453,589 )     (370,664 )     (21,515 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes and employee statutory profit sharing
    (599,145 )     (370,581 )     245,591  
Income tax benefit (expense)
    178,529       201,917       (26,660 )
Employee statutory profit sharing expense
            (994 )     (952 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net income (loss)
  Ps. (420,616 )   Ps. (169,658 )   Ps. 217,979  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

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Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V.
(A 99% Subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.)

Statements of changes in stockholders’ equity
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)
                                         
                    Insufficiency   Cumulative initial    
            Retained earnings   in restated   effect of deferred   Total stockholders’
    Common stock   (accumulated deficit)   stockholders’ equity   income taxes   equity
Balances as of January 1, 2001
  Ps. 2,190,931     Ps. 126,927     Ps. (326,293 )   Ps. (650,516 )   Ps. 1,341,049  
Comprehensive loss
            217,979       (218,966 )             (987 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balances as of December 31, 2001
    2,190,931       344,906       (545,259 )     (650,516 )     1,340,062  
Comprehensive loss
            (169,658 )     (78,069 )             (247,727 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balances as of December 31, 2002
    2,190,931       175,248       (623,328 )     (650,516 )     1,092,335  
Increase due to merger (see Note 1.b)
    325,136               (63,448 )             261,688  
Comprehensive loss
            (420,616 )     83,421               (337,195 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balances as of December 31, 2003
  Ps. 2,516,067     Ps. (245,368 )   Ps. (603,355 )   Ps. (650,516 )   Ps. 1,016,828  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

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Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V.
(A 99% Subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.)

Statements of changes in financial position
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Operating activities:
                       
Net income (loss)
  Ps. (420,616 )   Ps. (169,658 )   Ps. 217,979  
Items that did not require (generate) resources:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    60,708       69,849       62,290  
Loss on sale of industrial machinery and equipment
    366       20       7,682  
Employee retirement obligations
    128       369       376  
Deferred income taxes
    (178,529 )     (201,917 )     (18,626 )
Impairment of long-lived assets
    420,968       351,429          
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
    (116,975 )     50,092       269,701  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
(Increase) decrease in:
                       
Accounts receivable – Net
    (13,360 )     22,623       15,462  
Inventories Net
    (75,294 )     22       37,451  
Prepaid expenses
    (277 )     6,847       (6,734 )
Increase (decrease) in:
                       
Trade accounts payable
    60,074       (24,769 )     (98,980 )
Due to related parties – Net
    20,514       (32,789 )     (169,605 )
Accrued expenses and taxes, other than income taxes
    79,142       (10,552 )     12,399  
Other – Net
    (12,724 )     (25 )     121  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities
    (58,900 )     11,449       59,815  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Financing activities:
                       
Net resources used in payments of debt
                    (132,311 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Investing activities:
                       
Acquisition of industrial machinery and equipment
    (7,570 )     (1,975 )        
Sale of industrial machinery and equipment
    66,339       70       74,157  
Other assets
            (11,888 )        
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) investing activities
    58,769       (13,793 )     74,157  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Cash:
                       
Net increase (decrease)
    (131 )     (2,344 )     1,661  
Balance at beginning of year
    545       2,889       1,228  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 414     Ps. 545     Ps. 2,889  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

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Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V.
(A 99% Subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.)

Notes to financial statements
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001
(In thousands of Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003)

1.   Activities, significant developments and subsequent event

a.   Activities –Industrias Centauro, S. A. de C. V. (the “Company”) is subsidiary of Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V. (“CODUSA”). The Company’s main activity is the manufacture and sale of paper to be used in the manufacturing of corrugated boxes.
 
b.   Merger – On July 1, 2003, the Company’s shareholders approved the merger of Papeles Monterrey, S. A. de C. V. (“PAPELES Monterrey”) into the Company, with the Company assuming all rights and obligations of PAPELES Monterrey. PAPELES Monterrey was incorporated on July 1, 2003 as a result of a spin-off of the assets and liabilities of a containerboard production plant of Empaques de Cartón Titán, S. A. de C. V. (“TITAN”), a subsidiary of CODUSA, and on the same date of its incorporation it was merged into the Company.
 
c.   Change of parent company – In January 2002 TITAN, sold its 71.49% participation in the Company to CODUSA. As a result, the Company became a subsidiary of CODUSA effective that date.
 
d.   Significant developments and subsequent event – In order to expand its production facilities, CODUSA and its subsidiaries (“CODUSA Group”) have contracted significant financing from banks in Mexico and abroad, mainly in the U.S. Additionally, on different dates it sold bonds on the New York securities market. However, since 2002 the CODUSA Group has been severely affected by a combination of economic factors, such as the slowdown of the U.S. and the international economies, a significant drop in the world price of paper, a drastic reduction in the demand for manufactured products requiring the goods supplied by CODUSA’s subsidiaries, an increase in the cost of raw materials, electric power, gas and labor, and the entry of imported products into the Mexican market.
 
    The above-mentioned negative economic events led to a significant reduction in the generation of cash flow for CODUSA Group during the last quarter of 2002, and as a result since November 2002 CODUSA has been unable to cover the payment of interest and principal on certain debt and has not complied with certain obligations and restrictions imposed by the banks and bondholders to maintain the original maturities of the debt. As a result, a portion of the debt has been reclassified as short term, resulting in negative working capital and uncertainty as to its ability to continue as a going concern.
 
    In November 2002, the CODUSA Group initiated negotiations with the banks and bondholders in an effort to restructure its debt and consider the sale of non-strategic assets. In April 2003, CODUSA Group signed a “Forbearance Agreement” with a significant portion of its creditors, under which they agreed to continue productive financial discussions regarding the terms of the debt restructuring. This agreement expired on June 30, 2003.
 
    On April 30, 2004, CODUSA Group and a significant portion of its bank lenders and bondholders signed a Plan Support Agreement regarding its proposed debt restructuring. Under the proposed restructuring, CODUSA’s unsecured creditors would exchange their existing financial debt for one or more tranches of new debt instruments, denominated the Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D Notes, to be issued in an aggregate principal amount of approximately US$715 million. In addition, participating creditors would receive an aggregate of 17% of CODUSA’s share equity, on a fully diluted basis. Also, CODUSA would make available US$43.5 million to acquire a portion of its outstanding debt at purchase prices of no more than US$650 per US$1,000 of principal.

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    Under the terms of this agreement in principle, the creditors would support CODUSA’s overall financial restructuring through an exchange offer; in the event the exchange offer is not consummated but CODUSA obtains the necessary approvals from its creditors to support a consensual plan of reorganization, such plan could be filed under the United States of America’s bankruptcy rules.
 
