Document
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017
OR 
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from_____ to _____         
Commission File Number: 001-37557
 
Penumbra, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
 
05-0605598
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
One Penumbra Place
Alameda, CA
 
94502
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip code)

(510) 748-3200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes: x    No:  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes:  x    No:  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
x
 
Accelerated filer
o
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
o
Emerging growth company
o
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes:  o  No:  x
As of July 18, 2017, the registrant had 33,772,018 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.
 


Table of Contents

Penumbra, Inc.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

Penumbra, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
 
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Assets
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
76,576

 
$
13,236

Marketable investments
 
142,068

 
115,517

Accounts receivable, net of doubtful accounts of $949 and $684 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
 
48,714

 
43,335

Inventories
 
81,141

 
73,012

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
14,399

 
18,727

Restricted cash
 
1,819

 

Total current assets
 
364,717

 
263,827

Property and equipment, net
 
24,419

 
21,464

Deferred taxes
 
22,496

 
22,476

Other non-current assets
 
5,371

 
487

Total assets
 
$
417,003

 
$
308,254

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
 
$
4,334

 
$
4,110

Accrued liabilities
 
33,177

 
31,690

Total current liabilities
 
37,511

 
35,800

Deferred rent
 
5,682

 
5,083

Other non-current liabilities
 
832

 
824

Total liabilities
 
44,025

 
41,707

Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
 


 


Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
Common stock
 
33

 
31

Additional paid-in capital
 
384,965

 
273,865

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
(4,695
)
 
(4,688
)
Accumulated deficit
 
(7,325
)
 
(2,661
)
Total stockholders’ equity
 
372,978

 
266,547

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
417,003

 
$
308,254

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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Table of Contents

Penumbra, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenue
 
$
80,589

 
$
65,106

 
$
153,802

 
$
123,025

Cost of revenue
 
29,660

 
23,636

 
55,164

 
41,650

Gross profit
 
50,929

 
41,470

 
98,638

 
81,375

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
 
8,094

 
6,264

 
15,128

 
11,265

Sales, general and administrative
 
44,163

 
35,876

 
86,884

 
68,945

Total operating expenses
 
52,257

 
42,140

 
102,012

 
80,210

(Loss) income from operations
 
(1,328
)
 
(670
)
 
(3,374
)
 
1,165

Interest income, net
 
624

 
559

 
1,268

 
1,069

Other expense, net
 
(372
)
 
(272
)
 
(721
)
 
(496
)
(Loss) income before income taxes
 
(1,076
)
 
(383
)
 
(2,827
)
 
1,738

Provision for (Benefit from) income taxes
 
482

 
(3,396
)
 
1,837

 
(3,566
)
Net (loss) income
 
(1,558
)
 
3,013

 
(4,664
)
 
5,304

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
 
(766
)
 
(1,881
)
 
(74
)
 
(833
)
Unrealized (loss) gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
 
(3
)
 
88

 
67

 
369

Comprehensive (loss) income
 
$
(2,327
)
 
$
1,220

 
$
(4,671
)
 
$
4,840

Net (loss) income
 
$
(1,558
)
 
$
3,013

 
$
(4,664
)
 
$
5,304

Net (loss) income per share from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
(0.05
)
 
$
0.10

 
$
(0.14
)
 
$
0.18

Diluted
 
$
(0.05
)
 
$
0.09

 
$
(0.14
)
 
$
0.16

Weighted average shares used to compute net (loss) income per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
33,219,487

 
30,210,322

 
32,420,105

 
30,100,162

Diluted
 
33,219,487

 
33,308,193

 
32,420,105

 
33,137,364

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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Table of Contents

Penumbra, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income
 
$
(4,664
)
 
$
5,304

Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
 

 

Depreciation and amortization
 
1,422

 
1,146

Amortization of premium on marketable investments
 
436

 
445

Stock-based compensation
 
8,605

 
6,537

Inventory write downs
 
440

 
824

Deferred taxes
 

 
(207
)
Other
 
367

 
129

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 

 

Accounts receivable
 
(4,551
)
 
(5,058
)
Inventories
 
(6,827
)
 
(12,035
)
Prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets
 
2,903

 
(9,847
)
 Accounts payable
 
293

 
1,330

Accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities
 
4,420

 
3,250

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 
2,844

 
(8,182
)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
 
Purchase of non-marketable investments
 
(5,074
)
 

Purchase of marketable investments
 
(90,384
)
 
(27,467
)
Proceeds from sales of marketable investments
 
28,167

 
2,504

Proceeds from maturities of marketable investments
 
35,669

 
28,962

Purchases of property and equipment
 
(5,364
)
 
(3,695
)
Deposit payments for acquisition
 
(454
)
 

Change in restricted cash
 
(1,714
)
 

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
 
(39,154
)
 
304

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance cost
 
106,265

 

Proceeds from exercises of stock options
 
2,625

 
1,493

Proceeds from issuance of stock under employee stock purchase plan
 
2,914

 
3,783

Payment of employee taxes related to vested restricted stock
 
(9,190
)
 
(1,846
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
 
102,614

 
3,430

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
 
(2,964
)
 
(1,185
)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
63,340

 
(5,633
)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—Beginning of period
 
13,236

 
19,547

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—End of period
 
$
76,576

 
$
13,914

NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
 
Purchase of property and equipment funded through accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
$
411

 
$
560

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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Table of Contents

Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
1. Organization and Description of Business
Penumbra, Inc. (the “Company”) is a global healthcare company focused on interventional therapies. The Company designs, develops, manufactures and markets innovative devices and has a broad portfolio of products that addresses challenging medical conditions and significant clinical needs across two major markets, neuro and peripheral vascular. The conditions that the Company’s products address include, among others, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and various peripheral vascular conditions that can be treated through thrombectomy and embolization procedures.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2017, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date.
 The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary to state fairly the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2017, the results of its operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, and the cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017 or for any other future annual or interim period. Certain changes in presentation were made in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, to conform to the presentation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.
The Company elected to early adopt Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09 in the fourth quarter of 2016 which requires the Company to reflect any adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the interim period of adoption. The impact of adoption was the creation of deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) in the balance sheet and recognition of excess tax benefits in our provision for (benefit from) income taxes rather than paid-in capital for all periods in fiscal year 2016. The Companys adoption of ASU 2016-09 resulted in the recognition of excess tax benefits in the Company’s benefit from income taxes rather than paid-in capital of $2.9 million and $4.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. In addition, the Company elected to apply the presentation requirements for cash flows related to excess tax benefits retrospectively to all periods presented.
Adoption of the new standard resulted in adjustments to our 2016 unaudited selected financial data previously reported in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as follows:
 
June 30, 2016
(In thousands)
As Reported
As Adjusted
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
17,406

$
17,371

Total current assets
$
260,252

$
260,217

Total assets
$
283,979

$
283,944

Additional paid-in-capital
$
266,650

$
262,276

Accumulated deficit
$
(16,510
)
$
(12,171
)
Total stockholders equity
$
247,591

$
247,556

Total liabilities and stockholders equity
$
283,979

$
283,944


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Table of Contents
Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
(In thousands, except percentage and per share amounts)
As Reported
As Adjusted
As Reported
As Adjusted
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes
$
(568
)
$
(3,396
)
$
773

