Form 10-K/A
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

Form 10-K/A

Amendment No. 2

 

 

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For fiscal year ended December 31, 2012

or

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                     to                      .

Commission File Number 001-10932

 

 

WisdomTree Investments, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   13-3487784

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

380 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor

New York, New York

  10017
(Address of principal executive officers)   (Zip Code)

212-801-2080

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class:

 

Name of each exchange on which registered:

Common Stock, $0.01 par value   The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    ¨  Yes    x  No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    ¨  Yes    x  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    x  Yes    ¨  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    x  Yes    ¨  No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

¨  Large accelerated filer      x  Accelerated filer
¨  Non-accelerated filer   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    ¨  Smaller reporting company

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

At June 30, 2012, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates (computed by reference to the price at which the Common Stock was last sold on the NASDAQ Global Market on June 30, 2012) was $446,355,000.

At July 31, 2013, there were 128,099,292 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding (voting shares).

 

 

 


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Explanatory Note

This Form 10-K/A Amendment No. 2 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, as originally filed on March 15, 2013, and amended on April 26, 2013 (together, the “Original Filing”) of WisdomTree Investments, Inc. is being filed for the sole purpose of refiling certain exhibits thereto as required by certain Rules under Regulation S-K as follows:

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(b). Exhibits

 

   

Exhibit 31.1 Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certifications

 

   

Exhibit 31.2 Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certifications

Except as expressly noted herein, this Form 10-K/A Amendment No. 2 does not modify or update in any way disclosures made in the Original Filing. The Original Filing continues to speak as of the date of the Original Filing, and we have not updated the disclosures contained therein to reflect any events that occurred at a date subsequent to the filing of the Original Filing other than expressly indicated in this Form 10-K/A and this amendment does not reflect events occurring after the filing of the Original Filing. Accordingly, this Form 10-K/A Amendment No. 2should be read in conjunction with the Original Filing and our other filings made with the SEC on or subsequent to March 15, 2013.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “WisdomTree,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms refer to WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

 

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WISDOMTREE INVESTMENTS, INC.

Form 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

PART I

     4   

Item 1. Business

     4   

Item 1A. Risk Factors

     18   

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

     30   

Item 2. Properties

     30   

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

     30   

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

     31   

PART II

     32   

Item  5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

     32   

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

     34   

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     35   

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

     57   

Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

     57   

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

     57   

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

     57   

Item 9B. Other Information

     58   

PART III

     59   

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

     59   

Item 11. Executive Compensation

     66   

Item  12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

     84   

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

     87   

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

     88   

PART IV

     89   

Item 15. Exhibits; Financial Statement Schedules

     89   

Signatures

     90   

 

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s belief and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, these statements relate to future events or our future financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which are, in some cases, beyond our control and which could materially affect results. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Report. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties occur, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual events or results may vary significantly from those implied or projected by the forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance. You should read this Report and the documents that we reference in this Report and have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to this Report, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

In particular, forward-looking statements in this Report include statements about:

 

   

anticipated trends, conditions and investor sentiment in the global markets;

 

   

anticipated levels of inflows into and outflows out of our exchange traded funds (“ETFs”);

 

   

our ability to deliver favorable rates of return to investors;

 

   

our ability to develop new products and services;

 

   

our ability to maintain current vendors or find new vendors to provide services to us at favorable costs;

 

   

competition in our business; and

 

   

the effect of laws and regulations that apply to our business.

The forward-looking statements in this Report represent our views as of the date of this Report. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments may cause our views to change. However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we have no current intention of doing so except to the extent required by applicable law. Therefore, these forward-looking statements do not represent our views as of any date other than the date of this Report.

 

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PART I

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Our Company

We are the only publicly-traded asset management company that focuses exclusively on ETFs. We are the seventh largest ETF sponsor in the United States with assets under management, (“AUM”) of approximately $18.3 billion as of December 31, 2012. Our family of ETFs includes both fundamentally weighted funds that track our own indexes, and actively managed funds. We distribute our ETFs through all major channels within the asset management industry, including brokerage firms, registered investment advisors, institutional investors, private wealth managers and discount brokers.

We focus on creating ETFs for investors that offer thoughtful innovation, smart engineering and refined investing. We believe that our differentiated approach, employing a distinctive index-based methodology, delivers better risk adjusted returns over the long term. Our index-based funds employ a fundamental weighted investment methodology, which weights securities on the basis of factors such as dividends or earnings, whereas most other ETF indexes use a capitalization weighted methodology. Using our approach, 72% of the $15.4 billion invested in our 34 equity ETFs were in funds that, since their respective inceptions through December 31, 2012, outperformed their market capitalization weighted or competitive benchmarks. Similarly, 23 of our 34 equity ETFs have outperformed their market capitalization weighted or competitive benchmarks over the same period. In addition, we also offer actively managed ETFs, which are ETFs that are not based on a particular index but rather are actively managed with complete transparency into the ETF’s portfolio on a daily basis. Our exemptive relief enables us to use our own indexes for certain of our ETFs and actively manage other ETFs.

Despite a challenging economic environment, our AUM has been growing and reaching record levels each year from $9.9 billion at the end of 2010 to $18.3 billion at the end of 2012. Our net inflows have also been increasing during that same time period from $3.1 billion to $4.7 billion. As a result of strong net inflows and growth in our AUM, our revenues have increased from $41.6 million in 2010 to $84.8 million in 2012 which has helped improve our profitability from a net loss of $7.5 million in 2010 to net income of $11.0 million in 2012.

The following charts show our AUM, net inflows, revenues and net income/(loss) for the periods indicated:

 

LOGO

 

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LOGO

The following charts reflect the asset mix and distribution of our ETFs as of December 31, 2012:

 

LOGO

Our Industry

An ETF is an investment fund that holds securities such as equities or bonds and/or other assets such as derivatives or commodities, and that generally trades at approximately the same price as the net asset value of its underlying components over the course of the trading day. ETFs offer exposure to a wide variety of asset classes and investment themes, including domestic, international and global equities, fixed income securities, as well as securities in specific industries and countries. There are also ETFs that track certain specific investments, such as commodities, real estate or currencies.

 

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We believe ETFs have been one of the most innovative, revolutionary and disruptive investment products to emerge in the last two decades in the asset management industry. As of December 31, 2012, there were approximately 1,200 ETFs in the United States with aggregate AUM of $1.3 trillion. McKinsey & Company and Strategic Insights project the global aggregate AUM of ETFs could grow by $1.5 trillion by 2015, and Strategic Insights predicts the U.S. ETF market will hit $2 trillion before the end of 2015. The chart below reflects the AUM of the ETF industry in the United States since 2000:

U.S ETF Industry AUM

(in billions)

 

LOGO

Source: Investment Company Institute, Bloomberg, WisdomTree.

As of December 31, 2012, we were the seventh largest ETF sponsor in the United States by AUM and had the second highest percentage growth rate in AUM of the top ten ETF sponsors at the end of 2012:

 

         AUM as of
December 31,
2012
     2012
% Organic
Growth

in AUM
 
         (in billions)         
1  

iShares

   $ 558.0         14
2  

StateStreet

     329.2         14
3  

Vanguard

     244.4         31
4  

PowerShares

     58.6         16
5  

Van Eck

     27.6         19
6  

ProShares

     21.1         5
7  

WisdomTree

     18.3         39
8  

Guggenheim

     12.4         (3 %) 
9  

Deutsche Bank

     11.7         7
10  

PIMCO

     9.1         122
    

 

 

    
  Top Ten Total      1,290      
    

 

 

    
  Other ETF Sponsors      42      
    

 

 

    
  Total U.S. ETF Industry AUM    $ 1,333      
    

 

 

    

Source: Bloomberg, WisdomTree

According to Morningstar, Inc., ETFs were initially marketed primarily to institutional investors. However, today, institutional investors account for only about half of the assets held in ETFs. ETFs have become more popular among a broad range of investors as they have come to realize their benefits and use them for a variety of

 

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purposes and strategies, including low cost index investing and asset allocation, access to specific asset classes, protective hedging, income generation, exploitation of arbitrage opportunities, and diversification strategies.

While ETFs are similar to mutual funds in many respects, they have some important differences as well:

 

   

Transparency. ETFs disclose the composition of their underlying portfolios on a daily basis, unlike mutual funds which typically disclose their holdings only every 90 days.

 

   

Intraday trading, hedging strategies and complex orders. Like stocks, ETFs can be bought and sold on exchanges throughout the trading day at market prices. ETFs update the indicative values of their underlying portfolios every 15 seconds. As publicly-traded securities, ETF shares can be purchased on margin and sold short, enabling the use of hedging strategies, and traded using stop orders and limit orders, which allow investors to specify the price points at which they are willing to trade.

 

   

Tax efficiency. In the United States, whenever a mutual fund or ETF realizes a capital gain that is not balanced by a realized loss, it must distribute the capital gain to its shareholders. These gains are taxable to all shareholders, even those who reinvest the gain distributions in additional shares of the fund. However, most ETFs typically redeem their shares through “in-kind” redemptions in which low-cost securities are transferred out of the ETF in exchange for fund shares in a non-taxable transaction. As a practical matter, mutual funds cannot use this process. By using this process, ETFs avoid the transaction fees and tax impact incurred by mutual funds that sell securities to generate cash to pay out redemptions.

 

   

Uniform pricing. From a cost perspective, ETFs are one of the most equitable investment products on the market. Investors, regardless of their size, structure or sophistication, pay identical advisory fees. Unlike mutual funds, there are not different share classes or different expense structures for retail and institutional clients and ETFs are not sold with sales loads or 12b-1 fees. In many cases, ETFs offer lower expense ratios than comparable mutual funds.

ETFs are used in various ways by a range of investors, from conservative to speculative uses including:

 

   

Low cost index investing. Because of their low cost, ETFs are used by investors seeking to track a variety of indexes encompassing equities, commodities or fixed income over the short and long term.

 

   

Improved access to specific asset classes. Investors often use ETFs to gain access to specific market sectors or regions around the world by using an ETF that holds a portfolio of securities in that region or segment rather than buying individual securities.

 

   

Protective hedging. Investors seeking to protect their portfolios may use ETFs as a hedge against unexpected declines in prices.

 

   

Income generation. Investors seeking to obtain income from their portfolios may buy dividend-paying ETFs, which encompass a basket of dividend-paying stocks rather than buying individual stocks or a fixed income ETF that typically distributes monthly income.

 

   

Speculative investing. Investors with a specific directional opinion about a market sector may choose to buy or sell (long or short) an ETF covering or leveraging that market sector.

 

   

Arbitrage. Sophisticated investors may use ETFs in order to exploit perceived value differences between the ETF and the value of the ETF’s underlying portfolio of securities.

 

   

Asset allocation. Investors seeking to invest in various asset classes to develop an asset allocation model in a cost-effective manner can do so easily with ETFs, which offer broad exposure to various asset classes in a single security.

 

   

Diversification. By definition, ETFs represent a basket of securities and each fund may contain hundreds or even thousands of different individual securities. The “instant diversification” of ETFs provides investors with broad exposure to an asset class, market sector or geography.

 

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ETFs are one of the fastest growing sectors of the asset management industry, having expanded at a compound annual growth rate of 29% from $66 billion in AUM in 2000 to $1.3 trillion in AUM at the end of 2012. According to the Investment Company Institute, since 2007, ETF’s have generated approximately 50% of the total inflows into ETFs and long-term mutual funds. However, ETFs have generated positive inflows into equity funds of approximately $650 billion and long-term equity mutual funds have experienced outflows of approximately $450 billion. We believe this trend is due to the inherent superior benefits of ETFs, that is: transparency, liquidity and tax efficiency.

We believe our growth, and the growth of the ETF industry in general, will continue to be driven by the following factors:

 

   

Education and greater investor awareness. Over the last several years, ETFs have been taking a greater share of inflows and AUM from mutual funds. We believe as a result of the recent market downturns, investors have become more aware of some of the deficiencies of their mutual fund and other financial products. In particular, we believe investors are beginning to focus on important characteristics of their traditional investments—namely transparency, tradability, liquidity, tax efficiency and fees. Their attention and education focused on these important investment characteristics may be one of the drivers of the shift in inflows from traditional mutual funds to ETFs. We believe as investors become more aware and educated about ETFs and their benefits, ETFs will continue to take market share from traditional mutual funds and other financial products or structures such as hedge funds, separate accounts and single stocks.

 

   

Move to fee-based models. Over the last several years, many financial advisors have changed the revenue model that they charge clients from one that is “transaction-based,” that is, based on commissions for trades or receiving sales loads, to a “fee-based” approach, where an overall fee is charged based on the value of AUM. This fee-based approach lends itself to the advisor selecting no-load, lower-fee financial products, and in our opinion, better aligns advisors with the interests of their clients. Since ETFs generally charge lower fees than mutual funds, we believe this model shift will benefit the ETF industry. As major brokerage firms and asset managers encourage their advisors to move towards fee-based models, we believe overall usage of ETFs will likely increase.

 

   

Innovative product offerings. Historically, ETFs tracked traditional equity indexes, but the volume of ETF growth has led to significant innovation and product development. As demand increased, the number of ETFs has also increased and today, ETFs are available for virtually every asset class including commodities, fixed income, alternative strategies, leveraged/inverse, real estate and currencies. We believe, though, that there remain substantial areas for ETF sponsors to continue to innovate, including alternative-based strategies, hard and soft commodities, and actively-managed strategies. We believe the further expansion of ETFs will fuel further growth and investments from investors who typically access these products through hedge funds, separate accounts, stock investments or the futures and commodity markets.

 

   

New distribution channels. Discount brokers, including E*Trade, TD Ameritrade, Schwab and Fidelity, now offer free trading and promotion of select ETFs. We believe the promotion of ETF trading by discount brokers and their marketing of ETFs to a wider retail channel will contribute to the future growth of ETFs.

 

   

Changing demographics. As the “baby boomer” generation continues to mature and retire, we expect that there will be a greater demand for a broad range of investment solutions, with a particular emphasis on income generation and principal protection, and that more of these investors will seek advice from professional financial advisors. We believe these financial advisors will migrate more of their clients’ portfolios to ETFs due to their lower fees, better fit within fee-based models, and their ability to (i) provide access to more diverse market sectors, (ii) improve multi-asset class allocation, and (iii) be used for different investment strategies, including income generation. Overall, we believe ETFs are well-suited to meet the needs of this large and important group of investors.

 

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Expansion into 401(k) retirement plans. Historically, 401(k) plans were almost exclusively comprised of mutual funds. However, we believe ETFs are particularly well-suited to 401(k) retirement plans and that these plans present a large and growing opportunity for our industry. ETFs are easy-to-implement, fully transparent investment vehicles covering the full range of asset allocation categories, and are available at significantly lower costs than most traditional mutual funds. In addition, regulatory reform laws which recently went into effect require 401(k) retirement plan sponsors to disclose all fees associated with their plans. While it may take several years for the fee disclosures to be fully analyzed and understood by plan sponsors and their participants, we believe that as investors become aware of fees associated with using mutual funds in traditional 401(k) retirement plans, they will replace higher fee mutual funds with ETFs because of their lower fees.

Our Competitive Strengths

 

   

Well-positioned in large and growing markets. We believe that ETFs are well-positioned to grow significantly faster than the asset management industry as a whole, making our concentration in ETFs a significant advantage versus other traditional asset management firms. In 2010, 2011 and 2012, our AUM grew among the fastest rate of the top 10 ETF sponsors and at December 31, 2012 we are the seventh largest ETF sponsor in the United States by AUM. Within the ETF industry, being a first mover, or one of the first providers of ETFs in a particular asset class, can be a significant advantage. We believe that our early leadership in a number of asset classes positions us well to maintain a leadership position.

 

   

Strong performance through a differentiated approach. We create our own indexes, rebalanced annually, that weight companies in our equity ETFs by a measure of fundamental value. In contrast, traditional indexes are market capitalization weighted and tend to track the momentum of the market. Using our approach, 72% of the $15.4 billion invested in our 34 equity ETFs were in funds that, since their respective inceptions through December 31, 2012, outperformed their market capitalization weighted or competitive benchmarks. Similarly, 23 of our 34 equity ETFs have outperformed their market capitalization weighted or competitive benchmarks over the same period. In addition, we also offer actively managed ETFs, which are ETFs that are not based on a particular index but rather are actively managed with complete transparency into the ETF’s portfolio on a daily basis. We believe our approach differentiates us from our competitors and will allow us to take a greater share of the expected growth in the ETF market.

 

   

Diversified product set, powered by innovation. We have a broad and diverse product set. Our products span a variety of traditional and high growth asset classes, including emerging markets, international and U.S. equities, currencies, international fixed income, and alternatives, and include both passive and actively managed funds. Our product development, research and sales teams work closely to identify potential new ETFs for the marketplace. Because we have the regulatory exemptive relief that enables us to use our own indexes for our ETFs, we have the ability to create certain indexes and related ETFs more rapidly than many of our competitors who must license indexes from third party index providers. Our exemptive relief also enables us to offer actively managed funds. Our innovations include launching the industry’s first emerging markets small cap equity ETF, the first actively managed currency ETFs, one of the first international local currency denominated fixed income ETFs and the first managed futures strategy ETF. We believe that our expertise in product development combined with our regulatory exemptive relief provides a strategic advantage, enabling us to launch innovative ETFs that others may not be able to launch as quickly.

 

   

Extensive marketing, research and sales efforts. We have invested significant resources to establish the WisdomTree brand through targeted television, print and online advertising, social media, as well as through our public relations efforts. The majority of our employees are dedicated to marketing, research and sales. Our sales professionals are the primary points of contact for financial advisors who use our ETFs. Their efforts are enhanced through value-added services provided by our research and marketing efforts. We have strong relationships with financial advisors at leading national brokerage

 

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firms, registered investment advisors and high net worth advisors. We believe the recent growth we have experienced by strategically aligning these advisor relationships and marketing campaigns with targeted research and sales initiatives differentiates us from our competitors and contributes to our strong inflows.

 

   

Efficient business model with lower risk profile. We have invested heavily in the internal development of our core competencies with respect to product development, marketing, research and sales of ETFs. We outsource to third parties those services that are not our core competencies or may be resource or risk intensive, such as the portfolio management responsibilities and fund accounting operations of our ETFs. In addition, since we create our own indexes, we do not incur licensing costs and can therefore be more competitive in terms of the fees we charge for our index-based ETFs. We have already made substantial investments in our core competencies, and we expect to be able to leverage these existing capabilities across our business, positioning us to maintain both growth and profitability.

 

   

Strong, seasoned and creative management team. We have built a strong and dedicated senior leadership team. Most of our leadership team has significant ETF or financial services industry experience in fund operations, regulatory and compliance oversight, product development and management or marketing and communications. We believe our team, by developing an ETF sponsor from the ground up despite significant competitive, regulatory and operational barriers, has demonstrated an ability to innovate as well as recognize and respond to market opportunities and effectively execute our strategy.

Our Growth Strategies

Our goal is to be among the top five U.S. sponsors in the ETF industry, where scale is a competitive advantage. In 2009, we were the eleventh largest ETF sponsor. We increased our AUM to become the eighth largest ETF sponsor in 2010 and, as of December 31, 2012 we were the seventh largest. We believe our continued execution will enable us to increase trading volumes and build longer performance track records, which should allow us to attract additional investors and, in turn, further grow our AUM. We will seek to increase our market share and build additional scale by continuing to implement the following growth strategies:

 

   

Increase penetration within existing distribution channels. We believe there is an opportunity to increase our market share by further penetrating existing distribution channels and by cross-selling additional WisdomTree ETFs. In order to achieve these objectives, we intend to continue our strategy of targeted advertising and direct marketing, coupled with our research-focused sales support initiatives, to enhance product awareness and increase our market share of ETF net inflows. Our share of ETF industry net inflows has fluctuated from 2.7% in 2010, to 3.3% in 2011 and 2.6% in 2012.

 

   

Launch innovative new products that diversify our product offerings and revenues. We believe our track record has shown that we can create and sell innovative ETFs that meet market demand. We believe that continued launches of new products will strengthen our business by allowing us to realize additional inflows, maintain and grow our AUM and generate revenues across different market cycles as particular investment strategies move in and out of favor.

 

   

Expand internationally. To date, our sales and marketing has been principally focused on the domestic U.S. market. However, since April 2010, 12 of our ETFs have been cross-listed in the special international section on the Mexican stock exchange, Bolsa Mexicana De Valores, where certain institutional investors trade foreign securities in Mexico. As ETFs are increasingly traded globally we believe that international expansion of our marketing, communication and sales strategies will provide significant new growth avenues. We have also established an international Trust to give us the option to capitalize on growth opportunities outside of the United States.

 

   

Selectively pursue acquisitions or partnerships. We may pursue acquisitions or enter into partnerships or other commercial arrangements that will enable us to strengthen our current business, expand and diversify our product offering, increase our AUM or enter into new markets. We believe entering into partnerships or pursuing acquisitions is a cost-effective means of growing our business and AUM. For example, in 2007, we purchased certain assets and intellectual property from Treasury Equity, LLC

 

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which formed the basis for our currency ETFs. In addition, in 2008, we entered into a joint venture with Mellon Capital Management Corporation (“Mellon Capital”) and The Dreyfus Corporation (“Dreyfus”) with respect to our currency and fixed income ETFs, which enabled us to bring these ETFs to market faster than would otherwise have been possible. This joint venture ended at the end of 2012.

Regulatory Framework of the ETF Industry

Not all exchange traded products, or ETPs, are ETFs. ETFs are a distinct type of security with features that are different than other ETPs. ETFs are open-end investment companies or unit investment trusts regulated by the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Investment Company Act”). This regulatory structure is designed to provide investor protection within a pooled investment product. For example, the Investment Company Act requires that at least 40% of the Trustees for each ETF must not be affiliated persons of the fund’s investment manager (“Independent Trustees”). If the ETF seeks to rely on certain rules under the Investment Company Act, a majority of the Trustees for that ETF must be Independent Trustees. In addition, as discussed below, ETFs have received orders from the staff of the SEC which exempt them from certain provisions of the Investment Company Act; however, ETFs generally operate under regulations that prohibit affiliated transactions, are subject to standard pricing and valuation rules and have mandated compliance programs. ETPs can take a number of forms other than ETFs, including exchange traded notes, grantor trusts or limited partnerships. A key factor differentiating ETFs, grantor trusts and limited partnerships from exchange traded notes is that the former hold assets underlying the ETP. Exchange traded notes on the other hand are debt instruments issued by the exchange traded note sponsor. Also, each of these structures has implications for taxes, liquidity, tracking error and credit risk.

Because ETFs do not fit into the regulatory provisions governing mutual funds, ETF sponsors need to obtain from the SEC “exemptive relief” from certain provisions of the Investment Company Act in order to operate ETFs. This exemptive relief allows the ETF sponsor to bring products to market for the specific products or structures they have applied for. Applying for exemptive relief can be costly and take several months to several years depending on the type of exemptive relief sought. See “Business—Regulation” below.

Our Products

As of December 31, 2012, we offered a comprehensive family of 46 ETFs, which includes 34 international and domestic equity ETFs, five currency ETFs, five international fixed income ETFs and two alternative ETFs. 43 of our ETFs are listed on NYSE Arca, a listing venue of NYSE Euronext, and three of our ETFs are listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market. Since April 2010, 12 of our ETFs have also been cross-listed on the Mexican stock exchange.

The type and AUM for each of our ETFs as of December 31, 2012:

 

     Number
of Funds
     Type    AUM  
                 (in billions)  

Equity ETFs:

        

U.S. Equity ETFs

     11       Index based    $ 4.4   

Emerging Markets Equity ETFs

     5       Index based      7.3   

International Developed Equity ETFs

     18       Index based      3.8   

Currency ETFs

     5       Actively Managed      0.6   

International Fixed Income ETFs

     5       Actively Managed      2.1   

Alternative Strategy ETFs

     2       Actively Managed      0.1   
  

 

 

       

 

 

 

Total

     46          $ 18.3   
  

 

 

       

 

 

 

Equity ETFs

We offer equity ETFs that offer access to the securities of large, mid and small-cap companies located in the United States, developed markets and emerging markets, as well as particular market sectors, including basic

 

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materials, energy, utilities and real estate. Our equity ETFs track our own fundamentally weighted indexes, as opposed to market capitalization weighted indexes, which assign more weight to stocks with the highest market capitalizations. These fundamentally weighted indexes focus on securities of companies that pay regular cash dividends or on securities of companies that have generated positive cumulative earnings over a certain period. We believe these factors, rather than market capitalization alone, can provide investors with better risk-adjusted returns over the long term. All of our equity ETFs, with the exception of one, is sub-advised by Mellon Capital, a subsidiary of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (“BNY Mellon”). One of our equity ETFs is sub-advised by Old Mutual Global Index Trackers (Pty) Limited, a subsidiary of Old Mutual PLC.

Currency ETFs

We launched the industry’s first currency ETFs in May 2008 using an actively managed strategy. We offer currency ETFs that provide investors with exposure to developed and emerging market currencies, including the Chinese Yuan and the Brazilian Real. Currency ETFs invest in U.S. money market securities, forward currency contracts and swaps and seek to achieve the total returns reflective of both money market rates in selected countries available to foreign investors and changes to the value of these currencies relative to the U.S. dollar. Our Currency ETFs are sub-advised by Mellon Capital.

International Fixed Income ETFs

In 2010, we began launching international fixed income ETFs that invest in emerging market countries, Asia Pacific ex-Japan countries or European countries. These ETFs are denominated in either local or U.S. currencies. We intend to launch additional fixed income bond funds and broaden our product offerings in this category. Our fixed income ETFs are sub-advised by either Mellon Capital or Western Asset Management, a subsidiary of Legg Mason.

Alternative Strategy ETFs

In 2011, we launched the industry’s first managed futures strategy ETF and a global real return ETF. We also intend to explore additional alternative strategy products in the future. Our alternative ETFs are sub-advised by Mellon Capital.

Index Based ETFs

Our equity ETFs seek to track our own fundamentally weighted indexes. Most of today’s ETFs track market capitalization weighted indexes and most of these indexes are licensed from third parties by ETF sponsors. Market capitalization weighted ETFs assign more weight to stocks with the highest market capitalizations, which is a function of stock price. We believe this means that if a stock is overvalued, market capitalization weighted funds will give the overvalued stock greater weight as its price and market capitalization increase. The opposite is true if a stock is undervalued, as market capitalization weighted funds will give it less weight. Without a way to rebalance away from these stocks, we believe market capitalization weighted funds essentially hold more of a company’s stock as its price is going up and less as the price of the company’s stock is going down. In other words, we believe these funds buy high and sell low. Market history includes many points in time when stocks were overvalued, for example, the technology and dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. We believe this structural flaw of market capitalization weighted indexes can expose investors in products based upon such indexes to potentially higher risks and lower returns.

To address the structural flaw of market capitalization-weighting, we developed fundamentally weighted indexes that weight companies by a measure of fundamental value instead of market capitalization using a rules- based methodology. After researching fundamental indicators of value, we believe the most effective metrics are cash dividends or earnings. Our research indicated that weighting by cash dividends or earnings provided investors with better risk adjusted returns than market capitalization weighted indexes. The rules-based methodology that we created weights companies in our index based on either dividends or earnings in order to

 

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magnify the effect that dividends or earnings play on the total return of the index. For example, in our typical U.S. based indexes under our rules-based methodology, we weight each company based on their projected cash dividends to be paid over the coming year over the sum of the projected cash dividends to be paid by all companies in the index or we weight each company based on their previous annual earnings over the sum of the earnings by all companies in the index. Our funds are rebalanced annually and designed to reset back to an indicator of fundamental value—either cash dividends paid or earnings generated. All of our index equity ETFs are based on this approach. We believe this fundamentally weighted approach offers better returns than comparable ETFs or mutual funds tracking market capitalization weighted indexes over the long-term.

We benchmark our fundamentally weighted indexes against traditional market capitalization weighted indexes designed to track similar companies, sectors, regions or exposure. Using our approach, 72% of the $15.4 billion invested in our 34 equity ETFs were in funds that, since their respective inceptions through December 31, 2012, outperformed their market capitalization weighted or competitive benchmarks. Similarly, 23 of our 34 equity ETFs have outperformed their market capitalization weighted or competitive benchmarks over the same period. We believe this outperformance has been achieved primarily due to the weighting and selection of companies in our fundamentally weighted indexes using our rules-based methodology, rather than market capitalization weighted indexes.

Actively Managed ETFs

In 2008, we obtained regulatory approval to launch actively managed ETFs, which are ETFs that are not based on an index but rather are actively managed with complete transparency of the ETF’s portfolio on a daily basis. Currently, we are one of several ETF sponsors that have already received the necessary exemptive relief from the SEC to launch actively managed ETFs. This has enabled us to develop products not yet offered by other ETF sponsors. See “Business—Regulation”, below. Our actively managed ETFs includes currency, international fixed income and alternative strategy ETFs.

The securities purchased and sold by our ETFs include U.S. and foreign equities, forward currency contracts and U.S. and foreign debt instruments. In addition, we enter into derivative transactions, in particular U.S. listed futures contracts, non-deliverable currency forward contracts, and total return swap agreements in order to gain exposure to commodities, foreign currencies, and interest rates. The exchanges these securities trade on include all the major exchanges worldwide.

Sales, Marketing and Research

We distribute our ETFs through all major channels within the asset management industry, including brokerage firms, registered investment advisors, institutional investors, private wealth managers and discount brokers. We do not target our ETFs for sale directly to the retail segment but rather to the financial or investment advisor who acts as the intermediary between the end-client and us. We do not pay commissions nor do we offer 12b-1 fees to financial advisors to use or recommend the use of our ETFs.

We have developed an extensive network and relationships with financial advisors and we believe our ETFs and related research are well structured to meet their needs and those of their clients. Our sales professionals act in a consultative role to provide the financial advisor with value-added services. We seek to consistently grow our network of financial advisors and we opportunistically seek to introduce new products that best deliver our investment strategies to investors through these distribution channels. We have our own team of 32 sales professionals located in the United States as of December 31, 2012.

In addition, we have agreements with third parties to serve as the external marketing agents for the WisdomTree ETFs in Latin America as well as with E*Trade Financial to allow our ETFs to trade commission free on its brokerage platform in exchange for a percentage of our advisory fee revenue from certain AUM. We believe these arrangements expand our distribution capabilities in a cost-effective manner and we may continue to enter into such arrangements in the future.

 

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Our marketing effort is focused on three objectives: (1) generating new clients and inflows to our ETFs; (2) retaining existing clients, with a focus on cross-selling additional WisdomTree ETFs; and (3) building brand awareness. We pursue these objectives through a multi-faceted marketing strategy targeted at financial advisors within the asset management industry. We utilize the following strategies:

 

   

Targeted advertising. We create highly targeted multi-media advertising campaigns limited to established core financial media. For example, our television advertising runs exclusively on the cable networks CNBC and Bloomberg Television; online advertising runs on investing or ETF-specific web sites, such as www.seekingalpha.com and www.etfdatabase.com; and print advertising runs in core financial publications, including Barron’s and Institutional Investor.

 

   

Media relations. We have a full time public relations team who have established relationships with the major financial media outlets including: the Wall Street Journal, Barron’s, the Financial Times, Bloomberg, Reuters and USA Today. We utilize these relationships to help create awareness of the WisdomTree ETFs and the ETF industry in general. Several members of management team are frequent market commentators and conference panelists.

 

   

Direct marketing. We have a database of financial advisors to which we regularly market through targeted and segmented communications, such as on-demand research presentations, ETF-specific or educational events and presentations, quarterly newsletters and market commentary from our senior investment strategy advisor, Professor Jeremy Siegel.

 

   

Social Media. We have implemented a social media strategy that allows us to connect directly with financial advisors and investors by offering timely access to our research material and more general market commentary. Our social media strategy allows us to continue to enhance our brand reputation of expertise and thought leadership in the ETF industry.

 

   

Sales support. We create comprehensive materials to support our sales process including whitepapers, research reports, investment ideas and performance data for all WisdomTree ETFs.

We will continue to evolve our marketing and communication efforts in response to changes in the ETF industry, market conditions and marketing trends.