    On May 20, 2004 CODUSA announced that it has filed for “concurso mercantil” before a Mexican court, which main objective is to achieve a financial restructuring through the reorganization process based on the Mexican Business Reorganization Law. This process will take place at the CODUSA’s legal entity level, as a result, the operations of its subsidiaries will continue running as usual. The reorganization process allows that with the support of 51% of the creditors, the restructuring plan described above, be binding on all of CODUSA’s creditors. CODUSA anticipates that it will have the support of a sufficient percentage of votes to accomplish this goal in an expeditious manner.

2.   Basis of presentation

a.   Explanation for translation into English – The accompanying financial statements have been translated from Spanish into English for use outside of Mexico. These financial statements are presented on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico (“Mexican GAAP”). Certain accounting practices applied by the Company that conform with Mexican GAAP may not conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the country of use.
 
b.   Merger – The financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003 include the effects of the PAPELES Monterrey merger described in Note 1.b. The assets and liabilities of PAPELES Monterrey as of the date of the merger, and the statements of operations for the six-month period ended on December 31, 2003, are as follows:
         
    June 30,
    2003
Current assets
  Ps. 247,798  
Industrial machinery and equipment
    200,838  
Other assets
    2,997  
Current liabilities
    (39,700 )
Long-term liabilities
    (150,245 )
 
   
 
 
Net assets
  Ps. 261,688  
 
   
 
 
         
    July 1 to
    December 31,
    2003
Net sales
  Ps. 149,567  
Cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses
    (156,343 )
Net comprehensive financing income
    91  
Other expenses
    (16,547 )
 
   
 
 
Loss before income tax and employee statutory profit sharing
    (23,232 )
Income tax and employee statutory profit sharing
    (2,446 )
 
   
 
 
Net loss
  Ps. (25,678 )
 
   
 
 

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c.   Going-concern – The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern. As indicated in the accompanying financial statements, during the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company has incurred significant net losses and since 2002, its operating margin has declined substantially. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002 the Company has negative working capital and as CODUSA, is experiencing severe liquidity problems. The Company is guarantor of a portion of CODUSA’s debt. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
 
    The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the valuation and presentation of assets or the presentation and amount of liabilities that might result if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to generate profits and the restructuring of CODUSA Group debt. As mentioned in Note 1, CODUSA is committing significant resources to the debt restructuring efforts and has reached an agreement in principle with a significant portion of its creditors, who will support a comprehensive financial restructuring; however, there can be no assurance that CODUSA will be successful in its efforts.
 
d.   Comprehensive loss – Comprehensive loss presented in the accompanying statements of changes in stockholders’ equity represents all changes in stockholders’ equity during each year except those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners, and is comprised of the net (loss) income of the year, plus other comprehensive income (loss) items of the same period which, in accordance with Mexican GAAP, are presented directly in stockholders’ equity without affecting the statements of operations. In 2003, 2002 and 2001, the other comprehensive loss items consist of the excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity.
 
e.   Reclassifications – Certain amounts in the financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 have been reclassified in order to conform to the presentation of the financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003.

3.   Summary of significant accounting policies
 
    The accounting policies followed by the Company are in conformity with Mexican GAAP, which require that management make certain estimates and use certain assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events, actual results may differ. The significant accounting policies of the Company are as follows:

a.   New accounting policies – Beginning January 1, 2003, the Company adopted the provisions of new Bulletin C-8, “Intangible Assets”, which establishes that project development costs should be capitalized if they fulfill the criteria established for recognition as assets; preoperating costs that are not considered development costs should be recorded as a period expense; and intangible assets considered to have indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but instead are subject to impairment tests. The unamortized balance of capitalized preoperating costs up to December 31, 2002, under the former Bulletin C-8 will continue to be amortized according to the provisions of that Bulletin.
 
    Beginning January 1, 2003, the Company also adopted the provisions of new Bulletin C-9, “Liabilities, Provisions, Contingent Assets and Liabilities and Commitments”, which establishes additional guidelines clarifying the accounting for provisions, accruals and contingent liabilities, and establishes new standards for the use of present value techniques to measure liabilities and accounting for the early settlement or substitution of obligations.
 
    The adoption of these new bulletins did not have significant effects on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

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b.   Recognition of the effects of inflation – The Company restates its financial statements to Mexican peso purchasing power of the most recent balance sheet date presented. Accordingly, the financial statements of the prior years have been restated to Mexican pesos of purchasing power of December 31, 2003 and, therefore, differ from those originally reported in the prior years.
 
c.   Inventories and cost of sales – Inventories are stated at the lower of net realizable value or average cost, which is similar to the most recent purchase price or production cost. Cost of sales is stated at estimated replacement cost at the time of sale.
 
d.   Property, plant and equipment – Property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at acquisition cost and restated using the National Consumer Price Index (“NCPI”). For fixed assets of foreign origin, restated acquisition cost expressed in the currency of the country of origin is converted into Mexican pesos at the market exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Depreciation is calculated based on units produced in the period in relation to the total estimated production of the assets over their service lives.
         
    Years
Buildings
    25-50  
Industrial machinery and equipment
    23-40  
Vehicles
    1-5  
Computers
    1-3  
Office furniture and equipment
    5-10  

    Recurring maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to operating expense as incurred. Major overhauls to fixed assets are capitalized and amortized over the period in which benefits are expected to be received.
 
    Comprehensive financing cost incurred during the period of construction and installation of property, plant and equipment is capitalized and restated using the NCPI.
 
e.   Impairment of long-lived assets in use – The Company evaluates potential impairment losses to long-lived assets by assessing whether the unamortized carrying amount can be recovered over the remaining life of the assets through undiscounted future expected cash flows generated by the assets and without interest charges. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets for which management has committed to a plan of disposal are recorded at the lower of the unamortized carrying amount or fair value less disposal cost.
 
f.   Other assets – Costs incurred in the development phase that meet certain requirements and that the Company has determined will have future economic benefits are capitalized and amortized based on the straight-line method over their estimated useful life. Those disbursements that do not meet such requirements are recorded in results of the period in which they are incurred. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized; however, their value is subject to impairment tests. Preoperating costs incurred after January 1, 2003, are recorded directly in results of the period in which they are incurred. Preoperating expenses incurred and capitalized up to December 31, 2002 are amortized using the straight-line method over four years.