$
(3,566
)
Net income
$
185

$
3,013

$
965

$
5,304

Net income per share from:
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.01

$
0.10

$
0.03

$
0.18

Diluted
$
0.01

$
0.09

$
0.03

$
0.16

Weighted average shares used to compute net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders for:
 
 
 
 
Basic
30,210,322

30,210,322

30,100,162

30,100,162

Diluted
32,693,684

33,308,193

32,542,253

33,137,364

 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
(In thousands)
As Reported
As Adjusted
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow Data:
 
 
Net cash (used in) operating activities
$
(12,555
)
$
(8,182
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
$
7,803

$
3,430

The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company added an accounting policy for non-marketable equity investments. There have been no other changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the significant accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and equity accounts; disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements; and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to marketable investments, provisions for doubtful accounts, sales return reserve, warranty reserve, valuation of inventories, useful lives of property and equipment, income taxes, and contingencies, among others. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other data. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Non-Marketable Equity Investments
Entities in which the Company has at least a 20%, but not more than a 50%, interest are accounted for under the equity method unless it is determined that the Company has a controlling financial interest in the entity, in which case the entity would be consolidated. Non-marketable equity investments are classified as investments and included in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s proportionate share of the operating results of its non-marketable equity method investments are recorded as profit or loss and included as a component of other expense, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. See Note 4 “Balance Sheet Components” for further details.
Segments
The Company determined its operating segment on the same basis that it uses to evaluate its performance internally. The Company has one business activity: the design, development, manufacturing and marketing of innovative medical devices, and operates as one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker, its Chief Executive Officer, reviews its

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Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

operating results for the purpose of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company determines revenue by geographic area, based on the destination to which it ships its products.
Recent Accounting Guidance

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In July 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB”) issued ASU No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which requires an entity to measure most inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value, thereby simplifying the current guidance under which an entity must measure inventory at the lower of cost or market. In January 2017, the Company adopted the standard on a prospective basis and the adoption did not have a material impact on its financial position.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which outlines a comprehensive new revenue recognition model designed to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersPrincipal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which further clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations contained in ASU 2014-09. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersIdentifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which further clarifies the implementation guidance relating to identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with CustomersNarrow-Scope improvements and Practical Expedients, which further clarifies the implementation on narrow scope improvements and practical expedients. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which makes minor corrections or minor improvements to the Codification related to ASU No. 2014-09 that are not expected to have a significant effect on the Companys current accounting practice. These standards will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018 pursuant to ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers-Deferral of the Effective Date, issued by the FASB in August 2015. The Company intends to adopt the new standard on a modified retrospective basis on January 1, 2018. Under this method, the Company will record a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the initial year of adoption. The timing of revenue recognition based on the guidance related to transfer of control may result in acceleration of revenue recognition for some contracts. The Company does not expect the impact of the new standard to be material, but it may result in expanded financial statement disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. As we continue our assessment through the remainder of 2017, our preliminary assessment is subject to change.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which amends the existing accounting standards for leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee will be required to recognize a lease liability and right-of-use asset for all leases with terms in excess of twelve months. The new guidance also modifies the classification criteria and accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases, and requires additional disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. Consistent with current guidance, a lessee’s recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease will continue to depend primarily on its classification. The accounting standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and must be applied using a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. While the Company is continuing to assess all potential impacts of the standard, it expects that most of its lease commitments will be subject to the updated standard and recognized as lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. The standard changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The Company will recognize an allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities rather than deductions in amortized cost. The standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for all periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash, a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. The standard requires companies to include amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the total beginning and end of period amounts

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Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

shown on the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-18 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation - Scope of Modification Accounting. The standard provides clarification on when modification accounting should be used for changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. This standard does not change the accounting for modifications but clarifies that modification accounting guidance should only be applied if there is a change to the value, vesting conditions, or award classification and would not be required if the changes are considered non-substantive. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance will be applied prospectively upon adoption. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements, however the impact to share-based compensation expense will depend on the terms specified in any new changes to share-based payment awards subsequent to the adoption.
3. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance establishes a three-tiered hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The Company classifies its cash equivalents and marketable investments within Level 1 and Level 2, as it uses quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs.
The Company determined the fair value of its Level 1 financial instruments, which are traded in active markets, using quoted market prices for identical instruments.
Financial instruments classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are valued based on other observable inputs, including broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources. When quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are not available, the Company relies on non-binding quotes from its investment managers, which are based on proprietary valuation models of independent pricing services. These models generally use inputs such as observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, historical pricing trends of a security relative to its peers. To validate the fair value determination provided by its investment managers, the Company reviews the pricing movement in the context of overall market trends and trading information from its investment managers. In addition, the Company assesses the inputs and methods used in determining the fair value in order to determine the classification of securities in the fair value hierarchy.
The Company did not own any Level 3 financial assets or liabilities as of June 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.
During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not record impairment charges related to its marketable investments, and the Company did not have any transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
The Company did not have any financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of June 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.

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Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
 
 
As of June 30, 2017
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Total Fair Value
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
 
$

 
$
19,188

 
$
19,188

Money market funds
 
4,546

 

 
4,546

U.S. Treasury
 
4,997

 

 
4,997

U.S. states and municipalities
 

 
6,500

 
6,500

Marketable investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
 

 
24,196

 
24,196

U.S. Treasury
 
8,997

 

 
8,997

U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 

 
6,837

 
6,837

U.S. states and municipalities
 

 
8,256

 
8,256

Corporate bonds
 

 
93,782

 
93,782

Total
 
$
18,540

 
$
158,759


$
177,299

 
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Total Fair Value
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
 
$
873

 
$

 
$
873

Marketable investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
 

 
4,238

 
4,238

U.S. Treasury
 
4,996

 

 
4,996

U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 

 
8,794

 
8,794

U.S. states and municipalities
 

 
27,355

 
27,355

Corporate bonds
 

 
68,925

 
68,925

Non-U.S. government debt securities
 

 
1,209

 
1,209

Total
 
$
5,869

 
$
110,521

 
$
116,390

4. Balance Sheet Components
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
The Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were comprised of the following (in thousands):
 
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Prepaid tax
 
$
1,505

 
$
4,656

Prepaid expenses
 
4,729

 
4,573

Other current assets
 
8,165

 
9,498

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
$
14,399

 
$
18,727




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Table of Contents
Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)


Marketable Investments
The Company’s marketable investments as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):
 
 
June 30, 2017
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Commercial paper
 
$
24,198

 
$
1

 
$
(3
)
 
$
24,196

U.S. Treasury
 
9,003

 

 
(6
)
 
8,997

U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
6,850

 

 
(13
)
 
6,837

U.S. states and municipalities
 
8,263

 

 
(7
)
 
8,256

Corporate bonds
 
93,851

 
35

 
(104
)
 
93,782

Total
 
$
142,165

 
$
36

 
$
(133
)
 
$
142,068

 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Commercial paper
 
$
4,237

 
$
1

 
$

 
$
4,238

U.S. Treasury
 
4,996

 

 

 
4,996

U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
8,803

 
3

 
(12
)
 
8,794

U.S. states and municipalities
 
27,429

 
1

 
(75
)
 