Our research team has three core functions: index development and oversight, investment research and sales support. In its index development role, the research group is responsible for creating the investment methodologies and overseeing the maintenance of our indexes that WisdomTree’s equity ETFs are designed to track. The team also provides a variety of investment research around these indexes and market segments. Our research is typically academic-type research to support our products, including white papers on the strategies underlying our indexes and ETFs, investment insights on current market trends, and types of investment strategies that drive long-term performance. We distribute our research through our sales professionals, online through our website, targeted emails to financial advisors, or through financial media outlets, including interviews on CNBC and Bloomberg. On some occasions our research has been included in “op-ed” articles appearing in the Wall Street Journal. Shorter research notes are also developed to promote our ideas which are distributed online through social media channels. Finally, the research team supports our sales professionals in meetings as market experts and through custom analysis on client portfolio holdings. In addition, we consult with our senior investment strategy advisor, Professor Jeremy Siegel, on product development ideas and market commentaries.

Competition

The asset management industry is highly competitive and we face substantial competition in virtually all aspects of our business. Factors affecting our business include fees for our products, investment performance, brand recognition, business reputation, quality of service and the continuity of our financial advisor relationships. We compete directly with other ETF sponsors and mutual fund companies and indirectly against other investment management firms, insurance companies, banks, brokerage firms and other financial institutions that

 

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offer products that have similar features and investment objectives to those offered by us. The vast majority of the firms we compete with are subsidiaries of large diversified financial companies and many others are much larger in terms of AUM, years in operations and revenues and, accordingly, have much larger sales organizations and budgets. In addition, these larger competitors may attract business through means that are not available to us, including retail bank offices, investment banking, insurance agencies and broker-dealers.

Our competitors, Vanguard, Charles Schwab, and BlackRock (through their iShares ETF family), are engaged in significant price competition and have lowered fees or launched new ETFs offering similar investment strategies with lower fees as well as waived trading commissions. The ETFs subject to this intense price competition typically track broad based market capitalization weighted equity indexes. We do compete against these firms for similar related equity strategies, however, our indexes are fundamentally weighted, not market capitalization weighted. Two index developers have created a series of fundamentally weighted indexes, using a different approach than ours. If price competition intensifies or we begin to compete with other ETF sponsors using a fundamentally weighted approach that is similar to ours at a lower price than ours, we may be required to reduce the advisory fees we charge in order to compete.

In 2008, the SEC announced a proposal to allow ETFs to form and operate without the need to obtain exemptive relief. This proposed rule has not yet been adopted and we do not know if or when it may be adopted. In March 2010, the SEC announced it would defer approval of applications for exemptive relief for ETFs that make significant use of derivatives pending a review by the SEC of the use of derivatives by mutual funds, ETFs and other investment companies. This moratorium was lifted in December 2012 and now potential competitors with the exemptive relief can compete with certain of our products. However, to date the SEC has not indicated whether the review time period or process required to obtain the initial exemptive relief will be altered. In addition, certain large mutual fund complexes have obtained exemptive relief to launch actively managed ETFs but have not done so yet. Removing the time barrier to obtain exemptive relief may bring additional competitors into the marketplace.

We believe our ability to successfully compete will depend largely on our competitive fee structure and our ability to achieve consistently strong investment performance, develop distribution relationships, create new investment products, offer a diverse platform of investment choices, build upon our successful brand and attract and retain talented sales professionals and other employees.

Regulation

The investment management industry is subject to extensive regulation and virtually all aspects of our business are subject to various federal and state laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are primarily intended to protect investment advisory clients and shareholders of registered investment companies. These laws generally grant supervisory agencies broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict the conduct of our business and to impose sanctions for failure to comply with these laws and regulations. Further, such laws and regulations may provide the basis for litigation that may also result in significant costs to us.

We are currently subject to the following laws and regulations, among others. The costs of complying with such laws and regulations have increased and will continue to contribute to the costs of doing business:

 

   

The Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Investment Advisers Act”)—The SEC is the federal agency generally responsible for administering the U.S. federal securities laws. Our subsidiary, WisdomTree Asset Management, Inc. (“WTAM”), is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act and, as such, is regulated by the SEC. The Investment Advisers Act requires registered investment advisers to comply with numerous and broad obligations, including, among others, recordkeeping requirements, operational procedures, registration and reporting and disclosure obligations.

 

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The Investment Company Act of 1940—The WisdomTree ETFs are registered with the SEC pursuant to the Investment Company Act. The WisdomTree ETFs must comply with the requirements of the Investment Company Act and related regulations, as well as conditions imposed in the exemptive orders received by the ETFs, including, among others, requirements relating to operations, fees charged, sales, accounting, recordkeeping, disclosure and governance.

 

   

Broker-Dealer Regulations—Although we are not registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, nor are we a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), many of our employees, including all of our salespersons, are licensed with FINRA and are registered as associated persons of the distributor of the WisdomTree ETFs and, as such, are subject to the regulations of FINRA that relate to licensing, continuing education requirements and sales practices. FINRA also regulates the content of our marketing and sales material.

 

   

Internal Revenue Code—WisdomTree Trust generally has obligations with respect to the qualification of the registered investment company for pass-through tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code.

 

   

U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)—In 2012, the CFTC adopted regulations that have required us to become a member of the National Futures Association and register as a Commodity Pool Operator for a select number of our ETFs.

 

   

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010—This comprehensive overhaul of the financial services regulatory environment requires federal agencies to implement numerous new rules, which, as they are adopted may impose additional regulatory burdens and expenses on our business.

Because ETFs do not fit into the regulatory provisions governing mutual funds, ETF sponsors need to obtain from the SEC exemptive relief from certain provisions of the Investment Company Act in order to operate ETFs. This exemptive relief allows the ETF sponsor to bring products to market for the specific products or structures they have applied for. Applying for exemptive relief can be costly and take several months to several years depending on the type of exemptive relief sought.

FINRA rules and guidance may affect how WisdomTree ETFs are sold by member firms. Although WisdomTree does not offer so-called leveraged ETFs, which may include within their holdings derivative instruments such as options futures or swaps, recent FINRA guidance on margin requirements and suitability determinations with respect to customers trading in leveraged ETFs may influence how member firms effect sales of certain WisdomTree ETFs, such as currency ETFs, which also use some forms of derivatives, including forward currency contracts and swaps.

Finally, our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Market and we are therefore also subject to their rules including corporate governance listing standards. In addition, the WisdomTree ETFs are listed on NYSE Arca or the NASDAQ Market, and accordingly are subject to the listing requirements of those exchanges.

Property

Our principal executive office is located at 380 Madison Ave, New York, New York 10017. We occupy approximately 20,000 square feet of office space under a lease that expires in January 2014. We have begun the search for new office space given the impending end of our lease term.

Intellectual Property

We regard our name, WisdomTree, as material to our business and have registered WisdomTree® as a service mark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in various foreign jurisdictions.

Our index-based equity ETFs are based on our own indexes and we do not license them from, nor do we pay licensing fees to, third parties for these indexes.

 

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On March 6, 2012, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued to us our patent on Financial Instrument Selection and Weighting System and Method, which is embodied in our dividend weighted equity indexes. We also have two patent applications pending with the U.S. Patent and Trademark office that relate to the operation of our ETFs and our index methodology. There is no assurance that patents will be issued from these applications and we currently do not rely upon our recently issued or future patents for a competitive advantage.

Employees

As of December 31, 2012, we had 70 full-time employees. Of these employees, 32 are engaged in our sales function with the remainder providing managerial, finance, marketing, legal, regulatory compliance, operations and research functions. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement and we consider our relations with employees to be good.

Segment and Geographic Areas

We operate as one business segment, as an ETF sponsor and asset manager providing investment advisory services. Revenues are derived in the U.S. and all of our assets are located in the U.S.

Available Information

Company Website and Public Filings

Our website is located at www.wisdomtree.com, and our investor relations website is located at http://ir.wisdomtree.com/. We make available, free of charge through our investor relations website, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The public may read and copy any materials filed by us with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C., 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding the Company at www.sec.gov.

We webcast our earnings calls and certain events we participate in or host with members of the investment community on our investor relations website. Additionally, we provide notifications of news or announcements regarding our financial performance, including SEC filings, investor events, press and earnings releases as part of our investor relations website. Further corporate governance information, including board committee charters and code of conduct, is also available on our investor relations website under the heading “Corporate Governance.” The contents of our websites are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

 

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Any investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the specific risk factors described below in addition to the other information contained in this Report before making a decision to invest in our common stock. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects could be harmed. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline and a loss of all or part of your investment. Certain statements below are forward-looking statements. See the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

We have only a limited operating history and, as a result, recent historical growth may not provide an accurate representation of the growth we may experience in the future, which may make it difficult to evaluate our future prospects.

We launched our first 20 ETFs in June 2006 and have only a limited operating history in the asset management business upon which an evaluation of our performance can be made. We have incurred significant losses since we launched our first ETFs. We first reported net income in the first quarter of 2011 and we only began to generate positive cash flow on a full quarterly basis in the second fiscal quarter of the year ended December 31, 2010 and, as a result, recent historical growth may not provide an accurate representation of the growth we may experience in the future, which may make it difficult to evaluate our future prospects. Although we have reported net income for the 2011 and 2012 fiscal years, we may not be able to maintain or increase our level of profitability. Prior to generating net income for 2011, we incurred net losses of $27.0 million, $21.2 million and $7.5 million in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Even though we have achieved profitability, because of the various risks outlined in this Report, we cannot assure you that we will continue to be profitable.

Challenging global market conditions associated with declining prices of securities can adversely affect our business by reducing the market value of the assets we manage or causing WisdomTree ETF shareholders to sell their fund shares and trigger redemptions.

We are subject to risks arising from adverse changes in global market conditions and the declining prices of securities, which may result in a decrease in demand for investment products, a higher redemption rate and/or a decline in AUM. The securities markets are highly volatile and securities prices may increase or decrease for many reasons, including general economic conditions, political events, acts of terrorism and other matters beyond our control. Substantially all of our revenue is determined by the amount of our AUM and a substantial part of our AUM is represented by equity securities, in both the international and U.S. markets. As a result, our business can be expected to generate lower revenue in declining equity market environments or general economic downturns. A decline in the prices of securities held by the WisdomTree ETFs may cause our revenue to decline by either causing the value of our AUM to decrease, which would result in lower advisory fees, or causing investors in the WisdomTree ETFs to sell their shares in favor of investments they perceive to offer greater opportunity or lower risk, thus triggering redemptions that would also result in decreased AUM and lower fees.

Fluctuations in the amount and mix of our AUM may negatively impact revenue and operating margin.

The level of our revenue depends on the level and mix of our AUM. Our revenue is derived primarily from advisory fees based on a percentage of the value of our AUM and varies with the nature of the ETFs, which have different fee levels. Fluctuations in the amount and mix of our AUM may be attributable in part to market conditions outside of our control that have had, and in the future could have, a negative impact on our revenue and operating margin.

We are subject to an increased risk of asset volatility from changes in the foreign markets as discussed below. Individual markets may be adversely affected by economic, political, financial, or other instabilities that are particular to the country or regions in which a market is located, including without limitation local acts of terrorism, economic crises or other business, social or political crises. Declines in these markets and currency

 

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fluctuations have caused in the past, and may cause in the future, a decline in our revenue. Changing market conditions and currency fluctuations may cause a shift in our asset mix between foreign and U.S. assets, potentially resulting in a decline in our revenue since we generally derive higher fee revenue from our ETFs investing in foreign markets, particularly in emerging markets.

We have had in the past, and in the future may have, investors who maintain significant positions in one or more of our ETFs. If such an investor were to broadly change or withdraw its investments in our ETFs because of a change to its investment strategy, market conditions or any other reason, it may significantly change the level and mix of our AUM, which may negatively affect our revenue and operating margin.

Most of our assets under management are held in ETFs that invest in foreign securities and we therefore have substantial exposure to foreign market conditions and are subject to currency exchange rate risks.

Many of our ETFs invest in securities of companies, governments and other organizations located outside the United States and at December 31, 2012, approximately 75% of our AUM was held by these ETFs. Therefore, the success of our business is closely tied to market conditions in foreign markets. Investments in non-U.S. issuers are affected by political, social and economic uncertainty effecting a country or region in which we are invested. In addition, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could reduce the revenue we earn from these foreign invested ETFs. This occurs because an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to non-U.S. currencies may result in a decrease in the dollar value of the AUM in these ETFs, which, in turn, would result in lower revenue. Furthermore, investors are likely to believe these ETFs, as well as our suite of currency and fixed income ETFs, are a less attractive investment opportunity when the value of the U.S. dollar rises relative to non-U.S. currencies, which could have the effect of reducing investments in these ETFs, thus reducing revenue.

We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from products invested in emerging markets and are exposed to the market-specific political and economic risks as well as general investor sentiment regarding future growth of those markets.

At December 31, 2012, approximately 51% of our ETF AUM was concentrated in eight of our WisdomTree ETFs that primarily invest in equity or fixed income securities issued by companies or governments in emerging markets. In 2012, approximately 57% of our revenue was derived from those eight ETFs. As a result, our operating results are particularly exposed to the performance of those funds, economic and market conditions in those emerging markets, general investor sentiment regarding future growth in those emerging markets and our ability to maintain the assets under management of those funds. In addition, because these funds have a higher expense ratio than our other funds in general, they generate a disproportionate percentage of our total revenue. If the AUM in these funds were to decline, either because of declining market values or because of net outflows from these funds, our revenue would be adversely affected.

We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from a limited number of products and, as a result, our operating results are particularly exposed to the performance of those funds, investor sentiment toward the strategies pursued by those funds and our ability to maintain the assets under management of those funds.

At December 31, 2012, approximately 76% of our ETF AUM was concentrated in ten of our WisdomTree ETFs and approximately 55% of our ETF AUM was concentrated in five of our WisdomTree ETFs. As a result, our operating results are particularly exposed to the performance of those funds, investor sentiment toward investing in the strategies pursued by those funds and our ability to maintain the assets under management of those funds.

The WisdomTree ETFs have a limited track record and poor investment performance could cause our revenue to decline.

The WisdomTree ETFs have a limited track record upon which an evaluation of their investment performance can be made. At December 31, 2012, of our total 46 ETFs, only 30 ETFs had a five year track record and 39 had a three year track record. Furthermore, as part of our strategy, we continuously evaluate our product offerings to

 

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ensure that all of our funds are useful, compelling and differentiated investment offerings, to more competitively align our overall product line in the current ETF landscape and to reallocate our attention and resources to areas of greater client interest. As a result, we may further adjust our product offering which may result in the closing of some of our ETFs, changing their investment objective or offering of new funds. The investment performance of our funds is important to our success. While strong investment performance could stimulate sales of our ETFs, poor investment performance, on an absolute basis or as compared to third-party benchmarks or competitive products, could lead to a decrease in sales or stimulate redemptions, thereby lowering the assets under management and reducing our revenue. Our fundamentally-weighted equity ETFs are designed to provide the potential for better risk-adjusted investment returns over full market cycles and are best suited for investors with a longer-term investment horizon. However, the investment approach of our equity ETFs may not perform well during certain shorter periods of time during different points in the economic cycle.

We currently depend on BNY Mellon to provide us with critical services to operate our business and the WisdomTree ETFs. The failure of BNY Mellon to adequately provide such services could materially affect our operating business and harm WisdomTree ETF shareholders.

We currently depend upon BNY Mellon to provide the WisdomTree Trust with portfolio management services for all of our ETFs except for three that are managed by other sub-advisors. BNY Mellon also provides us with custody services, fund accounting, administration, transfer agency and securities lending services. The failure of BNY Mellon to provide us and the WisdomTree ETFs with these services could result in financial loss to us and WisdomTree ETF shareholders. In addition, because BNY Mellon provides a multitude of important services to us, and portfolio management for the WisdomTree ETFs covers several different asset classes, changing this vendor relationship would be challenging. It might require us to devote a significant portion of management’s time to negotiate a similar relationship with another vendor or have these services provided by multiple vendors, which would require us to coordinate the transfer of these functions to another vendor or vendors.

We depend on other third parties to provide many critical services to operate our business and the WisdomTree ETFs. The failure of key vendors to adequately provide such services could materially affect our operating business and harm WisdomTree ETF shareholders.

In addition to BNY Mellon, we depend on other third-party vendors to provide us with many services that are critical to operating our business, including two additional subadvisers that provide us with portfolio management services, a third-party provider of index calculation services for our indexes, a distributor of the WisdomTree ETFs and a third-party provider of indicative values of the portfolios of the WisdomTree ETFs. The failure of these key vendors to provide us and the WisdomTree ETFs with these services could lead to operational issues and result in financial loss to us and WisdomTree ETF shareholders.

The asset management business is intensely competitive. Many of our competitors have greater market share, offer a broader range of products and have greater financial resources than we do. As a result, we may experience pressures on our pricing and market share.

Our business operates in intensely competitive industry segments. We compete directly with other ETF sponsors and mutual fund companies and indirectly against other investment management firms, insurance companies, banks, brokerage firms and other financial institutions that offer products that have similar features and investment objectives to those offered by us. We compete based on a number of factors, including name recognition, service, investment performance, product features and breadth of product choices, and fees. Many of our competitors have greater market share, offer a broader range of products and have greater financial resources than we do. Some financial institutions operate in a more favorable regulatory environment and/or have proprietary products and distribution channels which may provide certain competitive advantages to them and their investment products. Our competitors may also adopt products, services or strategies similar to ours, including the use of fundamentally-weighted indexes. In addition, over time certain sectors of the financial services industry have become considerably more concentrated, as financial institutions involved in a broad

 

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range of financial services have been acquired by or merged into other firms. This convergence could result in our competitors gaining greater resources and we may experience pressures on our pricing and market share as a result of these factors and as some of our competitors seek to increase market share by reducing prices. We believe that competition within the ETF industry will continue to increase as more traditional asset management companies become ETF sponsors.

Competitive pressures could reduce revenue and profit margins.

The investment management business is highly competitive and has relatively low barriers to entry. Although the ETF industry currently has a higher barrier to entry as a result of the need for ETF sponsors to obtain exemptive relief from the SEC in order to operate ETFs, we expect that additional companies, both new companies and traditional asset managers, many of whom are much larger than us, will enter the ETF space. In addition, in 2008, the SEC proposed a rule that, if adopted, would eliminate the need to obtain this exemptive relief. In March 2010, the SEC announced it would defer approval of applications for exemptive relief for ETFs that make significant use of derivatives pending a review by the SEC of the use of derivatives by mutual funds, ETFs and other investment companies. This moratorium was lifted in December, 2012 and may have served in the past to prevent potential competitors from directly competing with certain of our products. Now that the moratorium has been lifted we may face increased competition and we may be forced to compete increasingly on the basis of price, we may not be able to maintain our current fee structure. Fee reductions on existing or future new products could cause our revenue and profit margins to decline.

Our revenue could be adversely affected if the WisdomTree Trust determines that the advisory fees we receive from the WisdomTree ETFs should be reduced.

Our advisory agreements with the WisdomTree Trust and the fees we collect from the WisdomTree ETFs are subject to review and approval by the independent trustees of the WisdomTree Trust. The advisory agreements are subject to initial review and approval. After the initial two-year term of the agreement for each ETF, the continuation of such agreement must be reviewed and approved at least annually by a majority of the independent trustees. In determining whether to approve the agreements, the independent trustees consider factors such as (i) the nature and quality of the services provided by us, (ii) the fees charged by us and the costs and profits realized by us in connection with such services, as well as any ancillary or “fall-out” benefits from such services, (iii) the extent to which economies of scale are shared with the WisdomTree ETFs, and (iv) the level of fees paid by other similar funds. If the independent trustees determine that the advisory fees we charge to any particular fund are too high, we will need to reduce our fees, which could adversely affect our revenue.

We have contracted with a third-party financial intermediary that markets our investment portfolios in Latin America and this relationship may not be available or profitable to us in the future.

This third-party intermediary generally offers its clients various investment products in addition to, and in competition with, our investment offerings. It would be difficult for us to acquire or retain the management of those assets without the assistance of the intermediary and we cannot be assured that we will be able to maintain this marketing relationship.

Our risk management policies and procedures, and those of our third-party vendors upon which we rely, may not be fully effective in identifying or mitigating risk exposure, including employee misconduct. If our policies and procedures do not adequately protect us from exposure to these risks, we may incur losses that would adversely affect our financial condition, reputation and market share.

We have developed risk management policies and procedures and we continue to refine them as we conduct our business. Many of our procedures involve oversight of third-party vendors that provide us with critical services such as portfolio management, custody and fund accounting and administration, and index calculation services. Our policies and procedures to identify, monitor and manage risks may not be fully effective in mitigating our risk exposure. Moreover, we are subject to the risks of errors and misconduct by our employees,

 

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including fraud and non-compliance with policies. These risks are difficult to detect in advance and deter, and could harm our business, results of operations or financial condition. Although we maintain insurance and use other traditional risk-shifting tools, such as third-party indemnification, in order to manage certain exposures, they are subject to terms such as deductibles, coinsurance, limits and policy exclusions, as well as risk of counterparty denial of coverage, default or insolvency. If our policies and procedures do not adequately protect us from exposure and our exposure is not adequately covered by insurance or other risk-shifting tools, we may incur losses that would adversely affect our financial condition and could cause a reduction in our revenue as WisdomTree ETF shareholders shift their investments to the products of our competitors.

Compliance with extensive, complex and changing regulation imposes significant financial and strategic costs on our business, and non-compliance could result in fines and penalties.

Our business is subject to extensive regulation of our business and operations. Our subsidiary, WisdomTree Asset Management, Inc., or WTAM, is a registered investment adviser and is subject to oversight by the SEC pursuant to its regulatory authority under the Investment Advisers Act. We also must comply with certain requirements under the Investment Company Act, with respect to the WisdomTree ETFs for which WTAM acts as investment adviser. WTAM is also a member of the National Futures Association, or NFA, and registered as a Commodity Pool Operator for certain of our ETFs. As a Commodity Pool Operator we are subject to oversight by the NFA and the Commodities Futures Trading Commission pursuant to regulatory authority under the Commodities Exchange Act. In addition, the content and use of our marketing and sales materials and of our sales force is subject to the regulatory authority of FINRA. To a lesser extent, we are also subject to foreign laws and regulatory authorities with respect to operational aspects of our funds that invest in securities of issuers in foreign countries and in the sales of our funds in foreign jurisdictions. Each of the regulatory bodies with jurisdiction over us has regulatory powers dealing with many aspects of our business, including the authority to grant, and, in specific circumstances to cancel, permissions to carry on particular businesses. Our failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations could result in fines, censure, suspensions of personnel or other sanctions, including revocation of our registration as an investment adviser. Even if a sanction imposed against us or our personnel is small in monetary amount, the adverse publicity arising from the imposition of sanctions against us by regulators could harm our reputation and thus result in redemptions from our ETFs and impede our ability to retain WisdomTree ETF shareholders and develop new WisdomTree ETF shareholders, all of which may reduce our revenue.

We face the risk of significant intervention by regulatory authorities, including extended investigation activity, adoption of costly or restrictive new regulations and judicial or administrative proceedings that may result in substantial penalties. Among other things, we could be fined or be prohibited from engaging in some of our business activities. The requirements imposed by our regulators are designed to ensure the integrity of the financial markets and to protect WisdomTree ETF shareholders and our advisory clients, and are not designed to protect our stockholders. Consequently, these regulations often serve to limit our activities, including through WisdomTree ETF shareholder protection and market conduct requirements.

In addition, the regulatory environment in which we operate is subject to modifications and further regulation. Recently, concerns have been raised about ETF’s alleged contribution to market volatility as well as the disclosure requirements applicable to certain types of more complex ETFs. New laws or regulations, or changes in the enforcement of existing laws or regulations, applicable to us and our clients also may adversely affect our business, and our ability to function in this environment will depend on our ability to constantly monitor and react to these changes. Regulatory uncertainty continues to surround the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, which represented a comprehensive overhaul of the financial services regulatory environment and requires federal agencies to implement numerous new rules, which, if adopted, may impose additional regulatory burdens and expenses on our business. Compliance with new laws and regulations may result in increased compliance costs and expenses.

Specific regulatory changes also may have a direct impact on our revenue. In addition to regulatory scrutiny and potential fines and sanctions, regulators continue to examine different aspects of the asset management industry.

 

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New regulation or judicial interpretations regarding the annual approval process for investment advisory agreements may result in the reduction of fees under these agreements, which would mean a reduction in our revenue.

Damage to our reputation could adversely affect our business.

We believe we have developed a strong brand and a reputation for innovative, thoughtful products, favorable long-term investment performance and excellent client services. The WisdomTree name and brand is a valuable asset and any damage to it could hamper our ability to maintain and grow our AUM and attract and retain employees, thereby having a material adverse effect on our revenue. Risks to our reputation may range from regulatory issues to unsubstantiated accusations. Managing such matters may be expensive, time-consuming and difficult. As described in the section entitled “Management—Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings,” Michael Steinhardt, who currently serves as the chairman of our Board of Directors and beneficially owns approximately 15.4% of our common stock, was sanctioned in civil litigation by the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and is required to, among other things, self-report certain trading activity not involving the Company’s securities to the SEC. Mr. Steinhardt’s actions did not involve the Company and, based on the facts currently known, which we are continuing to review, we do not believe Mr. Steinhardt’s actions will have a material impact on our business, although there can be no assurance that this will be the case or that these matters, and any investigations or actions that result from these matters, will not have an adverse effect on our reputation or the price of our common stock. For more details, see the section entitled “Management—Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings.”

Abnormally wide bid/ask spreads and market disruptions that halt or disrupt trading or create extreme volatility could undermine investor confidence in the ETF investment structure and limit investor acceptance of ETFs.

The shares of the WisdomTree ETFs, like the shares of all ETFs, trade on exchanges in market transactions that generally approximate the value of the underlying portfolio of securities held by the particular ETF. Trading involves risks including the potential lack of an active market for fund shares, abnormally wide bid/ask spreads (the difference between the prices at which shares of an ETF can be bought and sold) that can exist for a variety of reasons and losses from trading. These risks can be exacerbated during periods when there is low demand for an ETF, when the markets in the underlying basket of securities are closed, when markets conditions are extremely volatile or when trading is disrupted. This could result in limited growth or a reduction in the overall ETF market and result in our revenue not growing as rapidly as it has in the recent past or even in a reduction of revenue.

We have experienced significant growth in recent years, and if we were unable to manage this growth it could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We have experienced significant growth in recent years, which has placed increased demands on our management and other resources and will continue to do so in the future. We may not be able to maintain or accelerate our current growth rate, manage our expanding operations effectively or achieve planned growth on a timely or profitable basis. Managing our growth effectively will involve, among other things:

 

   

continuing to retain, motivate and manage our existing employees and attract and integrate new employees;

 

   

developing, implementing and improving our operational, financial, accounting, reporting and other internal systems and controls on a timely basis; and

 

   

maintaining and developing our various support functions including human resources, information technology, legal and corporate communications.

If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, there could be a material adverse effect on our ability to maintain or increase revenue and profitability.

 

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Continued growth will require continued investment in personnel, information technology infrastructure and marketing activities, as well as further development and implementation of financial, operational and compliance systems and controls. We may not be successful in implementing all of the processes that are necessary to support our growth. Unless our growth results in an increase in our revenue that is at least proportionate to the increase in our costs associated with this growth, our gross margins and our future profitability will be adversely affected.

Our growth strategy also involves, among other things, diversifying our product line to include more ETFs in non-equity asset classes, including fixed income and alternative investment strategies. This will require us to develop products in areas in which we do not have significant prior experience. We may not be successful in developing new products and if developed and launched, we may not be successful in marketing these new products.

Our ability to operate effectively could be impaired if we fail to retain or recruit key personnel.

The success of our business and the implementation of our growth strategy are highly dependent on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled, and sometimes highly specialized, employees, including in particular, operations, product development, research and sales personnel. Our employees may voluntarily terminate their employment at any time. The market for these individuals is extremely competitive and is likely to become more so as additional investment management firms enter the ETF industry. Our compensation methods may not enable us to recruit and retain required personnel. In particular, our use of equity grants as a component of total employee compensation may be ineffective if the market price of our common stock declines. Also, we may need to increase compensation levels, which would decrease our net income or increase our losses. If we are unable to retain and attract key personnel, it could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Changes in U.S. federal income tax law could make some of our products less attractive to investors.

Many of the WisdomTree ETFs seek to obtain the investment return achieved by our proprietary indexes that weigh index components based upon dividends. Even with the recent increase in tax rates applicable to dividends, corporate dividends continue to enjoy favorable tax treatment under current U.S. federal income tax law. If the tax rates imposed on dividends were increased, it may make these WisdomTree ETFs less attractive to investors.

Our expenses are subject to fluctuations that could materially affect our operating results.

Our results of operations are dependent in part on the level of our expenses, which can vary from quarter to quarter. Our expenses may fluctuate primarily as a result of discretionary spending, including marketing, advertising and sales expenses we incur to support our growth initiatives. Accordingly, our results of operation may vary from quarter to quarter.

Any significant limitation or failure of our technology systems, or the technology systems of our third party vendors, that are critical to our operations could interrupt or damage our operations and result in material financial loss, regulatory violations, reputational harm or legal liability.

We are dependent upon the effectiveness of our own, and our vendors’, information security policies, procedures and capabilities to protect the technology systems used to operate our business and to protect the data that reside on or are transmitted through them. Although we and our third party vendors take protective measures to secure information, our technology systems may still be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other events that could result in inaccuracies in our information or system disruptions or failures, which could materially interrupt or damage our operations. Any inaccuracies, delays or system failures could subject us to client dissatisfaction and losses or result in material financial loss, regulatory violations, reputational harm or legal liability, which, in turn, could cause a decline in our earnings or stock price.

 

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We may from time to time in the future be involved in legal proceedings that could require significant management time and attention, possibly resulting in significant expense or in an unfavorable outcome, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

From time to time, we may be subject to litigation. In connection with any litigation in which we are involved, we may be forced to incur costs and expenses in connection with defending ourselves or in connection with the payment of any settlement or judgment or compliance with any injunctions in connection therewith if there is an unfavorable outcome. The expense of defending litigation may be significant. The amount of time to resolve lawsuits is unpredictable and defending ourselves may divert management’s attention from the day-to-day operations of our business, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, an unfavorable outcome in any such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The Chairman of our Board may be subject to future sanctions that could adversely affect us.

Michael Steinhardt, who currently serves as the chairman of our Board of Directors, was sanctioned in civil litigation by the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and was required to, among other things, self-report certain trading activity not involving the Company’s securities to the SEC. If the SEC or NASDAQ were to conclude that Mr. Steinhardt’s actions violated federal securities law or other rules, the SEC or NASDAQ could seek remedies including, among other things, barring Mr. Steinhardt from serving on our Board of Directors. NASDAQ could also seek to delist shares of our common stock from the NASDAQ Global Market. Mr. Steinhardt’s actions did not involve the Company and, based on the facts currently known, which we are continuing to monitor, we do not believe Mr. Steinhardt’s actions will have a material impact on our business. However, there can be no assurance that this will be the case or that this will not have an adverse effect on our reputation or the price of our common stock.

Catastrophic and unpredictable events could have a material adverse effect on our business.

A terrorist attack, war, power failure, cyber-attack, natural disaster or other catastrophic or unpredictable event could adversely affect our revenue, expenses and operating results by: interrupting our normal business operations; inflicting employee casualties, including loss of our key employees; requiring substantial expenditures and expenses to repair, replace and restore normal business operations; and reducing investor confidence. We have a disaster recovery plan to address certain contingencies, but this plan may not be sufficient in responding or ameliorating the effects of all disaster scenarios. Similarly, these types of events could also affect the ability of the third-party vendors that we rely upon to conduct our business—e.g., BNY Mellon which provides us with sub-advisory portfolio management services for most of our funds as well as custodial, fund accounting and administration services, or Standard & Poor’s, which provide us with index calculation services—to continue to provide these necessary services to us, even though they may also have disaster recovery plans to address these contingencies. If we or our third-party vendors are unable to respond adequately or in a timely manner, this failure may result in a loss of revenue and/or increased expenses, either of which would have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

A change of control of our Company would automatically terminate our investment management agreements relating to the WisdomTree ETFs unless the Board of Trustees of the WisdomTree Trust and shareholders of the WisdomTree ETFs voted to continue the agreements. A change in control could occur if a third party were to acquire controlling interest in our Company.

Under the Investment Company Act, an investment management agreement with a fund must provide for its automatic termination in the event of its assignment. The fund’s board must vote to continue such an agreement following any such assignment and the shareholders of the WisdomTree ETFs must approve the assignment. The cost of obtaining such shareholder approval can be significant and which ordinarily would be borne by us. Similarly, under the Investment Advisers Act, a client’s investment management agreement may not be “assigned” by the investment advisor without the client’s consent.