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g.   Financial instruments – Financial assets and liabilities resulting from any type of financial instrument, except for investments in financial instruments held to maturity, are presented in the balance sheet at fair value. The effects of the valuation of a financial asset or liability are recognized in results of operations of the respective period. Investments in financial instruments held to maturity are valued at acquisition cost. The costs and yields of financial instruments are recognized in results of the period in which they occur. Dividends from equity financial instruments are recognized in results of operations of the same period in which the fair value of the financial instrument is adjusted by such dividends.
 
h.   Employee retirement obligations – Seniority premiums are recognized as costs over employee years of service and are calculated by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method at net discount rates. Severance is charged to results when the liability is determined to be payable.
 
i.   Provisions – Provisions are recognized for obligations that result from a past event, that are likely to result in the use of economic resources and that can be reasonably estimated. Such provisions are recorded at net present values when the effect of the discount is significant.
 
j.   Income tax, tax on assets and employee statutory profit sharing – Income tax (“ISR”) and employee statutory profit sharing (“PTU”) are recorded in results of the year in which they are incurred. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences resulting from comparing the book and tax values of assets and liabilities plus any future benefits from tax loss carryforwards. Deferred ISR assets are reduced by any benefits about which there is uncertainty as to their realizability. Deferred PTU is derived from temporary differences between the accounting result and income for PTU purposes and is recognized only when it can be reasonably assumed that they will generate a liability or benefit, and there is no indication that circumstances will change in such a way that the liabilities will not be paid or benefits will not be realized.
 
    The tax on assets paid that is expected to be recoverable is recorded as an advance payment of ISR and is presented in the balance sheet decreasing the deferred ISR liability.
 
k.   Foreign currency balances and transactions – Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the applicable exchange rate in effect at the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated into Mexican pesos at the applicable exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Exchange fluctuations are recorded as a component of net comprehensive financing cost in the statements of operations, except those amounts capitalized as a component of construction cost.
 
l.   Insufficiency in restated stockholders’ equity – Insufficiency in restated stockholders’ equity represents the accumulated monetary position result through the initial restatement of the financial statements and the increase in the restated value of machinery and equipment and inventories above (below) inflation, net of its related deferred ISR.
 
m.   Revenue recognition – Revenues are recognized in the period in which the risks and rewards of ownership of the inventories are transferred to the customers, which generally coincides with the delivery of products to customers in satisfaction of orders.
 
n.   Monetary position gain – Monetary position gain, which represents the erosion of purchasing power of monetary items caused by inflation, is calculated by applying NCPI factors to monthly net monetary position. Gains result from maintaining a net monetary liability position.

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4.   Accounts receivable
                 
    2003   2002
Trade accounts receivable
  Ps. 89,797     Ps. 60,284  
Recoverable taxes
    20,290       11,681  
Other
    803       396  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    110,890       72,361  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (6,729 )     (1,863 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 104,161     Ps. 70,498  
 
   
 
     
 
 

5.   Inventories
                 
    2003   2002
Finished goods
  Ps. 6,248     Ps. 4,119  
Raw materials
    34,309       25,060  
Spare parts and materials for immediate consumption
    59,590       54,777  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    100,147       83,956  
Allowance for obsolete inventories
    (4,728 )     (4,612 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    95,419       79,344  
Advances to suppliers
    12,628       11,663  
Merchandise-in-transit
    34,033       123,702  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 142,080     Ps. 214,709  
 
   
 
     
 
 

6.   Property, plant and equipment
                 
    2003   2002
Buildings
  Ps. 557,087     Ps. 636,327  
Industrial machinery and equipment
    2,919,893       2,947,927  
Vehicles, computers, office furniture and equipment
    224,358       234,777  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    3,701,338       3,819,031  
Accumulated depreciation
    (1,736,930 )     (1,491,615 )
Accumulated impairment loss
    (102,936 )     (351,429 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    1,861,472       1,975,987  
Land
    108,755       108,742  
Construction-in-progress
    6,435       4,940  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 1,976,662     Ps. 2,089,669  
 
   
 
     
 
 

    Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 was Ps.58,157, Ps.69,849 and Ps.62,290, respectively.
 
    During 2003 and 2002, the Company reviewed the recoverable value of its long-lived assets, which was determined by the future cash flow generated over the useful lives of the corresponding assets, which extends from 20 to 35 years after 2003. As a result, the Company recorded Ps.420,968 and Ps.351,429 during 2003 and 2002, respectively, as an impairment loss for its long-lived assets. The deferred income tax effect for this reserve resulted in a benefit of Ps.134,710 and Ps.112,457 during 2003 and 2002, respectively.
 
    As of December 31, 2002 the Company had assets temporarily out of use in the amount of Ps.235,864. Such assets were sold to an affiliated company during 2003.

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    During 2003, 2002 and 2001 the Company did not capitalize any comprehensive financing costs. Unamortized capitalized comprehensive financing cost was Ps.52,924 and Ps.55,183 at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
 
7.   Financial instruments

a.   Financial instruments – The estimated fair value amounts of the Company’s financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies that require considerable judgment in developing and interpreting the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
 
    The carrying amounts of the Company’s accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because they have relatively short-term maturities and bear interest at rates tied to market indicators, as appropriate. The accounts receivable balance represents the expected cash flows to be collected by the Company.
 
b.   Concentration of credit risk – The financial instruments that potentially are subject to a concentration of credit risk is principally trade accounts receivable. The concentration of the credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of customers comprising the Company’s customer base and their dispersion across different locations in Mexico. There were no customers exceeding 10% of net sales for any of the periods presented.

8.   Employee retirement obligations
 
    In accordance with the Mexican Labor Law, the Company provides seniority premium benefits to employees under certain circumstances. These benefits consist of a lump sum payment of 12 days’ wages for each year worked, calculated using the most recent salary, not to exceed twice the legal minimum wage established by law. The related liability and annual cost of such benefits are calculated by an independent actuary on the basis of formulas defined in the plans using the projected unit credit method. The present values of these obligations and the rates used for the calculations are:
                 
    2003   2002
Accumulated benefit obligation
  Ps. 2,239     Ps. 1,550  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Projected benefit obligation
  Ps. 2,612     Ps. 1,965  
Unrecognized items:
               
Variances for assumptions and adjustments based on experience
    8,423       457  
Transition asset
    (9,146 )     (1,063 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net projected liability
    1,889       1,359  
Intangible asset
    350       191  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 2,239     Ps. 1,550  
 
   
 
     
 
 

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The rates used in the actuarial calculations, net of effects of inflation, were:

                         
    2003   2002   2001
    %   %   %
Discount of the projected benefit obligation to present value
    5       5       5  
Salary increase
    2       2       2  

The amortization periods for the unamortized items are as follows:

         
    Remaining
    Years
Transition asset
    18  
Variances in assumptions and adjustments based on experience
    18  

Net period cost is comprised as follows:

                         
    2003   2002   2001
Service costs
  Ps. 113     Ps. 247     Ps. 246  
Amortization of transition asset, variances for assumptions and adjustments based on experience
    (45 )     30       41  
Interest cost
    60       92       89  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Net period cost
  Ps. 128     Ps. 369     Ps. 376  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

In connection with the reorganization process of the Company’s operations, there was a termination of administrative and operating personnel during 2003 that represented payments of Ps.26,833, which are included in other expenses in the accompanying statement of operations.