27,355

Corporate bonds
 
69,009

 
36

 
(120
)
 
68,925

Non-U.S. government debt securities
 
1,209

 

 

 
1,209

Total
 
$
115,683

 
$
41

 
$
(207
)
 
$
115,517

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and the fair value for those marketable investments that were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
June 30, 2017
 
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
Commercial paper
 
$
19,769

 
$
(3
)
U.S. Treasury
 
8,997

 
(6
)
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
6,837

 
(13
)
U.S. states and municipalities
 
8,256

 
(7
)
Corporate bonds
 
51,843

 
(104
)
Total
 
$
95,702

 
$
(133
)
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities
 
$
3,291

 
$
(12
)
U.S. states and municipalities
 
22,286

 
(75
)
Corporate bonds
 
29,748

 
(120
)
Total
 
$
55,325

 
$
(207
)

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Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no securities that had been in a loss position for more than twelve months.
The contractual maturities of the Company’s marketable investments as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows (in thousands):
 
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value
Due in less than one year
 
$
121,290

 
$
71,051

Due in one to five years
 
20,778

 
44,466

Total
 
$
142,068

 
$
115,517

 Non-Marketable Equity Investments
In May 2017, the Company and an unrelated third-party formed a privately-held company, MVI Health Inc. (MVI), with each party holding 50% of the issued and outstanding equity of MVI. The Company accounted for its investment under the equity method and is not required to consolidate under the voting model. As of June 30, 2017, the Company determined that MVI was not a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The Company will reassess in subsequent periods whether MVI becomes a VIE due to changes in facts and circumstances, including changes to the sufficiency of the equity investment at risk, management and governance structure or capital structure. As of June 30, 2017, the carrying value of the non-marketable equity investment was approximately $4.9 million, representing the Company’s contributions to MVI offset by the Company’s share of equity method investee losses. The non-marketable equity method investment is included in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company reflects the equity method investee losses as a component of other expense, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. The Company held no non-marketable equity investments in 2016.
Inventories
The components of inventories as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Raw materials
 
$
11,068

 
$
11,367

Work in process
 
3,747

 
3,663

Finished goods
 
66,326

 
57,982

Inventories
 
$
81,141

 
$
73,012

Accrued Liabilities
The following table shows the components of accrued liabilities as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Payroll and employee-related cost
 
$
18,865

 
$
16,956

Sales return reserve
 
2,994

 
2,753

Preclinical and clinical trial cost
 
1,305

 
2,054

Royalty
 
1,165

 
802

Product warranty
 
1,037

 
1,254

Other accrued liabilities
 
7,811

 
7,871

Total accrued liabilities
 
$
33,177

 
$
31,690


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Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

The estimated product warranty accrual as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows (in thousands):
 
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Balance at the beginning of the period
 
$
1,254

 
$
713

Accruals of warranties issued
 
142

 
1,176

Settlements of warranty claims
 
(359
)
 
(635
)
Balance at the end of the period
 
$
1,037

 
$
1,254

5. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Commitments
The Company leases its offices under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various dates from 2029 to 2031. Rent expense for non-cancelable operating leases with scheduled rent increases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rent expense for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively and for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $2.9 million and $2.4 million, respectively. In addition, the Company’s lease commitments also require it to make additional payments during the lease term for taxes, insurance and other operating expenses. The Company leases its other equipment under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various dates through 2021.
Royalty Obligations
In March 2005, the Company entered into a license agreement that requires the Company to make minimum royalty payments to the licensor on a quarterly basis. As of both June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the license agreement required minimum annual royalty payments of $0.1 million in equal quarterly installments. On each January 1, the quarterly calendar year minimum royalty will be adjusted to equal the prior year’s minimum royalty adjusted by a percentage equal to the percentage change in the “consumer price index for all urban consumers” for the prior calendar year as reported by the U.S. Department of Labor. Unless terminated earlier, the term of the license agreement will continue until the expiration of the last to expire patent that covers that licensed product or 2022, whichever is longer.
In April 2012, the Company entered into an agreement that requires the Company to pay, on a quarterly basis, a 5% royalty on sales of products covered under applicable patents. Unless the agreement is terminated earlier, the royalty term for each applicable product will continue until the expirations of the applicable patent covering such product or 2029, whichever is longer.
In November 2013, the Company entered into an agreement that requires the Company to pay, on a quarterly basis, a 3% royalty on the first $5 million in sales and a 1% royalty on sales thereafter of products covered under applicable patents. Unless the agreement is terminated earlier, the royalty for each covered product shall continue until 2030.
In April 2015, the Company entered into a royalty agreement that requires the Company to pay, on a quarterly basis, a 2% royalty on sales of certain products covered by the agreement. Unless the royalty agreement is terminated earlier, the royalty term for each covered product shall continue until 2035.
Royalty expense included in cost of revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively and for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $2.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively.
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated.
Indemnification
The Company enters into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business. In many such arrangements, the Company agrees to indemnify, hold harmless, and reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified parties in connection with any trade secret, copyright, patent or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third-party with respect to the Company’s technology. The Company also agrees to indemnify many

12

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Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

purchasers for product defect and similar claims. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but have not yet been made.
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual.
The Company has not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. No liability associated with any of these indemnification requirements has been recorded to date.
Litigation
The Company was contacted in 2015 by the attorney for a potential product liability claimant who allegedly suffered injuries as a result of an aneurysm procedure in which the Penumbra Coil 400 was used. On February 19, 2016, a complaint for damages was filed on behalf of this claimant against Penumbra and the hospital involved in the procedure (Montgomery v. Penumbra, Inc., et al., Case No. 16-2-04050-1 SEA, Superior Court of the State of Washington, King County). The suit alleges liability primarily under the Washington Product Liability Act (“WPLA”) and sought both compensatory and punitive damages without a specific damages claim. Based on the Company’s preliminary motion, the punitive damages claim was dismissed in May 2016, along with several of the other causes of action subsumed by the WPLA. In recent submissions, plaintiffs claim economic damages in the $4-6 million range and non-economic damages of at least $20 million. These amounts are substantially in excess of the Company’s insurance coverage. The case is in the discovery phase, and trial is currently set for January 2018. The Company will continue to vigorously defend the litigation, as the Company believes there are substantial questions regarding causation, liability and damages.If the case proceeds to trial, the results of any jury trial and the damages that a jury might award are inherently uncertain.
From time to time, the Company is subject to other claims and assessments in the ordinary course of business. The Company is not currently a party to any such litigation matter that, individually or in the aggregate, is expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
6. Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
In March 2017, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 1,495,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $76.00 per share, less the underwriters’ discounts and commissions, pursuant to an underwritten public offering. The Company received approximately $106.3 million in net cash proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $6.8 million and other offering expenses of $0.5 million.
Equity Incentive Plans
Stock Options
Activity of stock options under the Penumbra, Inc. 2005 Stock Plan, the Penumbra, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan and the Amended and Restated Penumbra, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (collectively the “Plans”) during the six months ended June 30, 2017 is set forth below:
 
 
Number
of Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Balance at December 31, 2016
 
2,876,955

 
$
14.63

Options exercised
 
(543,972
)
 
4.79

Options canceled
 
(2,276
)
 
15.95

Balance at June 30, 2017
 
2,330,707

 
16.93

 