 

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An investment management agreement is considered under both acts to be assigned to another party when a controlling block of the advisor’s securities is transferred. Under both acts, there is a presumption that a stockholder beneficially owning 25% or more of an advisor’s voting stock controls the advisor and conversely a stockholder beneficially owning less than 25% is presumed not to control the advisor. In our case, an assignment of our investment management agreements may occur if a third party were to acquire a controlling interest in our Company. We cannot be certain that the Trustees of the WisdomTree ETFs would consent to assignments of our investment management agreements or approve new agreements with us if a change of control occurs. And even if such approval were obtained, approval from the shareholders of the WisdomTree ETFs would be required to be obtained; such approval could not be guaranteed and even if obtained, likely would result in significant expense. This restriction may discourage potential purchasers from acquiring a controlling interest in our Company.

We may from time to time be subject to claims of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, which could harm our business.

Third parties may assert against us alleged patent, copyright, trademark or other intellectual property rights to intellectual property that is important to our business. Any claims that our products or processes infringe the intellectual property rights of others, regardless of the merit or resolution of such claims, could cause us to incur significant costs in responding to, defending and resolving such claims, and may divert the efforts and attention of our management from our business. As a result of such intellectual property infringement claims, we could be required or otherwise decide that it is appropriate to:

 

   

pay third-party infringement claims;

 

   

discontinue selling the particular funds subject to infringement claims;

 

   

discontinue using the processes subject to infringement claims;

 

   

develop other intellectual property or products not subject to infringement claims, which could be time-consuming and costly or may not be possible; or

 

   

license the intellectual property from the third party claiming infringement, which license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms.

The occurrence of any of the foregoing could result in unexpected expenses, reduce our revenue and adversely affect our business and financial results. In addition, we are currently covered by a relatively small number of equity research analysts, whose views on the merits or impact of any claim of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights may differ from ours and result in the issuance of unfavorable commentaries by such analysts, which could have an adverse effect on the price and trading volume of our common stock.

For example, on December 1, 2011, Research Affiliates, LLC filed suit against us in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, alleging that the fundamentally weighted investment methodology we employ infringes three of plaintiff’s patents, and seeking both unspecified monetary damages to be determined and an injunction to prevent further infringement. For more details, see “Business—Legal Proceedings.” Although this matter was settled in a manner satisfactory to us, we could face similar suits in the future.

We have been issued a patent and have applied for other patents, but additional patents may not be issued and we may not be able to enforce or protect our patents and other intellectual property rights, which may harm our ability to compete and harm our business.

Although we have a patent and have applied for other patents relating to our index methodology and the operation of our equity ETFs, these other patents may not be issued to us. In addition, even if issued, our ability to enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights is subject to general litigation risks. While we have been competing without the benefit of these patents being issued, if they are not issued or we cannot successfully enforce them, we may lose the benefit of a future competitive advantage that they would otherwise provide to us. If we seek to enforce our rights, we could be subject to claims that the intellectual property right is invalid or is

 

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otherwise not enforceable. Furthermore, our assertion of intellectual property rights could result in the other party seeking to assert alleged intellectual property rights of its own or assert other claims against us, which could harm our business. If we are not ultimately successful in defending ourselves against these claims in litigation, we may be subject to the risks described in the immediately preceding risk factor entitled “We may from time to time be subject to claims of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, which could harm our business.”

Future strategic transactions, including business combinations, mergers and acquisitions, may occur at any time, be significant in size relative to our assets and operations, result in significant changes in our business and materially and adversely affect our stock price. Additionally, we may expend significant financial, management time and other resources without the consummation of such transactions or the realization of the anticipated benefits.

We believe attractive opportunities for strategic transactions exist, some of which may be material to our operations and financial condition if consummated. We have engaged in the past and expect to continue to engage in the future in strategic discussions that we believe may enable us to strengthen our business, expand and diversify our product offering, increase our AUM or enter into new markets. Such transactions may result in our issuing a significant amount of our common stock or other security that could be dilutive to our stockholders, result in substantial borrowings, result in changes in our board composition and/or management team, constitute a change of control of our Company, lead to significant changes in our product offering, business operations and earning and risk profiles, and/or result in a decline in the price of our common stock.

Even if consummated, such transactions may involve numerous risks, including, among others:

 

   

failure to achieve financial, operating or business objectives;

 

   

failure to integrate successfully and in a timely manner any operations, products, services or technology;

 

   

diversion of the attention of management and other personnel;

 

   

failure to obtain necessary regulatory, shareholder or other approvals;

 

   

failure to retain personnel;

 

   

failure to obtain any necessary financing on acceptable terms or at all;

 

   

unforeseen liabilities or expenses;

 

   

failure of counterparties to indemnify us against liabilities arising from such transactions;

 

   

potential loss of, or harm to, our relationship with our and the counterparties’ employees, customers and suppliers as a result of integration of new businesses;

 

   

accounting charges;

 

   

unfavorable market conditions that could negatively impact the acquired or combined businesses; and

 

   

legal proceedings, including lawsuits brought by stockholders of us or the counterparties which may result in expenses and/or have a material adverse effect on our business.

We could be prevented from, or significantly delayed in, achieving our strategic goals if we are unable to successfully integrate acquired businesses. Our ability to complete future strategic transactions depends upon a number of factors that are not entirely within our control, including our ability to identify suitable merger or acquisition candidates, negotiate acceptable terms, conclude satisfactory agreements and secure financing. Our failure to complete strategic transactions or to integrate and manage acquired or combined businesses successfully could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial conditions.

 

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Risks Relating to our Common Stock

The market price of our shares may fluctuate significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

The market price of our common stock may fluctuate widely, depending upon many factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including:

 

   

decreases in our assets under management;

 

   

variations in our quarterly operating results;

 

   

differences between our actual financial operating results and those expected by investors and analysts;

 

   

publication of research reports about us or the investment management industry;

 

   

changes in expectations concerning our future financial performance and the future performance of the ETF industry and the asset management industry in general, including financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts;

 

   

our strategic moves and those of our competitors, such as acquisitions or consolidations;

 

   

changes in the regulatory framework of the ETF industry and the asset management industry in general and regulatory action, including action by the SEC to lessen the regulatory requirements or shortening the process to obtain regulatory relief under the Investment Company Act that is necessary to become an ETF sponsor;

 

   

changes in general economic or market conditions; and

 

   

realization of any other of the risks described elsewhere in this section.

In addition, stock markets in general have experienced volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of a particular company. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. Furthermore, in the past, market fluctuations and price declines in a company’s stock have led to securities class action litigations or other derivative shareholder lawsuits. If such a suit were to arise, it could cause substantial costs to us and divert our resources regardless of the outcome.

Future sales of our common stock in the public market by management or our large stockholders could lower our stock price.

As of February 15, 2013, our largest stockholder (who serves on our Board of Directors), together with the other members of our Board of Directors and our executive officers, beneficially owned approximately 25.7% of our outstanding common stock. If our existing stockholders sell, or indicate an intent to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the trading price of our common stock may decline significantly. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that future public sales of these shares or the availability of these shares for sale will have on the market price of our common stock.

If equity research analysts issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our common stock, the price of our common stock could decline.

The trading market for our common stock relies in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts publish about us and our business. We do not control the opinions of these analysts. The price and trading volume of our common stock could decline if one or more equity analysts downgrade our common stock or if analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business.

Future issuance of our common stock could lower our stock price and dilute the interests of existing stockholders.

We may issue additional shares of our common stock in the future, either in connection with an acquisition or for other business reasons. The issuance of a substantial amount of common stock could have the effect of

 

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substantially diluting the interests of our current stockholders. In addition, the sale of a substantial amount of common stock in the public market, either in the initial issuance or in a subsequent resale by the target company in an acquisition which received such common stock as consideration or by investors who acquired such common stock in a private placement could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

The members of our Board of Directors, their affiliates and our executive officers, as stockholders, can exert significant influence over our Company.

As of February 15, 2013, the members of our Board of Directors and our executive officers, as stockholders, collectively beneficially owned 25.7% of our outstanding common stock. As a result of this ownership, they have the ability to significantly influence all matters requiring approval by stockholders of our Company, including the election of directors. This concentration of ownership also may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our Company that may be favored by other stockholders. This could prevent transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over current market prices.

Although our directors and officers have a duty of loyalty to us under Delaware law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, transactions that we enter into in which a director or officer has a conflict of interest are generally permissible so long as (1) the material facts relating to the director’s or officer’s relationship or interest as to the transaction are disclosed to our Board of Directors and a majority of our disinterested directors, or a committee consisting solely of disinterested directors, approves the transaction, (2) the material facts relating to the director’s or officer’s relationship or interest as to the transaction are disclosed to our stockholders and a majority of our disinterested stockholders approves the transaction, or (3) the transaction is otherwise fair to us. Under our certificate of incorporation, representatives of our stockholders are not required to offer to us any transaction opportunity of which they become aware and could take any such opportunity for themselves or offer it to other companies in which they have an investment, unless such opportunity is expressly offered to them solely in their capacity as a director of ours. The listing requirements of the NASDAQ Global Market, upon which our common stock is listed, also require that certain transactions in which a director or officer has a conflict of interest must be considered and approved by our Audit Committee, which consists solely of independent directors.

A provision in our certificate of incorporation and by-laws may prevent or delay an acquisition of our Company, which could decrease the market value of our common stock.

Provisions of Delaware law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated by-laws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control that stockholders may consider favorable. These provisions may also prevent or delay attempts by stockholders to replace or remove our current management or members of our Board of Directors. These provisions include:

 

   

a classified Board of Directors;

 

   

limitations on the removal of directors;

 

   

advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and nominations;

 

   

the inability of stockholders to act by written consent or to call special meetings;

 

   

the ability of our Board of Directors to make, alter or repeal our amended and restated by-laws; and

 

   

the authority of our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock with such terms as our Board of Directors may determine.

In addition, we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which limits business combination transactions with stockholders of 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock that our Board of Directors has not approved. These provisions and other similar provisions make it more difficult for stockholders or potential acquirers to acquire us without negotiation. These provisions may apply even if some stockholders may consider the transaction beneficial to them.

 

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As a result, these provisions could limit the price that investors are willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. These provisions might also discourage a potential acquisition proposal or tender offer, even if the acquisition proposal or tender offer is at a premium over the then current market price for our common stock.

We do not intend to pay dividends in the near term.

We have never paid dividends on our common stock and we currently intend to invest our available cash flow in the near term in strategic growth initiatives, re-acquire shares of our common stock issued to our employees as incentive compensation or expand our business through strategic acquisitions. Thus, the shares of common stock may not realize a return in the form of dividends in the near term. Investors who anticipate the need for immediate dividends from shares of common stock should refrain from purchasing our common stock. In addition, our Board of Directors is authorized, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with such terms as our Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine. Our Board of Directors could, therefore, issue preferred stock with dividend rights superior to that of the common stock, which could also limit the payment of dividends on the common stock.

 

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our principal executive office is located at 380 Madison Ave, New York, New York 10017. We occupy approximately 20,000 square feet of office space under a lease that expires in January 2014. We believe that the space we lease is sufficient to meet our term needs until the expiration of the lease and we have begun to search for new office space and as such expect these costs to increase in the future.

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

As an investment advisor, we may be subject to routine reviews and inspections by the SEC, as well as legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently party to any litigation or other legal proceedings that are expected to have a material impact on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

On December 1, 2011, Research Affiliates, LLC filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, (Research Affiliates, LLC v. WisdomTree Investments, Inc., et. al., Case No. SACV11-01846 DOC (ANx)), naming us and our subsidiaries, as well as WisdomTree Trust, Mellon Capital Management Corporation and ALPS Distributors, Inc., as defendants. In the complaint, plaintiff alleged that the fundamentally weighted investment methodology we employ for the ETFs using our indexes infringed three of plaintiff’s patents and sought both unspecified monetary damages to be determined and an injunction to prevent further infringement.

On November 7, 2012, Research Affiliates, LLC agreed to withdraw its patent infringement suit against us and we agreed to withdraw our counterclaims and entered into a settlement agreement. Under the settlement, all parties exchanged releases for all existing claims. The other material terms of the settlement are as follows:

 

   

Research Affiliates agreed not to sue us for any future claims arising under any current patents held by Research Affiliates, as well as any future patents relating to fundamentally-weighted indexes and strategies that may issue under existing or future patent applications that may be filed by Research Affiliates within the next eight years, subject to reduction by up to three years if Research Affiliates is acquired. The covenant not to sue extends to our service providers and customers in connection with our products and services.

 

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We agreed not to sue Research Affiliates for any future claims arising under any current patents held by us, as well as any future patents relating to fundamentally-weighted indexes and strategies that may issue under existing or future patent applications that may be filed by us within the next eight years, subject to reduction by up to three years if we are acquired. The covenant not to sue extends to service providers and customers of Research Affiliates in connection with Research Affiliates’ products and services.

 

   

Research Affiliates and we agreed that the covenants not to sue do not include a right under each party’s patents to copy the other party’s methodologies. Research Affiliates and we further agreed that it is not copying if Research Affiliates introduces an index or strategy that uses at least three fundamental factors to weight its indexes and they are not predominantly dividend- or earnings-weighted, or we introduce an index or strategy that is weighted by less than three fundamental factors.

 

   

The parties also agreed not to challenge the other party’s patents or patent applications.

 

   

Research Affiliates agreed to a one-time payment of $0.7 million to us. We and the other defendants were not required to make any current or future payments to Research Affiliates.

All other terms of the settlement are confidential and the settlement will not affect the current methodologies and fees for WisdomTree ETFs.

Our insurance carrier funded a significant majority of the cost of defending this patent infringement lawsuit. The net amount of expense, taking into account legal defense and other associated costs we paid to defend ourselves less any amounts our insurance carrier agreed to reimburse us and the receipt of a settlement payment from Research Affiliates, we incurred was $0.2 million in both 2011 and 2012.

 

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “WETF.” Prior to July 26, 2011, our common stock was quoted on the over-the-counter Pink OTC Markets under the symbol “WSDT.” The following table sets forth the intra-day high and low sale prices per share as reported by the NASDAQ Global Market and the Pink OTC Markets, for the respective periods that our common stock was traded thereon.

 

Period

   High      Low  

Fiscal 2012

     

Quarter ended December 31, 2012

   $ 7.34       $ 5.71   

Quarter ended September 30, 2012

   $ 7.26       $ 6.17   

Quarter ended June 30, 2012

   $ 8.74       $ 6.26   

Quarter ended March 31, 2012

   $ 8.95       $ 5.37   

Fiscal 2011

     

Quarter ended December 31, 2011

   $ 8.22       $ 5.68   

Quarter ended September 30, 2011

   $ 9.60       $ 6.35   

Quarter ended June 30, 2011

   $ 7.25       $ 5.68   

Quarter ended March 31, 2011

   $ 5.87       $ 4.08   

As of December 31, 2012, there were approximately 136 holders of record of shares of our common stock and we believe there were approximately 11,151 beneficial owners of our common stock.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock. We do not anticipate paying any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. Any future determination to declare dividends will be subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on various factors, including applicable laws, our results of operations, financial condition, future prospects and any other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The table below sets forth information with respect to shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Company’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2012. Information is included for equity compensation plans approved by our stockholders and equity compensation plans not approved by our stockholders

 

Plan category

   Number of
securities to
be issued
upon

exercise of
outstanding
options,

warrants and
rights (a)
     Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding
options,
warrants and
rights (b)
     Number  of
securities

remaining
available for
future
issuance

under equity
compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in column
(a)) (c)
 

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1)

     5,145,191       $ 1.89         4,305,761   

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(2)

     7,615,000       $ 0.31         631,865   

Total

     12,760,191       $ 0.95         4,937,626   

 

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(1) Includes securities issuable upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights that were issued pursuant to the Company’s 1993 Stock Option Plan, 1996 Performance Equity Plan, 2000 Performance Equity Plan and 2005 Performance Equity Plan.
(2) Our non-plan options are similar to options granted under our equity compensation plans and generally were granted outside of these plans when insufficient shares were available for grant under our plans. These options provide the holder with the right to purchase a certain number of shares of our common stock at a predetermined fixed price for a period of not more than ten years. All of the non-plan options were granted to directors, employees or advisors to our Board of Directors and the exercise price was determined to be not less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” of shares of the Company’s common stock.

 

     (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)  
     Total Number  of
Shares Purchased(1)
     Average Price Paid
Per Share
     Total Number  of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans or
Programs
     Approximate  Dollar
Value of Shares that
May Yet be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs
 

October 1, 2012 to October 31, 2012

     —           —           —           —     

November 1, 2012 to November 30, 2012

     —           —           —           —     

December 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012

     174,951       $ 6.24         —           —     

 

(1) Total number of shares purchased reflects shares withheld pursuant to the terms of awards granted to employees towards the employee’s tax withholding obligations that occur upon vesting and release of the restricted shares. The value of the shares withheld is based upon the volume weighted average price of the common stock on the date of vesting. During the three months ended December 31, 2012, the Company repurchased 174,951 shares of Company stock withheld pursuant to the terms of awards granted to employees towards tax withholding obligations for an aggregate price of $1,091,694 with an average price per share of $6.24.

 

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

You should read the selected consolidated financial data presented below in conjunction with the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Report and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Report. The selected consolidated statements of operations data presented below under the heading “Consolidated Statements of Operations Data” for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data presented below under the heading “Consolidated Balance Sheet Data” as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report. The selected consolidated financial data presented below under the headings “Consolidated Statements of Operations Data” for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009 and under “Consolidated Balance Sheet Data” as of December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements not included in this Report. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the financial results to be expected for future periods.

 

    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010     2011     2012  
    (in thousands, except share and per share data)  

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

                             

Revenues:

         

ETF advisory fees

  $ 21,643      $ 20,812      $ 40,567      $ 64,366      $ 84,024   

Other income

    1,968        1,283        1,045        794        774   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

    23,611        22,095        41,612        65,160        84,798   

Expenses:

         

Compensation and benefits

    20,338        18,943        19,193        19,634        23,233   

Fund management and administration

    14,772        13,387        14,286        19,882        23,020   

Marketing and advertising

    5,875        2,762        3,721        4,475        5,363   

Sales and business development

    3,642        2,495        2,730        3,603        3,586   

Professional and consulting fees

    1,871        1,780        3,779        4,307        4,603   

Occupancy, communications and equipment

    1,564        1,087        1,118        1,127        1,419   

Depreciation and amortization

    337        360        314        267        307   

Third party sharing arrangements

    (320     89        2,296        5,651        5,468   

Other

    2,577        2,420        1,724        2,243        2,976   

ETF shareholder proxy

    —         —         —         —         3,264   

Litigation, net

    —         —         —         150        176   

Exchange listing and offering

    —         —         —         729        353   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses

    50,656        43,323        49,161        62,068        73,768   

Income/(loss) before provision for income taxes

    (27,045     (21,228     (7,549     3,092        11,030   

Provision for income taxes

    —         —         —         —         —    

Tax benefit

    —         —         —         —         —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income/(loss)

  $ (27,045   $ (21,228   $ (7,549   $ 3,092      $ 11,030   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income/(loss) per share—basic

  $ (0.27   $ (0.21   $ (0.07   $ 0.03      $ 0.09   

Net income/(loss) per share—diluted

  $ (0.27   $ (0.21   $ (0.07   $ 0.02      $ 0.08   

Weighted average common shares—basic:

    100,236        103,397        111,981        114,132        122,138   

Weighted average common shares—diluted:

    100,236        103,397        111,981        135,539        137,968   
    As of December 31,  
    2008     2009     2010     2011     2012  
    (in thousands)  

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

                             

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 13,275      $ 11,476      $ 14,233      $ 25,630      $ 41,246   

Total assets

  $ 34,856      $ 25,703      $ 29,142      $ 42,567      $ 63,425   

Total liabilities

  $ 12,800      $ 9,675      $ 11,907      $ 16,714      $ 12,365   

Stockholders’ equity

  $ 22,056      $ 16,028      $ 17,235      $ 25,853      $ 51,060   

 

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the other financial information included elsewhere in this Report. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below. For a more complete description of the risks noted above and other risks that could cause our actual results to materially differ from our current expectations, please see the Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Report. We assume no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless required by law.

Executive Summary

We were the seventh largest sponsor of ETFs in the United States based on AUM, with AUM of approximately $18.3 billion as of December 31, 2012. An ETF is an investment fund that holds securities such as equities or bonds and/or other assets such as derivatives or commodities and that generally trades at approximately the same price as the net asset value of its underlying components over the course of the trading day. ETFs offer exposure to a wide variety of investment themes, including domestic, international and global equities, fixed income securities, currencies or commodities, as well as securities in specific industries and countries. At December 31, 2012 we offered a comprehensive family of 46 ETFs, which includes 34 international and domestic equity ETFs, five currency ETFs, five international fixed income ETFs and two alternative strategy ETFs.

Through our operating subsidiary, we provide investment advisory and other management services to the WisdomTree ETFs. In exchange for providing these services, we receive advisory fee revenues based on a percentage of the ETFs average daily net assets under management. Our expenses are predominantly related to selling, operating and marketing our ETFs. We have contracted with third parties to provide certain operational services for the ETFs.

We distribute our ETFs through all major channels within the asset management industry, including brokerage firms, registered investment advisors, institutional investors, private wealth managers and discount brokers. We do not target our ETFs for sale directly to the retail segment but rather to financial or investment advisor which act as intermediaries between the end-client and us.

Our revenues have increased substantially since we launched our ETFs in June 2006. Our revenues have grown from $41.6 million in 2010 to a record $84.8 million in 2012 and our financial results have improved from a net loss of $7.5 million in 2010 to net income of $11.0 million in 2012.

Market Environment

We have been and continue to operate in an extremely challenging and highly competitive business environment. Since the financial crises in 2008 and 2009, equity markets have generally improved; however, the markets continue to experience significant volatility due to a host of factors including underlying concerns regarding unemployment and the rate of economic recovery in the United States, the stability of European economies and their banks, and rising inflation and sustainability of growth in the emerging market countries.

 

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Since the end of 2009 to the end of 2012, the S&P 500, MSCI EAFE and MSCI Emerging Markets indexes increased 36%, 11% and 15%, respectively; however equity markets have fluctuated significantly during that time period. The following chart reflects the returns for the three broad based equity market indexes and our AUM:

 

LOGO

Investment into the markets have been tepid since the financial crisis as reflected by the flows into long-term mutual funds and ETFs as indicated on the chart below:

 

LOGO

 

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Despite the tepid flows, ETFs flows experienced a record $185 billion in net inflows. In fact, over the last five years, ETFs have gathered more than 50% of the cumulative aggregate inflows of long-term mutual funds and ETFs.

 

LOGO

While both mutual funds and ETFs have experienced inflows into fixed income products over the last 5 years, long-term mutual funds have experienced significant outflows of $517 billion in equity products. ETFs, on the other hand, have experienced inflows of $534 billion in equity products.

 

LOGO

We believe this trend in equity flows is indicative that investors are favoring ETFs, rather than mutual funds, to obtain their equity exposure.

Our Results and Other Business Highlights

Despite a challenging economic environment, our AUM has been growing and reaching record levels each year from $9.9 billion at the end of 2010 to $18.3 billion at the end of 2012. Our net inflows have also been increasing during that same time period from $3.1 billion to $4.7 billion. We believe this trend is a result of our strong product offerings in emerging markets, new product launches to further diversify our product offering, as well as a longer track record for the funds we launched in 2006 and 2007. Our growth strategy seeks to increase our market share of ETF industry inflows through continued product diversification and execution of our marketing and sales strategies.

 

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The following charts reflect certain key operating statistics of our business for the periods indicated:

 

LOGO    LOGO

 

LOGO   

 

LOGO    LOGO

Public Offerings

In February 2012, we completed a public offering of our common stock at $5.61 per share. We sold 1 million shares and certain of our stockholders sold 15.5 million shares. Proceeds to us, less commissions and other direct selling expenses, were approximately $4.3 million and were used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. In November 2012, we completed a second public offering of our common stock where certain of our existing stock holders sold 27.8 million shares at $6.10 per share. We did not sell any stock in the second offering and we did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders. We incurred $0.4 million in expenses in 2012 related to the November offering.

 

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Price Competition in Market Capitalization Weighted Index ETFs

There has been significant price competition in certain broad based market capitalization weighted index ETFs sponsored by Charles Schwab, Vanguard and BlackRock’s iShares. We believe one of our key competitive strengths is that our equity ETFs are based on our own fundamentally weighted index methodology, not market capitalization weighted indexes provided by third parties such as MSCI, S&P Dow Jones or FTSE. This key competitive strength is apparent when comparing the after fee performance of our equity ETFs against their competitive market capitalization weighted indexes, which do not charge a fee. Using our approach, 72% of the $15.4 billion invested in our 34 equity ETFs were in funds that, since their respective inceptions through December 31, 2012, outperformed their market capitalization weighted or competitive benchmarks. Similarly, 23 of our 34 equity ETFs have outperformed their market capitalization weighted or competitive benchmarks over the same period. That is, even after fees, we believe our fundamentally weighted approach can provide investors with better risk-adjusted returns over the long term. We believe our approach differentiates us from our competitors and helps to shield us from the intense price competition occurring in broad based market capitalization weighted index ETFs.

Patent Litigation

On December 1, 2011, Research Affiliates, LLC filed suit against us in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, alleging that the fundamentally weighted investment methodology we employ infringes three of plaintiff’s patents, and seeking both unspecified monetary damages in an amount to be determined and an injunction to prevent further infringement. On November 7, 2012, Research Affiliates, LLC agreed to withdraw its patent infringement suit against us and we agreed to withdraw our counterclaims and entered into a settlement agreement. Under the settlement, all parties exchanged releases for all existing claims. The other material terms of the settlement are as follows:

 

   

Research Affiliates agreed not to sue us for any future claims arising under any current patents held by Research Affiliates, as well as any future patents relating to fundamentally-weighted indexes and strategies that may issue under existing or future patent applications that may be filed by Research Affiliates within the next eight years, subject to reduction by up to three years if Research Affiliates is acquired. The covenant not to sue extends to our service providers and customers in connection with our products and services.

 

   

We have agreed not to sue Research Affiliates for any future claims arising under any current patents held by us, as well as any future patents relating to fundamentally-weighted indexes and strategies that may issue under existing or future patent applications that may be filed by us within the next eight years, subject to reduction by up to three years if we are acquired. The covenant not to sue extends to service providers and customers of Research Affiliates in connection with Research Affiliates’ products and services.

 

   

Research Affiliates and we have agreed that the covenants not to sue do not include a right under each party’s patents to copy the other party’s methodologies. Research Affiliates and we have further agreed that it is not copying if Research Affiliates introduces an index or strategy that uses at least three fundamental factors to weight its indexes and they are not predominantly dividend- or earnings-weighted, or we introduce an index or strategy that is weighted by less than three fundamental factors.

 

   

The parties also agreed not to challenge the other party’s patents or patent applications.

 

   

Research Affiliates agreed to a one-time payment of $0.7 million to us. We and the other defendants were not required to make any current or future payments to Research Affiliates.

All other terms of the settlement are confidential and the settlement will not affect the current methodologies and fees for WisdomTree ETFs.

Our insurance carrier funded a significant majority of the cost of defending this patent infringement lawsuit. The net amount of expense, taking into account legal defense and other associated costs we paid to defend ourselves less any amounts our insurance carrier reimbursed us and the receipt of a settlement payment from Research Affiliates, we incurred was $0.2 million in both 2011 and 2012.

 

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Expiration of Joint Venture with BNY Mellon

In 2008, we entered into a mutual participation agreement with Mellon Capital and Dreyfus, wholly owned by BNY Mellon, in which we agreed to collaborate in developing currency and fixed income ETFs under the WisdomTree Trust. Under the agreement, we contributed our expertise in operating the ETFs, sales, marketing and research, and BNY Mellon contributed sub-advisory, fund administration and accounting services for these collaborated ETFs. All third-party costs and profits and losses are shared equally. This agreement was to expire in March 2013.

On October 25, 2012, we agreed to terminate the agreement on December 31, 2012 and entered into a new fee arrangement with BNY Mellon effective January 1, 2013. Under the new arrangement, BNY Mellon will continue to serve as portfolio manager to these ETFs under more traditional sub-advisory economic terms, which is expected to result in improved gross margins on these ETFs at current asset levels.

ETF shareholder proxy solicitation

In the second quarter of 2012, we initiated the solicitation of proxies from the WisdomTree ETF shareholders to obtain approval for us to continue as investment advisor for the WisdomTree ETFs if our largest stockholder, Michael Steinhardt, who beneficially owned 25.5% of our common stock prior to the second public offering discussed above under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Our Results and Other Business Highlights—Public Offerings”, were to sell or otherwise transfer shares of our common stock resulting in his beneficial ownership falling below 25%. The Investment Company Act presumes a change in control of our Company if Mr. Steinhardt’s ownership fell below the 25% threshold, which would trigger an automatic termination of our investment advisory agreements with the WisdomTree Trust and require approval of the WisdomTree ETF shareholders to continue the agreements. We also sought approval from the WisdomTree ETF shareholders to allow us to change sub-advisors in the future without further shareholder approval. We completed the proxy solicitation and obtained the required approvals in August 2012. No further shareholder approval was required when, in November 2012, Mr. Steinhardt’s ownership fell below 25% in connection with a secondary offering we conducted. We incurred $3.3 million in proxy related expenses in 2012.

NASDAQ Listing

On July 26, 2011, we listed our common stock on The NASDAQ Global Market under symbol “WETF.” Prior to the listing, our common stock was traded on the Pink OTC Market under the symbol “WSDT.” We incurred $0.7 million in expenses related to this listing in 2011.

Components of Revenue

ETF advisory fees

The majority of our revenues are comprised of advisory fees we earn from our ETFs. We earn this revenue based on a percentage of the average daily value of AUM. Our average daily value of AUM is the average of the daily aggregate AUM of our ETFs as determined by the then current net asset value (as defined under Investment Company Act Rule 2a-4) of such ETFs as of the close of business each day. Our fee percentages for individual ETFs range from 0.28% to 0.95%. A summary of the average advisory fee we earn and AUM as of December 31, 2012 by asset class is as follows:

 

     Average
Advisory Fee
    AUM  
           (in billions)  

Emerging Markets Equity ETFs

     0.67   $ 7.3   

U.S. Equity ETFs

     0.35   $ 4.4   

International Developed Equity ETFs

     0.54   $ 3.8   

International Fixed Income ETFs

     0.55   $ 2.1   

Currency ETFs

     0.50   $ 0.6   

Alternative Strategy ETFs

     0.95   $ 0.1   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Average Advisory Fee and AUM

     0.54   $ 18.3   

 

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We determine the appropriate advisory fee to charge for our ETFs based on the cost of operating each particular ETF taking into account the types of securities the ETFs will hold, fees third party service providers will charge us for operating the ETFs and our competitors’ fees for similar ETFs. Generally, our actively managed ETFs, such as our Alternative Strategy and Currency ETFs, along with our Emerging Market ETFs, are priced higher than our other index based ETFs as the former are more costly to operate.

Each of our ETFs has a fixed advisory fee. In order to increase the advisory fee, we would need to obtain the approval from a majority of the ETF shareholders which may be difficult or not possible to achieve. There may also be a significant cost in obtaining such ETF shareholder approval. We do not need ETF shareholder approval to lower our advisory fee.

Until the end of 2012, the advisory fee charged for our Currency ETFs and one Fixed Income ETF was subject to a joint venture with Mellon Capital and Dreyfus as discussed above under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Our Results and Other Business Highlights— Expiration of Joint Venture with BNY Mellon”. We have determined that we are the principal participant for transactions under this collaborative arrangement and as such, the advisory fee above reflects the gross fee under this arrangement—see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” included in this Report.

Our ETF advisory fee revenue may fluctuate based on general stock market trends which include market value appreciation or depreciation, currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar and level of inflows or outflows from our ETFs. In addition, these revenues may fluctuate due to increased competition or a determination by the independent trustees of the WisdomTree ETFs to terminate or significantly alter the funds’ investment management agreements with us.

Other income

Other income includes fees from licensing our indexes to third parties and interest income from investing our corporate cash. These revenues are immaterial to our financial results and we do not expect them to be material in the near term.