9.   Stockholders’ equity

a.   Common stock shares at par value as of December 31 are comprised as follows:
                                 
    2003
    Number of   Par   Restatement    
    Shares   Value   Effect   Total
Fixed capital Series A
    245,492     Ps. 2,233     Ps. 3,401     Ps. 5,634  
Variable capital Series B
    815,559,656       1,191,338       1,319,095       2,510,433  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total shares
    815,805,148     Ps. 1,193,571     Ps. 1,322,496     Ps. 2,516,067  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

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    2002
    Number of   Par   Restatement    
    Shares   Value   Effect   Total
Fixed capital Series A
    245,492     Ps. 2,233     Ps. 3,401     Ps. 5,634  
Variable capital Series B
    592,979,758       866,202       1,319,095       2,185,297  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Total shares
    593,225,250     Ps. 868,435     Ps. 1,322,496     Ps. 2,190,931  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 

Common stock consists of nominative shares without a par value. Variable capital is unlimited.

b.   As a consequence of the merger described in Note 1.b, at the General Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held on July 1, 2003, the issuance of 222,579,898 shares, without par value, in the amount of Ps.325,136, was approved, increasing the variable portion of the common stock.
 
c.   Retained earnings include the statutory legal reserve. Mexican General Corporate Law requires that at least 5% of net income of the year be transferred to the legal reserve until the reserve equals 20% of capital stock at par value (historical pesos). The legal reserve may be capitalized but may not be distributed unless the entity is dissolved. The legal reserve must be replenished if it is reduced for any reason. At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the legal reserve, in historical pesos, was Ps.11,256.
 
d.   Stockholders’ equity, except restated paid-in capital and tax retained earnings, will be subject to a tax at the rate in effect when a dividend is distributed. In 2003, the rate was 34% and will be reduced by one percentage point each year until reaching 32% in 2005. Any tax paid on such distribution, may be credited against the income tax payable of the year in which the tax on the dividend is paid and the two fiscal years following such payment.
 
e.   The balances of the stockholders’ equity tax accounts as of December 31, are:
                 
    2003   2002
Contributed capital account
  Ps. 3,010,005     Ps. 2,643,710  
Net tax income account
    1,085,870       623,026  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Total
  Ps. 4,095,875     Ps. 3,266,736  
 
   
 
     
 
 

As illustrated in the preceding table, the total amount of the balances of the stockholders’ equity tax accounts exceeds stockholders’ equity, according to the accompanying balance sheets.

10.   Foreign currency balances and transactions

a.   At December 31, the foreign currency monetary position is as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Thousands of U.S. dollars:
               
Monetary assets
    253,712       2,189  
Monetary liabilities
    (369,103 )     (89,820 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Monetary liability position, net
    (115,391 )     (87,631 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Equivalent in Mexican pesos
  Ps. (1,296,672 )   Ps. (914,806 )
 
   
 
     
 
 

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b.   Nonmonetary assets of foreign origin at December 31, 2003 are as follows:
                     
        Foreign   Equivalent
        Currency   in Mexican
    Currency   Balance   Pesos
Inventories
  U.S. dollar     2,624       29,486  
Industrial machinery and equipment-
                   
United States of America
  U.S. dollar     64,321       722,792  
Brazil
  Real     174,170       677,226  
Japan
  Yen     24,170       2,533  
Canada
  Canadian dollar     2,057       17,899  

c.   Transactions denominated in foreign currency were as follows:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
            (In thousands of        
            U.S. dollars)        
Export sales
    1,544       4,408       5,754  
Interest income
    24,013                  
Interest expense
    24,333       5,077       2,714  
Import purchases
    21,948       11,432       11,757  
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
    43               925  
Services and spare parts purchases
    2,663       2,354       2,109  

d.   The exchange rates in effect at the dates of the balance sheets and of issuance of the financial statements were as follows:
                         
    December 31   April 30,
    2003   2002   2004
U.S. dollar
  Ps. 11.2372
    Ps. 10.4393
    Ps. 11.4068
 

11.   Transaction and balances with related parties

a.   Transactions with related parties, carried out in the ordinary course of business, were as follows:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Revenues:
                       
Sales
  Ps. 979,881     Ps. 853,952     Ps. 916,146  
Administrative services
    1,619       9,374       10,184  
Leasing
    1,250       1,983       5,781  
Interest income
    369,129       33,573       15,560  
Other income
    4,926       29,140       91,600  
Sale of industrial machinery and equipment
    66,281                  

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    2003   2002   2001
Expenses:
                       
Purchases
  Ps. 256,688     Ps. 280,794     Ps. 397,153  
Interest expenses
    463,975       68,115       52,837  
Acquisition of industrial machinery and equipment
    15,845               50,797  
Services
    117,204       6,756       7,096  
Leasing
    22,976                  
Other expenses
    24,407       61,057       110,018  

b.   Balances receivable and payable with related parties are as follows:
                 
    2003   2002
Due from related parties-
               
Empaques de Cartón Titán, S. A. de C. V.
  Ps. 2,387,932     Ps. 48,851  
Administración Corporativa de Durango, S. A. de C. V.
    754,722       24,977  
Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V.
    445,594       104,222  
Envases y Empaques de México, S. A. de C. V.
    88,865       95,006  
Cartonpack, S. A. de C. V.
    65,021       12,472  
Administradora Corporativa y Mercantil, S. A. de C. V.
    46,354          
Grupo Pipsamex, S. A. de C. V.
    62,375          
Ectsa International Corporation
    11,267       13,810  
Cajas y Corrugados de Chihuahua, S. A. de C. V.
            6,890  
Fibras de Durango, S. A. de C. V.
            5,432  
Other
    3,889       4,512  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 3,866,019     Ps. 316,172  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Due to related parties-
               
Corporación Durango, S. A. de C. V.
  Ps. 4,334,091     Ps. 924,700  
Fibras de Durango, S. A. de C. V.
    14,036          
Fiber Management of Texas
    16,704          
Porteadores de Durango, S. A. de C. V.
    8,535       12,205  
Durango McKinley Paper Company
            28,594  
Other
    158       885  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 4,373,524     Ps. 966,384  
 
   
 
     
 
 

In 2003, the Company entered into debt assignment agreements, through these agreements the Company assumed debt with CODUSA, denominated in Mexican pesos and U.S. dollars, originally due from TITAN and Compañía Papelera de Atenquique, S. A. de C. V., affiliated companies. The accounts payable and receivable bear interest at 15% in Mexican pesos and 13.8% in U.S. dollars.

