Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


FORM 10-Q

 


 

x

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2012

OR

 

¨

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From                 to                 

Commission File Number: 0-14278

 


MICROSOFT CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Washington   91-1144442

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

One Microsoft Way, Redmond, Washington   98052-6399
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

(425) 882-8080

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

None

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer x

  

Accelerated filer ¨

Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

  

Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 

Class    Outstanding at April 17, 2012  


Common Stock, $0.00000625 par value per share

     8,400,866,103 shares   

 



Table of Contents

MICROSOFT CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2012

INDEX

 

                 Page  

PART I.

  FINANCIAL INFORMATION        
    Item 1.   Financial Statements        
        a)    Income Statements for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2012 and 2011     3   
        b)    Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2012 and June 30, 2011     4   
        c)    Cash Flows Statements for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2012 and 2011     5   
        d)    Stockholders’ Equity Statements for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2012 and 2011     6   
        e)    Notes to Financial Statements     7   
        f)    Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm     28   
    Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations     29   
    Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk     45   
    Item 4.   Controls and Procedures     46   

PART II.

  OTHER INFORMATION        
    Item 1.   Legal Proceedings     46   
    Item 1A.   Risk Factors     46   
    Item 2.   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds     52   
    Item 6.   Exhibits     53   

SIGNATURE

    54   

 

2


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INCOME STATEMENTS

 

(In millions, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Nine Months Ended
March 31,
 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Revenue

   $   17,407      $   16,428      $   55,664      $   52,576   

Operating expenses:

                                

Cost of revenue

     3,952        3,897        13,367        11,869   

Research and development

     2,517        2,269        7,217        6,650   

Sales and marketing

     3,414        3,393        10,076        10,024   

General and administrative

     1,150        1,160        3,433        3,043   


 


 


 


Total operating expenses

     11,033        10,719        34,093        31,586   


 


 


 


Operating income

     6,374        5,709        21,571        20,990   

Other income (expense)

     (11     316        337        762   


 


 


 


Income before income taxes

     6,363        6,025        21,908        21,752   

Provision for income taxes

     1,255        793        4,438        4,476   


 


 


 


Net income

   $ 5,108      $ 5,232      $ 17,470      $ 17,276   
    


 


 


 


Earnings per share:

                                

Basic

   $ 0.61      $ 0.62      $ 2.08      $ 2.03   

Diluted

   $ 0.60      $ 0.61      $ 2.05      $ 2.01   

Weighted average shares outstanding:

                                

Basic

     8,401        8,420        8,398        8,511   

Diluted

     8,498        8,510        8,502        8,609   

Cash dividends declared per common share

   $ 0.20      $ 0.16      $ 0.60      $ 0.48   


See accompanying notes.

 

3


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

BALANCE SHEETS

 

(In millions) (Unaudited)             


March 31,

2012

  

  

   
 
June 30,
2011
  
(1) 

Assets

                

Current assets:

                

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 6,388      $ 9,610   

Short-term investments (including securities loaned of $1,181 and $1,181)

     53,141        43,162   


 


Total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments

     59,529        52,772   

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $322 and $333

     10,961        14,987   

Inventories

     1,412        1,372   

Deferred income taxes

     2,350        2,467   

Other

     2,608        3,320   


 


Total current assets

     76,860        74,918   

Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $10,952 and $9,829

     8,225        8,162   

Equity and other investments

     9,068        10,865   

Goodwill

     19,698        12,581   

Intangible assets, net

     2,756        744   

Other long-term assets

     1,403        1,434   


 


Total assets

   $   118,010      $   108,704   
    


 


Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

                

Current liabilities:

                

Accounts payable

   $ 3,790      $ 4,197   

Accrued compensation

     3,272        3,575   

Income taxes

     958        580   

Short-term unearned revenue

     13,929        15,722   

Securities lending payable

     1,210        1,208   

Other

     3,011        3,492   


 


Total current liabilities

     26,170        28,774   

Long-term debt

     11,938        11,921   

Long-term unearned revenue

     1,262        1,398   

Deferred income taxes

     1,456        1,456   

Other long-term liabilities

     8,525        8,072   


 


Total liabilities

     49,351        51,621   


 


Commitments and contingencies

                

Stockholders’ equity:

                

Common stock and paid-in capital—shares authorized 24,000; outstanding 8,400 and 8,376

     65,273        63,415   

Retained earnings (deficit), including accumulated other comprehensive income of $1,332 and $1,863

     3,386        (6,332


 


Total stockholders’ equity

     68,659        57,083   


 


Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 118,010      $ 108,704   
    


 


 

(1)

Derived from audited financial statements.