Components of Expenses

Our operating expenses consist primarily of costs related to selling, operating and marketing our ETFs as well as the infrastructure needed to run our business.

Compensation and benefits

Employee compensation and benefits expenses are expensed when incurred and include salaries, incentive compensation, and related benefit costs. Virtually all our employees receive incentive compensation which is

based on our operating results as well as their individual performance. Therefore, a portion of this expense will fluctuate with our business results. In order to attract and retain qualified personnel, we must maintain competitive employee compensation and benefit plans. In normal circumstances, we expect to experience a general rise in employee compensation and benefit expenses over the long term as we grow; however, the rate of increase should be less than the rate of increase in our revenues.

Also included in compensation and benefits are costs related to equity awards granted to our employees. Our executive management and Board of Directors believe very strongly that equity awards are an important part of our employees overall compensation package and that incentivizing our employees with equity in the Company aligns the interest of our employees with that of our stockholders. We use the fair value method in recording compensation expense for restricted stock and options grants. Under the fair value method, compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized as an expense over the vesting period. Fair value is determined on the date granted using the Black-Scholes option

 

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pricing model for the stock options and is determined by the market value of our common stock for restricted stock awards. At the end of 2012, we changed our employee equity granting policy. See “Factors that may affect our future financial results.”

Fund management and administration

Fund management and administration expenses are expensed when incurred and are comprised of costs we pay third-party service providers to operate our ETFs. Under our advisory agreement with the WisdomTree Trust, the Trustees have approved us and other third parties to provide essential management and administrative services to the Trust and each ETF in exchange for an advisory fee. The costs include:

 

   

portfolio management of our ETFs (sub-advisory);

 

   

fund accounting and administration;

 

   

custodial services;

 

   

accounting and tax services;

 

   

printing and mailing of stockholder materials;

 

   

index calculation;

 

   

distribution fees;

 

   

legal and compliance services;

 

   

exchange listing fees;

 

   

trustee fees and expenses;

 

   

preparation of regulatory reports and filings;

 

   

insurance;

 

   

certain local income taxes; and

 

   

other administrative services.

Of significance, we have contracted with BNY Mellon to act as sub-advisor for 44 of 46 of our ETFs and provide portfolio management, fund administration, custody and accounting related services for all the WisdomTree ETFs. The fees we pay BNY Mellon and other sub-advisors have minimums per fund which range from $25,000 to $85,000 per year depending on the nature of the ETF. In addition, we pay additional fees ranging between 0.015% and 0.18% of average daily AUM at various breakpoint levels. The fees we pay for accounting, tax, index calculation and exchange listing are based on the number of ETFs we have. The remaining fees are based on a combination of both assets under management and number of funds, or as incurred.

Marketing and advertising

Marketing and advertising expenses are recorded when incurred and include the following costs:

 

   

advertising and product promotion campaigns that are initiated to promote our existing and new ETFs as well as brand awareness;

 

   

development and maintenance of our website; and

 

   

creation and preparation of marketing materials.

Our discretionary advertising comprises the largest portion of this expense and we expect these costs to increase in the future as we continue to execute our growth strategy and compete against other ETF sponsors and new market entrants. We generally decrease our level of advertising in the third quarter due to a general

 

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slowdown of trading activity in the market during the summer months, but we may change that strategy going forward based on our financial results, competitive pressures and market conditions. In addition, we may incur expenditures in certain periods to attract inflows, the benefit of which may or may not be recognized from increases to our assets under management in future periods. However, due to the discretionary nature of some of these costs, they can generally be reduced if there were a decline in the markets.

Sales and business development

Sales and business development expenses are recorded when incurred and includes the following costs:

 

   

travel and entertainment or conference related expenses for our sales force;

 

   

market data services for our research team;

 

   

sales related software tools; and

 

   

legal and other advisory fees associated with the development of new funds or business initiatives.

Professional and consulting fees

Professional fees are expensed when incurred and consist of fees we pay to corporate advisors including accountants, tax advisors, legal counsel, investment bankers, human resources or other consultants. These expenses fluctuate based on our needs or requirements at the time. Certain of these costs are at our discretion and can fluctuate year to year.

Also included in professional fees is stock based compensation related to restricted stock or option awards we granted to senior advisers to our Board of Directors. Under generally accepted accounting principles, these awards are considered variable expenses and are re-measured each reporting period with a corresponding impact to stockholders’ equity. After November 2012, we will no longer incur this expense.

Occupancy, communications and equipment

Occupancy, communications and equipment expense includes costs for our corporate headquarters in New York City. Our office space lease expires in January 2014 and we have begun to search for new office space and as such expect these costs to increase in the future.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense results primarily from amortization of leasehold improvements to our office space as well as depreciation on fixed assets we purchase which is depreciated over three or seven years. We expect this expense to increase in future periods in connection with anticipated leasehold improvements we would make for new office space as discussed above.

Third-party sharing arrangements

Included in third-party sharing arrangements expense are (1) payments from and reimbursements to us with respect to our joint venture with Mellon Capital and Dreyfus which ended at the end of 2012 and (2) payments to third parties to market our ETFs. Our joint venture with Mellon Capital and Dreyfus is considered a collaborative arrangement and as such we have determined we were the principal participant for transactions under this collaborative arrangement and as such we recorded these transactions on a gross basis reflecting all of the revenues and third party expenses on our financial statements in accordance with the nature of the revenue or expense. Any net profit/loss payments are reflected in the “Third Party Sharing Arrangement” expense line.

Other

Other expenses consist primarily of insurance premiums, general office related expenses, securities license fees for our sales force, public company related expenses, corporate related travel and entertainment and board of director fees, including stock-based compensation related to equity awards we granted to our directors.

 

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Factors that May Impact our Future Financial Results

AUM, Net Inflows and Revenues

Our revenues are highly correlated to the level and relative mix of our AUM, as well as the fee rate associated with our ETFs. While our AUM has increased on an annual basis, we have experienced fluctuations on a quarterly basis due to changes in net inflows and market movement. A significant portion of our AUM is invested in securities issued outside of the United States. Therefore, our AUM and our revenues are affected by movements in global capital market levels and the strengthening or weakening of the U.S. dollar against other currencies.

Another factor impacting our revenues is the fees associated with our ETFs. Our overall average fee rate is affected by the mix of flows into our ETFs. With a significant portion of our AUM invested in securities issued outside of the U.S., favorable market sentiment to emerging markets, currencies and international fixed income is likely to have a positive effect on our overall revenue and conversely unfavorable market sentiment is likely to have a negative impact.

In addition, we currently compete within the ETF market against several large ETF sponsors, many smaller sponsors, as well as new entrants to the marketplace, and will compete against large asset management companies who have recently launched or announced intentions to launch ETF products. However, it is our belief that our ability to gather inflows into our ETFs, coupled with general stock market trends, will have the greatest impact on our business.

Expenses

 

   

Strategic growth initiatives—We have and will continue to strategically invest in our business in order to continue and accelerate our growth in the fast growing ETF industry. Our investment in strategic growth initiatives includes anticipated higher spending on marketing, advertising and sales efforts, and increases to our headcount, in both sales and operational support functions. We intend to launch additional ETFs and may close some ETFs in the future, which will impact our fund related costs. We also intend to invest in technology and other tools to enhance our sales efforts and provide value added content to our clients. We expect our investment in strategic growth initiatives to range from $5.0 to $8.0 million in 2013. The components of our strategic growth initiatives may increase or decrease from our planned estimates depending on the nature of the growth initiatives and market conditions.

 

   

Stock-based compensation—At the end of 2012, we changed our practice for granting equity awards to our employees. In the past, we would grant meaningful equity awards when employees were hired that would vest over four years with generally no more awards until this initial awards vested. Going forward, employees will receive an equity award as part of their long-term incentive compensation on an annual basis, which is a more typical for maturing companies and companies in the financial services industry. This change in practice will increase our stock-based compensation expense in future periods. In addition, after November 2012, we will no longer incur variable stock-based compensation.

Gross Margin

Our current gross margin, which we define as our total revenues less our fund management and administration expenses and less third-party sharing arrangements, was approximately 66% for the year ended December 31, 2012. Due to the end of our joint venture with BNY-Mellon and our current AUM levels and mix, we expect our gross margins to be between 70% and 75% in the near term.

Seasonality

We believe seasonal fluctuations in the asset management industry are common. However, since we began our operations, we believe these seasonal trends may have been masked by the unprecedented volatility in the global equity markets. Therefore, period to period comparisons of ours or the industry’s net inflows may not be meaningful and not indicative of results in future periods.

 

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Key Operating Statistics

The following table presents key operating statistics that serve as indicators for the performance of our business:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011     2010  

Total ETFs (in millions)

      

Beginning of period assets

   $ 12,182      $ 9,891      $ 5,979   

Inflows/(outflows)

     4,732        3,899        3,134   

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     1,372        (1,608     778   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

   $ 18,286      $ 12,182      $ 9,891   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

   $ 15,554      $ 11,739      $ 7,311   

ETF Industry and Market Share (in billions)

      

ETF industry net inflows

   $ 185      $ 118      $ 118   

WisdomTree market share of industry inflows

     2.6     3.3     2.7

International Developed Equity ETFs (in millions)

      

Beginning of period assets

   $ 2,407      $ 2,311      $ 2,311   

Inflows/(outflows)

     1,000        471        (87

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     325        (375     87   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

   $ 3,732      $ 2,407      $ 2,311   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

   $ 2,854      $ 2,634      $ 2,164   

Emerging Markets Equity ETFs (in millions)

      

Beginning of period assets

   $ 3,613      $ 3,780      $ 1,431   

Inflows/(outflows)

     3,111        924        1,911   

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     608        (1,091     438   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

   $ 7,332      $ 3,613      $ 3,780   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

   $ 5,715      $ 3,664      $ 2,202   

US Equity ETFs (in millions)

      

Beginning of period assets

   $ 3,429      $ 2,057      $ 1,330   

Inflows/(outflows)

     610        1,255        486   

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     332        117        241   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

   $ 4,371      $ 3,429      $ 2,057   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

   $ 4,252      $ 2,507      $ 1,592   

Currency ETFs (in millions)

      

Beginning of period assets

   $ 950      $ 1,179      $ 907   

Inflows/(outflows)

     (351     (69     253   

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     12        (129     19   

Reclass to Int’l Fixed Income

       (31  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

   $ 611      $ 950      $ 1,179   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

   $ 772      $ 1,480      $ 1,217   

International Fixed Income ETFs (in millions)

      

Beginning of period assets

   $ 1,506      $ 564        —    

Inflows/(outflows)

     491        1,022      $ 571   

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     121        (111     (7

Reclass from Currency

       31     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

   $ 2,118      $ 1,506      $ 564   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

   $ 1,770      $ 1,297      $ 136   

 

 

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     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011     2010  

Alternative Strategy ETFs (in millions)

      

Beginning of period assets

   $ 277        —         —    

Inflows/(outflows)

     (129     296     

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     (26     (19  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

   $ 122      $ 277     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

   $ 191      $ 157     

Average ETF asset mix during the period

      

Emerging markets equity ETFs

     37     31     29

International developed equity ETFs

     19     22     30

US equity ETFs

     27     21     22

Currency ETFs

     5     13     17

International fixed income ETFs

     11     12     2

Alternative strategy ETFs

     1     1  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     100     100     100
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average ETF advisory fee during the period

     0.54     0.55     0.56

Number of ETFs—end of the period

      

International developed equity ETFs

     18        18        18   

US equity ETFs

     11        12        12   

Currency ETFs

     5        7        9   

Emerging markets equity ETFs

     5        4        4   

International fixed income ETFs

     5        4        1   

Alternative strategy ETFs

     2        2     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     46        47        44   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Headcount

     70        65        60   

Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to December 31, 2011

Overview

 

     As of and for the Year
Ended December 31,
    Change      Percent
Change
 
     2012      2011       

Assets Under Management (in millions)

          

Beginning of period assets

   $ 12,182       $ 9,891        

Net inflows

     4,732         3,899        833         21.4

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     1,372         (1,608     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

End of period assets

   $ 18,286       $ 12,182      $ 6,104         50.1
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

Financial Results (in thousands)

          

Total revenues

   $ 84,798       $ 65,160      $ 19,638         30.1

Total expenses

     73,768         62,068        11,700         18.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

Net income

   $ 11,030       $ 3,092      $ 7,938         256.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

Our AUM increased 50.1% from $12.2 billion at the end of 2011 to $18.3 billion at the end of 2012 primarily due to strong net inflows into our ETFs and positive market movement. We reported net income of $11.0 million in 2012 compared to $3.1 million in 2011 primarily due to higher assets under management.

 

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Revenues

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
    Change     Percent
Change
 
     2012     2011      

Average assets under management (in millions)

   $ 15,554      $ 11,739      $ 3,815        32.5

Average ETF advisory fee

     0.54     0.55     (0.01     (1.8 %) 

ETF advisory fees (in thousands)

   $ 84,024      $ 64,366      $ 19,658        30.5

Other income (in thousands)

     774        794        (20     (2.5 %) 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total revenues (in thousands)

   $ 84,798      $ 65,160      $ 19,638        30.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

ETF advisory fees

ETF advisory fees revenue increased 30.5% from $64.4 million in 2011 to $84.0 million in 2012. This increase was primarily due to higher average asset balances due to strong net inflows particularly into our emerging market and international equity ETFs. The average fee earned decreased to 0.54% in 2012 from 0.55% in 2011 primarily due to a change in mix of our assets under management, in particular from our emerging market equity ETFs.

Other income

Other income decreased 2.5% from 2011 to 2012. This decline was primarily due to lower separate account revenues and lower interest income on our cash balances. Following the first quarter of 2011, we no longer managed separate accounts.

Expenses

 

(in thousands)

   Year Ended
December 31,
     Change     Percent
Change
 
     2012      2011       

Compensation and benefits

     23,233         19,634         3,599        18.3

Fund management and administration

     23,020         19,882         3,138        15.8

Marketing and advertising

     5,363         4,475         888        19.8

Sales and business development

     3,586         3,603         (17     -0.5

Professional and consulting fees

     4,603         4,307         296        6.9

Occupancy, communications and equipment

     1,419         1,127         292        25.9

Depreciation and amortization

     307         267         40        15.0

Third-party sharing arrangements

     5,468         5,651         (183     -3.2

Other

     2,976         2,243         733        32.7

ETF shareholder proxy

     3,264         —          3,264        n/a   

Litigation, net

     176         150         26        17.3

Exchange listing and offering

     353         729         (376     -51.6
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses

   $ 73,768       $ 62,068       $ 11,700        18.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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As a Percent of Revenues:

   Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2012     2011  

Compensation and benefits

     27.4     30.1

Fund management and administration

     27.1     30.5

Marketing and advertising

     6.3     6.9

Sales and business development

     4.2     5.5

Professional and consulting fees

     5.4     6.6

Occupancy, communications and equipment

     1.7     1.7

Depreciation and amortization

     0.4     0.5

Third-party sharing arrangements

     6.5     8.7

Other

     3.5     3.4

ETF shareholder proxy

     3.9     0.0

Litigation, net

     0.2     0.3

Exchange listing and offering

     0.4     1.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses

     87.0     95.3
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Compensation and benefits

Compensation and benefits expense increased 18.3% from $19.6 million in 2011 to $23.2 million in 2012. This increase was primarily due to higher accrued incentive compensation due to our strong results, higher stock based compensation expense due to equity awards granted to our employees as part of their 2011 year end incentive compensation, as well as costs associated with higher headcount. Our headcount at the end of 2012 was 70 compared to 65 at the end of 2011.

Fund management and administration

Fund management and administration expense increased 15.8% from $19.9 million in 2011 to $23.0 million in 2012. Higher average assets under management led to an increase of $1.9 million in portfolio management, fund administration and accounting, index licensing, and distribution fees. Included in 2011 is a one-time charge of $0.7 million related to reimbursing the WisdomTree India ETF for excess fees we collected as a result of overestimating the operating expense recapture fees for the India ETF’s fiscal year ended March 31, 2011. Printing related fees increased $0.4 million due to an increase in the number of shareholders owning our ETFs and legal related fees increased $0.3 million due to additional services. This expense also increased due to two additional ETFs we launched in 2012. We had 47 ETFs at the end of 2011, we launched 2 new ETFs during 2012 and closed 3 ETFs at the end of 2012 resulting in 46 ETFs at the end of 2012.

Marketing and advertising

Marketing and advertising expense increased 19.8% from $4.5 million in 2011 to $5.4 million in 2012 primarily due to higher levels of television, print and online advertising to support our growth.

Sales and business development

Sales and business development expense was essentially unchanged at $3.6 million in 2012 and 2011 as higher sales related activity expenses to support our growth offset lower new product related spending.

Professional and consulting fees

Professional and consulting fees increased 6.9% from $4.3 million in 2011 to $4.6 million in 2012. Variable stock based compensation for equity awards granted to strategic advisors decreased $0.5 million due to the full vesting of equity awards we granted to non-employees. We will not have variable compensation costs going

 

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forward. Partly offsetting this decrease was an increase in accounting and legal related fees as a result of becoming a fully reporting public company and complying with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 as well as executive recruiting fees associated with the search for a new Chief Operating Officer which was completed during 2012.

Occupancy, communications and equipment

Occupancy, communications and equipment expense increased 25.9% from $1.1 million in 2011 to $1.4 million in 2012 primarily due to the end of our office space we had sub-leased in 2012.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense remained relatively unchanged at $0.3 million in 2011 and 2012.

Third-party sharing arrangements

Third-party sharing arrangements decreased 3.2% from $5.7 million in 2011 to $5.5 million in 2012 primarily due to lower levels of net profits in our currency and fixed income ETFs, which are subject to a profit sharing agreement with Mellon Capital and Dreyfus. Partly offsetting this decrease was higher fees paid to third parties for marketing our ETFs.

Other

Other expenses increased 32.7% from $2.2 million in 2011 to $3.0 million in 2012 primarily due to higher corporate insurance, public company and administrative related expenses.

Year Ended December 31, 2011 Compared to December 31, 2010

Overview

 

     As of and for the Year
Ended December 31,
    Change      Percent
Change
 
     2011     2010       

Assets Under Management (in millions)

         

Beginning of period assets

   $ 9,891      $ 5,979        

Net inflows

     3,899        3,134      $ 765         24.4

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     (1,608     778        
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

End of period assets

   $ 12,182      $ 9,891      $ 2,291         23.2
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

Financial Results (in thousands)

         

Total revenues

   $ 65,160      $ 41,612      $ 23,548         56.6

Total expenses

     62,068        49,161        12,907         26.3
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

Net income/(loss)

   $ 3,092      ($ 7,549   $ 10,641      
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

Our AUM increased 23.2% from $9.9 billion in 2010 to $12.2 billion in 2011 primarily due to strong net inflows into our ETFs partly offset by negative market movement. We reported net income of $3.1 million in 2011 compared to a loss of $7.5 million in 2010 primarily due to higher assets under management.

 

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Revenues

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
    Change     Percent
Change
 
     2011     2010      

Average assets under management (in millions)

   $ 11,739      $ 7,308      $ 4,431        60.6

Average ETF advisory fee

     0.55     0.56     (0.01     (1.8 %) 

ETF advisory fees (in thousands)

   $ 64,366      $ 40,567      $ 23,799        58.7

Other income (in thousands)

     794        1,045        (251     (24.0 %) 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total revenues (in thousands)

   $ 65,160      $ 41,612      $ 23,548        56.6
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

ETF advisory fees

ETF advisory fees revenue increased 58.7% from $40.6 million in 2010 to $64.4 million in 2011. This increase was primarily due to higher average asset balances due to strong net inflows particularly into our U.S. equity and international fixed income ETFs. The average fee earned decreased to 0.55% in 2011 from 0.56% in 2010 primarily due to a change in mix of our assets under management, in particular from our emerging market equity ETFs.

Other income

Other income decreased 24.0% from $1.0 million in 2010 to $0.8 million in 2011. This decline was primarily due to lower separate account revenues. Following the first quarter of 2011, we no longer managed separate accounts.

Expenses

 

(in thousands)

   Year Ended
December 31,
     Change     Percent
Change
 
   2011      2010       

Compensation and benefits

   $ 19,634       $ 19,193       $ 441        2.3

Fund management and administration

     19,882         14,286         5,596        39.2

Marketing and advertising

     4,475         3,721         754        20.3

Sales and business development

     3,603         2,730         873        32.0

Professional and consulting fees

     4,307         3,779         528        14.0

Occupancy, communications and equipment

     1,127         1,118         9        0.8

Depreciation and amortization

     267         314         (47     -15.0

Third-party sharing arrangements

     5,651         2,296         3,355        146.1

Other

     2,243         1,724         519        30.1

Litigation, net

     150         —          150        na   

Exchange listing and offering

     729         —          729        na   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses

   $ 62,068       $ 49,161       $ 12,907        26.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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As a Percent of Revenues:

   Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2011     2010  

Compensation and benefits

     30.1     46.1

Fund management and administration

     30.5     34.3

Marketing and advertising

     6.9     8.9

Sales and business development

     5.5     6.6

Professional and consulting fees

     6.6     9.1

Occupancy, communications and equipment

     1.7     2.7

Depreciation and amortization

     0.5     0.8

Third-party sharing arrangements

     8.7     5.5

Other

     3.4     4.1

Litigation, net

     0.2     —    

Exchange listing and offering

     1.1     —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses

     95.3     118.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Compensation and benefits

Compensation and benefits expense increased 2.3% from $19.2 million in 2010 to $19.6 million in 2011 primarily due to higher accrued incentive compensation due to our strong 2011 results, as well as costs associated with higher headcount. Our headcount increased from 60 at the end of 2010 to 65 at the end of 2011. Partly offsetting this increase was a decrease of $2.4 million in stock-based compensation as equity awards granted to employees in prior years with higher fair values become fully vested.

Fund management and administration

Fund management and administration expense increased 39.2% from $14.3 million in 2010 to $19.9 million in 2011. Higher average assets under management led to an increase of $3.7 million in portfolio management, fund administration and accounting, index licensing, and distribution fees. Included in 2011 is a one-time charge of $0.7 million related to reimbursing the WisdomTree India ETF for excess fees we collected as a result of overestimating the operating expense recapture fees for the India ETF’s fiscal year ended March 31, 2011. Printing related fees increased $0.5 million due to an increase in the number of shareholders owning our ETFs. In addition, auditing related fees increased $0.4 million due to additional services as well as an increase in the number of funds. We had 47 ETFs at the end of 2011 compared to 44 at the end of 2010.

Marketing and advertising

Marketing and advertising expense increased 20.3% from $3.7 million in 2010 to $4.5 million in 2011 primarily due to higher levels of television, print and online advertising to support our growth.

Sales and business development

Sales and business development expense increased 32.0% from $2.7 million in 2010 to $3.6 million in 2011 primarily due to higher new product related spending and sales activities to support our growth.

Professional and consulting fees

Professional and consulting fees increased 14.0% from $3.8 million in 2010 to $4.3 million in 2011. Variable stock based compensation for equity awards granted to strategic advisors increased $0.7 million from $2.0 million to $2.7 million due to an increase in our stock price. Legal and accounting fees associated with the preparation of our SEC registration statement on Form 10 in connection with the listing of our common stock onto the NASDAQ Global Market were $0.7 million in 2011. Also in 2011, we incurred $0.2 million in legal expenses associated with litigation with Research Affiliates.

 

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Occupancy, communications and equipment

Occupancy, communications and equipment expense remained relatively unchanged at $1.1 million in 2010 and 2011.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense remained relatively unchanged at $0.3 million in 2010 and 2011.

Third-party sharing arrangements

Third-party sharing arrangements increased $3.4 million from $2.3 million in 2010 to $5.7 million in 2011. This increase was primarily due to a $2.9 million increase in net profits in our currency and fixed income ETFs, which are subject to a profit sharing agreement with Mellon Capital and Dreyfus. Under the agreement, we share revenues and third party costs equally. This expense increased due to the higher average asset balances in these ETFs. In addition, fees paid to third parties for marketing our ETFs in the independent broker-dealer channel and Latin America increased by $0.5 million.

Other

Other expenses increased 30.1% from $1.7 million in 2010 to $2.2 million in 2011 primarily due to higher corporate insurance, public company and administrative related expenses.

Quarterly Results

The following tables set forth our unaudited consolidated quarterly statement of operations data, both in dollar amounts and as a percentage of total revenues, and our unaudited consolidated quarterly operating data for the quarters in 2011 and 2012. In our opinion, this unaudited information has been prepared on substantially the same basis as the consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Report and includes all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the unaudited consolidated quarterly data. The unaudited consolidated quarterly data should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Report. The results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period, and you should not rely on them as such.

 

(in thousands)   Q1/11     Q2/11     Q3/11     Q4/11     Q1/12     Q2/12     Q3/12      Q4/12  

Revenues

                

ETF advisory fees

  $ 14,273      $ 16,514      $ 17,554      $ 16,025      $ 18,975      $ 20,230      $ 21,440       $ 23,379   

Other income

    260        202        182        150        195        163        221         195   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenues

    14,533        16,716        17,736        16,175        19,170        20,393        21,661         23,574   

Expenses

                

Compensation and benefits

    5,217        4,610        5,085        4,722        5,857        5,477        5,734         6,165   

Fund management and administration

    4,162        5,736        5,093        4,891        5,439        5,567        5,671         6,343   

Marketing and advertising

    972        1,357        911        1,235        1,326        1,548        862         1,627   

Sales and business development

    745        913        954        991        860        842        831         1,053   

Professional and consulting fees

    977        966        1,250        1,114        1,109        1,401        1,305         788   

Occupancy, communications and equipment

    273        285        288        281        301        375        374         369   

Depreciation and amortization

    65        67        68        67        71        75        79         82   

Third-party sharing arrangements

    1,128        1,512        1,794        1,217        1,745        1,229        1,194         1,300   

Other

    457        457        711        618        609        743        859         765   

ETF shareholder proxy

    —          —          —          —          66        3,198        —           —     

Litigation, net

    —          —          —          150        672        (191     219         (524

Exchange listing and offering

    382        124        223        —          —          —          —           353   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total expenses

    14,378        16,027        16,377        15,286        18,055        20,264        17,128         18,321   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income/(loss)

  $ 155      $ 689      $ 1,359      $ 889      $ 1,115      $ 129      $ 4,533       $ 5,253   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents
     Q1/11     Q2/11     Q3/11     Q4/11     Q1/12     Q2/12     Q3/12     Q4/12  

Percent of Revenues

                

Revenues

                

ETF advisory fees

     98.2     98.8     99.0     99.1     99.0     99.2     99.0     99.2

Other income

     1.8     1.2     1.0     0.9     1.0     0.8     1.0     0.8
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0

Expenses

                

Compensation and benefits

     35.9     27.6     28.7     29.2     30.5     26.9     26.5     26.2

Fund management and administration

     28.6     34.3     28.7     30.3     28.4     27.3     26.2     26.9

Marketing and advertising

     6.7     8.1     5.1     7.7     6.9     7.6     4.0     6.9

Sales and business development

     5.1     5.5     5.4     6.1     4.5     4.1     3.8     4.5

Professional and consulting fees

     6.7     5.8     7.0     6.9     5.8     6.9     6.0     3.3

Occupancy, communications and equipment

     1.9     1.7     1.6     1.7     1.6     1.8     1.7     1.6

Depreciation and amortization

     0.5     0.4     0.4     0.4     0.4     0.4     0.4     0.3

Third-party sharing arrangements

     7.8     9.1     10.1     7.5     9.1     6.0     5.5     5.5

Other

     3.1     2.7     4.0     3.8     3.2     3.6     4.0     3.2

ETF shareholder proxy

     —          —          —          —          0.3     15.7     —         —     

Litigation, net

     —          —          —          0.9     3.5     (0.9 %)      1.0     (2.2 %) 

Exchange listing and offering

     2.6     0.7     1.3     —          —          —          —          1.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses

     98.9     95.9     92.3     94.5     94.2     99.4     79.1     77.7
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income/(loss)

     1.1     4.1     7.7     5.5     5.8     0.6     20.9     22.3
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     Q1/11     Q2/11     Q3/11     Q4/11     Q1/12     Q2/12     Q3/12     Q4/12  

Operating Statistics

                

Total ETF AUM (in millions)

                

Beginning of period assets

   $ 9,891      $ 11,284      $ 12,934      $ 11,184      $ 12,182      $ 15,691      $ 15,004      $ 16,783   

Inflows/(outflows)

     1,264        1,699        179        756        2,299        338        1,036        1,059   

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     129        (49     (1,929     242        1,210        (1025     743        444   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

   $ 11,284      $ 12,934      $ 11,184      $ 12,182      $ 15,691      $ 15,004      $ 16,783      $ 18,286   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

   $ 10,294      $ 12,062      $ 12,762      $ 11,836      $ 14,265      $ 15,116      $ 15,769      $ 17,068   
     Q1/11     Q2/11     Q3/11     Q4/11     Q1/12     Q2/12     Q3/12     Q4/12  

ETF Industry and Market Share (in billions)

                

ETF industry net inflows

   $ 23.6      $ 29.2      $ 20.9      $ 43.9      $ 53.2      $ 25.0      $ 51.8      $ 55.4   

WisdomTree market share of industry inflows

     5.4     5.8     0.9     1.7     4.3     1.4     2.0     1.9

International Developed Equity ETFs (in millions)

                

Beginning of period assets

   $ 2,311      $ 2,865      $ 2,867      $ 2,501      $ 2,407      $ 2,964      $ 2,846      $ 2,896   

Inflows/(outflows)

     475        33        57        (94     302        137        (58     620   

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     79        (31     (423     —         255        (255     108        216   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

   $ 2,865      $ 2,867      $ 2,501      $ 2,407      $ 2,964      $ 2,846      $ 2,896      $ 3,732   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

   $ 2,463      $ 2,854      $ 2,722      $ 2,496      $ 2,680      $ 2,853      $ 2,859      $ 3,022   

Emerging Markets Equity ETFs (in millions)

                

Beginning of period assets

   $ 3,780      $ 3,759      $ 3,988      $ 3,230      $ 3,613      $ 5,594      $ 5,430      $ 6,542   

Inflows/(outflows)

     59        344        102        418        1,398        462        736        515   

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     (80     (115     (860     (35     583        (626     376        275   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

   $ 3,759      $ 3,988      $ 3,230      $ 3,613      $ 5,594      $ 5,430      $ 6,542      $ 7,332   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

   $ 3,618      $ 3,863      $ 3,719      $ 3,456      $ 4,780      $ 5,398      $ 5,915      $ 6,767   

U.S. Equity ETFs (in millions)

                

Beginning of period assets

   $ 2,057      $ 2,218      $ 2,612      $ 2,523      $ 3,429      $ 4,275      $ 4,094      $ 4,640   

Inflows/(outflows)

     53        374        241        586        565        (113     363        (205

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

     108        20        (330     320        281        (68     183        (64
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

   $ 2,218      $ 2,612      $ 2,523      $ 3,429      $ 4,275      $ 4,094      $ 4,640      $ 4,371   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

   $ 2,164      $ 2,364      $ 2,528      $ 2,973      $ 3,990      $ 4,101      $ 4,393      $ 4,522   

 

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    Q1/11     Q2/11     Q3/11     Q4/11     Q1/12     Q2/12     Q3/12     Q4/12  

Currency ETFs (in millions)

               

Beginning of period assets

  $ 1,179      $ 1,467      $ 1,896      $ 1,194      $ 950      $ 881      $ 769      $ 654   

Inflows/(outflows)

    271        383        (566     (157     (104     (82     (129     (37

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

    17        46        (136     (56     35        (30     14        (6

Reclass to Fixed Income

          (31        
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

  $ 1,467      $ 1,896      $ 1,194      $ 950      $ 881      $ 769      $ 654      $ 611   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

  $ 1,335      $ 1,677      $ 1,786      $ 1,120      $ 935      $ 828      $ 694      $ 632   

International Fixed Income ETFs (in millions)

               

Beginning of period assets

  $ 564      $ 902      $ 1,379      $ 1,493      $ 1,506      $ 1,735      $ 1,698      $ 1,904   

Inflows/(outflows)

    335        442        280        (34     161        (8     148        190   

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

    3        35        (166     16        68        (29     58        24   

Reclass from Currency

          31           
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

  $ 902      $ 1,379      $ 1,493      $ 1,506      $ 1,735      $ 1,698      $ 1,904      $ 2,118   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

  $ 679      $ 1,195      $ 1,780      $ 1,536      $ 1,627      $ 1,716      $ 1,749      $ 1,990   

Alternative Strategy ETFs (in millions)

               

Beginning of period assets

  $ 0      $ 73      $ 192      $ 243      $ 277      $ 242      $ 167      $ 147   

Inflows/(outflows)

    71        123        65        37        (23     (58     (24     (24

Market appreciation/(depreciation)

    2        (4     (14     (3     (12     (17     4        (1
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period assets

  $ 73      $ 192      $ 243      $ 277      $ 242      $ 167      $ 147      $ 122   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average assets during the period

  $ 35      $ 109      $ 227      $ 255      $ 253      $ 220      $ 159      $ 135   

Average ETF Asset Mix (during the period)

               

Emerging Markets Equity ETFs

    35     32     29     29     33     36     38     39

International Developed Equity ETFs

    24     23     22     21     19     19     18     18

U.S. Equity ETFs

    21     20     20     25     28     27     28     26

Currency ETFs

    13     14     14     10     7     6     4     4

International Fixed Income ETFs

    7     10     14     13     12     11     11     12

Alternative Strategy ETFs

    0     1     1     2     1     1     1     1
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    100     100     100     100     100     100     100     100
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average ETF Advisory Fee (during the period)

    0.56     0.55     0.55     0.54     0.54     0.54     0.54     0.54
    Q1/11     Q2/11     Q3/11     Q4/11     Q1/12     Q2/12     Q3/12     Q4/12  

Number of ETFs (end of the period)

               

International Developed Equity ETFs

    18        18        18        18        18        18        18        18   

Emerging Markets Equity ETFs

    4        4        4        4        4        4        5        5   

U.S. Equity ETFs

    12        12        12        12        12        12        12        11   

Currency ETFs

    9        9        9        7        7        7        7        5   

International Fixed Income ETFs

    2        2        2        4        5        5        5        5   

Alternative Strategy ETFs

    1        1        2        2        2        2        2        2   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    46        46        47        47        48        48        49        46   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Headcount

    61        61        64        65        64        66        70        70   

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table summarizes key data regarding our liquidity, capital resources and use of capital to fund our operations:

 

     December 31,  
     2012     2011  

Balance Sheet Data (in thousands):

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 41,246      $ 25,630   

Investments

     11,036        9,056   

Accounts receivable

     9,348        5,625   

Total liabilities

     (12,365     (16,714
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 49,265      $ 23,597   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011     2010  

Cash Flow Data (in thousands):

      

Operating cash flows

   $ 11,234      $ 13,692      $ 2,128   

Investing cash flows

     (2,358     (680     628   

Financing cash flows

     6,740        (1,615     1   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

   $ 15,616      $ 11,397      $ 2,757   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liquidity

We consider our available liquidity to be our liquid assets less our liabilities. Liquid assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, current receivables, and investments. Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits with financial institutions. Accounts receivable primarily represents advisory fees we earn from the WisdomTree ETFs which is collected by the fifth business day of the month following the month earned. Investments represent debt instruments of U.S. government and agency securities. Our liabilities consist primarily of payments owed to vendors and third parties in the normal course of business as well as accrued year end incentive compensation for employees.