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Table of Contents
Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units
The following table summarizes the activity of unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units under the Plans during the six months ended June 30, 2017 is set forth below: 
 
 
Number
of Shares
 
Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2016
 
1,002,944

 
$
29.44

Granted
 
77,399

 
78.16

Vested
 
(280,262
)
 
17.14

Canceled/Forfeited
 
(18,625
)
 
42.43

Unvested and expected to vest at June 30, 2017
 
781,456

 
38.37

Stock-based Compensation
The following table sets forth the stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Cost of revenue
 
$
191

 
$
651

 
$
501

 
$
660

Research and development
 
308

 
281

 
561

 
539

Sales, general and administrative
 
4,094

 
2,590

 
7,543

 
5,338

Total
 
$
4,593

 
$
3,522

 
$
8,605

 
$
6,537

As of June 30, 2017, total unrecognized compensation cost was $32.9 million related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.
The total stock-based compensation cost capitalized in inventory was $0.3 million and $0.4 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
7. Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Other comprehensive income consists of two components: unrealized gains or losses on the Company’s available-for-sale marketable investments, and gains or losses from foreign currency translation adjustments. Until realized and reported as a component of net income, these comprehensive income items accumulate and are included within accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. Unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s marketable investments are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income into earnings when realized upon sale, and are determined based on specific identification of securities sold. Gains and losses from the translation of assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income.

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Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the changes in the accumulated balances during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, and includes information regarding the manner in which the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income into earnings affect the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
 
 
 Marketable
Investments
 
 Currency Translation
Adjustments
 
 Total
 
 Marketable
Investments
 
 Currency Translation
Adjustments
 
 Total
Balance at beginning of the period
 
$
(35
)
 
$
(3,891
)
 
$
(3,926
)
 
$
118

 
$
(904
)
 
$
(786
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains —marketable investments
 
2

 

 
2

 
138

 

 
138

Foreign currency translation losses
 

 
(766
)
 
(766
)
 

 
(1,875
)
 
(1,875
)
Income tax effect—expense
 

 

 

 
(49
)
 
(6
)
 
(55
)
Net of tax
 
2

 
(766
)
 
(764
)
 
89

 
(1,881
)
 
(1,792
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gains—marketable investments
 
(5
)
 

 
(5
)
 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Income tax effect—benefit
 

 

 

 
1

 

 
1

Net of tax
 
(5
)
 

 
(5
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Net current-year other comprehensive (loss) income
 
(3
)
 
(766
)
 
(769
)
 
88

 
(1,881
)
 
(1,793
)
Balance at end of the period
 
$
(38
)
 
$
(4,657
)
 
$
(4,695
)
 
$
206

 
$
(2,785
)
 
$
(2,579
)
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
 
 
 Marketable
Investments
 
 Currency Translation
Adjustments
 
 Total
 
 Marketable
Investments
 
 Currency Translation
Adjustments
 
 Total
Balance at beginning of the period
 
$
(105
)
 
$
(4,583
)
 
$
(4,688
)
 
$
(163
)
 
$
(1,952
)
 
$
(2,115
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains —marketable investments
 
103

 

 
103

 
580

 

 
580

Foreign currency translation losses
 

 
(74
)
 
(74
)
 

 
(832
)
 
(832
)
Income tax effect—expense
 

 

 

 
(209
)
 
(1
)
 
(210
)
Net of tax
 
103

 
(74
)
 
29

 
371

 
(833
)
 
(462
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gains—marketable investments
 
(36
)
 

 
(36
)
 
(3
)
 

 
(3
)
Income tax effect—benefit
 

 

 

 
1

 

 
1

Net of tax
 
(36
)
 

 
(36
)
 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Net current-year other comprehensive income (loss)
 
67

 
(74
)
 
(7
)
 
369

 
(833
)
 
(464
)
Balance at end of the period
 
$
(38
)
 
$
(4,657
)
 
$
(4,695
)
 
$
206

 
$
(2,785
)
 
$
(2,579
)

8. Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax expense, DTAs and liabilities, and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated current and future taxes to be paid. The Company is subject to income taxes in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense.
During interim periods, the Company generally utilizes the estimated annual effective tax rate method which involves the use of forecasted information. Under this method, the provision is calculated by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to “ordinary” income or loss (pretax income or loss excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items) for the reporting period. Jurisdictions with tax assets for which the Company believes a tax benefit cannot be realized are excluded from the computation of its annual effective tax rate. The Company’s effective tax rate changed to (44.8)% for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to 886.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2016. The Company’s effective tax rate changed to (65.0)% for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to (205.2)% for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The change in rate for both reporting periods was primarily attributable to excluding the tax

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Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

benefits associated with the Company’s U.S. jurisdiction due to the partial valuation allowance recorded against its domestic DTAs as of June 30, 2017, and the year-to-date tax impact associated with intra-entity asset transfers. The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 include the retroactive adoption of ASU 2016-09.
The Company generated significant domestic DTAs in the year ended December 31, 2016 and six month period ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to the excess tax benefits from stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock upon application of ASU 2016-09. The Company assessed its ability to realize the benefits of its domestic DTAs prior to expiration by evaluating all available positive and negative evidence, objective and subjective in nature, including (1) cumulative results of operations in recent years, (2) sources of recent pre-tax losses, (3) estimates of future taxable income, (4) the length of net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforward periods, and (5) the ability to carry back losses to prior years. The Company determined it would be in a three-year cumulative taxable income position, had it not been for the impact of excess tax deductions from stock-based compensation under ASU 2016-09, and attributes recent period operating losses to operating expenses incurred to invest in the future growth of the business. The Company also measured its current DTA balances against estimates of future income based on objectively verifiable operating results from the Company’s recent history, as well as estimates of future income that incorporates the Company’s forecasted operating results for fiscal 2017.
Due to the significant amount of additional stock-based compensation excess tax deductions available upon adoption of ASU 2016-9, the Company could not conclude, at the required more-likely-than-not level of certainty, that sufficient taxable income will be generated to realize the full benefit of its domestic DTAs as of June 30, 2017 prior to expiration. As such, a partial valuation allowance was recorded against the Company’s domestic DTAs as of June 30, 2017 in the amount of $16.8 million, which was approximately the same amount as the stock-based compensation excess tax benefits created during the six months ended June 30, 2017. The Company will continue to closely monitor the need for an additional valuation allowance against its existing domestic DTAs and any additional DTAs that are generated in each subsequent reporting period, which can be impacted by actual operating results compared to the Company’s forecast.
Consistent with prior periods, the Company maintained a full valuation allowance against its California and Canada DTAs as of June 30, 2017.
9. Net (Loss) Income per Share
The Company’s basic net income per share is calculated by dividing the net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The diluted net (loss) income per share is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, options to purchase common stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock through the Company’s employee stock purchase plan are considered common stock equivalents.
A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of the basic and diluted net (loss) income per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net (loss) income per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (loss) income—basic and diluted
 
$
(1,558
)
 
$
3,013

 
$
(4,664
)
 
$
5,304

Denominator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares used to compute net (loss) income
—Basic
 
33,219,487

 
30,210,322

 
32,420,105

 
30,100,162

Potential dilutive stock-based awards, as calculated using treasury stock method
 

 
3,097,871

 