On July 1, 2003, the Company and TITAN entered into a lease agreement for the building where PAPELES Monterrey is located. The contract is for an undefined time period and establishes that the rent payment will be calculated by adding 1% to the expenses incurred by TITAN related to the building.

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12.   Other expenses
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Impairment of long-lived assets
  Ps. 420,968     Ps. 351,429     Ps.    
Severance payments due to reorganization
    26,833                  
Other expenses Net
    5,788       19,235       21,515  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 453,589     Ps. 370,664     Ps. 21,515  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

13.   Income taxes, tax on assets and employee statutory profit sharing

In accordance with Mexican tax law, the Company is subject to income tax (“ISR”) and tax on assets (“IMPAC”). ISR takes into consideration the taxable and deductible effects of inflation.

The ISR rate was 35% in 2002 and 2001 and 34% in 2003, and will be reduced by one percentage point each year until reaching 32% in 2005. In 2002, the deduction for employee statutory profit sharing (“PTU”) and the obligation to withhold taxes on dividends paid to individuals or foreign residents were eliminated.

IMPAC is calculated by applying a rate of 1.8% on the net average of the majority of restated assets less certain liabilities and is payable only to the extent that it exceeds ISR payable for the same period. If in any year IMPAC exceeds the ISR payable, the IMPAC payment for such excess may be reduced by the amount by which ISR exceeded IMPAC in the three preceding years and any required payment of IMPAC is creditable against the excess of ISR over IMPAC of the following ten years.

The Company incurs ISR and IMPAC with CODUSA in the proportion that CODUSA owns the voting stock of its subsidiaries at the balance sheet date. Beginning on January 1, 2002, the proportion is calculated based on the average daily equity percentage that CODUSA owns of its subsidiaries during the year. The tax results of the subsidiaries are at 60% of such proportion and the tax results of the holding company are also at 60%. Estimated payments of ISR and IMPAC of both CODUSA and its subsidiaries are made as if CODUSA did not file a consolidated tax return.

a.   ISR consists of the following:
                         
    2003   2002   2001
Current
  Ps.       Ps.       Ps. (45,286 )
Deferred
    178,529       201,917       18,626  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 178,529     Ps. 201,917     Ps. (26,660 )
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

b.   The reconciliation of the statutory and effective ISR rates expressed as a percentage of income (loss) before ISR and PTU for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 is:

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    2003   2002   2001
Statutory rate
    34.00 %     35.00 %     35.00 %
(Deduct) add the effect of permanent differences other than inflation
    (4.69 %)     18.51 %     (19.24 %)
Deduct the effects of inflation
    (0.21 %)     (6.22 %)     (4.90 %)
Effect of change in statutory rate on deferred ISR
    0.21 %     7.20 %        
Change in valuation allowance for recoverable IMPAC and benefit of tax loss carryforwards
    0.48 %                
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 
Effective rate
    29.79 %     54.49 %     10.86 %
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
 

c.   At December 31, 2003 and 2002 the main items comprising the liability balance of deferred ISR are:
                 
    2003   2002
Deferred ISR (asset) liability:
               
Property, plant and equipment
  Ps. 595,249     Ps. 510,188  
Inventories
    45,465       68,706  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (2,153 )     (596 )
Accrued expenses
    (21,516 )     (496 )
Deferred assets
    3,250       3,804  
Other – Net
    3,726       (321 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
Deferred ISR from temporary differences
    624,021       581,285  
Effect of tax loss carryforwards
    (117,697 )     (11,410 )
Recoverable tax on assets
    (9,296 )     (6,438 )
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
    497,028       563,437  
Valuation allowance for the deferred ISR asset and recoverable tax on assets
    7,993       5,135  
 
   
 
     
 
 
Net long-term deferred ISR liability
  Ps. 505,021     Ps. 568,572  
 
   
 
     
 
 

d.   Due to deterioration in the circumstances used to assess the recovery of tax on assets paid in 2003 the valuation allowance for recoverable tax on assets was increased by Ps.2,858.
 
e.   At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company has taxable temporary and permanent differences related to deferred PTU, mainly inventories and property, plant and equipment, for which the deferred PTU liabilities were neither estimated nor recorded because the Company believes that they will not reverse due to the recurring nature of the related transactions.
 
f.   Tax loss carryforwards and recoverable IMPAC for which the deferred ISR asset and prepaid ISR, respectively, have been partially recognized may be recovered subject to certain conditions. Restated amounts as of December 31, 2003 and expiration dates are:

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Year of   Tax Loss   Recoverable
Expiration   Carryforwards   IMPAC
2004
  Ps.       Ps. 6,438  
2012
    35,656          
2013
    332,147       2,858  
 
   
 
     
 
 
 
  Ps. 367,803     Ps. 9,296  
 
   
 
     
 
 

g.   For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, the change in excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity, as shown in the accompanying statements of changes in stockholders’ equity, is presented net of the effect of the related deferred income tax of Ps.61,105, Ps.31,044 and Ps.2,342, respectively.

14.   Commitments

a.   The Company entered into a 74-month non-cancelable machinery and equipment operating lease agreement with CODUSA starting on May 25, 2001. The related lease expense for 2003, 2002 and 2001 amounted to Ps.22,354, Ps.14,909 and Ps.9,193, respectively. Minimum lease payments under this contract as a December 31, 2003 were as follows:
         
    Amount
    (In thousands of
Year   U.S. dollars)
2004
    2,449  
2005
    2,449  
2006
    2,449  
2007
    1,943  
 
   
 
 
 
    9,290  
 
   
 
 

b.   On June 24, 2002, CODUSA issued US$175 million in 13 3/4 Senior Notes due 2009. These notes are jointly and severally guaranteed on an unsecured basis by the Company. Additionally, upon the issuance of the notes, the Company also equally and ratably guaranteed the 2006 and 2008 Notes. The total amount guaranteed by the Company is US$487.1 million. Further, the Company is guarantor of other financing agreements for CODUSA in the amount of US$136.6 million. Since the last months of 2002, CODUSA is in default of interest and principal payments related to these financing agreements, and as described in Note 1, is currently in a restructuring process with it creditors.