Cash and cash equivalents increased $15.6 million in 2012 primarily due to $11.2 million of cash flows generated by our operating activities as a result of higher revenues from higher AUM, $4.7 million received from the exercise of stock options and $4.3 million from the sale of our common stock. We also received $7.8 million from the redemption of investment we held during the year. Partly offsetting these increases was $10.0 million used to purchase new investments.

Cash and cash equivalents increased $11.4 million in 2011 primarily due to $13.7 million of cash flows generated by our operating activities as a result of higher revenues from higher AUM offset by $2.2 million of cash flows used to repurchase our common stock. We also received $7.5 million from the redemption of investment we held during the year. Partly offsetting these increases was $8.1 million net proceeds used to purchase new investments.

Cash and cash equivalents increased $2.8 million in 2010 primarily due to $2.1 million of cash flows generated by our operating activities due to higher revenues from higher assets under management as well as proceeds from net redemptions of our investments. We also received $7.7 million from the redemption of investment we held during the year. Partly offsetting these increases was $6.9 million used to purchase new investments.

Capital Resources

Currently, our principal source of financing is our operating cash flow, though historically, our principal source of financing was through the private placement of our common stock. We believe that current cash flows generated by our operating activities and the net proceeds raised through our offering in February 2012 should be sufficient for us to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.

Use of Capital

Our business does not require us to maintain a significant cash position. We expect that our main uses of cash will be to fund the ongoing operations of our business, invest in strategic growth initiatives, re-acquire shares of our common stock issued to our employees as incentive compensation as discussed below or expand our business through strategic acquisitions.

In 2011, we repurchased approximately 386,396 shares from our employees at then current market prices at a cost of $2.2 million and in 2012, we repurchased approximately 357,123 shares from our employees at then

 

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current market prices at a cost of $2.3 million in connection with tax withholding upon vesting of restricted stock. The amount repurchased represented the required amount of tax withholding. We expect to continue purchasing shares for similar reasons.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our future cash payments associated with contractual obligations as of December 31, 2012.

 

     Total      Payments Due by Period  
      (in thousands)  
      Less than 1
year
     1 to 3 years      3 to 5 years      More than 5
years
 

Operating leases

   $ 1,587       $ 1,391       $ 196         —           —     

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Other than operating leases, which are included in the table above, we do not have any off-balance sheet financing or other arrangements. We have neither created nor are party to any special-purpose or off-balance sheet entities for the purpose of raising capital, incurring debt or operating our business.

Critical Accounting Policies

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense reflects the fair value of stock-based awards measured at grant date and is recognized over the relevant service period. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model we use includes the input of certain variables that are dependent on future expectations, including the expected lives of our options from grant date to exercise date, the volatility of our underlying common shares in the market over that time period, the rate of dividends that we may pay during that time and an appropriate risk-free interest rate. Many of these assumptions require management’s judgment. If actual experience differs significantly from these estimates, stock-based compensation expense and our results of operations could be materially affected.

Income and Deferred Taxes

We recognize an asset or liability for the deferred tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. These temporary differences will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of assets are recovered or liabilities are settled. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying values of deferred tax assets and liabilities to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. As of December 31, 2011, we have net operating loss carry forwards and we have recognized a deferred tax asset for such carry forwards. Given the significant losses we have incurred since we began our operations, a valuation allowance has been recorded for the full amount of the deferred tax asset.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2011, FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04 “Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”).” ASU No. 2011-04 includes common requirements for measurement of and disclosure about fair value between U.S. GAAP and IFRS. ASU No. 2011-04 requires reporting entities to disclose the following information for fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy: quantitative information about the

 

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unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement, the valuation processes used by the reporting entity and a narrative description of the sensitivity of the fair value measurement to changes in unobservable inputs and the interrelationships between those unobservable inputs. In addition, ASU No. 2011-04 requires reporting entities to make disclosures about amounts and reasons for all transfers in and out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. This standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

In the normal course of business, our financial results are subject to market risk. Market risk to us generally represents the risk of changes in the value of financial instruments held in the portfolios of the WisdomTree ETFs that generally results from fluctuations in equity prices, foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar, and interest rates. Nearly all of our revenue is derived from advisory agreements for the WisdomTree ETFs.

Under these agreements, the advisory fee we receive is based on the market value of the assets in the WisdomTree ETF portfolios we manage.

Fluctuations in the value of these securities are common and are generated by numerous factors such as market volatility, the overall economy, inflation, changes in investor strategies, availability of alternative investment vehicles, government regulations and others. Accordingly changes in any one or a combination of these factors may reduce the value of investment securities and, in turn, the underlying assets under management on which our revenues are earned. These declines may cause investors to withdraw funds from our ETFs in favor of investments that they perceive as offering greater opportunity or lower risk, thereby compounding the impact on our revenues. Beginning in the second half of 2008 and into 2009, global equity markets experienced unprecedented volatility which caused significant declines in our assets under management and revenues during the quarters in that time period. Challenging and volatile market conditions might continue to be present in the foreseeable future.

In order to maximize yields, we invest our corporate cash in short-term interest earning assets, primarily money market instruments at a commercial bank and U.S. government and agency debt instruments which totaled $9.1 million and $11.0 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively. We do not anticipate that changes in interest rates will have a material impact on our financial condition, operating results or cash flows.

 

ITEM 8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The report of the independent registered public accounting firm and financial statements listed in the accompanying index are included in Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Index to the consolidated financial statements on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

 

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of December 31, 2012, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Executive Vice President—Finance and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as

 

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amended, or the “Exchange Act”. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Executive Vice President—Finance and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2012, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules, regulations and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, including ensuring that such material information is accumulated by and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Executive Vice President—Finance and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended December 31, 2012, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, management has conducted an assessment, including testing, using the criteria in Internal Control—Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Our system of internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our company’s assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of our company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Based on the assessment, management has concluded that our company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the COSO.

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, [as stated in their report, which is included herein.]

 

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

 

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PART III

 

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Directors and Executive Officers

The names, ages and positions of each of our directors and executive officers as of March 15, 2013 are as follows:

 

Name

   Age     

Position

Jonathan L. Steinberg

     48       Chief Executive Officer, President and Director

Gregory Barton

     51       Executive Vice President—Operations and Chief Operating Officer

Bruce I. Lavine

     46       Vice Chairman (non-executive) and Director

Amit Muni

     44       Executive Vice President—Finance and Chief Financial Officer

Luciano Siracusano, III

     47       Executive Vice President—Head of Sales and Chief Investment Strategist

Peter M. Ziemba

     55       Executive Vice President—Business and Legal Affairs and Chief Legal Officer

Michael Steinhardt(2)(3)

     72       Non-Executive Chairman of the Board

Steven L. Begleiter

     51       Director

Anthony Bossone(1)

     41       Director

R. Jarrett Lilien(1)(2)(3)

     51       Director

James D. Robinson, IV(3)

     50       Director

Frank Salerno(1)(2)(4)

     53       Director

 

(1) Member of the Audit Committee
(2) Member of the Compensation Committee
(3) Member of the Nominating Committee
(4) Lead Independent Director

The following paragraphs provide information, as of the date of this Report, about our directors and executive officers. The information presented includes information about each of our directors’ specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills that led to the conclusion that he should serve as a director.

Jonathan L. Steinberg founded our Company and has served as our Chief Executive Officer since October 1988 and since August 2012, he has also served as our President. He has been a member of our Board of Directors since October 1988, serving as Chairman of the Board of Directors from October 1988 to November 2004. He also served as Editor-in-Chief of Individual Investor and Ticker magazines, two magazines formerly published by our Company. Mr. Steinberg, together with Mr. Siracusano, was responsible for the creation and development of our proprietary index methodology. Prior to founding WisdomTree, Mr. Steinberg was employed as an analyst in the Mergers and Acquisitions Department of Bear Stearns & Co. Inc., an investment banking firm, from 1986 to 1988. Mr. Steinberg is the author of Midas Investing, published by Times Books, a division of Random House, Inc. He attended The Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania. We believe Mr. Steinberg’s qualifications to serve on the Board of Directors include his extensive knowledge of our business, his experience in founding and developing our fundamentally weighted index methodology, as well as his corporate and strategic vision, which provide strategic guidance to the board. As our Chief Executive Officer and President, Mr. Steinberg provides essential insight and guidance to the board from a management perspective.

Gregory Barton has served as our Executive Vice President—Operations and Chief Operating Officer since October 2012. Before joining our Company, Mr. Barton served as Executive Vice President Business and Legal

 

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Affairs, General Counsel and Secretary of TheStreet, Inc., a financial media company, from June 2009 to July 2012, following his service as General Counsel and Secretary of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, Inc., a media and merchandising company, from October 2007 to August 2008. From October 2004 to October 2007, Mr. Barton served as Executive Vice President, Licensing and Legal Affairs, General Counsel and Secretary, and from November 2002 to October 2004, as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, of Ziff Davis Media Inc., a technology media company. Preceding Ziff Davis, Mr. Barton served in a variety of positions at the Company (then known as Individual Investor Group, Inc.) from August 1998 to November 2002, including President, Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel; and prior to that was Vice President, Corporate and Legal Affairs, and General Counsel of Alliance Semiconductor Corporation, an integrated circuit company, from May 1995 to August 1998. Mr. Barton was previously an attorney at the law firm of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP. From June 2006 through October 2012 Mr. Barton served as an Independent Trustee and Chairman of the Audit Committee for the WisdomTree Trust. Mr. Barton received a B.A. degree, summa cum laude, from Claremont McKenna College and a J.D. degree, magna cum laude, from Harvard Law School.

Bruce I. Lavine has served as our Vice Chairman (non-executive) since August 2012, and previously served as our President and Chief Operating Officer from May 2006 until August 2012. Mr. Lavine has been a member of our Board of Directors since January 2007. From 1998 to 2006, he was employed by Barclays Global Investors, an asset management firm, in the following positions: from 1998 to 1999, he served as Director, Financial Planning, Global Finance; from 1999 to 2003, he served as Chief Financial Officer, Director of New Product Development, U.S. iShares and Individual Investor Business; and from 2003 to May 2006 he served as Head of iShares Exchange Traded Funds, Europe. From 1995 to 1998, Mr. Lavine served as the Manager of Business Planning at Sequel, Inc., a computer hardware services company. From 1991 to 1994, Mr. Lavine was employed by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, a pharmaceutical company, first as a financial associate and then as a senior treasury analyst. Mr. Lavine received a B.S. with distinction in Commerce and an M.B.A. in Finance from the University of Virginia. Mr. Lavine is a Chartered Financial Analyst. We believe Mr. Lavine’s qualifications to serve on the Board of Directors include his many years of experience in senior management positions in the ETF industry and extensive knowledge of our business.

Amit Muni has served as our Executive Vice President—Finance and Chief Financial Officer since March 2008. Prior to joining our Company, Mr. Muni served as Controller and Chief Accounting Officer of International Securities Exchange Holdings, Inc., an electronic options exchange, from 2003 until March 2008. Mr. Muni was Vice President, Finance, of Instinet Group Incorporated, an electronic agency broker-dealer, from 2000 to 2003. From 1996 until 2000, Mr. Muni was employed as a Manager of the Financial Services Industry Practice of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an accounting firm. From 1991 until 1996, Mr. Muni was an accountant and a senior auditor for National Securities Clearing Corporation, a firm that provides centralized clearing, information and settlement services to the financial industry. Mr. Muni received a B.B.A. in Accounting from Pace University and is a Certified Public Accountant.

Luciano Siracusano, III has served as our Executive Vice President—Head of Sales and Chief Investment Strategist since March 2011. From October 2008 to March 2011, Mr. Siracusano served as our Director of Sales and Chief Investment Strategist. Prior to serving in those positions, Mr. Siracusano served as our Director of Research from 2001 until October 2008, and as a research analyst and editor of our various media publications from 1999 until 2001. Mr. Siracusano, together with Mr. Steinberg, was responsible for the creation and development of our fundamentally weighted index methodology. Prior to joining our Company in 1999, Mr. Siracusano was an Equity Analyst at Value Line, Inc., an investment research firm, from 1998 to 1999. Preceding his career in finance, Mr. Siracusano served as Special Assistant to HUD Secretary Henry Cisneros and as a Special Assistant to New York Governor Mario Cuomo. Mr. Siracusano received his B.A. in Political Science from Columbia University.

Peter M. Ziemba has served as our Executive Vice President—Business and Legal Affairs since January 2008 and Chief Legal Officer since March 2011. From April 2007 to March 2011, Mr. Ziemba served as our General Counsel. Prior to joining our Company, Mr. Ziemba was a partner in the Corporate and Securities

 

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department of Graubard Miller, which served as our primary corporate counsel, from 1991 to 2007, and was employed as an associate at that firm beginning in 1982. Mr. Ziemba received his B.A. in History with university honors from Binghamton University and his J.D. cum laude from Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law. Mr. Ziemba served as a director of our Company from 1996 to 2003.

Michael Steinhardt has served as our non-executive Chairman of the Board since November 2004. From 1967 through 1995, Mr. Steinhardt served as Senior Managing Partner of Steinhardt Partners, L.P., a private investment company, and related investment entities. In 1995, Mr. Steinhardt closed Steinhardt Partners and eliminated his involvement in managing client assets. He founded and now serves as President of Steinhardt Management Co., Inc., which currently manages a single private investment fund investing in other funds managed by independent investment managers. Mr. Steinhardt currently devotes most of his time and financial resources to Jewish philanthropic causes, directed through The Steinhardt Foundation for Jewish Life for which he serves as Chairman. Mr. Steinhardt is the co-founder of Birthright Israel and he serves on its Board of Trustees and is a major supporter. He also serves as Co-Chair of the Areivim Philanthropic Group. He also serves on the Board of Trustees of New York University, Brandeis University and the Steinhardt Family Foundation and on the Board of Directors of the Taub Center for Social Policy Studies in Israel. Mr. Steinhardt received his B.S. in Economics from The Wharton School of Business of the University of Pennsylvania. We believe Mr. Steinhardt’s qualifications to serve on the Board of Directors include his extensive years of experience as a founder of a private investment management company. The board also benefits from his perspective and knowledge of financial markets as well as his strategic vision. On January 6, 2012, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware issued an opinion imposing sanctions on the chairman of our Board of Directors, Mr. Steinhardt, which required him, among other things, to self-report certain trading activity not involving the Company’s securities to the SEC. Mr. Steinhardt’s actions did not involve the Company. For more details, see the section entitled “Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings.”

Steven L. Begleiter has served as a member of our Board of Directors since February 2011. Mr. Begleiter has served as Senior Principal at Flexpoint Ford, LLC, a private equity group focused on investments in financial services and healthcare, since October 2008. Prior to joining Flexpoint Ford, Mr. Begleiter spent 24 years at Bear Stearns & Co., serving first as an investment banker in the Financial Institutions Group and then as Senior Managing Director and member of its Management and Compensation Committee from 2002 to September 2008. Mr. Begleiter also served as head of Bear Stearns’ Corporate Strategy Group. Mr. Begleiter received his B.A. in Economics with honors from Haverford College. We believe Mr. Begleiter’s qualifications to serve on the Board of Directors include his many years of experience in leadership positions in the financial services industry as well as his private equity experience. The board also benefits from his extensive industry knowledge and perspectives on capital formation.

Anthony Bossone has served as a member of our Board of Directors since January 2009. Since 2003 Mr. Bossone has been the Chief Financial Officer of Atlantic-Pacific Capital, Inc., a broker-dealer and global placement agent dedicated to raising capital for alternative investment funds. From 2001 to 2003, Mr. Bossone was the Assistant Controller at SAC Capital Advisors, LLC, a hedge fund advisory firm, and from 1999 until 2001, Mr. Bossone served as an equity trader at Schonfeld Securities, LLC, a securities trading firm. Mr. Bossone began his career at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP in 1993 where he was an audit manager until 1999. Mr. Bossone received his B.S. in Business and Economics with highest honors from Lehigh University and is a Certified Public Accountant. We believe Mr. Bossone’s qualifications to serve on the Board of Directors include his financial and accounting expertise. The board also benefits from his experience as an equity trader.

R. Jarrett Lilien has served as a member of our Board of Directors since November 2008. Since January 2009, Mr. Lilien has served as Managing Partner of Bendigo Partners, a private equity and consulting firm focused on technology-enabled financial service companies, which he co-founded. Between 1999 and May 2008, Mr. Lilien was employed by E*Trade Financial Corporation, a brokerage and financial services firm, holding various positions including President and Chief Operating Officer, from 2003 to May 2008, and Acting Chief Executive Officer, from November 2007 until March 2008. Prior to his service at E*Trade, Mr. Lilien was Chief

 

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Executive Officer of TIR Securities, a global institutional brokerage firm that he co-founded in 1989 and which was later sold to E*Trade. Prior to TIR Securities, Mr. Lilien held various positions at Paine Webber and Autranet, Inc., a division of Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, Inc., both brokerage and financial service firms. Mr. Lilien currently serves as President of the Jazz Foundation of America and is on the Board of Directors of the Baryshnikov Arts Center and on the Advisory Board of WFUV FM Radio. Mr. Lilien received his B.A. in Economics from the University of Vermont. We believe Mr. Lilien’s qualifications to serve on the Board of Directors include his experience in founding and building financial services companies. The board also benefits from his extensive leadership experience and his ability to provide strategic guidance.

James D. Robinson, IV has served as a member of our Board of Directors since November 2004. Mr. Robinson is a Managing Partner of RRE Ventures, LLC, a venture capital firm primarily focused on technology companies, which he co-founded in 1994. From 1992 to 1994 Mr. Robinson was employed by Hambrecht & Quist Venture Capital, a venture capital firm, where he served as a General Partner for several investment funds for the firm. From 1986 to 1992, he was employed by JP Morgan & Company, where he worked on technology-related assignments, first within the Global Exposure Management group building risk management systems, and later as an investment banker in the Corporate Finance group focused on technology and communications companies. Mr. Robinson serves on the Board of Directors of numerous companies held in the investment portfolios of the RRE Ventures-affiliated funds. Mr. Robinson received a B.A. with a double degree in Computer Science and Business Administration from Antioch College and an M.B.A. from Harvard University. We believe Mr. Robinson’s qualifications to serve on the Board of Directors include his experience in building and financing companies from earliest stages of growth. In addition, Mr. Robinson’s venture capital experience as well as his insight into capital formation enables him to provide the board with valuable strategic advice.

Frank Salerno has served as a member of our Board of Directors since July 2005. From July 1999 until his retirement in February 2004, Mr. Salerno was Managing Director and Chief Operating Officer of Merrill Lynch Investment Advisors—Americas Institutional Division, an investment advisory company. Before joining Merrill Lynch, Mr. Salerno spent 18 years with Bankers Trust Company in various positions. In 1990, he assumed responsibility for Bankers Trust’s domestic index management business and in 1995 he became Chief Investment Officer for its Structured Investment Management Group. Mr. Salerno received a B.S. in Economics from Syracuse University and an M.B.A. in Finance from New York University. Mr. Salerno served as a director and member of the audit committee and conflicts committee of K-Sea Transportation Partners, L.P., formerly a NYSE-listed company, from 2004 until its acquisition in 2011. We believe Mr. Salerno’s qualifications to serve on the Board of Directors include his extensive years in senior management positions at large asset management firms as well as his service on the board of directors of another public company. The board also benefits from his strategic insights on the asset management industry.

Board Composition

Our Board of Directors currently consists of eight members. Our Nominating Committee and Board of Directors consider a broad range of factors relating to the qualifications and background of nominees. We have no formal policy regarding board diversity. Our Nominating Committee’s and Board of Directors’ priority in selecting board members is identification of persons who will further the interests of our stockholders through his or her established record of professional accomplishment, the ability to contribute positively to the collaborative culture among board members, and professional and personal experiences and expertise relevant to our growth strategy.

Our Board of Directors is divided into three staggered classes of directors of the same or nearly the same number. At each annual meeting of the stockholders, a class of directors will be elected for a three year term to succeed the directors of the same class whose terms are then expiring. The terms of the directors will expire upon the election and qualification of successor directors at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2013 for Class II directors, 2014 for Class III directors and 2015 for Class I directors.

 

   

Our Class I directors are Michael Steinhardt, Anthony Bossone and Bruce Lavine.

 

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Our Class II directors are James D. Robinson, IV and Steven Begleiter.

 

   

Our Class III directors are Frank Salerno, R. Jarrett Lilien and Jonathan Steinberg.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws provide that the number of our directors shall be fixed from time to time by a resolution of the majority of our Board of Directors. Any additional directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors will be distributed among the three classes so that, as nearly as possible, each class shall consist of one third of the Board of Directors. The division of our Board of Directors into three classes with staggered three-year terms may delay or prevent stockholder efforts to effect a change of our management or a change in control.

In a private placement of our common stock in November 2009, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement that provided, among other things that as long as Michael Steinhardt individually, and RRE Ventures III-A, L.P., RRE Ventures Fund III, L.P., and RRE Ventures III, L.P. (collectively the “RRE Entities”), collectively, beneficially own at least 10,000,000 shares of common stock, they each shall have the independent right to require the Company to either (i) appoint a designee, reasonably acceptable to our Board of Directors, as a member of our Board of Directors, or (ii) provide a designee with notice of all board meetings and copies of all materials delivered to members of our Board of Directors and permit such designee to attend and observe each meeting of our Board of Directors. We further agreed that Mr. Steinhardt and James D. Robinson, IV, as the designees of Mr. Steinhardt and the RRE Entities, respectively, were acceptable designees of Mr. Steinhardt and the RRE Entities, respectively. Mr. Steinhardt continues to beneficially owns at least 10,000,000 shares of our common stock and therefore continues to be contractually entitled to designate a director or an observer. The beneficial ownership of the RRE Entities was reduced to 1,263,789 shares in connection with the public offering in November 2012, and thus the RRE Entities are no longer contractually entitled to designate a director or observer.

Board Leadership Structure and Board’s Role in Risk Oversight

The positions of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer are separated. We believe that separating these positions allows our Chief Executive Officer to focus on our day-to-day business, while allowing the chairman of the board to lead the Board of Directors in its fundamental role of providing advice to, and independent oversight of, management. Our Board of Directors recognizes the time, effort and energy that the Chief Executive Officer is required to devote to his position in the current business environment, as well as the commitment required to serve as our chairman, particularly as the Board of Directors’ oversight responsibilities continue to grow. While our by-laws and corporate governance guidelines do not require that our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions be separate, our Board of Directors believes that having separate positions is the appropriate leadership structure for us at this time and demonstrates our commitment to good corporate governance.

Risk is inherent with every business, and how well a business manages risk can ultimately determine its success. We face a number of risks, including risks relating to our operations, strategic direction and intellectual property as more fully discussed under “Risk Factors” in this Report. Management is responsible for the day-to-day management of the risks we face, while our Board of Directors, as a whole and through its committees, has responsibility for the oversight of risk management. In its risk oversight role, our Board of Directors has the responsibility to satisfy itself that the risk management processes designed and implemented by management are adequate and functioning as designed.

The Board of Directors’ role in overseeing the management of our risks is conducted primarily through committees of the Board of Directors, as disclosed in the descriptions of each of the committees below and in the charters of each of the committees. The full Board of Directors (or the appropriate board committee in the case of risks that are under the purview of a particular committee) discusses with management our major risk exposures, their potential impact on our Company and the steps we take to manage them. When a board committee is responsible for evaluating and overseeing the management of a particular risk or risks, the chairman of the relevant committee reports on the discussion to the full Board of Directors during the committee reports portion of the next board meeting. This enables our Board of Directors and its committees to coordinate the risk oversight role, particularly with respect to risk interrelationships.

 

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Board Independence

NASDAQ rules require listed companies to have a board of directors with at least a majority of independent directors. Our Board of Directors has determined that six of our eight directors are independent under the listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market. The members determined to be independent are Messrs. Begleiter, Bossone, Lilien, Robinson, Salerno and Steinhardt.

Lead Independent Director

In 2008, our Board of Directors determined that it would be good corporate practice to designate one of our independent directors as Lead Independent Director. Mr. Salerno has held this designation since the position was established. The duties of our Lead Independent Director are as follows:

 

   

serve as the intra-meeting liaison between (i) our Board of Directors and management, and (ii) amongst the independent directors;

 

   

serve as an ex-officio, non-voting member of each standing committee (of which he is not a member) of our Board or Directors;

 

   

ensure that appropriate reports and information are circulated to the independent directors on a timely basis by management and others;

 

   

lead our Board of Directors in the process of periodic reviews of the performance of the Chief Executive Officer, as well as in discussions regarding the Chief Executive Officer’s reports on senior management performance and management succession issues and plans;

 

   

chair meetings of the independent directors if the chairman is not present; and

 

   

perform such other appropriate duties as the independent directors shall assign to him or her from time to time.

Committees of Our Board of Directors

Our Board of Directors has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating Committee, each of which operates pursuant to a charter adopted by our Board of Directors. Membership on each committee is limited to independent directors as defined under the listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market. In addition, members of the Audit Committee must also meet the independence standards for Audit Committee members adopted by the SEC.

Audit Committee. Messrs. Bossone, Lilien and Salerno currently serve on the Audit Committee, which is chaired by Mr. Salerno. Our Board of Directors has determined that each member is an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined under the applicable rules of the SEC. The Audit Committee’s responsibilities include:

 

   

overseeing the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Company and the audits of the Company’s financial statements;

 

   

approving auditing and permissible non-audit services, and the terms of such services, to be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm;

 

   

establishing policies and procedures for the receipt and retention of accounting-related complaints and concerns;

 

   

monitoring, reporting to and reviewing with the Board of Directors regarding the integrity of our financial statements and our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements as they relate to our financial statements and accounting matters;

 

   

reviewing all related person transactions for potential conflict of interest situations and approving all such transactions; and

 

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taking, or recommending that the Board of Directors take, appropriate action to oversee the qualifications, independence and performance of the Company’s independent auditor.

Compensation Committee. Messrs. Steinhardt, Lilien and Salerno currently serve on the Compensation Committee, which is chaired by Mr. Salerno. The Compensation Committee’s responsibilities include:

 

   

overseeing the administration of the Company’s compensation programs;

 

   

determining and approving the compensation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer;

 

   

approving the compensation of the non-CEO executive officers and certain other senior employees; and

 

   

approving all discretionary bonuses for the Company’s employees, advisers and consultants.

Nominating Committee. Messrs. Steinhardt, Lilien and Robinson currently serve on the Nominating Committee, which is chaired by Mr. Steinhardt. The Nominating Committee’s responsibilities include:

 

   

recommending criteria and qualifications for board and committee membership;

 

   

recruiting and evaluating candidates for nomination for election to the Board of Directors or to fill vacancies on the Board of Directors;

 

   

recommending that the Board of Directors select the director nominees for election at each annual meeting of stockholders;

 

   

establishing a policy with regard to the consideration of director candidates recommended by stockholders; and

 

   

reviewing all stockholder nominations and proposals submitted to the Company.

Our Board of Directors may from time to time establish other committees.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

During 2012, none of our executive officers served as: (i) a member of the Compensation Committee (or other committee of the board of directors performing equivalent functions or, in the absence of any such committee, the entire board of directors) of another entity, one of whose executive officers served on our Compensation Committee; (ii) a director of another entity, one of whose executive officers served on our Compensation Committee or (iii) a member of the Compensation Committee (or other committee of the board of directors performing equivalent functions or, in the absence of any such committee, the entire board of directors) of another entity, one of whose executive officers served on our Board of Directors.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

The Chairman of our Board of Directors and beneficial owner of approximately 15.4% of our common stock, Michael Steinhardt, was the plaintiff in a civil class action filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, in a case entitled Michael Steinhardt, Herbert Chen, Derek Sheeler, Steinhardt Overseas Management, L.P., and Ilex Partners, L.L.C., v. Robert Howard-Anderson, Steven Krausz, Robert Abbott, Robert Bylin, Thomas Pardun, Brian Strom, Albert Moyer, and Occam Networks, Inc., C.A. No. 5878-VCL. Occam Networks, Inc., was a publicly traded Delaware corporation that announced on September 16, 2010, that it had entered into merger agreement with Calix, Inc., another publicly traded company in the telecommunications equipment industry. Plaintiffs, Occam shareholders, filed the class action challenging the merger. As part of these proceedings, the court entered a confidentiality order to protect the non-public information that would be exchanged in discovery. This order contained both a general requirement that non-public information produced in the action be used solely for purposes of the litigation and a specific restriction against purchasing, selling, or otherwise trading in the securities of Occam or Calix on the basis of such information. Beginning on December 28, 2010, Mr. Steinhardt began short-selling Calix stock as a way to exit his Occam position. The defendants filed a motion for sanctions on the basis that

 

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Delaware law prohibits plaintiff-fiduciaries from trading stock while they are in possession of non-public information they obtained in discovery. After conducting an evidentiary hearing, the court granted the defendants’ motion for sanctions with respect to Mr. Steinhardt and his affiliated funds on January 6, 2012. The court dismissed Mr. Steinhardt and his affiliated funds from the case with prejudice, barred them from receiving any future recovery in the lawsuit, required them to self-report their trading activities to the SEC and disclose it in any future application to serve as lead plaintiff, and ordered them to disgorge profits of over $530,000.