 
3,037,202

Weighted average shares used to compute net income
—Diluted
 
33,219,487

 
33,308,193

 
32,420,105

 
33,137,364

Net (loss) income per share from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
(0.05
)
 
$
0.10

 
$
(0.14
)
 
$
0.18

Diluted
 
$
(0.05
)
 
$
0.09

 
$
(0.14
)
 
$
0.16


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Penumbra, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

Outstanding stock-based awards of 3.2 million and 15,210 shares for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and 3.2 million and 37,634 shares for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
10. Subsequent Event
On July 3, 2017, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Crossmed S.p.a. (“Crossmed”), a joint stock company organized under the laws of Italy engaged in the business of distributing medical supplies and equipment in Italy, San Marino, the Vatican, and Switzerland. The Company acquired Crossmed for an initial purchase price of €8.2 million in cash, or approximately $9.3 million, subject to customary post-closing adjustments for working capital and financial debt. The Company will pay additional consideration in the form of milestone payments based on Crossmed’s net revenue, and may pay additional consideration based on incremental net revenue, for each of the years ending December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. The required disclosures have not been provided as the Company is currently in the process of completing the accounting for this transaction due to the timing of the acquisition. The Company expects to complete the preliminary allocation of the purchase consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the pro forma impact of this acquisition by the end of its third quarter of fiscal 2017.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 28, 2017.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “should,” “estimate,” or “continue,” and similar expressions or variations. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q represent our views as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as may be required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements or the reasons that results could differ from these forward-looking statements. You should, therefore, not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Overview
Penumbra (“we,” “our,” “us,” “Penumbra,” and the “Company”) is a global healthcare company focused on interventional therapies. We design, develop, manufacture and market innovative devices and have a broad portfolio of products that addresses challenging medical conditions and significant clinical needs across two major markets, neuro and peripheral vascular. The conditions that our products address include, among others, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and various peripheral vascular conditions that can be treated through thrombectomy and embolization procedures.
Our team focuses on developing, manufacturing and marketing products for use by specialist physicians, including interventional neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, interventional neurologists, interventional radiologists and vascular surgeons. We design our products to provide these specialist physicians with a means to drive improved clinical outcomes, and we believe that the cost-effectiveness of our products is attractive to our hospital customers.
Since our founding in 2004, we have invested heavily in our product development capabilities in our two key markets: neuro and peripheral vascular. We launched our first neurovascular product in 2007, our first peripheral vascular product in 2013 and our first neurosurgical product in 2014. To date, we have launched 16 product brands, and we expect to continue to develop and build our portfolio of products based on our thrombectomy, embolization and access technologies. Generally, when we introduce a next generation product or a new product designed to replace a current product, sales of the earlier generation product or the product replaced decline. Our research and development activities are centered around the development of new products and clinical activities designed to support our regulatory submissions and demonstrate the effectiveness of our products.
To address the challenging and significant clinical needs of our two key markets, we developed products that fall into the following broad product offering families:
Our neuro products fall into four broad product families:
neuro thrombectomy - the Penumbra System, consisting of reperfusion catheters and separators, aspiration tubing and aspiration pump, and the 3D revascularization device
neuro embolization - Penumbra Coil 400 and Penumbra SMART COIL
neuro access - Delivery catheter consist of Neuron, Neuron MAX, Select, BENCHMARK, DDC and microcatheters consist of PX Slim and Velocity
neurosurgical - Apollo System
Our peripheral products fall into two broad product families:
peripheral thrombectomy - the Indigo System, which includes aspiration catheters, separators, aspiration pump and accessories
peripheral embolization - the Ruby Coil System, POD System, POD Packing Coil, and the Penumbra LANTERN Delivery Microcatheter

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We sell our products to hospitals primarily through our direct sales organization in the United States, most of Europe, Canada and Australia, as well as through distributors in select international markets. In the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, 33.7% and 32.4% of our revenue, respectively, was generated from customers located outside of the United States. Our sales outside of the United States are denominated principally in euro and Japanese yen, with some sales being denominated in other currencies. As a result, we have foreign exchange exposure, but do not currently engage in hedging.
We generated revenue of $153.8 million and $123.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. This represents an increase of 25.0%. We generated an operating loss of $3.4 million and operating income of $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Factors Affecting Our Performance
There are a number of factors that have impacted, and we believe will continue to impact, our results of operations and growth. These factors include: 
The rate at which we grow our salesforce and the speed at which newly hired salespeople become fully effective can impact our revenue growth or our costs incurred in anticipation of such growth.
Our industry is intensely competitive and, in particular, we compete with a number of large, well-capitalized companies. We must continue to successfully compete in light of our competitors’ existing and future products and their resources to successfully market to the specialist physicians who use our products.
We must continue to successfully introduce new products that gain acceptance with specialist physicians and successfully transition from existing products to new products, ensuring adequate supply while avoiding excess inventory of older products and resulting inventory write-downs or write-offs. In addition, as we introduce new products, we generally hire and train additional personnel and build our inventory of components and finished goods in advance of sales, which may cause quarterly fluctuations in our financial condition.
Publications of clinical results by us, our competitors and other third parties can have a significant influence on whether, and the degree to which, our products are used by specialist physicians and the procedures and treatments those physicians choose to administer for a given condition.
The specialist physicians who use our products may not perform procedures during certain times of the year, such as those periods when they are at major medical conferences or are away from their practices for other reasons, the timing of which occurs irregularly during the year and from year to year.
In addition, we have experienced and expect to continue to experience meaningful variability in our quarterly revenue, gross profit and gross margin percentage as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to: the number of available selling days, which can be impacted by holidays; the mix of products sold; the geographic mix of where products are sold; the demand for our products and the products of our competitors; the timing of or failure to obtain regulatory approvals or clearances for products; increased competition; the timing of customer orders; inventory write-offs and write-downs; costs, benefits and timing of new product introductions; the availability and cost of components and raw materials; and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We experience quarters in which we have significant revenue growth sequentially followed by quarters of moderate or no revenue growth. Additionally, we experience quarters in which operating expenses, in particular research and development expenses, fluctuate depending on the stage and timing of product development.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue. We sell our products directly to hospitals and through distributors for use in procedures performed by specialist physicians to treat patients in two key markets: neuro and peripheral vascular disease. We sell our products through purchase orders, and we do not have long term purchase commitments from our customers. We typically recognize revenue when products are delivered to our hospital customers or distributors. However, with respect to products that we consign to hospitals, which primarily consist of coils, we recognize revenue at the time hospitals utilize products in a procedure. Revenue also includes shipping and handling costs that we charge to customers.
Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue consists primarily of the cost of raw materials and components, personnel costs, including stock-based compensation, inbound freight charges, receiving costs, inspection and testing costs, warehousing costs, royalty expense, shipping and handling costs and other labor and overhead costs incurred in the manufacturing of products. We manufacture substantially all of our products in our manufacturing facility at our campus in Alameda, California.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development (R&D). R&D expenses primarily consist of product development, clinical and regulatory expenses, materials, depreciation and other costs associated with the development of our products. R&D expenses also include salaries,