See accompanying notes.

 

4


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

CASH FLOWS STATEMENTS

 

(In millions) (Unaudited)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Operations

                                

Net income

   $   5,108      $   5,232      $   17,470      $   17,276   

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operations:

                                

Depreciation, amortization, and other

     766        720        2,170        2,077   

Stock-based compensation expense

     591        541        1,724        1,622   

Net recognized losses (gains) on investments and derivatives

     68        (122     (74     (377

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation

     (10     (5     (84     (14

Deferred income taxes

     (134     (59     282        (324

Deferral of unearned revenue

     8,142        6,616        21,825        19,331   

Recognition of unearned revenue

     (8,283     (7,026     (23,993     (21,189

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

                                

Accounts receivable

     2,770        3,031        3,851        3,435   

Inventories

     (50     (170     (79     (258

Other current assets

     73        (618     938        (487

Other long-term assets

     9        (8     (36     172   

Accounts payable

     (114     (51     (380     (235

Other current liabilities

     492        237        (107     (1,174

Other long-term liabilities

     166        354        442        1,197   


 


 


 


Net cash from operations

     9,594        8,672        23,949        21,052   


 


 


 


Financing

                                

Short-term debt repayments, maturities of 90 days or less, net

     0        0        0        (186

Proceeds from issuance of debt, maturities longer than 90 days

     0        2,239        0        6,960   

Repayments of debt, maturities longer than 90 days

     0        0        0        (814

Common stock issued

     1,091        1,405        1,635        2,242   

Common stock repurchased

     (1,023     (848     (3,999     (10,299

Common stock cash dividends paid

     (1,683     (1,349     (4,707     (3,830

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation

     10        5        84        14   

Other

     0        (15     0        (40


 


 


 


Net cash from (used in) financing

     (1,605     1,437        (6,987     (5,953


 


 


 


Investing

                                

Additions to property and equipment

     (749     (658     (1,683     (1,713

Acquisition of companies, net of cash acquired, and purchases of intangible and other assets

     (84     0        (9,586     (69

Purchases of investments

     (23,951     (14,394     (45,297     (27,707

Maturities of investments

     4,236        2,286        13,122        4,992   

Sales of investments

     7,946        5,738        23,317        9,768   

Securities lending payable

     361        (111     3        1,063   


 


 


 


Net cash used in investing

     (12,241     (7,139     (20,124     (13,666


 


 


 


Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

     30        28        (60     83   


 


 


 


Net change in cash and cash equivalents

     (4,222     2,998        (3,222     1,516   

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

       10,610        4,023        9,610        5,505   


 


 


 


Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

   $ 6,388      $ 7,021      $ 6,388      $ 7,021   
    


 


 


 


See accompanying notes.

 

5


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY STATEMENTS

 

(In millions) (Unaudited)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Common stock and paid-in capital

                                

Balance, beginning of period

   $   63,902      $   61,646      $   63,415      $   62,856   

Common stock issued

     1,091        1,405        1,635        2,242   

Common stock repurchased

     (262     (240     (1,426     (3,220

Stock-based compensation expense

     591        541        1,724        1,622   

Stock-based compensation income tax deficiencies

     (50     (118     (79     (266

Other, net

     1        0        4        0   


 


 


 


Balance, end of period

     65,273        63,234        65,273        63,234   


 


 


 


Retained earnings (deficit)

                                

Balance, beginning of period

     219        (13,165     (6,332     (16,681

Net income

     5,108        5,232        17,470        17,276   

Other comprehensive income:

                                

Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives

     (44     (70     192        (656

Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments

     474        83        (551     1,099   

Translation adjustments and other

     76        99        (172     311   


 


 


 


Comprehensive income

     5,614        5,344        16,939        18,030   

Common stock cash dividends

     (1,686     (1,353     (5,046     (4,052

Common stock repurchased

     (761     (608     (2,175     (7,079


 


 


 


Balance, end of period

     3,386        (9,782     3,386        (9,782


 


 


 


Total stockholders’ equity

   $ 68,659      $ 53,452      $ 68,659      $ 53,452   
    


 


 


 


See accompanying notes.