15.   Contingencies

a.   Additional taxes payable could arise in transactions with nonresident related parties if the tax authority, during a review, believes that the prices and amounts used by the Company are not similar to those used with or between independent parties in comparable transactions.
 
b.   The Company has initiated an injunction against the Mexican tax authorities regarding the unconstitutionality of the Substitutive Tax of the Wage Credit. Management believes that the outcome of this process will be favorable to the Company, which represents a contingent asset of Ps.1,139.

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16.   New accounting principles
 
    In March 2003, the Mexican Institute of Public Accountants (“MIPA”) issued Bulletin C-15, “Impairment of the Value of Long-Lived Assets and Their Disposal” (“C-15”), whose adoption is mandatory for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2004, although early adoption is encouraged. C-15 establishes, among other things, new rules for the calculation and recognition of impairment losses for long-lived assets and their reversal. It also provides guidance as to indicators of potential impairment in the carrying amount of tangible and intangible long-lived assets in use, including goodwill. Companies must test for impairment unless there is conclusive evidence that the indicators of impairment are temporary. The calculation of such loss requires the determination of the recoverable value, which is now defined as the greater of the net selling price of a cash-generating unit and its value in use, which is the net present value of discounted future net cash flows. The accounting principles issued prior to this new bulletin used future net cash flows, without requiring the discounting of such cash flows. However, since the present value of estimated future net cash flows from the use of this machinery is greater than its book value as of December 31, 2003, the Company estimates that the adoption of C-15 as of January 1, 2004, will not have any effects on its financial situation and results of operations.
 
    In May 2003, the MIPA issued Bulletin C-12, “Financial Instruments of a Debt or Equity Nature or a Combination of Both” (“C-12”), whose application is mandatory for financial statements for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2004, although early adoption is encouraged. C-12 is the compilation of the standards issued by the MIPA with respect to the issue of debt or equity financial instruments, or a combination of both, and includes additional standards on the accounting recognition for these instruments. Consequently, C-12 indicates the basic differences between liabilities and stockholders’ equity and establishes the rules for classifying and valuing the components of debt and equity of combined financial instruments in the initial recognition. Subsequent recognition and valuation of liabilities and stockholders’ equity of the financial instruments is subject to the standards issued previously in the applicable bulletins. Since the Company has not issued any financial instruments with characteristics of both debt and equity, management believes this new accounting principle will not have any effects on its financial situation and results of operations.
 
17.   Differences Between Mexican GAAP and US GAAP
 
    The financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with Mexican GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from US GAAP. A reconciliation of the net income (loss), stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss) to US GAAP is presented in Note 18. It should be noted that this reconciliation to US GAAP does not include the reversal of the restatement of the financial statements for the effects of inflation as required by Bulletin B-10, “Recognition of the Effects of Inflation in the Financial Information”, of Mexican GAAP. The application of this bulletin represents a comprehensive measure of the effects of price-level changes in the Mexican economy and, as such, is considered a more meaningful presentation than historical cost-based financial reporting in Mexican pesos for both Mexican and US accounting purposes.
 
    The differences between Mexican GAAP and US GAAP included in the reconciliation that affect the financial statements of the Company are described below.

a.   Classification differences – Certain items require a different classification in the balance sheet or statement of operation under US GAAP. These include:

  As explained in Note 5, under Mexican GAAP, advances to suppliers are recorded as inventories. Under US GAAP, advances to suppliers are classified as prepaid expenses.

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  The impairment of long-lived assets, the gain or loss on the disposition of fixed assets, all severance indemnities, and employee profit sharing must be included in operating expenses under US GAAP.

b.   Restatement of imported fixed assets – As explained in Note 3.d, under Mexican GAAP, fixed assets of foreign origin have been restated by applying the inflation rate of the country of origin and then translated at the year-end exchange rate of the Mexican peso.
 
    Under US GAAP, the Company applies the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which require that all machinery and equipment, both domestic and imported, be restated using Mexican inflation factors.

c.   Deferred income taxes and employee profit sharing – The Company follows SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” for US GAAP purposes, which differs from Mexican GAAP as follows:

  Under Mexican GAAP, deferred taxes are classified as non-current, while under US GAAP deferred taxes are based on the classification of the related asset or liability.
 
  Under Mexican GAAP, the effects of inflation on the deferred tax balance generated by monetary items are recognized in the result on monetary position. Under US GAAP, the deferred tax balance is classified as a non-monetary item. As a result, the statement of operations differs with respect to the presentation of the gain (loss) on monetary position and deferred income tax provision.
 
  Under Mexican GAAP, deferred employee profit sharing is calculated considering only those temporary differences that arise during the year and which are expected to turnaround within a defined period, while under US GAAP, the same liability method as used for deferred income taxes is applied.
 
  The US GAAP adjustments to the accounting basis of assets and liabilities generate a difference calculating the deferred income tax under US GAAP compared to the one presented under Mexican GAAP (see Note 13).
 
  Under US GAAP, in view of the going-concern uncertainty, a full valuation allowance has been provided for all deferred tax assets not assured of realization.

The tax effects of temporary differences that generated deferred tax liabilities (assets) under US GAAP are as follows:

                                 
    2003   2002
Deferred ISR (asset) liability:
                               
Property, plant and equipment
        Ps.   501,974           Ps.   494,942  
Inventories
            45,465               70,981  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
            (2,153 )             (596 )
Accrued expenses
            (21,516 )             (146 )
Deferred assets
            3,250               3,985  
Other – Net
            3,726               (321 )
 
           
 
             
 
 
Deferred ISR from temporary differences
            530,746               568,845  
Effect of tax loss carryforwards
            (117,697 )             (11,410 )
Recoverable tax on assets
            (9,296 )             (6,438 )
 
           
 
             
 
 
 
            403,753               550,997  
Valuation allowance
            126,993               17,848  
 
           
 
             
 
 
Net long-term deferred ISR liability
        Ps.   530,746           Ps.   568,845  
 
           
 
             
 
 

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     The changes in the balance of the deferred income taxes for the year under US GAAP are as follows:

                                 
    2003   2002
Balance at beginning of the year
        Ps.   568,845           Ps.   631,114  
Provision for the year
            (110,489 )             (62,269 )
Increase due to merger
            72,390                  
 
           
 
             
 