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benefits and other related costs, including stock-based compensation, for personnel and consultants. We expense R&D costs as they are incurred.
We expect our R&D expenses to continue to increase as we innovate and develop new products, add personnel, engage in ongoing clinical research and expand our information technologies.
Sales, General and Administrative (SG&A). SG&A expenses primarily consist of salaries, benefits and other related costs, including stock-based compensation, for personnel and consultants engaged in sales, marketing, finance, legal, compliance, administrative, facilities and information technology and human resource activities. Our SG&A expenses also include marketing trials, medical education, training and commissions, generally based on a percentage of sales, to direct sales representatives.
We expect our SG&A expenses to continue to increase as we expand our marketing programs, information technologies, operations and salesforce.
Income Tax Expense. We are taxed at the rates applicable within each jurisdiction in which we operate. The composite income tax rate, tax provisions, DTAs and deferred tax liabilities will vary according to the jurisdiction in which profits arise. Tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by management and the respective governmental taxing authorities, and require us to exercise judgment in determining our income tax provision, our DTAs and deferred tax liabilities and the potential valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined using the enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized. A valuation allowance is established when it is more likely than not that the future realization of all or some of the DTAs will not be achieved.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the components of our condensed consolidated statements of operations in dollars and as a percentage of revenue for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Revenue
$
80,589

 
100.0
 %
 
$
65,106

 
100.0
 %
 
$
153,802

 
100.0
 %
 
$
123,025

 
100.0
 %
Cost of revenue
29,660

 
36.8
 %
 
23,636

 
36.3
 %
 
55,164

 
35.9
 %
 
41,650

 
33.9
 %
Gross profit
50,929

 
63.2
 %
 
41,470

 
63.7
 %
 
98,638

 
64.1
 %
 
81,375

 
66.1
 %
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
8,094

 
10.0
 %
 
6,264

 
9.6
 %
 
15,128

 
9.8
 %
 
11,265

 
9.2
 %
Sales, general and administrative
44,163

 
54.8
 %
 
35,876

 
55.1
 %
 
86,884

 
56.5
 %
 
68,945

 
56.0
 %
Total operating expenses
52,257

 
64.8
 %
 
42,140

 
64.7
 %
 
102,012

 
66.3
 %
 
80,210

 
65.2
 %
(Loss) Income from operations
(1,328
)
 
(1.6
)%
 
(670
)
 
(1.0
)%
 
(3,374
)
 
(2.2
)%
 
1,165

 
0.9
 %
Interest income, net
624

 
0.8
 %
 
559

 
0.9
 %
 
1,268

 
0.8
 %
 
1,069

 
0.9
 %
Other expense, net
(372
)
 
(0.5
)%
 
(272
)
 
(0.4
)%
 
(721
)
 
(0.5
)%
 
(496
)
 
(0.4
)%
(Loss) Income before income taxes
(1,076
)
 
(1.3
)%
 
(383
)
 
(0.6
)%
 
(2,827
)
 
(1.8
)%
 
1,738

 
1.4
 %
Provision for (Benefit from) income taxes
482

 
0.6
 %
 
(3,396
)
 
(5.2
)%
 
1,837

 
1.2
 %
 
(3,566
)
 
(2.9
)%
Net (loss) income
$
(1,558
)
 
(1.9
)%
 
$
3,013

 
4.6
 %
 
$
(4,664
)
 
(3.0
)%
 
$
5,304

 
4.3
 %

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Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
Revenue
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Neuro
$
56,203

 
$
45,362

 
$
10,841

 
23.9
%
Peripheral Vascular
24,386

 
19,744

 
4,642

 
23.5
%
Total
$
80,589

 
$
65,106

 
$
15,483

 
23.8
%
Revenue increased $15.5 million, or 23.8%, to $80.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017, from $65.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2016. Our revenue growth resulted from further market penetration of our existing products and sales of new products or products with new indications. Increased sales within our neuro and peripheral vascular businesses accounted for approximately 70% and 30% of the revenue increase, respectively, in the three months ended June 30, 2017.
Revenue from our neuro products increased $10.8 million, or 23.9%, to $56.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017, from $45.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2016. This was primarily attributable to increased sales of our Penumbra System and neuro embolization products, which accounted for slightly more than 60% and approximately 20% of the neuro revenue increase, respectively. Our neuro product sales experienced strong momentum due to further market penetration and growth in the market for endovascular treatment of stroke. The overall market growth has led to increases in the number of procedures performed by specialist physicians using our products. Further, there was greater demand for our neuro embolization products, which can fluctuate from period to period due to the number of procedures performed. Prices for our neuro products remained substantially unchanged during the period.
Revenue from our peripheral vascular products increased $4.6 million, or 23.5%, to $24.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017, from $19.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2016. This was primarily attributable to increased sales of our Indigo System products which accounted for approximately half of the peripheral vascular revenue increase in the three months ended June 30, 2017. This increase was driven by further market penetration which led to increases in the number of procedures performed by specialist physicians using our products. Prices for our peripheral vascular products remained substantially unchanged during the period.
Revenue by Geographic Area
The following table presents revenue by geographic area and from countries that exceeded 10% of our total revenue, based on our customer’s shipping destination, for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Change
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)
United States
 
$
53,420

 
66.3
%
 
$
43,692

 
67.1
%
 
$
9,728

 
22.3
%
Japan
 
8,342

 
10.4
%
 
6,570

 
10.1
%
 
1,772

 
27.0
%
Other International
 
18,827

 
23.3
%
 
14,844

 
22.8
%
 
3,983

 
26.8
%
Total
 
$
80,589

 
100.0
%
 
$
65,106

 
100.0
%
 
$
15,483

 
23.8
%
Revenue from sales in international markets increased $5.8 million, or 26.9%, to $27.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017, from $21.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2016. Revenue from international sales represented 33.7% and 32.9% of our total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Gross Margin
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Cost of revenue
$
29,660

 
$
23,636

 
$
6,024

 
25.5
%
Gross profit
$
50,929

 
$
41,470

 
$
9,459

 
22.8
%
Gross margin %
63.2
%
 
63.7
%
 
 
 
 

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Gross margin remained relatively flat, decreasing by 0.5 percentage points to 63.2% in the three months ended June 30, 2017, from 63.7% in the three months ended June 30, 2016.
Research and Development (R&D)
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)
R&D
$
8,094

 
$
6,264

 
$
1,830

 
29.2
%
R&D as a percentage of revenue
10.0
%
 
9.6
%
 
 
 
 
R&D expenses increased by $1.8 million, or 29.2%, to $8.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017, from $6.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to a $1.6 million increase in product development, testing and clinical trial costs and a $0.7 million increase in personnel-related expenses. This was partially offset by a $0.3 million decrease in consultant and contractor expenses.
Sales, General and Administrative (SG&A)
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)
SG&A
$
44,163

 
$
35,876

 
$
8,287

 
23.1
%
SG&A as a percentage of revenue
54.8
%
 
55.1
%
 
 
 
 
SG&A expenses increased by $8.3 million, or 23.1%, to $44.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017, from $35.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to a $9.1 million increase in personnel-related expenses largely attributable to an increase in headcount to support our growth. This was partially offset by a $0.5 million decrease in marketing research costs and a $0.4 million decrease in legal, accounting and other services.
Provision for Income Taxes
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Provision for (Benefit from) income taxes
$
482

 
$
(3,396
)
 