Mr. Steinhardt’s actions did not involve the Company or trading in the Company’s securities and, based on the facts currently known, which we are continuing to monitor, we do not believe Mr. Steinhardt’s actions have had or will have a material impact on our business. However, there can be no assurance that this will be the case or that this will not have an adverse effect on our reputation or the price of our common stock.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

All of our Section 16 reporting persons timely complied with their reporting obligations under Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Corporate Governance

We have adopted a code of conduct that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including those officers responsible for financial reporting. Our code of conduct is available on our website at http://ir.wisdomtree.com/. We intend to disclose any amendments to this code, or any waivers of its requirements, on our website.

 

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Compensation Committee Report

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of WisdomTree has reviewed and discussed with management the information contained in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section of this amendment to our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A. Based upon that review and discussion, the Compensation Committee has recommended to the Board of Directors that the information set forth below under the heading “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” be included in this amendment to our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A.

No portion of this Compensation Committee Report shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, through any general statement incorporating by reference in its entirety this amendment to our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A in which this Report appears or our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates this report or a portion of it by reference. In addition, this report shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” under either the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

Respectfully submitted by the

Compensation Committee,

Frank Salerno, Chairperson

R. Jarrett Lilien

Michael Steinhardt

 

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Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Overview

This Compensation Discussion and Analysis provides comprehensive information regarding our compensation programs and policies for our named executive officers, who consist of:

 

   

Jonathan Steinberg, our President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”);

 

   

Gregory Barton, our Chief Operating Officer (“COO”);

 

   

Amit Muni, our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”);

 

   

Luciano Siracusano, our Chief Investment Strategist and Head of Sales (“CIS”);

 

   

Peter Ziemba, our Chief Legal Officer (“CLO”); and

 

   

Bruce Lavine, our former President and Chief Operating Officer and currently our non-executive Vice Chairman (“VC”)

We provide what we believe is a competitive total compensation opportunity for our executive management team through a combination of base salary, cash incentive bonuses, equity compensation and broad-based benefits programs. This Compensation Discussion and Analysis explains the following:

 

   

our compensation philosophy and objectives;

 

   

our compensation process, including the roles our Compensation Committee, management and compensation consultants in the process; and

 

   

our policies and practices with respect to each compensation element.

Our Compensation Philosophy and Objectives

Our compensation philosophy and objectives are primarily shaped by strategies to achieve our long-term goals within the business environment in which we operate. We operate in an intensively competitive and challenging business environment and we expect competition to continue and intensify. We directly compete with numerous other ETF sponsors and indirectly compete with other larger and multi-national traditional asset management companies. We compete on a number of factors including the breadth and depth of our product offering as well as the investment performance and fees of our ETFs. We believe our long-term success depends on our ability to:

 

   

continue to innovate and introduce new ETFs to the marketplace to diversify and expand our product offerings;

 

   

grow our market share of industry inflows to become one of the top five ETF sponsors in the United States;

 

   

continue to leverage our existing product offering; and

 

   

continue to generate improved financial results.

A key component of our long-term success is our ability to employ the industry’s most talented, professional and dedicated people at all levels within the Company. Therefore, our employees are critical to our long-term success.

The primary objectives of our compensation program are as follows:

 

   

attract, retain, and motivate our professional, dedicated, and expert employees in the highly competitive asset management industry;

 

   

reward and retain employees whose knowledge, skills and performance are critical to our continued success;

 

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align the interest of all our employees with those of our stockholders by motivating them to increase stockholder value; and

 

   

motivate our executives to manage our business to meet short-term and long-term objectives and reward them appropriately for meeting or exceeding them.

The following principles guide our compensation programs:

 

   

Pay-for-performance—Our compensation programs are designed to reward our employees for their individual performance as well as our Company’s performance. If our employee is a top-tier performer, he or she should receive higher rewards. Likewise, where individual performance falls short of expectations and/or our Company’s financial performance declines, the programs should deliver lower levels of compensation. In addition, the objectives of pay-for performance and retention must be balanced. Even in periods of temporary downturns in our Company’s performance, our programs should continue to ensure that our successful, high-achieving employees will remain motivated and committed to us.

 

   

Every employee should be a stake-holder aligned with our stockholders—We believe a key factor in our success has been and continues to be fostering an entrepreneurial culture where our employees act and think like our owners. As such, our compensation programs should encourage stock ownership throughout our organization to align our employees’ interests with our stockholders. Our stock awards should be long-term in nature.

 

   

Higher levels of responsibility are reflected in compensation—Our compensation should be based on our employees’ level of job responsibility. As employees progress to higher levels in our organization, an increasing proportion of their pay should be tied to our Company’s long-term performance because they are more able to affect our results.

 

   

Competitive compensation levels—Our compensation programs should be reflective of the value of the position in the marketplace. To attract and retain a highly skilled work force, we must remain competitive with the pay of other premier employers who compete with us for talent.

 

   

Team approach—We believe our success has been based on the coordinated efforts of all our employees working towards our common goals, not on the efforts of any one individual. As such, our compensation programs should be applied across the organization, taking into account differences in job responsibilities and marketplace considerations. Perquisites should be rare and limited to those that are important to our employees’ ability to safely and effectively carry out their responsibilities.

 

   

Align with long-term success—We believe our compensation programs should closely link incentive rewards to our long-term strategic priorities and successes and not short-term excessive risk taking.

To achieve these objectives, we seek to provide competitive compensation packages recognizing and rewarding individual contributions to ensure that executive compensation is aligned with corporate strategies and business objectives.

Factors Considered in Evaluating Total Compensation for our Executive Officers

The Compensation Committee considers the following un-weighted factors (listed in no particular order) to ensure that compensation is fair, reasonable, competitive and consistent with our compensation philosophies and objectives referred to above:

 

   

Our financial health which includes actual results, budgets and projections.

 

   

Operational performance metrics, including net inflows, market share of industry inflows and organic growth in assets under management as compared to other industry peers.

 

   

The results of our stockholders’ advisory vote on the compensation of our executive compensation.

 

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The broader economic conditions within the industry. The Compensation Committee recognizes that our assets under management and ability to gather ETF inflows are subject to market and other external conditions outside of our control.

 

   

The performance of our common stock.

 

   

The experience, tenure and performance of our executive officers and the extent to which the Compensation Committee is generally satisfied with our executive officer’s past performance and expected future contributions.

 

   

Each executive officer’s duties, responsibilities and ability to influence corporate performance.

 

   

Industry survey data to confirm the reasonableness of compensation levels.

 

   

Compensation levels of comparable positions at similar publicly traded asset managers.

 

   

Historical executive compensation levels along with company-wide compensation levels.

 

   

Our contractual obligation to certain officers.

 

   

Views from our compensation consultant regarding pay practices and trends.

The Compensation Committee considers the factors above, together with their collective experiences and business judgment, to evaluate our compensation practices. The Compensation Committee believes this general approach helps us to compete in hiring and to retain the best possible talent while at the same time maintaining a reasonable and responsible cost structure.

Role of the Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors, is responsible for the general oversight of our compensation policies and practices. The Compensation Committee also reviews the overall compensation structure and evaluates the overall performance of our executive officers as a team in order to determine that compensation is fair, reasonable, competitive and consistent with our compensation philosophies and objectives based on their collective experiences and business judgment. The Compensation Committee does engage a compensation consultant with respect to executive compensation as needed.

The Compensation Committee specifically evaluates the performance of our CEO and indirectly, the performance of our other executive officers. The Compensation Committee also discusses the overall performance and compensation of our executives with members of our Board of Directors and presents them with information regarding compensation matters throughout the year as needed.

The Compensation Committee oversees the development, implementation and administration of our compensation programs, including all compensation plans adopted by the Board under which equity grants are made, determines and approves performance measures and goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of the CEO, evaluates the performance of the CEO in light of those goals and objectives, and determines and approves the CEO’s compensation based on this evaluation, reviews and approves the compensation of the non-CEO executive officers and other senior employees under the Committee’s purview, reviews and approves all discretionary bonuses to our employees, and reviews and approves employment, severance, and change in control agreements as well as any other supplemental benefits provided to our executive officers and other senior employees under the Committee’s purview. The Compensation Committee also reviews and makes recommendations to our Board of Directors with respect to directors’ compensation. The Compensation Committee also works with our CLO to annually review and reassess the adequacy of its charter, proposing changes as necessary to our Board of Directors for approval.

Role of Management

Our executive officers play a critical and important role in setting or recommending compensation levels throughout our organization. Our CEO makes incentive compensation recommendations for the executive

 

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officers to the Compensation Committee. In considering the CEO’s recommendations, the Compensation Committee considers the factors discussed above to ensure that compensation is fair, reasonable, competitive and consistent with our compensation philosophies and objectives.

Our CFO and CLO work with our CEO and Chairman of the Compensation Committee to design and develop compensation programs applicable to all our employees, including recommending changes to existing compensation programs and operational performance targets, preparing analyses of Company financial, operational data or other Compensation Committee briefing materials, analyzing industry data, and, ultimately, implementing the decisions of the Compensation Committee.

Market Compensation Benchmarking

The Compensation Committee monitors relevant market and industry statistics on executive compensation as one of several factors it considers in determining compensation to our executive officers. In making compensation decisions, the Compensation Committee reviews:

 

   

Industry surveys—McLagan Partners, Inc., a compensation consulting firm for the financial services industry, prepares annual comprehensive compensation surveys for the asset manager industry. These surveys consisted of consolidated average compensation information of publicly traded and private asset management firms.

 

   

Industry peers—publicly disclosed pay information for certain publicly traded asset management firms that are generally similar in size, product offering or financial metrics as WisdomTree.

The Compensation Committee uses this information as reasonable and useful starting points for compensation decisions to understand evolving pay trends at asset managers.

Use of Compensation Consultants

The Committee retains Frederick W. Cook & Co., a compensation consultant, to provide objective advice on the pay practices and the competitive landscape for compensation. The compensation consultant also reviews McLagan survey information and selection process and pay information for the publicly traded industry peers.

Consideration of Results of Say-on-Pay Vote

At our 2012 annual meeting of stockholders, we provided our stockholders with the opportunity to cast an advisory vote on our fiscal year 2011 compensation paid to our named executive officers, or say-on-pay. At that meeting, 78% of our stockholders voting on say-on-pay cast a vote in favor of the proposal. The Compensation Committee reviews the outcome of our stockholders’ advisory say-on-pay proposal in its evaluation and determination of executive compensation. The Compensation Committee considered the results of the stockholders’ advisory vote at our 2012 Annual Meeting, and did not make any changes to our executive compensation policies and decisions as a result of such vote.

Employment Agreements

We have entered into employment agreements with our COO, CFO, CLO and VC which establishes minimum base salary and cash incentive compensation, severance, change in control, certain post-employment restrictive covenants and other benefits. The Compensation Committee believes it is appropriate to maintain these agreements and benefits in order to provide certainty to our executive officers and VC to support a stable executive management team focusing on our long-term success. We do not maintain employment agreements with our CEO or CIS as the Compensation Committee believes that their significant equity ownership of the Company as co-creators of our fundamentally weighted methodology, aligns their interest with our long-term success.

 

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Components of Compensation

We have established the following components of compensation to satisfy our compensation objectives:

 

   

base salary;

 

   

annual incentive compensation;

 

   

long-term equity compensation;

 

   

benefit programs;

 

   

change in control benefits; and

 

   

severance benefits.

We believe these components provide competitive compensation packages recognizing and rewarding individual contributions; ensure that executive compensation is aligned with corporate strategies and business objectives; and promote the achievement of key strategic and operating performance measures.

Base Salary

We use base salary as a means of providing steady pay or a fixed source of compensation for our executive officers allowing them a degree of certainty in order to attract and retain them. Our COO, CFO and CLO have minimum base compensation of $300,000 under their employment agreements.

Annual Incentive Compensation

We have established an annual bonus program to reward our executive officers, as well as all our employees, for their individual performance as well as Company performance. Incentive compensation is intended to motivate executives to achieve company-wide operating and strategic objectives. This award is granted in cash and restricted stock. Our COO, CFO and CLO have minimum annual cash incentive compensation of $200,000 under their employment agreements.

Long-Term Equity Compensation

Because short-term performance does not by itself accurately reflect our overall performance nor the return realized by our stockholders, our employees are eligible to receive equity awards. We believe that providing equity ownership:

 

   

serves to align the interests of our employees with our stockholders by creating an ownership culture and a direct link between compensation and stockholder return;

 

   

creates a significant, long-term interest for our employees to contribute to our success;

 

   

aids in the retention of employees in a highly competitive market for talent; and

 

   

allows the executives to participate in our longer-term success through potential stock price appreciation.

Our equity award program is the primary vehicle for offering long-term incentives to our executives. In determining the size and mix of equity grants to our executives, our Compensation Committee used their collective experiences and business judgment and considered the executives’ level of responsibility, the executives’ ability to significantly influence our growth and profitability, the executives previous experience, and the amount of equity awarded to our other executives.

 

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Benefits and Perquisites

As stated in our compensation philosophy, our executive officers and Compensation Committee agree that perquisites should be rare and limited to those that are important to our employees’ ability to safely and effectively carry out their responsibilities. Our executive officers are entitled to participate in directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, as well as the various benefits made available to our other employees, such as our 401(k) plan, group health plans, paid vacation and sick leave, basic life insurance and short-term and long-term disability benefits.

Severance

Pursuant to employment agreements we have entered into with our COO, CFO, CLO and VC each of them is entitled to specified benefits in the event of the involuntary termination of his employment without cause or the voluntary termination of his employment for good reason. These benefits include partial acceleration of unvested restricted stock and option awards and guaranteed minimum severance payments and benefits.

Change-in-Control Benefits

Upon a change in control that occurs during the employment of our executive officers or, in certain circumstances, within six or twelve months following the executive’s involuntary termination without cause or voluntary termination for good reason, certain of the equity awards that have been granted to our named executive officers will accelerate and any stock options will become fully or partially vested and the conditions and restrictions on any restricted stock awards will be removed. We have provided more detailed information about these benefits, along with estimates of value under various circumstances, in the table below under “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control.”

Our goal in providing severance and change in control benefits is to offer certainty regarding the potential protection such that our executive officers will: (i) focus their attention and decision-making on the requirements of the business, and (ii) cooperate in negotiating any change in control in which they believe they may lose their jobs. We believe these benefits assist in maintaining a competitive position in terms of attracting and retaining key executives which is in the best interests of our stockholders.

Tax and Accounting Considerations

Currently, accounting and tax treatment of particular forms of compensation are considered but do not materially affect our compensation decisions. However, in the future as we continue to gain experience with our compensation policies and grow our business, we will evaluate the effect of such accounting and tax treatment on an ongoing basis and will make appropriate modifications to compensation policies where appropriate. For example, Section 162(m) of the Code generally disallows a tax deduction to a publicly-traded company for certain compensation in excess of $1,000,000 paid in any taxable year to the chief executive officer and the four other most highly compensated executive officers. Qualifying performance-based compensation is not subject to the deduction limitation if specified requirements are met. We believe we will structure the performance-based portion of our executive compensation, in the future, where feasible, to comply with exemptions in Section 162(m) so that the compensation remains tax-deductible to us. The Compensation Committee in its judgment may, however, authorize compensation payments that do not comply with the exemptions in Section 162(m) when it believes that such payments are appropriate to attract and retain executive talent.

2012 Compensation

Change in Equity Granting Practice and Total Compensation Competitive Review

In 2012, we began a process to examine our practice of granting equity awards to our employees. In the past, when employees were hired, we would grant them a significant long-term equity award that would vest over four years. When that initial award was about to fully vest, we often replenished the award with a more modest long-term award. We also granted special long-term equity awards from time to time to certain employees to

 

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recognize their exemplary performance or promotions as part of their year-end compensation. In 2009, because most of our employees had options that were significantly out of the money, our Board and Compensation Committee approved a proposal to provide eligible employees an opportunity to exercise their underwater stock options in the future at an alternative lower strike price. To obtain the full benefit of the alternative strike price, employees were required to remain with us for an additional four years. In effect, this re-pricing was like a new equity grant and eliminated the need for us to grant replenishment long-term equity awards after the re-pricing other than special awards to recognize employees’ exceptional performance. Since most of these equity awards would fully vest by January 2013, the Compensation Committee directed our CFO and CLO to review our grant practices and shift from the practice described above, which is more typical for a start-up company, to an annual granting practice, which is a more typical for maturing companies and companies in the financial services industry. As part of this review, compensation consultants from Frederick W. Cook & Co. provided guidance to the Compensation Committee and our CFO and CLO to help redesign our equity grant practice.

In conjunction with the change in equity granting practice, we also undertook a market study to ensure our pay levels were competitive within the asset management industry relative to our size and location in New York City. This study was done for all employees, including our executive officers. Working with our compensation consultant, we analyzed competitive pay information for each individual position provided by McLagan where an appropriate match of position and responsibilities could be made. This market data was one factor used in the evaluation along with our judgment based on each individual’s performance and our business needs. In addition, we reviewed average total compensation levels which included the value of any long-term equity awards which were not considered as part of total compensation in the past. For the executive officers, peer information from other publicly traded asset managers were also analyzed, which included Artio Global Investors, Calamos Asset Management, CIFC Corp, Cohen & Steers, Diamond Hill Investment, Epoch Holdings, Financial Engines, GAMCO Investors, Manning & Napier, Virtus Investment Partners, and Westwood Holdings Group. These firms were selected because of their similar size, market capitalization, product offering or financial metrics as WisdomTree. The analysis was presented to the Compensation Committee and considered in determining total compensation for our executive officers and the total compensation pool for WisdomTree.

Change in Executive Management

In April 2012, our Board of Directors appointed our CEO as President and CEO. Our then President and Chief Operating Officer, Bruce Lavine, relinquished his President and Chief Operating Officer responsibilities to serve as Vice Chairman and relocated to California for family reasons. Mr. Lavine continues to serve in a leadership role and is a member of our Board of Directors. In October 2012, Gregory Barton joined us as Chief Operating Officer. In connection with his new role as Vice Chairman, Mr. Lavine’s compensation was changed. He received a prorated incentive compensation award based on his 2011 compensation; his base salary was reduced to $25,000; and he will no longer be eligible for any incentive compensation. Mr. Lavine agreed to extend the vesting conditions of his long-term equity awards whereby they would ratably vest through 2015 instead of 2014, essentially enhancing their retention characteristics.

2012 Performance Background

We have been and continue to operate in an extremely challenging and highly competitive business environment. Equity markets have generally improved; however, the markets continue to experience significant volatility. The level of flows into the equity markets have been tepid since the financial crisis; although ETF flows hit record levels in 2012. Despite a challenging economic environment, our AUM and net inflows have been growing and reaching record levels which has also translated into record revenues and earnings.

Highlights of 2012 and goals established at the beginning of the year that the Compensation Committee considered in evaluating the performance of our executive officers included:

 

   

Margin improvement—our gross margins increased from 61% in 2011 to 66% in 2012. Our proforma pre-tax operating margins, which excludes costs related to patent litigation, ETF shareholder proxy, initial exchange listing and offering related costs, increased from 6% to 17%.

 

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Continued diversification of product offering—we launched one fixed income ETF to expand our fixed income offering and one equity ETF focusing on Chinese equities excluding financial companies to offer a differentiation from existing products in the market.

 

   

Target 3% to 5% market share of industry inflows—in 2012 market share of inflows was below target at 2.6% due to strong flows during the beginning of 2012 into U.S. fixed income investments, an area where we do not have a competing product.

 

   

Fast relative growth rates—we had the second fastest organic AUM growth rate of the top 10 ETF sponsors in 2012. We had the highest organic AUM growth rate of the publicly traded traditional asset managers.

 

   

Public Offerings—due to our strong operating and financial performance coupled with our investor relations efforts to build investor awareness and demand, we completed two public offerings allowing our initial investors to monetize a portion of their investment in WisdomTree in a controlled manner. This allowed us to broaden our ownership as part of our evolution from a start-up to a NASDAQ listed company.

 

   

Ended patent litigation—we successfully ended our patent litigation with Research Affiliates with minimal disruption and expense to the Company.

 

   

ETF shareholder proxy—we successfully completed a proxy of the WisdomTree ETF shareholders which allowed us to continue to serve as investment advisor to the WisdomTree ETFs in the event that our Chairman, Michael Steinhardt, decreased his ownership interest in WisdomTree below 25%. In addition, we obtained approval to change sub-advisors to the WisdomTree ETFs without future shareholder approval.

 

   

Renegotiated joint venture with BNY Mellon—we ended our joint venture with BNY Mellon for our currency and fixed income ETFs early and on beneficial financial terms.

 

   

Higher AUM and net inflows—our AUM increased 50% from $12.2 billion at the end of 2011 to $18.3 billion at the end of 2012. Our net inflows increased 21% from $3.9 billion in 2011 to $4.7 billion in 2012.

2012 Compensation Results

Given the change in equity granting practice and competitive analysis on compensation, our CEO and Compensation Committee focused on determining the appropriate level of total compensation for each of our executive officers. Our CEO and Compensation Committee use their business judgment, and considered:

 

   

The individual performance of each of our executive officers and their performance as a team in reaching our goals;

 

   

Survey data from McLagan;

 

   

Publicly traded asset manager peer information;

 

   

Historical average total compensation taking into account long-term equity awards; and

 

   

Guidance from Frederick W. Cook & Co., the Compensation Committee’s compensation consultant.

In determining the total compensation for our CEO, the Compensation Committee placed more emphasis on publicly traded peer information as this was an easily comparable position. Our CEO also placed more emphasis on publicly traded peer data in determining our CFO’s total compensation as it was easily comparable. Our CEO placed more emphasis on survey data for our CIS and CLO’s total compensation and subjectively determined an incentive compensation amount for our COO given his short tenure with the firm.

 

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The table below reflects the total compensation granted to our executive officers in a manner that the Compensation Committee used to evaluate total compensation. This table supplements the “Summary Compensation Table” presented below, which is in a different format required by the SEC:

 

(in thousands)

   Base      +    Incentive Compensation      =    Total
Compensation
 
                 Short-Term      Long-Term                     
                 (Cash)      (Stock)      Total           2012  

Jonathan Steinberg

   $ 450          $ 399       $ 2,151       $ 2,550          $ 3,000   

Gregory Barton(1)

   $ 69          $ 46       $ 54       $ 100          $ 169   

Amit Muni

   $ 300          $ 396       $ 257       $ 653          $ 953   

Luciano Siracusano

   $ 300          $ 399       $ 601       $ 1,000          $ 1,300   

Peter Ziemba

   $ 300          $ 396       $ 404       $ 800          $ 1,100   

Brue Lavine(2)

   $ 185          $ 233       $ 39       $ 272          $ 457   

 

(1) Mr. Barton joined us in October 2012.
(2) As discussed above, Mr. Lavine changed roles and his compensation was changed in August 2012.

Long-term equity awards were granted in January 2013 and represent restricted stock which will vest 50% in January 2014, 25% in January 2015 and 25% in January 2016. The values for the long-term equity awards represent the accounting grant date fair values in accordance with U.S generally accepted accounting principles.

Acceleration of Bonus Payments and Stock Vesting

Due to the “fiscal cliff” issues and the probability of higher taxes in 2013 for highly compensated employees, including our executive officers, our Compensation Committee approved the payment of a significant portion of 2012 performance year cash bonuses in December 2012 instead of February 2013. In addition, they approved the accelerated vesting of restricted stock due to vest in January 2013 to December 2012. The Compensation Committee determined it was appropriate to provide this benefit to our executive officers to minimize their tax payments and considered this benefit when determining total compensation for our executive officers for 2013.

Risk Analysis of Compensation Policies and Programs

The Compensation Committee has reviewed our overall compensation policies and believes that these policies do not encourage excessive and unnecessary risk-taking and that the level of risk that they do encourage is not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our Company. The design of the compensation policies and programs encourages employees to remain focused on both our short-and long-term goals. For example, while the cash bonus plan measures performance on an annual basis, the equity awards typically vest over a number of years, which we believe encourages employees to focus on sustained stock price appreciation, thus limiting the potential for excessive risk-taking.

Conclusion

After careful review and analysis, we believe that each element of compensation and the total compensation provided to each of our executive officers is reasonable and appropriate. Through the compensation arrangements described above, a portion of each executive’s compensation is contingent on our company-wide and their individual performance. Therefore, the realization of benefits by the executive is closely linked to our achievements and increases in stockholder value. We remain committed to our compensation philosophies and the Compensation Committee gives careful consideration to our executive compensation program, including each element of compensation for each executive. The Compensation Committee believes that our compensation program gives each executive appropriate incentive to contribute to our long-term performance and believes that our compensation structure and practices encourage management to work as a team in an entrepreneurial culture

 

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for outstanding stockholder returns, without taking unnecessary or excessive risks. The total compensation opportunities of our compensation packages will allow us to attract and retain talented executives who have helped and who will continue to help us grow as we look to the years ahead.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to compensation earned during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 by each named executive officer.

Summary Compensation Table

 

Name and Principal Position

   Year      Salary     Bonus(1)      Stock
Awards(2)
     Option
Awards(2)
     Total  

Jonathan Steinberg

     2012       $ 450,000      $ 399,000       $ 109,012         —        $ 958,012   

President and Chief Executive Officer

     2011       $ 450,000      $ 318,750       $ 92,774         —         $ 861,524   
     2010       $ 450,000      $ 262,500       $ 250,000         —         $ 962,500   

Gregory Barton

     2012       $ 69,423 (3)    $ 46,000       $ 1,348,000         —         $ 1,463,423   

Chief Operating Officer

                

Amit Muni

     2012       $ 300,000      $ 396,000       $ 986,575         —         $ 1,682,575   

Chief Financial Officer

     2011       $ 300,000      $ 317,188       $ 536,505       $ 448,500       $ 1,602,193   
     2010       $ 294,792 (4)    $ 275,000       $ 50,000       $ 134,000       $ 753,792   

Luciano Siracusano

     2012       $ 300,000      $ 399,000       $ 1,055,512         —         $ 1,754,512   

Chief Investment Strategist

     2011       $ 300,000      $ 318,750       $ 92,774         —         $ 711,524   
     2010       $ 245,833 (5)    $ 262,500       $ 62,501         —         $ 570,834   

Peter Ziemba

     2012       $ 300,000      $ 396,000       $ 986,575         —         $ 1,682,575   

Chief Legal Officer

     2011       $ 300,000      $ 317,188       $ 536,505         —         $ 1,153,693   
     2010       $ 300,000      $ 275,000       $ 50,000       $ 134,000       $ 759,000   

Bruce Lavine

     2012       $ 185,417 (6)    $ 232,878       $ 68,129         —         $ 486,424   

Vice Chairman (Former President and COO)

     2011       $ 300,000      $ 399,219       $ 53,015         —         $ 752,234   
     2010       $ 300,000      $ 350,000       $ 50,000       $ 100,500       $ 800,500   

 

(1) Amounts reflected for the year 2012 reflect bonuses earned in 2012 of which a portion was paid in December 2012 with the remainder paid in 2013, amounts reflected for the year 2011 reflect bonuses earned in 2011 and paid in 2012, and amounts reflected for the year 2010 reflect bonuses earned in 2010 and paid in 2011.
(2) Amounts reflect the aggregate accounting grant date fair value of awards to our named executive officers computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standard Codification Topic 718. The assumptions used by us in the valuation of the equity awards are set forth in note 6 of the notes to our annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.
(3) Amount reflected for 2012 reflects the pro rata of Mr. Barton’s employment agreement base salary of $300,000 from date of hire.
(4) Pursuant to the terms of Mr. Muni’s employment agreement, his base salary increased from $275,000 to $300,000 effective on March 16, 2010. The amount shown above reflects the pro rata application of that increase for the year ended December 31, 2010.
(5) The Compensation Committee increased Mr. Siracusano’s base salary from $200,000 to $250,000 effective on February 1, 2010. The amount shown above reflects the pro rata application of that increase for the year ended December 31, 2010.
(6) Amount reflected for 2012 reflects the pro rata of Mr. Lavine’s current employment agreement as Vice Chairman with a base salary of $25,000, and his former employment agreement as President and COO with a base salary of $300,000.

 

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Grants of Plan-Based Awards

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to stock awards granted under our 2005 Performance Equity Plan to our named executive officers under our equity plans during the year ended December 31, 2012.

Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table for the 2012 Fiscal Year

 

Name

   Grant
Date
     Option Awards:
Number of  Shares
Underlying Options
     Exercise or Base
Price of Option
Awards
     Stock Awards:
Number of
Shares of Restricted
Stock
     Grant
Date Fair
Value of
Stock and
Option
Awards(1)
 

Jonathan Steinberg

     1/25/2012         —           —           17,276       $ 109,012   

Gregory Barton

     10/8/2012         —           —           200,000       $ 1,348,000   

Amit Muni

     1/25/2012         —           —           156,351       $ 986,575   

Luciano Siracusano

     1/25/2012         —           —           167,276       $ 1,055,512   

Peter Ziemba

     1/25/2012         —           —           156,351       $ 986,575   

Bruce Lavine

     1/25/2012         —           —           10,797       $ 68,129   

 

(1) Amounts reflect the aggregate accounting grant date fair value of awards to our named executive officers computed in accordance with FASB Accounting Standard Codification Topic 718. The assumptions used by us in the valuation of the equity awards are set forth in note 6 of the notes to our annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.

 

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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End Awards

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to outstanding options and stock awards held by our named executive officers at December 31, 2012:

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End 2012 Table

 

     Option Awards     Stock Awards  
     Number of Securities
Underlying
Unexercised Options
    Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Unearned
Options
    Option
Exercise
Price
    Grant
Date
    Option
Expiration
Date(1)
    Grant
Date
     Number
of Shares or
Units of Stock
That Have
Not  Vested
     Market Value
of Shares or
Units of Stock
That Have Not
Vested(2)
 
     Exercisable     Unexercisable                  

Jonathan Steinberg

    3,000,000        —          —        $ 0.03        3/17/04        3/16/14 (3)         
    835,000        —          —        $ 0.16        11/10/04        11/9/14 (4)         
    1,312,500        437,500        —        $ 0.70        1/26/09        1/25/19 (5)      —           —        

Gregory Barton

    —          —          —          —          —          —          10/8/12         200,000       $ 1,224,000 (11) 

Amit Muni

    225,000 (6)      75,000        —        $ 1.07        1/16/08        1/15/18 (6)         
    100,000        —          —        $ 2.25        1/28/10        1/27/20 (7)      1/27/11         50,000       $ 306,000 (11) 
    —          150,000        —        $ 5.05        1/27/11        1/26/21 (8)      1/25/12         112,500       $ 688,500 (11) 

Luciano Siracusano

    60,000        —          —        $ 0.03        3/17/04        3/16/14 (3)         
    336,953        —          —        $ 0.16        11/10/04        11/9/14 (5)         
    150,000        50,000        —        $ 0.70        1/26/09        1/25/19 (5)      1/25/12         75,000       $ 459,000 (12) 

Peter Ziemba

    200,000 (9)      200,000        —        $ 1.07        4/23/07        4/22/17 (9)      1/27/11         50,000       $ 306,000 (11) 
    100,000        —          —        $ 2.25        1/28/10        1/27/20 (7)      1/25/12         112,500       $ 688,500 (11) 

Bruce Lavine

    —          150,000        —        $ 0.70        1/26/09        1/25/19 (10)      1/26/09         300,000       $ 1,836,000 (13) 

 

(1) The expiration date for all options is the date that is ten years after the grant date. See “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control” for a description of the acceleration provisions upon termination or change of control.
(2) The market value of such holdings is based on the closing price of $6.12 per share of our common stock as reported on December 30, 2012.
(3) 50% of these options vested at a rate of 25% of the shares of common stock underlying the option each year starting one year from the date of grant, subject to continued employment. The remaining 50% vested upon the Company achieving net income of at least $1.00 in two consecutive quarters.
(4) These options vested 50% on the grant date and 50% one year from the date of grant, subject to continued service as Director.
(5) These options vest at a rate of 25% of the shares of common stock underlying the option each year starting one year from the date of grant, subject to continued employment.
(6) These options vest at a rate of 25% of the shares of common stock underlying the option each year starting one year from date of grant. The exercise price of these options was initially $2.72. On January 26, 2009, our Board of Directors modified these options. As modified, the exercise price of these options is now $1.07 and the new vesting schedule began as of the date of modification. As a result, in addition to the 225,000 options shown in the table above that are currently exercisable at $1.07 under the modified vesting schedule, Mr. Muni has the right to exercise options to purchase an additional 75,000 shares of common stock at $2.72 under the initial vesting schedule. For more information see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Option Restructuring” above.
(7) These options vested 100% on February 15, 2012 and were subject to continued employment.
(8) These options vest at a rate of 25% of the shares of common stock underlying the option each year starting three years from the date of grant, subject to continued employment.
(9) These options vest at a rate of 25% of the shares of common stock underlying the option each year starting one year from date of grant. The exercise price of these options was initially $6.35. On January 26, 2009, our Board of Directors modified these options. As modified, the exercise price of these options is now $1.07 and the new vesting schedule began as of the date of modification. As a result, in addition to the options to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock shown in the table above that are currently exercisable at $1.07 under the modified vesting schedule, Mr. Ziemba has the right to exercise options to purchase an additional 200,000 shares of common stock at $6.35 under the initial vesting schedule. For more information see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Option Restructuring” above.
(10) These options vest 100% on July 31, 2015, subject to continued employment.
(11) These unvested shares of restricted stock vest at a rate of 25% each year starting one year from the date of grant, subject to continued employment. Pursuant to approval by our Compensation Committee, the portion of shares that were originally scheduled to vest in January 2013 instead vested in December 2012.
(12) These unvested shares of restricted stock vest at a rate of 50% each year starting one year from the date of grant, subject to continued employment. Pursuant to approval by our Compensation Committee, the portion of shares that were originally scheduled to vest in 2013 instead vested in December 2012.
(13) These unvested shares of restricted stock vest 50% on July 31, 2013 and 50% on July 31, 2014, subject to continued employment.