 

6


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1    ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Accounting Principles

In the opinion of management, the accompanying balance sheets and related interim statements of income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring items, necessary for their fair presentation in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with information included in the Microsoft Corporation 2011 Form 10-K filed on July 28, 2011 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Principles of Consolidation

The financial statements include the accounts of Microsoft Corporation and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Equity investments through which we exercise significant influence over but do not control the investee and are not the primary beneficiary of the investee’s activities are accounted for using the equity method. Investments through which we are not able to exercise significant influence over the investee and which do not have readily determinable fair values are accounted for under the cost method.

Estimates and Assumptions

Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Examples include: estimates of loss contingencies, product warranties, product life cycles, product returns, and stock-based compensation forfeiture rates; assumptions such as the elements comprising a software arrangement, including the distinction between upgrades/enhancements and new products; when technological feasibility is achieved for our products; the potential outcome of future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns; estimating the fair value and/or potential goodwill impairment for our reporting units; and determining when investment impairments are other-than-temporary. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

On July 1, 2011, we adopted guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) on disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements. The guidance requires the disclosure of roll-forward activities on purchases, sales, issuance, and settlements of the assets and liabilities measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair value measurements). Adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

On January 1, 2012, we adopted guidance issued by the FASB on accounting and disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements. The guidance limits the highest-and-best-use measure to nonfinancial assets, permits certain financial assets and liabilities with offsetting positions in market or counterparty credit risks to be measured at a net basis, and provides guidance on the applicability of premiums and discounts. Additionally, the guidance expands the disclosures on Level 3 inputs by requiring quantitative disclosure of the unobservable inputs and assumptions, as well as description of the valuation processes and the sensitivity of the fair value to changes in unobservable inputs. Adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted

In December 2011, the FASB issued guidance enhancing disclosure requirements about the nature of an entity’s right to offset and related arrangements associated with its financial instruments and derivative instruments. The new guidance requires the disclosure of the gross amounts subject to rights of set-off, amounts offset in accordance with the accounting standards followed, and the related net exposure. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning July 1, 2013. Other than requiring additional disclosures, we do not anticipate material impacts on our financial statements upon adoption.

In September 2011, the FASB issued guidance on testing goodwill for impairment. The new guidance provides an entity the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a

 

7


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If an entity determines that this is the case, it is required to perform the currently prescribed two-step goodwill impairment test to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized for that reporting unit (if any). If an entity determines that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, the two-step goodwill impairment test is not required. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning July 1, 2012.

In June 2011, the FASB issued guidance on presentation of comprehensive income. The new guidance eliminates the current option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. Instead, an entity will be required to present either a continuous statement of net income and other comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. This portion of the guidance will be effective for us beginning July 1, 2012 and will require financial statement presentation changes only. The new guidance also required entities to present reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component in both the statement in which net income is presented and the statement in which other comprehensive income is presented. However, in December 2011, the FASB issued guidance which indefinitely defers the guidance related to the presentation of reclassification adjustments.

NOTE 2    EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options, stock awards, and shared performance stock awards. The components of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:

 

(In millions, except earnings per share)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Net income available for common shareholders (A)

   $   5,108      $   5,232      $   17,470      $   17,276   

Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock (B)

     8,401        8,420        8,398        8,511   

Dilutive effect of stock-based awards

     97        90        104        98   


 


 


 


Common stock and common stock equivalents (C)

     8,498        8,510        8,502        8,609   
    


 


 


 


Earnings Per Share:

                                

Basic (A/B)

   $ 0.61      $ 0.62      $ 2.08      $ 2.03   

Diluted (A/C)

   $ 0.60      $ 0.61      $ 2.05      $ 2.01   


We excluded the following shares underlying stock-based awards from the calculations of diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

 

(In millions)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

    

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

 


     2012      2011      2012      2011  

Shares excluded from calculations of diluted EPS

     0         18         1         22   


The decrease in anti-dilutive shares from the comparable period was due to the decrease in employee stock options outstanding and higher average share prices.

In June 2010, we issued $1.25 billion of zero-coupon debt securities that are convertible into shares of our common stock if certain conditions are met. As of March 31, 2012, none of these securities had met price or other conditions that would make them eligible for issuance and therefore were excluded from the calculation of both the basic and diluted EPS. See Note 11 – Debt for additional information.