$
3,878

 
114.2
%
Effective tax rate
(44.8
)%
 
886.7
%
 
 
 
 
Our provision for our income taxes increased $3.9 million, to $0.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017, from $3.4 million of tax benefit in the three months ended June 30, 2016. Our effective tax rate changed to (44.8)% for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to 886.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2016. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2016 includes the retroactive adoption of ASU 2016-09. The change in rate was primarily attributable to the exclusion of tax benefits attributable to our U.S. jurisdiction due to the partial valuation allowance recorded against our domestic DTAs as of June 30, 2017, but including tax benefits attributable to our domestic DTAs as of December 31, 2016, and the tax impact associated with intra-entity asset transfers.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
Revenue
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Neuro
$
106,452

 
$
86,646

 
$
19,806

 
22.9
%
Peripheral Vascular
47,350

 
36,379

 
10,971

 
30.2
%
Total
$
153,802

 
$
123,025

 
$
30,777

 
25.0
%
Revenue increased $30.8 million, or 25.0%, to $153.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017, from $123.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2016. Our revenue growth resulted from further market penetration of our existing products and sales of new products or products with new indications. Increased sales within our neuro and peripheral vascular businesses

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accounted for slightly more than 60% and slightly less than 40% of the revenue increase, respectively, in the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Revenue from our neuro products increased $19.8 million, or 22.9%, to $106.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017, from $86.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2016. This was primarily attributable to increased sales of our Penumbra System and neuro embolization products which accounted for slightly less than 60% and approximately 20% of the neuro revenue increase, respectively. Our neuro product sales experienced strong momentum due to further market penetration and growth in the market for endovascular treatment of stroke. The overall market growth has led to increases in the number of procedures performed by specialist physicians using our products. Further, there was greater demand for our neuro embolization products which can fluctuate from period to period due to the number of procedures performed in a given period using our products. Prices for our neuro products remained substantially unchanged during the period.
Revenue from our peripheral vascular products increased $11.0 million, or 30.2%, to $47.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017, from $36.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2016. This was primarily attributable to increased sales of Indigo System products, which accounted for slightly more than half of the peripheral vascular revenue increase. This increase was driven by further market penetration which led to increases in the number of procedures performed by specialist physicians using our products. Prices for our peripheral vascular products remained substantially unchanged during the period.
Revenue by Geographic Area
The following table presents revenue by geographic area and from countries that exceeded 10% of our total revenue, based on our customer’s shipping destination, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016:
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Change
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)

United States
 
$
101,907

 
66.3
%
 
$
83,104

 
67.6
%
 
$
18,803

 
22.6
%
Japan
 
15,984

 
10.4
%
 
12,730

 
10.3
%
 
3,254

 
25.6
%
Other International
 
35,911

 
23.3
%
 
27,191

 
22.1
%
 
8,720

 
32.1
%
Total
 
$
153,802

 
100.0
%
 
$
123,025

 
100.0
%
 
$
30,777

 
25.0
%
Revenue from sales in international markets increased $12.0 million, or 30.0%, to $51.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017, from $39.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2016. Revenue from international sales represented 33.7% and 32.4% of our total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Gross Margin
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Cost of revenue
$
55,164

 
$
41,650

 
$
13,514

 
32.4
%
Gross profit
$
98,638

 
$
81,375

 
$
17,263

 
21.2
%
Gross margin %
64.1
%
 
66.1
%
 
 
 
 
Gross margin decreased 2.0 percentage points to 64.1% in the six months ended June 30, 2017, from 66.1% in the six months ended June 30, 2016. The decrease in gross margin was primarily due to new product launches, additional costs associated with hiring new personnel and product and geographic mix.
Research and Development (R&D)
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)
R&D
$
15,128

 
$
11,265

 
$
3,863

 
34.3
%
R&D as a percentage of revenue
9.8
%
 
9.2
%
 
 
 
 
R&D expenses increased by $3.9 million, or 34.3%, to $15.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017, from $11.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to a $3.2 million increase in product

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development, testing and clinical trial costs and a $1.3 million increase in personnel-related expenses. This was partially offset by a $0.3 million decrease in consultant and contractor expenses and a $0.2 million decrease in outside services.
Sales, General and Administrative (SG&A)
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)
SG&A
$
86,884

 
$
68,945

 
$
17,939

 
26.0
%
SG&A as a percentage of revenue
56.5
%
 
56.0
%
 
 
 
 
SG&A expenses increased by $17.9 million, or 26.0%, to $86.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017, from $68.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to a $16.3 million increase in personnel-related expense due to an increase in headcount to support our growth and a $1.2 million increase related to marketing events. This increase was partially offset by a $0.5 million decrease in marketing research costs.
Provision for Income Taxes 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Provision for (Benefit from) income taxes
$
1,837

 
$
(3,566
)
 
$
5,403

 
151.5
%
Effective tax rate
(65.0
)%
 
(205.2
)%
 
 
 
 
Our provision for income taxes increased $5.4 million, to $1.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017, from $3.6 million of tax benefit in the six months ended June 30, 2016. Our effective tax rate changed to (65.0)% for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to (205.2)% for the six months ended June 30, 2016. Our effective rate for the six months ended June 30, 2016 includes the retroactive adoption of ASU 2016-09. The change in rate was primarily attributable to the exclusion of tax benefits attributable to our US jurisdiction due to the partial valuation allowance recorded against our domestic DTAs as of June 30, 2017, but including tax benefits attributable to our domestic DTAs as of December 31, 2016 and the tax impact from recognizing the deferred tax assets associated with intra-entity asset transfers.
Prospectively, our effective tax rate will likely be driven by (1) exclusion of the tax benefits attributable to the U.S. jurisdiction due to valuation allowances recorded against domestic DTAs generated in subsequent periods, (2) tax expense associated with our foreign operations and, (3) tax impact associated with intra-entity asset transfers.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of June 30, 2017, we had $327.2 million in working capital, which included $76.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, $142.1 million in marketable investments, and $1.8 million in restricted cash. As of June 30, 2017, we held approximately 15.2% of our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in foreign banks.
In March 2017, we issued and sold an aggregate of 1,495,000 shares of our common stock at public offering price of $76.00 per share, less the underwriters’ discounts and commissions, pursuant to an underwritten public offering. We received approximately $106.3 million in net cash proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $6.8 million and other offering expenses of $0.5 million. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital, continued development of our products, including research and development and clinical trials, potential acquisitions and other business opportunities. Pending the use of the net proceeds from this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds in investment grade, interest bearing securities.
In addition to our existing cash and cash equivalents and marketable investment balances, our principal source of liquidity is our accounts receivable. We believe these sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our principal liquidity requirements are to fund our operations, including our research and development, and capital expenditures. We may also lease or purchase additional facilities to facilitate our growth. We expect to continue to make investments as we launch new products, expand our manufacturing operations and further expand into international markets. We may, however, require or elect to secure additional financing as we continue to execute our business strategy. If we require or elect to raise additional funds, we may do so through equity or debt financing, which may not be available on favorable terms, could result in dilution to our stockholders and could require us to agree to covenants that limit our operating flexibility.