 

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Option Exercises and Stock Vested

The following table sets forth, for each named executive officer, the value of all share-based incentive plan awards vested during the year ended December 31, 2012:

Option Exercises and Stock Vested Table for the 2012 Fiscal Year

 

     Option Awards      Stock Awards  

Name

   Number of
Shares
Acquired on
Exercise
     Value
Realized on
Exercise
     Number of
Shares
Acquired on
Vesting
     Value
Realized on
Vesting(1)
 

Jonathan Steinberg

     3,604,292       $ 19,326,925         35,467       $ 222,769   

Gregory Barton

     —           —           —           —     

Amit Muni

     —           —           99,048       $ 620,475   

Luciano Siracusano

     848,306       $ 5,156,016         110,467       $ 690,769   

Peter Ziemba

     400,000       $ 1,991,439         99,048       $ 620,475   

Bruce Lavine

     525,000       $ 2,911,905         171,192       $ 1,087,069   

 

(1) Based on the volume weighted average price per share of our common stock on the date on which restricted stock awards vested and were settled.

Employment Agreements

Gregory Barton

We have entered into an employment agreement with our Chief Operating Officer, Gregory Barton. The agreement is for an indefinite term, and Mr. Barton’s employment is on an “at will” basis. Mr. Barton’s agreement provides for a base salary of $300,000. The agreement entitles Mr. Barton to a guaranteed minimum annual cash bonus of $200,000. The agreement also entitles Mr. Barton to participate in any annual incentive plan established by our Board of Directors or our Compensation Committee and to participate in standard company benefit plans. The agreement also contains employee confidentiality, assignment of inventions and non-solicitation of employee provisions. Mr. Barton is entitled to certain benefits in the event of the involuntary termination of his employment without cause or the voluntary termination of his employment for good reason, prior to December 31, 2014. Upon a termination under these circumstances, we will pay Mr. Barton, in addition to all accrued but unpaid base salary and guaranteed minimum annual cash bonus and any discretionary bonus that has been awarded but not yet paid, a severance amount equal to the sum of one-year’s base salary and guaranteed bonus and a prorated guaranteed minimum bonus for the year in which the termination occurs. Mr. Barton may also elect to have us pay for COBRA insurance coverage for a one-year period following his termination.

Amit Muni

We have entered into an employment agreement with our Chief Financial Officer, Amit Muni. The agreement is for an indefinite term, and Mr. Muni’s employment is on an “at will” basis. Mr. Muni’s agreement provides for a base salary of $300,000, which became effective as of March 17, 2010, an increase from $275,000. The agreement entitles Mr. Muni to a guaranteed minimum annual cash bonus of $200,000. The agreement also entitles Mr. Muni to participate in any annual incentive plan established by our Board of Directors or our Compensation Committee and to participate in standard company benefit plans. The agreement also contains employee confidentiality and assignment of inventions provisions. Mr. Muni is entitled to certain benefits in the event of the involuntary termination of his employment without cause or the voluntary termination of his employment for good reason. Upon a termination under these circumstances, we will pay Mr. Muni, in addition to all accrued but unpaid base salary and guaranteed minimum annual cash bonus and any discretionary bonus that has been awarded but not yet paid, a severance amount equal to the sum of one-year’s base salary and

 

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guaranteed minimum bonus and a prorated guaranteed minimum bonus for the year in which the termination occurs. Mr. Muni may also elect to have us pay for COBRA insurance coverage for a one-year period following his termination.

Peter Ziemba

We have entered into an employment agreement with our Chief Legal Officer, Peter Ziemba. The agreement is for an indefinite term, and Mr. Ziemba’s employment is on an “at will” basis. Mr. Ziemba’s agreement provides for a base salary of $300,000. The agreement entitles Mr. Ziemba to a guaranteed minimum annual cash bonus of $200,000. The agreement also entitles Mr. Ziemba to participate in any annual incentive plan established by our Board of Directors or our Compensation Committee and to participate in standard company benefit plans. The agreement also contains employee confidentiality, assignment of inventions and non-solicitation of employee provisions. Mr. Ziemba is entitled to certain benefits in the event of the involuntary termination of his employment without cause or the voluntary termination of his employment for good reason. Upon a termination under these circumstances, we will pay Mr. Ziemba, in addition to all accrued but unpaid base salary and guaranteed minimum annual cash bonus and any discretionary bonus that has been awarded but not yet paid, a severance amount equal to the sum of one-year’s base salary and guaranteed bonus and a pro rated guaranteed minimum bonus for the year in which the termination occurs. Mr. Ziemba may also elect to have us pay for COBRA insurance coverage for a one-year period following his termination.

Bruce Lavine

On April 24, 2012, in connection with an expected change in status of then President and Chief Operating Officer, Bruce Lavine, we entered into a new employment agreement which became effective on August 1, 2012. The new agreement provides for Mr. Lavine’s continued employment in a full time capacity for a three year term expiring August 1, 2015. The following is a summary of the changes to Mr. Lavine’s compensation arrangements pursuant to the Agreement. Mr. Lavine will continue to be employed in a full time capacity until August 1, 2015. Mr. Lavine’s annual base salary was reduced from the previous annual rate of $300,000 to $25,000. Mr. Lavine will not be entitled to receive bonuses. For Mr. Lavine’s service as President and Chief Operating Officer during the 2012 fiscal year, Mr. Lavine received a prorated bonus of $271,615. 150,000 stock options awarded to Mr. Lavine on January 26, 2009 that were scheduled to vest on January 26, 2014 will now vest on July 31, 2015. 150,000 shares of restricted stock awarded on January 26, 2009 that were scheduled to vest on February 16, 2013 will now vest on July 31, 2013. 150,000 shares of restricted stock awarded on January 26, 2009 that were scheduled to vest on February 16, 2014 will now vest on July 31, 2014.

Prior to April 24, 2012, under the former employment agreement with Mr. Lavine which has now been replaced, Mr. Lavine’s employment had been for an indefinite term and on an “at will” basis. This former agreement provided for a base salary of $300,000 and entitled Mr. Lavine to a guaranteed minimum annual bonus of $200,000. Mr. Lavine, however, was subject to a restrictive covenant that prohibits him from working for a competitor for a one-year period after he gives the Company notice of his voluntary termination of employment or if his employment was terminated for cause. The agreement also entitled Mr. Lavine to participate in any annual incentive plan established by our Board of Directors or our Compensation Committee and to participate in standard company benefit plans. The agreement also contained employee confidentiality and assignment of inventions provisions. Mr. Lavine was entitled to certain benefits in the event of the involuntary termination of his employment without cause or the voluntary termination of his employment for good reason. Upon a termination under these circumstances, we would have paid Mr. Lavine, in addition to all accrued but unpaid base salary and guaranteed minimum annual bonus and any discretionary bonus that has been awarded but not yet paid, a severance amount equal to the sum of one-year’s base salary and guaranteed minimum bonus and a pro rated guaranteed minimum bonus for the year in which the termination occurs, subject to certain adjustments in the event Mr. Lavine had provided notice of his intent to resign. Mr. Lavine could have also elected to have us pay for COBRA insurance coverage for a one-year period following his termination.

 

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Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control

Certain of our named executive officers are entitled to additional compensation in the event of the involuntary termination of their employment without cause, the voluntary termination of their employment for good reason or a change in control. This section is intended to discuss these post-employment payments, assuming the termination from employment or change in control, as the case may be, occurred on December 31, 2012, on the terms currently in effect between the named executive officers and us. Due to the number of factors that affect the nature and amount of any benefits provided upon the events discussed in this section, any actual amounts paid or distributed may be different. Factors that could affect these amounts include the timing during the year of any such event and our stock price. None of our named executive officers are entitled to any compensation in the event of a voluntary termination without good reason or an involuntary termination for cause.

 

     Involuntary
Termination
Without Cause
     Voluntary
Termination
for Good Reason
     Change in
Control
 

Jonathan Steinberg

        

Severance Arrangements

     —           —           —     

Acceleration of Stock Options(2)

     —           —         $ 2,371,250   

Acceleration of Restricted Stock

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     —           —         $ 2,371,250   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gregory Barton

        

Severance Arrangements(1)

   $ 568,340       $ 568,340         —     

Acceleration of Stock Options

     —           —           —     

Acceleration of Restricted Stock(3)

   $ 306,000       $ 306,000       $ 1,224,000   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 1,027,675       $ 1,027,675       $ 1,224,000   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Amit Muni

        

Severance Arrangements(1)

   $ 721,675       $ 721,675         —     

Acceleration of Stock Options(2)

   $ 378,750       $ 378,750       $ 539,250   

Acceleration of Restricted Stock(3)

     —           —         $ 994,500   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 1,100,425       $ 1,100,425       $ 1,533,750   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Luciano Siracusano

        

Severance Arrangements

     —           —           —     

Acceleration of Stock Options(2)

     —           —         $ 271,000   

Acceleration of Restricted Stock(3)

     —           —         $ 459,000   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     —           —         $ 730,000   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Peter Ziemba

        

Severance Arrangements(1)

   $ 721,675       $ 721,675         —     

Acceleration of Stock Options(2)

   $ 1,010,000       $ 1,010,000       $ 1,010,000   

Acceleration of Restricted Stock(3)

     —           —         $ 994,500   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 1,731,675       $ 1,731,675       $ 2,004,500   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Bruce Lavine

        

Severance Arrangements(1)

   $ 37,952       $ 37,952         —     

Acceleration of Stock Options

     —           —           —     

Acceleration of Restricted Stock(3)

   $ 918,000       $ 918,000         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 955,952       $ 955,952         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) As described below, severance payments include an amount equal to the sum of one-year’s base salary and guaranteed bonus as well as the value of COBRA benefits for twelve months. In addition, the severance amount will include a pro-rated portion of the minimum guaranteed bonus for the year in which the termination occurred.

 

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(2) Represents the dollar value of unvested options calculated using the difference between $6.12, the closing price of the Company’s stock as of December 31, 2012, and the option strike price.
(3) Represents the dollar value of restricted stock using $6.12, the closing price of the Company’s stock as of December 31, 2012.

Severance Arrangements

Pursuant to the terms of their employment agreements, each of Messrs. Barton, Muni, Ziemba and Lavine is entitled to certain benefits in the event of the involuntary termination of his employment without cause (as defined in the applicable agreement) or the voluntary termination of his employment for good reason (as defined in the applicable agreement). Under these circumstances, we will pay each of Messrs. Barton, Muni and Ziemba, in addition to all accrued but unpaid base salary, the guaranteed minimum annual cash bonus and any discretionary bonus that has been awarded but not yet paid, an amount equal to the sum of one-year’s base salary and guaranteed minimum annual cash bonus and a pro-rated guaranteed minimum bonus amount for the year in which termination occurred. Mr. Lavine will receive, in addition to all accrued but unpaid base salary, an amount equal to the sum of one-year’s base salary Each of Messrs. Barton, Muni, Ziemba and Lavine may also elect to have us pay for COBRA insurance coverage for a one-year period following his termination, Messrs. Muni and Ziemba would have each received incremental values of $721,675, Mr. Barton $568,340 and Mr. Lavine $37,952 as a result of the provisions of these employment agreements. The amount for Mr. Barton would have been less than the amount that would have been received by Messrs. Muni and Ziemba solely because he would only have received a pro-rated portion of his guaranteed minimum annual cash bonus for 2012 since he commenced his employment on October 8, 2012. Messrs. Steinberg and Siracusano are not party to employment agreements.

Acceleration of Options

Certain of the stock options we have granted to Messrs. Steinberg, Muni, Siracusano, and Ziemba provide that, upon a change of control (as defined in the applicable agreement) each such stock option will fully vest. As a result, assuming the change of control had occurred on December 31, 2012, Messrs. Steinberg, Muni, Siracusano, and Ziemba would have received incremental values of $2,371,250, $539,250, $271,000, and $1,010,000, respectively.

In addition, certain of the stock options we have granted to each of Messrs. Muni and Ziemba provide that in the event of the involuntary termination of his employment without cause (as defined in the applicable agreement) or the voluntary termination of his employment for good reason (as defined in the applicable agreement), the portion of such stock option that would have otherwise vested during the one year period immediately following the date of termination will vest. As a result, assuming the date of termination was on December 31, 2012, Messrs. Muni and Ziemba would have received incremental values of $378,750 and $1,010,000, respectively.

Acceleration of Restricted Stock

Certain of the restricted stock awards we have granted to each of Messrs. Barton, Muni and Ziemba provide that, upon a change of control (as defined in the applicable agreement), the conditions and restrictions on any restricted stock award will be removed. As a result, assuming the change of control had occurred on December 31, 2012, Messrs. Barton, Muni and Ziemba would have received incremental values of $1,224,000, $994,500 and $994,500, respectively.

Certain of the restricted stock awards we have granted to each of Messrs. Barton, Muni , Ziemba and Lavine provide that, upon the involuntary termination of his employment without cause (as defined in the applicable agreement) or the voluntary termination of his employment for good reason (as defined in the applicable agreement), the conditions and restrictions on any restricted stock award that would have been removed within the twelve month period that immediately follows the date of termination will be removed. As a result, assuming such termination occurred on December 31, 2012, Messrs. Barton, Muni, Ziemba and Lavine would have received incremental values of $306,000, $0, $0 and $918,000, respectively.

 

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Compensation of Directors

The Board of Directors has determined that each of our non-employee directors who does not hold his membership on the Board of Directors pursuant to a contractual right granted to investors in one or more of our private placements (see “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance –Board Composition”) is entitled to receive compensation for service as a director. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, four directors were qualified to receive compensation under this program: Messrs. Begleiter, Bossone, Lilien and Salerno. However, in connection with his appointment to our Board of Directors in February 2011, Mr. Begleiter waived his right to receive compensation for three years. Mr. Bossone similarly waived his right to receive compensation for three years in connection with his nomination for re-election to the Board at our Annual Meeting of Stockholders in July 2012. Under this compensation program these qualifying directors receive a grant of equity valued at $300,000 on the date of grant based on the volume weighted average price of our common stock over the 30 trading days immediately prior to the grant date. This award vests over three years on the first three anniversaries of the date of grant.

In addition, each of these directors receives the following annual retainers:

 

   

$30,000 for board service;

 

   

$10,000 additional for service on either the Audit Committee or the Compensation Committee;

 

   

$5,000 additional for service on the Nominating Committee;

 

   

$10,000 additional for chairmanship of either the Audit Committee or the Compensation Committee; and

 

   

$40,000 additional for Independent Lead Director.

All of our directors are reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses for attending meetings. Our directors also participate in the insurance and indemnification arrangements described below.

The following table describes director compensation for non-management directors for the year ended December 31, 2012. Messrs Salerno and Lilien were the only directors to receive compensation in the years ended December 31, 2012. Directors who are also officers of WisdomTree are not entitled to any compensation for their services as a director.

Director Compensation Table for the 2012 Fiscal Year

 

Name

   Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash
     Fair Value Grant
of Restricted Stock
     Total  

Frank Salerno

   $ 110,000         —         $ 110,000   

R. Jarrett Lilien

   $ 55,000         —         $ 55,000   

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification Arrangements

As permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws limit or eliminate the personal liability of our directors. Consequently, a director will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability for:

 

   

any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;

 

   

any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

 

   

any unlawful payments related to dividends or unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions or other distributions; or

 

   

any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

 

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These limitations of liability do not alter director liability under the federal securities laws and do not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as an injunction or rescission.

In addition, our amended and restated by-laws provide that:

 

   

we will indemnify our directors, officers and, in the discretion of our Board of Directors, certain employees to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL; and

 

   

advance expenses, including attorneys’ fees, to our directors and, in the discretion of our Board of Directors, to our officers and certain employees, in connection with legal proceedings, subject to limited exceptions.

We have also entered into indemnification agreements with each of our executive officers and directors. These agreements provide that we will indemnify each of our directors to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL and advance expenses to each indemnitee in connection with any proceeding in which indemnification is available.

We also maintain general liability insurance to provide insurance coverage to our directors and officers for losses arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers, or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

These provisions may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors in the future for any breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors, officers and certain employees pursuant to these indemnification provisions. We believe that these provisions, the indemnification agreements and the insurance are necessary to attract and retain talented and experienced directors and officers.

At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers or employees in which indemnification will be required or permitted. We are not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding that might result in a claim for such indemnification.

 

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock as of February 15, 2013 (except as otherwise indicated in the footnotes) by:

 

   

each person (including any “group” of persons as that term is used in Section 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) we know to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock;

 

   

each of our named executive officers;

 

   

each of our directors; and

 

   

all of our directors and executive officers as a group.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act. Except as otherwise indicated in the footnotes to the following table, we believe, based on the information provided to us,

 

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that the persons named in the following table have sole vesting and investment power with respect to the shares they beneficially own, subject to applicable community property laws. Unless otherwise indicated, based on the information supplied to us by or on behalf of the selling stockholders, no selling stockholder is a broker-dealer or an affiliate of a broker-dealer. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the persons and entities that beneficially own 5% or more of the outstanding shares of common stock is c/o WisdomTree Investments, Inc., 380 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, N.Y. 10017. We have based our calculation of the percentage of beneficial ownership on 125,541,755 shares of our common stock outstanding as of February 15, 2013, including shares of restricted stock issued to our employees but not yet vested.

In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included the shares the person has the right to acquire within 60 days of the date above, including through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right or conversion of any security. The shares that a stockholder has the right to acquire within 60 days, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other stockholder.

 

     Number      Percentage  

Named Executive Officers and Directors

     

Jonathan L. Steinberg(1)

     9,794,749         7.4

Gregory Barton(2)

     207,573         0.2   

Bruce I. Lavine(3)

     513,355         0.4   

Amit Muni(4)

     910,933         0.7   

Luciano Siracusano, III(5)

     911,456         0.7   

Peter M. Ziemba(6)

     1,188,877         0.9   

Michael Steinhardt(7)

     19,808,766         15.4   

Steven L. Begleiter(8)

     73,461         0.1   

Anthony Bossone

     100,000         0.1   

R. Jarrett Lilien(9)

     307,372         0.2   

James D. Robinson, IV(10)

     1,263,789         1.0   

Frank Salerno(11)

     667,336         0.5   

All directors and executive officers as a group (12 persons)(12)

     35,747,307         26.3   

Other 5% or Greater Stockholders

     

BlackRock, Inc.(13)

     7,944,759         6.2   

Horizon Kinetics LLC(14)

     6,846,590         5.4   

Wellington Management Company, LLP(15)

     17,511,449         13.7   

 

(1) Includes (i) 798 shares of common stock owned by Mr. Steinberg’s spouse with whom he may be deemed to share voting power; (ii) 16,889 shares of common stock held in a joint account with Mr. Steinberg’s spouse with whom he shares voting power; (iii) 301,683 shares of restricted stock that do not vest within 60 days of February 15, 2013 and are not transferable by Mr. Steinberg until they vest, but over which he exercises voting control; and (iv) 5,585,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days from February 15, 2013.
(2) Includes 207,573 shares of restricted stock that do not vest within 60 days of February 15, 2013 and are not transferable by Mr. Barton until they vest, but over which he exercises voting power.
(3) Includes 305,432 shares of restricted stock that do not vest within 60 days of February 15, 2013 and are not transferable by Mr. Lavine until they vest, but over which he exercises voting power. Excludes 150,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options that are not exercisable within 60 days of February 15, 2013 and excludes 244,686 shares of common stock held by the 2012 Bruce Lavine Irrevocable Trust for which he does not possess any voting or dispositive power.
(4)

Includes (i) 245,772 shares of common stock held in a joint account with Mr. Muni’s spouse with whom he shares voting and dispositive power; (ii) 198,544 shares of restricted stock that do not vest within 60 days of February 15, 2013 and are not transferable by Mr. Muni until they vest, but over which he exercises voting

 

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  power; and (iii) 400,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days from February 15, 2013. Excludes an aggregate of 150,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options that are not exercisable within 60 days of February 15, 2013.
(5) Includes (i) 159,291 shares of restricted stock that do not vest within 60 days of February 15, 2013 and are not transferable by Mr. Siracusano until they vest, but over which he exercises voting control; and (ii) 596,953 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days from February 15, 2013.
(6) Includes (i) 219,161 shares of restricted stock that do not vest within 60 days of February 15, 2013 and are not transferable by Mr. Ziemba until they vest, but over which he exercises voting control; (ii) 500,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days from February 15, 2013; and (iii) 13,600 shares of common stock owned by Mr. Ziemba’s adult son, over which Mr. Ziemba possesses shared voting and dispositive power.
(7) Includes 835,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days from February 15, 2013. The business address of Mr. Steinhardt is 650 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10022.
(8) Mr. Begleiter serves as a Managing Principal of Flexpoint Ford, LLC, an affiliate of Flexpoint Fund, L.P. However, Mr. Begleiter does not have voting or dispositive power over the 4,000,000 shares of common stock held by Flexpoint Fund, L.P., a private investment fund.
(9) Includes 27,137 shares of restricted stock which are held by Bendigo Ventures, a sole proprietorship over which Mr. Lilien holds voting and dispositive power, that do not vest within 60 days of February 15, 2013 and are not transferable by Bendigo Ventures until they vest, but over which he exercises voting power.
(10) Includes 969,317 shares of common stock held by RRE Ventures III-A, L.P., 81,003 shares of common stock held by RRE Ventures Fund III, L.P., and 44,607 shares of common stock held by RRE Ventures III, L.P. (collectively the “RRE Entities”). The general partner of each of the RRE Entities is RRE Ventures GP III, LLC. The general partners of RRE Ventures GP III, LLC are James D. Robinson III, James D. Robinson IV and Stuart J. Ellman and they share voting and dispositive power over these shares. Mr. Robinson disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by the RRE Entities except to the extent of his pecuniary interest in the shares.
(11) Includes (i) 88,452 shares of common stock held in a joint account with Mr. Salerno’s spouse with whom he shares voting and dispositive power, (ii) 17,321 shares of common stock held by Hillcrest Financial, LLC, a limited liability company of which Mr. Salerno and his spouse are the managing members and with whom Mr. Salerno shares voting and dispositive power, (iii) 27,137 shares of restricted stock that do not vest within 60 days of February 15, 2013 and are not transferable by Mr. Salerno until they vest, but over which he exercises voting power; and (iv) 534,426 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days from February 15, 2013.
(12) Includes an aggregate of 8,451,019 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of February 15, 2013 held by the named executive officers and directors included in this group.
(13)

Information reported pursuant to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on January 30, 2013. Blackrock, Inc. has filed as a parent holding company or control person on behalf of certain subsidiaries, none of which individually own 5% or more of the outstanding common stock. The business address of Blackrock is 40 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10022.

(14)

Information reported pursuant to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on January 25, 2013. The business address of Horizon is 470 Park Avenue South, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016.

(15) Information reported pursuant to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on December 10, 2012. The shares indicated in the table are beneficially owned by Wellington in its capacity as investment advisor and are owned of record by its clients. Wellington, has reported that it shares voting power with respect to 13,480,602 shares and that it shares dispositive power with respect to 17,511,449 shares. The business address of Wellington is 280 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210.

 

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Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2012 regarding securities issued under our equity compensation plans that were in effect during fiscal year 2012.

 

     Number of
Securities to
be Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding
Options,
Warrants and
Rights
     Weighted-Average
Exercise Price  of
Outstanding
Options,
Warrants and
Rights
     Number of
Securities
Remaining
Available for
Future
Issuance
Under Equity
Compensation
Plans
 

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

     5,145,191       $ 1.89         4,305,761   

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

     7,615,000       $ 0.31         631,865   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     12,760,191       $ 0.95         4,937,626   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Since January 1, 2011, there has not been, nor is there currently proposed, any transaction or series of similar transactions to which we were or are to be a party in which the amount involved exceeded or will exceed $120,000 and in which any of our directors or executive officers or holders of more than 5% or more of any class of our capital stock or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons had or will have a direct or material interest other than the transactions described below.

Stockholders Agreement

We are a party to an Amended and Restated Stockholder’s Agreement, dated December 21, 2006, among Michael Steinhardt, the RRE Entities and Jonathan Steinberg among others. Under this agreement, Mr. Steinberg agreed to give Mr. Steinhardt and the RRE Entities a right-of-first refusal to purchase any shares he intends to sell if he were to sell any of his shares in a private transaction.

Procedures for Approval of Related Person Transactions

In accordance with its written charter, our Audit Committee conducts an appropriate review of all related party transactions for potential conflict of interest situations on an ongoing basis, and the approval of our Audit Committee is required for all related party transactions. The term “related person transaction” refers to any transaction required to be disclosed by us pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K (or any successor provision) promulgated by the SEC, except that “related party transactions” do not include compensation or employment arrangements that we disclose in our proxy statement (or, if the related person is an executive officer, that we would disclose if such person was a named executive officer).

Director Independence

See Part III, Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance—“Board Independence” above.

 

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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Audit Fees

The following table sets forth the fees incurred by us for the audit and other services provided by Ernst & Young LLP during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

 

     2012      2011  

Audit Fees(1)

   $ 390       $ 264   

Audit-Related Fees(2)

   $ 40       $ 300   

Tax Fees

     —           —     

All Other Fees

     —           —     

Total Fees

   $ 430       $ 564   

 

(1) Audit fees relate to professional services rendered in connection with the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements, quarterly review of financial statements included in the Company’s statutory and regulatory filings and for services that are normally provided by independent auditors. In 2012 it also includes the audit of our internal control over financial reporting.
(2) Audit-related fees relate to professional services rendered in connection with the public offering of our common stock by certain of our stockholders. In 2011 the services were rendered in connection with the registration of our common stock under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, relating to the listing of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market and the public offering of our common stock by us and certain of our stockholders.

In addition, we incurred fees of $1,629,013 in 2012 and $1,588,168 in 2011 for audit and other services provided by Ernst & Young LLP to the WisdomTree Trust, which issues the WisdomTree ETFs.

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

The Audit Committee pre-approves each audit and non-audit service rendered by Ernst & Young LLP to us, including the fees and terms thereof. The Audit Committee may form and delegate authority to subcommittees of the Audit Committee consisting of one or more members when appropriate, including the authority to grant pre-approvals of audit and permitted non-audit services, provided that decisions of such subcommittee to grant pre-approvals shall be presented to the full Committee at its next scheduled meeting pursuant to the Audit Committee Charter. In accordance with this policy, the Audit Committee pre-approved all Audit and Audit-Related fees described above before services were rendered.

 

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Part IV

 

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS; FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a). The following are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

 

  1. Consolidated Financial Statements: The consolidated financial statements and report of independent registered public accounting firm required by this item are included beginning on page F-1.

 

  2. Financial Statement Schedules: None.

All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or not required, or because the required information is shown either in the consolidated financial statements or in the notes thereto.

(b). Exhibits: The attached list of exhibits in the “Exhibit Index” immediately preceding the exhibits to this annual report is incorporated herein by reference in response to this item.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15(d) Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this amendment to the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

    WISDOMTREE INVESTMENTS, INC.
      By:   /s/    JONATHAN L. STEINBERG        
        Jonathan L. Steinberg

August 7, 2013

      Chief Executive Officer and Director

 

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WISDOMTREE INVESTMENTS, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Consolidated Financial Statements

  

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-2   

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011

     F-4   

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010

     F-5   

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December  31, 2012, 2011 and 2010

     F-6   

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010

     F-7   

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

     F-8   

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 15, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

New York, NY

March 15, 2013

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries

We have audited WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012 based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 of WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries and our report dated March 15, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

New York, NY

March 15, 2013

 

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WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

 

     December 31,  
     2012     2011  

Assets

    

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 41,246      $ 25,630   

Accounts receivable

     9,348        5,625   

Other current assets

     1,273        1,601   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     51,867        32,856   

Fixed assets, net

     480        597   

Investments

     11,036        9,056   

Other noncurrent assets

     42        58   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 63,425      $ 42,567   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

    

Liabilities:

    

Current liabilities:

    

Fund management and administration payable

   $ 6,924      $ 10,035   

Compensation and benefits payable

     2,156        4,168   

Accounts payable and other liabilities

     3,272        2,360   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     12,352        16,563   

Other noncurrent liabilities

     13        151   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     12,365        16,714   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Preferred stock, par value $0.01; 2,000 shares authorized:

     —         —    

Common stock, par value $0.01; 250,000 shares authorized; issued: 126,554 and 116,703; outstanding: 125,272 and 115,392

     1,265        1,167   

Additional paid-in capital

     177,826        163,747   

Accumulated deficit

     (128,031     (139,061
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

     51,060        25,853   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 63,425      $ 42,567   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

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WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012      2011      2010  

Revenues:

        

ETF advisory fees

   $ 84,024       $ 64,366       $ 40,567   

Other income

     774         794         1,045   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenues

     84,798         65,160         41,612   

Expenses:

        

Compensation and benefits

     23,233         19,634         19,193   

Fund management and administration

     23,020         19,882         14,286   

Marketing and advertising

     5,363         4,475         3,721   

Sales and business development

     3,586         3,603         2,730   

Professional and consulting fees

     4,603         4,307         3,779   

Occupancy, communications, and equipment

     1,419         1,127         1,118   

Depreciation and amortization

     307         267         314   

Third-party sharing arrangements

     5,468         5,651         2,296   

Other

     2,976         2,243         1,724   

ETF shareholders proxy

     3,264         —           —     

Litigation, net

     176         150         —     

Exchange listing and offering

     353         729         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total expenses

     73,768         62,068         49,161   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income/(loss) before provision for income taxes

     11,030         3,092         (7,549

Provision for income taxes

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income/(loss)

   $ 11,030       $ 3,092       $ (7,549
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income/(loss) per share—basic

   $ 0.09       $ 0.03       $ (0.07
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income/(loss) per share—diluted

   $ 0.08       $ 0.02       $ (0.07
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted-average common shares—basic

     122,138         114,132         111,981   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted-average common shares—diluted

     137,968         135,539         111,981   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

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WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In Thousands)

 

     Common Stock     Additional
Paid-In
Capital
    Accumulated
Deficit
    Total  
     Shares
Issued
    Par
Value
       

Balance—January 1, 2010

     114,535      $ 1,145      $ 149,487      $ (134,604   $ 16,028   

Restricted stock issued, net

     501        5        (5     —          —     

Exercise of stock options, net

     235        2        (1     —          1   

Stock issued for services

     20        —          29        —          29   

Stock-based compensation

     —          —          8,726        —          8,726   

Net loss

     —          —          —          (7,549     (7,549
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance—December 31, 2010

     115,291        1,152        158,236        (142,153     17,235   

Restricted stock issued, net

     535        5        (5     —          —     

Shares repurchased

     (386     (3     (2,150     —          (2,153

Exercise of stock options, net

     1,243        13        525        —          538   

Stock issued for services

     20        —          127        —          127   

Stock-based compensation

     —          —          7,014        —          7,014   

Net income

     —          —          —          3,092        3,092   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance—December 31, 2011

     116,703        1,167        163,747        (139,061     25,853   

Net proceeds from sale of common stock

     1,000        10        4,319        —          4,329   

Restricted stock issued, net

     1,179        12        (12     —          —     

Shares repurchased

     (357     (4     (2,257     —          (2,261

Exercise of stock options, net

     8,019        80        4,592        —          4,672   

Stock issued for services

     10        —          28        —          28   

Stock-based compensation

     —          —          7,409        —          7,409   

Net income

     —          —          —          11,030        11,030   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance—December 31, 2012

     126,554      $ 1,265      $ 177,826      $ (128,031   $ 51,060   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

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WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In Thousands)

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2011     2010  

Cash flows from operating activities:

      

Net income/(loss)

   $ 11,030      $ 3,092      $ (7,549

Non-cash items included in net income/(loss):

      

Depreciation and amortization and other

     307        267        314   

Stock-based compensation

     7,437        7,141        8,755   

Deferred rent

     (140     (154     (105

Accretion to interest income and other

     194        135        4   

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

      

Accounts receivable

     (3,723     (800     (1,941

Other assets

     337        (950     313   

Fund management and administration payable

     (3,111     4,321        659   

Compensation and benefits payable

     (2,012     530        1,051   

Accounts payable and other liabilities

     915        110        627   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

     11,234        13,692        2,128   

Cash flows from investing activities:

      

Purchase of fixed assets

     (190     (108     (93

Purchase of investments

     (10,004     (8,114     (6,935

Proceeds from the redemption of investments

     7,836        7,542        7,656   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities

     (2,358     (680     628   

Cash flows from financing activities:

      

Net proceeds from sale of common stock

     4,329        —          —     

Shares repurchased

     (2,261     (2,153     —     

Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants

     4,672        538        1   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities

     6,740        (1,615     1   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

     15,616        11,397        2,757   

Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of year

     25,630        14,233        11,476   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents—end of year

   $ 41,246      $ 25,630      $ 14,233   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

      

Cash paid for income taxes

   $ 33      $ 13      $ 11   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Noncash investing and financing activities:

      

Cashless exercise of stock options and warrants

   $ —        $ 391      $ 517   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

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WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)

1. Organization and Description of Business

WisdomTree Investments, Inc. (“WisdomTree” or the “Company”) is a New York-based exchange-traded fund sponsor and asset manager. The Company is the seventh largest sponsor of ETFs in the United States based on assets under management (“AUM”). In June 2006, the Company launched 20 ETFs and, as of December 31, 2012, had 46 ETFs with AUM of $18.3 billion. Through its operating subsidiary, the Company provides investment advisory and other management services to the WisdomTree Trust (“WTT”) and WisdomTree ETFs. The Company also licenses its indexes to third parties and promotes the use of WisdomTree ETFs in 401(k) plans. The Company has the following subsidiaries:

 

   

WisdomTree Asset Management, Inc. (“WTAM”)—a wholly owned subsidiary formed in February 2005, is an investment advisor registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). WTAM provides investment advisory and other management services to WTT and the WisdomTree ETFs. In exchange for providing these services, the Company receives advisory fee revenues based on a percentage of the ETFs average daily net assets under management.