 
Balance at end of the year
        Ps.   530,746           Ps.   568,845  
 
           
 
             
 
 

     The tax effects of temporary differences that generated deferred profit sharing liabilities (assets) under US GAAP are as follows:

                                 
    2003   2002
Deferred employee profit sharing (asset) liability:
                               
Property, plant and equipment
        Ps.   148,384           Ps.   187,712  
Inventories
            14,208               21,509  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
            (673 )             (188 )
Acrued expenses
            (6,608 )             (135 )
Other assets
            1,016               1,207  
Other – Net
            (8,275 )             4,817  
 
           
 
             
 
 
Net deferred employee profit sharing liability
        Ps.   148,052           Ps.   214,922  
 
           
 
             
 
 

The changes in the balance of the deferred employee profit sharing liability for the year under US GAAP are as follows:

                                 
    2003   2002
Balance at beginning of the year
        Ps.   214,922           Ps.   203,896  
Provision for the year
            (86,442 )             11,026  
Increase due to merger
            19,572                  
 
           
 
             
 
 
Balance at end of the year
        Ps.   148,052           Ps.   214,922  
 
           
 
             
 
 

The deferred income tax and profit sharing classification in the condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 is as follows:

                                                 
                    2003    
                    Employee    
    Income Tax   Profit Sharing   Total
Deferred asset:
                                               
Current
        Ps.   (19,943 )         Ps.   (16,604 )         Ps.   (36,547 )
Deferred liability:
                                               
Current
            45,465               15,256               60,721  
Long term
            505,224               149,400               654,624  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
 
            550,689               164,656               715,345  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Deferred liability, net
        Ps.   530,746           Ps.   148,052           Ps.   678,798  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 

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                    2002    
                    Employee    
    Income Tax   Profit Sharing   Total
Deferred assets:
                                               
Current
        Ps.   (1,064 )         Ps.               Ps.   (1,064 )
Long term
                            (321 )             (321 )
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
 
            (1,064 )             (321 )             (1,385 )
Deferred liability:
                                               
Current
            70,982               26,324               97,306  
Long term
            498,927               188,919               687,846  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
 
            569,909               215,243               785,152  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Deferred liability, net
        Ps.   568,845           Ps.   214,922           Ps.   783,767  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 

d.   Employee retirement obligations – Under Mexican GAAP, the liabilities for employee benefits are determined using actuarial computations in accordance with Bulletin D-3, “Labor Obligations”, which is substantially the same as US GAAP SFAS No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions”.

Under Mexican GAAP and US GAAP, there is no difference in the liabilities for seniority premiums and pension plans.

The following sets forth the changes in benefit obligations, and the funded status of such plans for 2003 and 2002 reconciled with the amounts reported in the condensed balance sheets under US GAAP.

                                 
    2003   2002
Accumulated benefit obligation:
        Ps.   2,239           Ps.   1,550  
 
           
 
             
 
 
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
        Ps.   1,965           Ps.   1,114  
Service costs
            113               247  
Interest cost
            60               92  
Actuarial loss
            474               686  
Benefits paid
                            (174 )
 
           
 
             
 
 
Projected benefit obligations at end of year
        Ps.   2,612           Ps.   1,965  
 
           
 
             
 
 
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets consist of:
                               
Unfunded liability
        Ps.   2,612           Ps.   1,965  
Less- Unrecognized transition obligation and other
            (723 )             (606 )
 
           
 
             
 
 
Net projected liability
            1,889               1,359  
Intangible asset
            350               191  
 
           
 
             
 
 
Liability recognized under US and Mexican GAAP
        Ps.   2,239           Ps.   1,550  
 
           
 
             
 
 

e.   Negative goodwill – Under Mexican GAAP, CODUSA recorded negative goodwill that arose from the acquisition of TITAN realized in prior years, which represents the excess of the book value of the net assets acquired over the purchase price. Such negative goodwill was amortized into income over the period in which CODUSA integrated these operations into the entity.

    Under US GAAP, such excess of the book value was recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the long-term assets (primarily fixed assets) of TITAN.

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    As described in Note 1.b, PAPELES Monterrey was incorporated as a result of a spin-off of TITAN and subsequently was merged into the Company; consequently, the carrying value of its long-term assets recorded under Mexican GAAP differs from the US GAAP carrying values.
 
f.   Impairment of long-lived assets – For US GAAP purposes, beginning on January 1, 2002, the Company follows SFAS No.144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”.
 
    For the year ended December 31, 2001, the Company followed SFAS No. 121, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of”. SFAS Nos. 144 and 121 provide criteria for when and under what circumstances an impairment loss (write-down) should be recorded and the manner in which the write-down should be measured. An evaluation of impairment is undertaken whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Under SFAS Nos. 144 and 121, the impairment criteria are met when the carrying value of assets exceeds the sum of expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related assets. If it is determined that an asset is impaired, it is written down to its fair value.
 
    The Company tested certain long-lived assets for recoverability in 2003 and 2002 in response to significant adverse changes in business climate occurring during these years (see Note 1.d). Under US GAAP, certain assets being evaluated for recoverability had lower book values than under Mexican GAAP and negative goodwill resulting from acquisitions has reduced the US GAAP carrying value of the assets. As such, in 2003 the impairment charge recorded under Mexican GAAP was greater than the impairment charge calculated under US GAAP. As a result, during 2003, the Company recognized an adjustment to US GAAP net income (loss) of Ps.8,976. Theses expenses relate primarily to machinery and equipment.
 
g.   Statement of cash flows – Under Mexican GAAP, the Company presents a statement of changes in financial position in accordance with Bulletin B-12, “Statement of Changes in Financial Position”, which identifies the generation and application of resources by the differences between beginning and ending financial statement balances in constant Mexican pesos. Bulletin B-12 also requires that monetary and foreign exchange gains and losses be treated as cash items for the determination of resources generated by operations.
 
    In accordance with US GAAP, the Company follows SFAS No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows,” which is presented below excluding the effects of inflation.
 
h.   Summarized financial information under US GAAP – The condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, and the condensed statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the three years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, reflecting US GAAP adjustments, are presented below.
 