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The following table summarizes cash and cash equivalents, marketable investments and selected working capital data as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
 
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
76,576

 
$
13,236

Marketable investments
142,068

 
115,517

Accounts receivable, net
48,714

 
43,335

Accounts payable
4,334

 
4,110

Accrued liabilities
33,177

 
31,690

Working capital(1)
327,206

 
228,027

__________________
(1) 
Working capital consists of total current assets less total current liabilities.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our beginning balance of cash and cash equivalents, net cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities and our ending balance of cash and cash equivalents:
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
$
13,236

 
$
19,547

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
2,844

 
(8,182
)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
(39,154
)
 
304

Net cash provided by financing activities
102,614

 
3,430

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
76,576

 
13,914

Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities consists primarily of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items (including depreciation and amortization, inventory write downs, stock-based compensation expense, amortization of premium on marketable investments and changes in deferred tax balances), and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $2.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and consisted of net loss of $4.7 million and non-cash items of $11.3 million, offset by net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $3.8 million. The change in operating assets and liabilities include the increase in inventories of $6.8 million to support our revenue growth and an increase in accounts receivable of $4.6 million, partially offset by an increase in accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities of $4.4 million, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets of $2.9 million and an increase in accounts payable of $0.3 million, as a result of the growth in our business activities.
Net cash used in operating activities was $8.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and consisted of net income of $5.3 million and non-cash items of $8.9 million offset by net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $22.4 million. The change in operating assets and liabilities include the increase in inventories of $12.0 million to support our revenue growth, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets of $9.8 million and an increase in accounts receivable of $5.1 million, partially offset by an increase in accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities of $3.3 million and accounts payable of $1.3 million, as a result of the growth in our business activities.
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities relates primarily to proceeds from sales or maturities of marketable investments, offset by purchases of marketable investments, non-marketable investments and capital expenditures.
Net cash used in investing activities was $39.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and consisted of net purchases from sales and maturities of marketable investments of $26.5 million, capital expenditures of $5.4 million, purchase of non-marketable investments of $5.1 million, changes in restricted cash of $1.7 million, and deposit payments for acquisition of $0.5 million.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $0.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and consisted of net proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable investments of $4.0 million, offset by capital expenditures of $3.7 million.

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Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities primarily relates to capital raising activities through equity or debt financing.
Financing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2017 provided net cash of $102.6 million due to proceeds from issuance of common stock net of issuance cost of $106.3 million, proceeds from issuance of stock under our employee stock purchase plan of $2.9 million and proceeds from exercises of stock options of $2.6 million. This was partially offset by payment of employee taxes related to vested restricted stock of $9.2 million.
Financing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2016 provided net cash of $3.4 million due to proceeds from issuance of stock under our employee stock purchase plan of $3.8 million, proceeds from exercises of stock options of $1.5 million, partially offset by payment of employee taxes related to vested restricted stock of $1.8 million.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Our contractual obligations and commitments as of June 30, 2017 have not materially changed from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements or any holdings in variable interest entities.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We have prepared our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses, and related disclosures at the date of the financial statements, as well as revenue and expenses recorded during the reporting periods. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could therefore differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies from those described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
For information with respect to recently issued accounting standards and the impact of these standards on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
We are exposed to various market risks, which may result in potential losses arising from adverse changes in market rates, such as interest rates and foreign exchange rates. We do not enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes and do not believe we are exposed to material market risk with respect to our cash and cash equivalents and/or our marketable investments.
Interest Rate Risk. We had cash and cash equivalents of $76.6 million as of June 30, 2017, which consisted of funds held in general checking and savings accounts. In addition, we had marketable investments of $142.1 million, which consisted primarily of commercial paper, corporate bonds, non-U.S. government debt securities, U.S. agency and government sponsored securities, U.S. states and municipalities and U.S. Treasury. Our investment policy is focused on the preservation of capital and supporting our liquidity needs. Under the policy, we invest in highly rated securities, while limiting the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer other than the U.S. government. We do not invest in financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes, nor do we use leveraged financial instruments. We utilize external investment managers who adhere to the guidelines of our investment policy. A hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates would not have a material impact on the value of our cash and cash equivalents or marketable investments.
Foreign Exchange Risk Management. We operate in countries other than the United States, and, therefore, we are exposed to foreign currency risks. We bill most sales outside of the United States in local currencies, primarily euro and Japanese yen, with some sales being denominated in other currencies. We expect that the percentage of our sales denominated in foreign currencies may increase in the foreseeable future as we continue to expand into international markets. When sales or expenses are not denominated in U.S. dollars, a fluctuation in exchange rates could affect our net income. We do not believe our net income would be materially impacted by an immediate 10% adverse change in foreign exchange rates. We do not currently hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; however, we may choose to hedge our exposure in the future.
We do not believe that inflation and changes in prices had a significant impact on our results of operations for any periods presented on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation as of June 30, 2017 was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures,” which are defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“the Exchange Act”), as controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective at June 30, 2017.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within a company have been detected. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system are met and, as set forth above, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system were met.


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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
We were contacted in 2015 by the attorney for a potential product liability claimant who allegedly suffered injuries as a result of an aneurysm procedure in which the Penumbra Coil 400 was used. On February 19, 2016, a complaint for damages was filed on behalf of this claimant against the Company and the hospital involved in the procedure (Montgomery v. Penumbra, Inc., et al., Case No. 16-2-04050-1 SEA, Superior Court of the State of Washington, King County). The suit alleges liability primarily under the Washington Product Liability Act (“WPLA”) and sought both compensatory and punitive damages without a specific damages claim. Based on the Company’s preliminary motion, the punitive damages claim was dismissed in May 2016, along with several of the other causes of actions subsumed by the WPLA. In recent submissions, plaintiffs claim economic damages in the $4-6 million range and non-economic damages of at least $20 million. These amounts are substantially in excess of our insurance coverage. The case is in the discovery phase, and trial is currently set for January 2018. We will continue to vigorously defend the litigation, as we believe there are substantial questions regarding causation, liability and damages. If the case proceeds to trial, the results of any jury trial and the damages that a jury might award are inherently uncertain.
From time to time, we are subject to other claims and assessments in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any such litigation matter that, individually or in the aggregate, is expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
There have been no material changes to our risk factors reported or new factors identified since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which was filed with the SEC on February 28, 2017.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period
 
(a)
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)
 
(b)
Average Price Paid per Share
 
(c)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 
(d)
Maximum Dollar Value of Shares of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
April 1, 2017 - April 30, 2017
 
82,029

 
85.45

 

 

May 1, 2017 - May 31, 2017
 

 

 

 

June 1, 2017 - June 30, 2017
 

 

 

 

Total
 
82,029

 
85.45

 

 

 
(1) During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company withheld 82,029 shares of restricted stock at an aggregate cost of approximately $7.0 million, as permitted by the applicable equity award agreements, to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements related to the vesting of restricted stock awards.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.
None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.
None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.
None.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS.
Exhibit Number
 
Description
 
Form
 
File No.
 
Exhibit(s)
 
Filing Date
31.1*
 
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31.2*
 
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32.1**
 
Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. §1350.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101*
 
The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) include: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, and (iv) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* Filed herewith.    
** Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
PENUMBRA, INC.
Date: August 8, 2017
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Sri Kosaraju
 
 
Sri Kosaraju
 
 
Chief Financial Officer and Head of Strategy
 
 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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