 

   

WisdomTree Retirement Services, Inc. (“WTRS”)—a wholly owned subsidiary formed in August 2007, markets with selected third parties the use of WisdomTree ETFs in 401(k) plans.

The WisdomTree ETFs are issued by WTT. WTT, a non-consolidated third-party, is a Delaware statutory trust registered with the SEC as an open-end management investment company. WTT offers ETFs across international and domestic equities, currency, fixed income and alternatives asset classes. The Company has licensed the use of its own fundamentally-weighted indexes on an exclusive basis to WTT for the WisdomTree ETFs. The Board of WTT, or the Trustees, is separate from the Board of the Company. The Trustees are primarily responsible for overseeing the management and affairs of the WisdomTree ETFs and the Trust for the benefit of the WisdomTree ETF shareholders and has contracted with the Company to provide for general management and administration services of WTT and the WisdomTree ETFs. The Company, in turn, has contracted with third parties to provide the majority of these administration services. In addition, certain officers of the Company provide general management services for WTT.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and in the opinion of management reflect all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries WTAM and WTRS. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain accounts in the prior years’ consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s consolidated financial statements presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported operating results.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet dates and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the periods presented. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

 

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Revenue Recognition

The Company earns investment advisory fees for ETFs and separately managed accounts as well as licensing fees from third parties. ETF advisory fees are based on a percentage of the ETFs average daily net assets and recognized over the period the related service is provided. Fees for separately managed accounts and licensing are based on a percentage of the average monthly net assets and recognized over the period the related service is provided.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation is provided for using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:

 

Equipment

     3 years   

Furniture and fixtures

     7 years   

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the term of their respective leases or service lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization.

Marketing and Advertising

Advertising costs, including media advertising and production costs, are expensed when incurred.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be classified as cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are held with one large financial institution.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are customers’ obligations due under normal trade terms. An allowance for doubtful accounts is not provided since, in the opinion of management, all accounts receivable recorded are deemed collectible.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

On a periodic basis, the Company performs a review for the impairment of long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the assets are less than their carrying amounts or when other events occur which may indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

Earnings/(Loss) per Share

Basic earnings or loss per share is computed by dividing net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential reduction in earnings per share that could occur if options or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. Options and restricted shares to purchase shares of common stock were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share in the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, but not included in the computation of diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2010 , as the Company incurred losses during that year.

 

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Investments

The Company accounts for all of its investments as held-to-maturity, which are recorded at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. For held-to-maturity investments, the Company has the intent and ability to hold investments to maturity and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity.

On a periodic basis, the Company reviews its portfolio of investments for impairment. If a decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the security is written down to its fair value through earnings.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events after the date of the consolidated financial statements to consider whether or not the impact of such events needed to be reflected or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. Such evaluation was performed through the issuance date of the consolidated financial statements.

Stock-Based Awards

Accounting for share-based compensation requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all equity awards based on estimated fair values. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation for its employees based on the cost of employee services received in exchange for a stock-based award. Stock-based compensation is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award and are amortized over the relevant service period.

Stock-based awards granted to non-employees for goods or services are valued at the fair value of the equity instruments issued or the fair value of consideration received, whichever is a more reliable measure of the fair value of the transaction, and recognized when performance obligations are complete.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method, which requires the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial and tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are adjusted by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

In order to recognize and measure any unrecognized tax benefits, management evaluates and determines whether any of its tax positions are more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Once it is determined that a position meets this recognition threshold, the position is measured to determine the amount of benefit to be recognized in the consolidated financial statements. The Company has elected to record interest expense and penalties related to tax expenses as income tax expense.

Related-Party Transactions

The Company’s revenues are derived primarily from investment advisory agreements with WTT and WisdomTree ETFs. Under these agreements, the Company has granted WTT an exclusive license to its own indexes for operation of the WisdomTree ETFs. The Trustees are primarily responsible for overseeing the management and affairs of the WisdomTree ETFs and the Trust for the benefit of the WisdomTree ETF shareholders and has contracted with the Company to provide for general management and administration of WTT and the WisdomTree ETFs. The Company is also responsible for expenses of WTT, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration and accounting, legal, audit, and other non-distribution services. In

 

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exchange, the Company receives fees based on a percentage of the ETF average daily net assets. The advisory agreements may be terminated by WTT upon notice. Certain officers of the Company also provide general management oversight of WTT; however, these officers have no material decision making responsibilities and primarily implement the decisions of the Trustees. At December 31, 2012, and 2011, the balance of accounts receivable from WTT was approximately $8,180 and $5,457, respectively which is included as a component of accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheet. Revenue from advisory services provided to WTT for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was approximately $84,024, $64,366 and $40,567, respectively.

Third-Party Sharing Arrangements

Included in third party sharing arrangements expense are payments (reimbursements) from/(to) the Company with respect to (i) a collaborative arrangement and (ii) marketing agreements with third parties:

Collaborative Arrangement—In 2008, the Company entered into a mutual participation agreement with Mellon Capital Management Corporation (“Mellon Capital”) and The Dreyfus Corporation (“Dreyfus”) in which the parties agreed to collaborate in developing currency and fixed income ETFs under WTT. Under the agreement, the Company is responsible for operating the ETFs and providing sales, marketing and research support at its own cost. Mellon Capital and Dreyfus are responsible for providing sub-advisory, fund administration and accounting services for these collaborative ETFs at their own cost. Any revenues less third party costs, such as marketing, legal, accounting or fund management, related to these collaborative products are shared equally, including any losses (“net profit/(loss)”). The Company is responsible for arranging any third party costs related to this collaborative arrangement.

In October 2012, the parties agreed to end this joint venture as of December 31, 2012 and entered into a new fee arrangement effective January 1, 2013.

The Company has determined it is the principal participant for transactions under this collaborative arrangement and as such, records these transactions on a gross basis reflecting all of the revenues and third party expenses on its consolidated financial statements in accordance with the nature of the revenue or expense. Any net profit/(loss) payments are reflected in Third-Party Sharing Arrangements expense on the consolidated financial statements.

Revenues and expenses under this collaborative arrangement included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements are as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012      2011      2010  

ETF advisory fee revenue

   $ 10,968       $ 12,596       $ 6,578   

Expenses:

        

Fund management and administration

     1,341         1,712         1,057   

Marketing and advertising

     39         406         809   

Sales and business development

     24         159         196   

Other

     —          1         4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Third party expenses

     1,404         2,278         2,066   

Net profit

     9,564         10,318         4,512   

Sharing

   $ 4,662       $ 5,114       $ 2,256   

Marketing agreements—In 2010, the Company entered into agreements with certain firms to serve as the external marketing agents for the WisdomTree ETFs. Under these agreements, the Company will pay a percentage of their advisory fee revenue, subject to caps, to the marketing agents based on incremental growth in assets under management. The Company incurred marketing fees of $806, $537 and $40 for the year ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 respectively.

 

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Segment, Geographic and Customer Information

The Company operates as one business segment, as an ETF sponsor and asset manager providing investment advisory services. Revenues are derived in the U.S. and all of the Company’s assets are located in the U.S.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2011, FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04 “Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”).” ASU No. 2011-04 includes common requirements for measurement of and disclosure about fair value between U.S. GAAP and IFRS. ASU No. 2011-04 requires reporting entities to disclose the following information for fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy: quantitative information about the unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement, the valuation processes used by the reporting entity and a narrative description of the sensitivity of the fair value measurement to changes in unobservable inputs and the interrelationships between those unobservable inputs. In addition, ASU No. 2011-04 requires reporting entities to make disclosures about amounts and reasons for all transfers in and out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. This standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

3. Investments and Fair Value Measurements

The following table is a summary of the Company’s investments:

 

     2012      2011  
     Held-to-
Maturity
     Held-to-
Maturity
 

Federal agency debt instruments

   $ 11,036       $ 9,056   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table summarizes unrealized gains, losses, and fair value of investments:

 

     2012     2011  
     Held-to-
Maturity
    Held-to-
Maturity
 

Cost/amortized cost

   $ 11,036      $ 9,056   

Gross unrealized gains

     61        53   

Gross unrealized losses

     (157     (112
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fair value

   $ 10,940      $ 8,997   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following table sets forth the maturity profile of investments:

 

     2012      2011  
     Held-to-
Maturity
     Held-to-
Maturity
 

Due within one year

   $ —        $ —    

Due one year through five years

     —          250   

Due five years through ten years

     727         1,134   

Due over ten years

     10,309         7,672   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 11,036       $ 9,056   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Fair Value Measurement

Under the accounting for fair value measurements and disclosures, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, or the exit price, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance establishes a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions.

These three types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3—Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.

This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The Company’s held-to-maturity securities are categorized as Level 1. The amortized cost of the held-to-maturity securities approximates fair value. The Company does not intend to sell its investments held-to maturity before the recovery of their amortized cost bases which may be at maturity.

Some of our financial instruments are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis but are recorded at amounts that approximate fair value due to their liquid or short-term nature. Such financial assets and financial liabilities are categorized as Level 3.

4. Fixed Assets

The following table summarizes fixed assets:

 

     December 31,  
     2012     2011  

Equipment

   $ 786      $ 669   

Furniture and fixtures

     308        244   

Leasehold improvements

     1,062        1,053   

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

     (1,676     (1,369
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   $ 480      $ 597   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

5. Commitments and Contingencies

Contractual Obligations

The Company has entered into obligations under operating leases with initial non-cancelable terms in excess of one year for office space, telephone, and data services. Expenses recorded under these agreements for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 were approximately $1,338, $1,046 and $1,015, respectively.

 

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Future minimum lease payments with respect to non-cancelable operating leases at December 31, 2012 are approximately as follows:

 

2013

   $ 1,391   

2014

     162   

2015

     31   

2016 and thereafter

     3   
  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 1,587   
  

 

 

 

The Company’s office lease expires in January 2014. The Company has begun the search for new office space.

Letter of Credit

The Company collateralizes its office lease space through a standby letter of credit held as an investment in debt securities, which was included in investments on the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2011 in the amount of $700. Pursuant to the terms of the lease agreement in 2012, the Company decreased its standby letter of credit to $419 and replaced its investments in debt securities with cash.

Contingencies

The Company is subject to various routine regulatory reviews and inspections by the SEC as well as legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company is not currently party to any litigation or other legal proceedings that are expected to have a material impact on our business, financial position or results of operations.

On December 1, 2011, Research Affiliates, LLC filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, (Research Affiliates, LLC v. WisdomTree Investments, Inc., et. al., Case No. SACV11-01846 DOC (ANx)), naming the Company and our subsidiaries, as well as WisdomTree Trust, Mellon Capital Management Corporation and ALPS Distributors, Inc., as defendants. In the complaint, plaintiff alleged that the fundamentally weighted investment methodology we employ for the ETFs using our indexes infringed three of plaintiff’s patents and sought both unspecified monetary damages to be determined and an injunction to prevent further infringement.

On November 7, 2012, Research Affiliates, LLC agreed to withdraw its patent infringement suit against the Company and the Company agreed to withdraw its counterclaims and entered into a settlement agreement. Under the settlement, all parties exchanged releases for all existing claims. The other material terms of the settlement are as follows:

 

   

Research Affiliates agreed not to sue the Company for any future claims arising under any current patents held by Research Affiliates, as well as any future patents relating to fundamentally-weighted indexes and strategies that may issue under existing or future patent applications that may be filed by Research Affiliates within the next eight years, subject to reduction by up to three years if Research Affiliates is acquired. The covenant not to sue extends to the Company’s service providers and customers in connection with its products and services.

 

   

The Company has agreed not to sue Research Affiliates for any future claims arising under any current patents held the Company, as well as any future patents relating to fundamentally-weighted indexes and strategies that may issue under existing or future patent applications that may be filed by the Company within the next eight years, subject to reduction by up to three years if the Company is acquired. The covenant not to sue extends to service providers and customers of Research Affiliates in connection with Research Affiliates’ products and services.

 

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Table of Contents
   

Research Affiliates and the Company agreed that the covenants not to sue do not include a right under each party’s patents to copy the other party’s methodologies. Research Affiliates and the Company have further agreed that it is not copying if Research Affiliates introduces an index or strategy that uses at least three fundamental factors to weight its indexes and they are not predominantly dividend- or earnings weighted, or the Company introduces an index or strategy that is weighted by less than three fundamental factors.

 

   

The parties also agreed not to challenge the other party’s patents or patent applications.

 

   

Research Affiliates agreed to a one-time payment of $0.7 million to WisdomTree. WisdomTree and the other defendants were not required to make any current or future payments to Research Affiliates.

All other terms of the settlement are confidential.

The Company’s insurance carrier funded a significant majority of the cost of defending this patent infringement lawsuit. During 2012, the Company incurred $3.4 million of legal defense and other associated costs and its insurance carrier has agreed to reimburse $2.5 million. In addition the Company received $0.7 million settlement payment from Research Affiliates leading to a net amount of $0.2 million in net costs the Company incurred for the year ended December 31, 2012. During 2011 the Company incurred $0.2 million in litigation expenses.

6. Stock-Based Awards

Stock Options

The Company grants stock options to employees, certain directors and non-employee consultants and special advisors for services. The Company has six stock option plans, which are similar in nature (collectively, referred to as the “Plans”). Under the Plans, the Company can issue a maximum of 25,000,000 shares of Common Stock pursuant to stock options and other stock-based awards and also has issued from time to time stock-based awards outside the Plans.

Options are issued generally for terms of ten years and vest between two to four years. Options are issued with an exercise price equal to the fair value of the Company on the date of grant. Options expire on dates ranging from March 16, 2014, to November 15, 2021.

In January 2009, the Company’s Compensation Committee and Board of the Directors approved a proposal to provide eligible employees an opportunity to exercise their underwater stock options in the future at an alternative lower strike price. To obtain the full benefit of the alternative strike price, employees are required to remain with the Company for an additional 4 years. Under the program, eligible employees could exercise one quarter of their stock options each year at an alternative strike price of $1.07. The alternative strike price represented a 50% premium to the Company’s thirty day volume weighted-average price on the day the program was approved. Options prices on the programs approval date ranged from $1.75 to $9.45 with a weighted-average exercise price of $4.34. The Company is recording a charge of $589 over four years which represents the excess of the fair value of eligible options using the alternative strike price over the existing strike price. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company recorded $118, $138 and $140, respectively, for this program.

 

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Table of Contents

A summary of option activity is as follows:

 

     Options     Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
 

Outstanding January 1, 2010

     21,372,959      $ 0.57   

Granted

     860,000        2.38   

Forfeitures or expirations

     (336,868     2.77   

Exercised

     (452,474     1.15   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2010

     21,443,617        0.60   

Granted

     825,000        5.80   

Forfeitures or expirations

     (135,316     2.04   

Exercised

     (1,280,687     0.64   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2011

     20,852,614        0.79   

Granted

     —         0.00   

Forfeitures or expirations

     (73,907     1.75   

Exercised

     (8,018,516     0.58   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2012

     12,760,191      $ 0.95   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

In 2012, all of the 1,320,833 outstanding options awards granted to nonemployee consultants and special advisors were exercised with a weighted average exercise price of $1.34. There are no remaining option awards outstanding to non-employees at December 31, 2012. In 2011, 77,500 options were exercised with a weighted average exercise price of $2.38. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, 1,320,833 and 1,398,333 option awards granted to nonemployee consultants and special advisors are included in the table of option activity. These options had a weighted exercise price of $1.34 and $1.40, respectively.

The following table summarizes information on stock options outstanding at December 31, 2012:

 

     Options Outstanding      Options Exercisable  
Range of Exercise Prices    Number
Outstanding at
December 31,
2012
     Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life in Years
     Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
     Number
Exercisable at
December 31,
2012
     Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
     Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value at
December 31,
2012
 

$0.03 – $0.45

     5,901,953         1.5       $ 0.09         5,901,953       $ 0.09       $ 35,573   

$0.70 – $0.97

     2,542,500         6.1         0.70         1,773,750         0.70         9,614   

$1.07 – $1.80

     2,267,439         4.0         1.07         1,474,609         1.07         7,445   

$2.03 – $4.03

     1,258,299         5.3         2.22         1,163,299         2.18         4,587   

$5.05 – $5.26

     470,000         8.1         5.07         12,500         5.26         11   

$6.36 – $6.82

     200,000         8.5         6.52         50,000         6.52         —    

$7.01 – $8.51

     120,000         8.7         7.48         30,000         7.48         —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     12,760,191         3.7       $ 0.95         10,406,111       $ 0.63       $ 57,230   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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The Company estimated the fair value for options using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. The Company did not grant options in 2012. The following assumptions were used in the option pricing model for 2011 and 2010:

The estimated weighted-average fair value for options granted in 2011 and 2010 was $3.31 and $2.38, respectively.

 

     2011    2010

Expected life (years)

   5.0    5.0

Risk free interest rate

   0.84% to 2.32%    1.13% to 2.54%

Dividends

     

Volatility

   67.00% to 70.62%    71.13% to 76.55%

The Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $1,436, $2,402 and $3,824 for options awarded to employees and directors for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

The amount of unrecognized stock-based compensation relating to stock options grants as of December 31, 2012 is $1,382 and the weighted-average remaining vesting period is approximately 2.93 years.

The Company did not recognize stock-based compensation expense for option awards to nonemployee consultants and special advisors for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

The Company grants restricted stock to employees, and certain directors. All restricted stock awards require future service as a condition of delivery of the underlying shares of common stock along with certain other requirements outlined in the award agreements. Restricted stock awards generally vest over one to four years.

From time-to-time, the Company also grants restricted and common stock to nonemployee consultants and special advisors for services. In general, theses awards vest over the contractual period of the consulting arrangement. The fair value of these awards is measured at the grant dated fair value and re-measured at each reporting period. Fair value is determined as the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

The following table summarizes information about restricted shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010:

 

     Restricted
Stock Awards
 

Unvested balance at January 1, 2010

     4,430,123   

Granted

     554,011   

Vested

     (2,772,125

Forfeited

     (53,500
  

 

 

 

Unvested balance at December 31, 2010

     2,158,509   

Granted

     561,526   

Vested

     (1,382,376

Forfeited

     (26,288
  

 

 

 

Unvested balance at December 31, 2011

     1,311,371   

Granted

     1,209,114   

Vested

     (1,209,121

Forfeited

     (30,220
  

 

 

 

Unvested balance at December 31, 2012

     1,281,144   
  

 

 

 

 

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As of December 31, 2012 all awards of restricted stock have vested for nonemployee consultants and special advisors. There are no remaining unvested restricted shares to non-employees or special advisors at December 31, 2012. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, 312,500 and 750,000 shares of unvested restricted stock for awards granted to nonemployee consultants and special advisors are included in the above.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $3,814, $2,041 and $2,921 for restricted stock awards to employees and directors for the year ended 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The amount of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for employee restricted share grants as of December 31, 2012, is approximately $5,565 and the weighted-average remaining vesting period is approximately 2.47 years.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense in the amount of $2,187, $2,698 and $2,010, for restricted stock awards to nonemployee consultants and special advisors for the years ended 2012, 2011 and 2010, which is included in professional and consulting fees and other expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

Warrants

The Company has no warrants outstanding.

7. Employee Benefit Plans

The Company has a 401(k) savings plan covering all eligible employees in which the Company can make discretionary contributions from its profits. The Company has not made any discretionary contributions for years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

8. Earnings Per Share

The following is a reconciliation of the basic and diluted earnings per share computation:

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2012      2011      2010  
     (shares in thousands)  

Net income/(loss)

   $ 11,030       $ 3,092       $ (7,549
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Shares of common stock and common stock equivalents:

        

Weighted averages shares used in basic computation

     122,138         114,132         111,981   

Dilutive effect of stock options and unvested restricted stock

     15,830         21,407         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted averages shares used in dilutive computation

     137,968         135,539         111,981   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Basic earnings/(loss) per share

   $ 0.09       $ 0.03       $ (0.07

Dilutive earnings/(loss) per share

   $ 0.08       $ 0.02       $ (0.07

Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential reduction in earnings per share that could occur if options or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock under the treasury stock method. The dilutive effect of options and restricted shares to purchase shares of common stock were included in the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, but not included in the computation of diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2010 , as the Company incurred losses during that year.

 

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Table of Contents

9. Income Taxes

The components of current and deferred income tax expense included in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as determined in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), are as follows:

 

Current:

  

Federal

   $ —     

State and local

     —     
  

 

 

 
     —     
  

 

 

 

Deferred:

  

Federal

     —     

State and local

     —     
  

 

 

 
     —     
  

 

 

 

Income tax expense from operations

   $ —     
  

 

 

 

The Company has recorded its non-income based taxes as part of other liabilities and other expenses.

At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company had total net operating losses carry forwards of $136,515 and $106,939, respectively. Due to an ownership change on November 10, 2004, this carry forward includes a Section 382 (of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code) limited net operating loss of approximately $14,049 at December 31, 2012, which expires at various dates through 2024, and the annual utilization of which is limited to $524 in future years. In 2012, $3,487 of these losses have been deemed to be worthless and written off. The NOLs before the writeoff will expire as follows:

 

Year Ending December 31:

  

2018

   $ 5,819   

2019

     5,101   

2021

     579   

2023

     608   

2024

     1,942   
  

 

 

 
   $ 14,049   
  

 

 

 

The Company has determined that a second Section 382 change in ownership occurred on November 12, 2012. Accordingly, the NOLs incurred between the two ownership changes (detailed below) are also subject to an annual limit as currently estimated of $58,888. Approximately $4,300 of the 2012 losses are allocable to the post change period and therefore not subject to limitation.

 

Year Ending December 31:

  

2024

   $ 388   

2025

     3,239   

2026

     15,560   

2027

     24,655   

2028

     19,754   

2029

     14,218   

2030

     6,385   

2031

     6,052   

2032

     32,215   
  

 

 

 
   $ 122,466   
  

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the composition of the deferred tax asset is summarized as follows by applying a 45.22% and 45.13% tax rate to the deferred tax items:

 

     December 31,  
     2012     2011  

Deferred tax assets:

    

Net operating losses

   $ 37,571      $ 39,977   

Stock-based compensation

     6,471        8,998   

Fixed assets

     286        236   

Deferred rent liability

     68        132   

Other

     82        79   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred tax assets

     44,478        49,422   

Less: valuation allowance

     (44,478     (49,422
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net deferred tax assets

   $ —       $ —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

$49,946 of the available NOLs (total NOLs excluding those written off) has been generated from excess stock compensation deductions that cannot be recognized under ASC 718. Accordingly, a deferred tax asset related to this amount has not been set up.

At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the deferred tax asset has been offset by a valuation allowance of $44,478 and $49,422 respectively.

A reconciliation between the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% and the Company’s effective rate is as follows:

 

       December 31,  
       2012     2011     2010  

Federal statutory rate

       35.00     35.00     (35.00 %) 

Permanent differences

       (119.37 %)      (105.65 %)      2.02

State income tax rate, net of federal benefit

       9.44     21.28     (0.33 %) 

(Decrease)/increase in valuation allowance

       (44.82 %)      (89.25 %)      5.59

Worthless Net Operating Losses per Section 382

       0.00     0.00     32.89

Change in effective rate

       0.00     0.00     7.85

NOL adjustment

       119.74     138.22     0.00

Other differences, net

       0.01     0.40     (13.02 %) 
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effective rate

       0.00     0.00     0.00
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2012, the Company determined that it has no uncertain tax positions, interest or penalties as defined within ASC 740-10. The Company does not have unrecognized tax benefits. The Company does not believe that it is reasonably possible that the total unrecognized benefits will significantly increase within the next 12 months. The Company is not currently under audit by any taxing authority. Tax returns filed with each jurisdiction remain open to examination under the normal three-year statute of limitations.

10. Shares Repurchased

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company repurchased 357,123 shares of its Company stock for an aggregate price of $2,261. The shares repurchased related to the vesting of restricted common stock granted to employees.

 

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Table of Contents

11. Public Offerings

In February 2012, the Company completed a public offering of its common stock at $5.61 per share. The Company sold 1,000,000 shares and certain of our stockholders sold 15,516,587 shares. Proceeds to the Company, less commissions and other direct selling expenses were approximately $4,329 and were used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. In November 2012, the Company completed a second public offering of its common stock where certain of our existing stockholders sold 27,795,630 shares at $6.10 per share. The Company did not sell any stock in the second offering and did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of its common stock by the selling stockholders. The Company incurred $353 in expenses in 2012 related to the second offering.

12. ETF Shareholder Proxy Solicitation

In 2012, the Company completed its solicitation from the WisdomTree ETF shareholders to obtain approval for the Company to continue as investment advisor for the WisdomTree ETFs if the Company’s largest stockholder, Michael Steinhardt, who beneficially owned 25.5% of the Company’s common stock prior to the second public offering discussed above in Note 11 were to sell or otherwise transfer shares of the Company’s common stock resulting in his beneficial ownership falling below 25%. The Investment Company Act presumes a change in control of the Company if Mr. Steinhardt’s ownership fell below the 25% threshold, which would trigger an automatic termination of the Company’s investment advisory agreements with the WisdomTree Trust and require approval of the WisdomTree ETF shareholders to continue the agreements. No further shareholder approval was required when Mr. Steinhardt’s ownership fell below 25%. In addition, the Company received approval from the WisdomTree ETF shareholders to allow the Company to change sub-advisors in the future. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company incurred proxy related expense of $3,264.

 

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Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit
Number

 

Description

    3.1(1)   Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
    3.2(1)   Amended and Restated Bylaws
    4.1(1)   Specimen Common Stock Certificate
    4.2(1)   Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement among Registrant and certain investors dated December 21, 2006
    4.3(1)   Securities Purchase Agreement among Registrant and certain investors dated December 21, 2006
    4.4(1)   Securities Purchase Agreement among Registrant and certain investors dated October 15, 2009
    4.5(1)   Third Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated October 15, 2009
  10.1(1)   Representative Form of Advisory Agreement between WisdomTree Asset Management, Inc. and WisdomTree Trust
  10.2(2)   Amended and Restated License Agreement between WisdomTree Investments, Inc. and WisdomTree Trust dated March 1, 2012
  10.4(1)   WisdomTree Investments, Inc. 1993 Stock Option Plan
  10.5(1)   WisdomTree Investments, Inc. 1996 Performance Equity Plan
  10.6(1)   WisdomTree Investments, Inc. 1996 Management Incentive Plan
  10.7(1)   WisdomTree Investments, Inc. 2000 Performance Equity Plan
  10.8(1)   WisdomTree Investments, Inc. 2001 Performance Equity Plan
  10.9(1)   WisdomTree Investments, Inc. 2005 Performance Equity Plan
  10.10(1)   Amendment to WisdomTree Investments, Inc. 2005 Performance Equity Plan approved by stockholder on August 20, 2007
  10.11(1)   Amendment to WisdomTree Investments, Inc. 2005 Performance Equity Plan approved by stockholder on August 23, 2010
  10.12(1)   Form of Restricted Stock Agreement (Multiple Year Vesting) for Executive Officers
  10.13(1)   Form of Restricted Stock Agreement (Single Year Vesting) for Executive Officers
  10.14(1)   Form of Stock Option Agreement for Executive Officers
  10.15(1)   Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Independent Directors
  10.16(1)   Form of Stock Option Agreement for Independent Directors
  10.17(1)   Form of Amendment dated January 26, 2009 to Existing Option Agreements between Registrant and Employees
  10.19(1)   Stock Option Agreement between Registrant and Jonathan Steinberg dated March 17, 2004
  10.20(1)   Amendment dated November 10, 2004 to Stock Option Agreements between Registrant and Jonathan Steinberg dated January 3, 2001, April 3, 2002 and March 17, 2004
  10.21(1)   Stock Option Agreement between Registrant and Jonathan Steinberg dated November 10, 2004
  10.24(1)   Stock Option Agreement between Registrant and Luciano Siracusano dated March 17, 2004
  10.26(1)   Stock Option Agreement between Registrant and Luciano Siracusano dated November 10, 2004
  10.27(1)   Stock Option Agreement between Registrant and Luciano Siracusano dated January 26, 2009
  10.28(1)   Amendment dated March 30, 2011 to Stock Option Agreements between Registrant and Luciano Siracusano dated January 26, 2009
  10.29(1)   Stock Option Agreement between Registrant and Michael Steinhardt dated November 10, 2004
  10.30(1)   Stock Option Agreement between Registrant and Frank Salerno dated July 22, 2005
  10.31.1(3)   Further Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between WisdomTree Asset Management, Inc. and Bruce Lavine dated as of April 24, 2012


Table of Contents

Exhibit
Number

 

Description

  10.32(1)   Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between WisdomTree Asset Management, Inc. and Peter M. Ziemba dated as of May 24, 2011
  10.33(1)   Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between WisdomTree Asset Management, Inc. and Amit Muni dated as of May 24, 2011
  10.34(1)   Form of Proprietary Rights and Confidentiality Agreement
  10.35(1)   Form of Indemnification Agreement for Officers and Directors
  10.36(4)   Employment Agreement between WisdomTree Asset Management, Inc. and Gregory Barton dated as of October 8, 2012
  21.1(5)   Subsidiaries of WisdomTree Investments, Inc.
  23.1(6)   Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm.
  31.1(6)   Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certifications
  31.2(6)   Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certifications
  32.1(5)   Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS(5)*   XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH(5)*   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL(5)*   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF(5)*   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB(5)*   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE(5)*   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

 

(1) Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed with the SEC on March 31, 2011.
(2) Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 14, 2012.
(3) Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 26, 2012.
(4) Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 10, 2012.
(5) Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2013
(6) Filed herewith.
 * Pursuant to Rule 406T, the interactive data files in Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Section 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ,and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.