    Condensed balance sheets:
                                 
    2003   2002
Total current assets
        Ps.   4,149,865           Ps.   653,665  
Property, plant and equipment – Net
            1,685,179               1,982,181  
Other assets – Net
            14,755               14,859  
 
           
 
             
 
 
Total assets
        Ps.   5,849,799           Ps.   2,650,705  
 
           
 
             
 
 

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    2003   2002
Current liabilities
        Ps.   4,641,369           Ps.   1,186,841  
Total long-term liabilities
            656,862               694,212  
 
           
 
             
 
 
Total liabilities
            5,298,231               1,881,053  
Stockholders’ equity
            551,568               769,652  
 
           
 
             
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
        Ps.   5,849,799           Ps.   2,650,705  
 
           
 
             
 
 

     Condensed statements of operations:

                                                 
    2003   2002   2001
Net sales
        Ps.   1,113,343           Ps.   1,012,284           Ps.   1,099,594  
Cost of sales and operating expenses
            1,389,829               1,216,543               846,955  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Income (loss) from operations
            (276,486 )             (204,259 )             252,639  
Net comprehensive financing (cost) income
            (159,143 )             (115,422 )             51,988  
Other expenses – Net
            (32,621 )             (19,236 )             (21,518 )
Income tax benefit
            110,489               62,269               4,891  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Net income (loss)
        Ps.   (357,761 )         Ps.   (276,648 )         Ps.   288,000  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Net income loss
        Ps.   (357,761 )         Ps.   (276,648 )         Ps.   288,000  
Excess (insufficiency) in restated stockholders’ equity
            (8,198 )             (9,800 )             (50,911 )
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
US GAAP comprehensive income (loss)
        Ps.   (365,959 )         Ps.   (286,448 )         Ps.   237,089  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 

     Changes in stockholders’ equity:

                                 
    2003   2002
Balance at beginning of the year
        Ps.   769,652           Ps.   1,056,100  
Net loss under US GAAP
            (357,761 )             (276,648 )
Increase due to merger
            147,875                  
Deficit from restatement
            (8,198 )             (9,800 )
 
           
 
             
 
 
Balance at end of the year
        Ps.   551,568           Ps.   769,652  
 
           
 
             
 
 

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     Condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

                                                 
    2003   2002   2001
Operating activities:
                                               
Net income (loss)
        Ps.   (357,761 )         Ps.   (276,648 )         Ps.   288,000  
Items that did not require (generate) resources
            248,431               452,213               (40,837 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
            50,430               (39,715 )             (142,362 )
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities
            (58,900 )             135,850               104,801  
Financing activities:
                                               
Short-term and long-term debt – Net
                                            125,172  
Other financing activities
                                            (253,589 )
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Net resources used in financing activities
                                            (128,417 )
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Investing activities:
                                               
Acquisition of machinery and equipment
            (7,570 )             (1,975 )             (44,806 )
Other investing activities
            66,339               (12,125 )             140,025  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Net resources generated by (used in) investing activities
            58,769               (14,100 )             95,219  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Effect of inflation and exchange rate changes on cash
                            (124,094 )             (69,942 )
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash
            (131 )             (2,344 )             1,661  
Balance at beginning of year
            545               2,889               1,228  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Balance at end of year
        Ps.   414           Ps.   545           Ps.   2,889  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Supplemental cash flow information:
                                               
Interest paid
        Ps.               Ps.               Ps.      
Income tax and tax on asset paid
            400               21,006               986  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
 
        Ps.   400           Ps.   21,006           Ps.   986  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 

18.   Reconciliation of Mexican GAAP to US GAAP

a.   Reconciliation of net income (loss) for the year
                                                 
    2003   2002   2001
Net income (loss) under Mexican GAAP
        Ps.   (420,616 )         Ps.   (169,658 )         Ps.   217,979  
Deferred income taxes
            (68,855 )             (139,395 )             29,786  
Deferred employee statutory profit sharing expense
            86,442               (11,026 )             26,916  
Purchase accounting adjustments:
                                               
Depreciation
            1,540                                  
Effect of fifth amendment to Bulletin B-10
            25,624               43,431               13,319  
Adjustment to fixed asset impairment
            18,104                                  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
US GAAP net income (loss)
        Ps.   (357,761 )         Ps.   (276,648 )         Ps.   288,000  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 

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Under US GAAP, the monetary position effect of the statement of operations adjustments is included in each adjustment, except for goodwill, which is non-monetary.

b.   Reconciliation of stockholders’ equity
                                 
    2003   2002
Total stockholders’ equity under Mexican GAAP
        Ps.   1,016,828           Ps.   1,092,335  
Deferred income taxes
            (25,725 )             (273 )
Deferred employee statutory profit sharing
            (148,052 )             (214,922 )
Purchase accounting adjustments:
                               
Accumulated negative goodwill
            (47,832 )                
Accumulated depreciation
            15,151                  
Effect of fifth amendment to Bulletin B-10:
                               
Fixed assets
            (998,298 )             (791,413 )
Fixed assets accumulated depreciation
            739,496               683,925  
 
           
 
             
 
 
Total US GAAP stockholders’ equity
        Ps.   551,568           Ps.   769,652  
 
           
 
             
 
 

c.   Reconciliation of comprehensive income (loss)
                                                 
    2003   2002   2001
Comprehensive loss under
                                               
Mexican GAAP
        Ps.   (337,195 )         Ps.   (247,727 )         Ps.   (987 )
US GAAP adjustments:
                                               
Net income (loss)
            62,855               (106,990 )             70,021  
Result of holding non-monetary assets
            (91,619 )             68,269               168,055  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 
Comprehensive income (loss)
        Ps.   (365,959 )         Ps.   (286,448 )         Ps.   237,089  
 
           
 
             
 
             
 
 

19.   Future impact of recently issued accounting standards under US GAAP not yet in effect

a.   SFAS No. 149, “Amendments of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” – In April 2003 the FASB issued SFAS No. 149, which amends and clarifies financial accounting and reporting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts and for hedging activities under SFAS No. 133. The changes in this Statement improve financial reporting by requiring that contracts with comparable characteristics be accounted for similarly. The new standard will be effective for contracts entered into or modified after September 30, 2003, except as stated below and for hedging relationships designated after September 3, 2003. In addition, except as stated below, all provisions of this Statement should be applied prospectively.
 
    The provisions of this Statement that relate to SFAS No. 133 implementation issues that have been effective for fiscal quarters that began prior to September 15, 2003, should continue to be applied in accordance with their respective effective dates. The Company does not anticipate that this new standard will have a significant impact on its financial position or results of operations.

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b.   FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46”) – In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46. FIN 46 clarified the application of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements,” to certain entities in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. FIN 46 was effective immediately for all variable interests held by the Company in a variable interest entity created after January 31, 2003. For a variable interest held by the Company in a variable interest entity created before February 1, 2003, the Company will be required to apply the provisions of FIN 46 as of December 31, 2004. The Company does not currently have any variable interests in a variable interest entity.

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