 

8


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

NOTE 3    OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)

The components of other income (expense) were as follows:

 

(In millions)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Dividends and interest income

   $   180      $   216      $   573      $   631   

Interest expense

     (95     (84     (284     (201

Net recognized gains on investments

     34        187        352        339   

Net gains (losses) on derivatives

     (102     (65     (278     38   

Net gains (losses) on foreign currency remeasurements

     (8     55        (52     (14

Other

     (20     7        26        (31


 


 


 


Total

   $ (11   $ 316      $ 337      $ 762   
    


 


 


 


Following are details of net recognized gains on investments during the periods reported:

 

(In millions)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Other-than-temporary impairments of investments

   $   (82   $ (15   $ (234   $ (42

Realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities

     232        244        1,075        559   

Realized losses from sales of available-for-sale securities

     (116     (42     (489     (178


 


 


 


Total

   $ 34      $   187      $   352      $   339   
    


 


 


 


NOTE 4    INVESTMENTS

Investment Components

The components of investments, including associated derivatives, were as follows:

 

(In millions)    Cost Basis    

Unrealized

Gains

   

Unrealized

Losses

   

Recorded

Basis

   

Cash

and Cash

Equivalents

   

Short-term

Investments

   

Equity

and Other

Investments

 


March 31, 2012                                           

Cash

   $ 2,080      $ 0      $ 0      $ 2,080      $ 2,080      $ 0      $ 0   

Mutual funds

     667        0        0        667        667        0        0   

Commercial paper

     329        0        0        329        29        300        0   

Certificates of deposit

     715        0        0        715        222        493        0   

U.S. government and agency securities

     43,803        118        (19     43,902        965        42,937        0   

Foreign government bonds

     992        19        (21     990        0        990        0   

Mortgage-backed securities

     1,757        106        (2     1,861        0        1,861        0   

Corporate notes and bonds

     8,377        218        (9     8,586        2,425        6,161        0   

Municipal securities

     350        46        (1     395        0        395        0   

Common and preferred stock

     6,579        1,724        (195     8,108        0        0        8,108   

Other investments

     964        0        0        964        0        4        960   


 


 


 


 


 


 


Total

   $   66,613      $   2,231      $   (247   $   68,597      $   6,388      $   53,141      $   9,068   
    


 


 


 


 


 


 


 

9


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

(In millions)    Cost Basis    

Unrealized

Gains

    Unrealized
Losses
    Recorded
Basis
    Cash
and Cash
Equivalents
    Short-term
Investments
    Equity
and Other
Investments
 


June 30, 2011                                           

Cash

   $ 1,648      $ 0      $ 0      $ 1,648      $ 1,648      $ 0      $ 0   

Mutual funds

     1,752        0        0        1,752        1,752        0        0   

Commercial paper

     639        0        0        639        414        225        0   

Certificates of deposit

     598        0        0        598        372        226        0   

U.S. government and agency securities

     33,607        162        (7     33,762        2,049        31,713        0   

Foreign government bonds

     658        11        (2     667        0        667        0   

Mortgage-backed securities

     2,307        121        (4     2,424        0        2,424        0   

Corporate notes and bonds

     10,575        260        (11     10,824        3,375        7,449        0   

Municipal securities

     441        15        (2     454        0        454        0   

Common and preferred stock

     7,925        2,483        (193     10,215        0        0        10,215   

Other investments

     654        0        0        654        0        4        650   


 


 


 


 


 


 


Total

   $   60,804      $   3,052      $   (219   $   63,637      $   9,610      $   43,162      $   10,865   
    


 


 


 


 


 


 


Unrealized Losses on Investments

Investments with continuous unrealized losses for less than 12 months and 12 months or greater and their related fair values were as follows:

 

     Less than 12 Months     12 Months or Greater          

Total

Unrealized

Losses

 
    


 


         
(In millions)    Fair Value     Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value     Unrealized
Losses
    Total
Fair Value
   


March 31, 2012                                     

U.S. government and agency securities

   $ 992      $ (19   $ 0      $ 0      $ 992      $ (19

Foreign government bonds

     328        (21     0        0        328        (21

Mortgage-backed securities

     0        0        51        (2     51        (2

Corporate notes and bonds

     582        (8     23        (1     605        (9

Municipal securities

     37        (1     0        0        37        (1

Common and preferred stock

     1,572        (172     140        (23     1,712        (195


 


 


 


 


 


Total

   $   3,511      $   (221   $   214      $   (26   $   3,725      $   (247
    


 


 


 


 


 


 

     Less than 12 Months     12 Months or Greater          

Total

Unrealized

Losses

 
    


 


         
(In millions)    Fair Value     Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value     Unrealized
Losses
    Total
Fair Value
   


June 30, 2011                                     

U.S. government and agency securities

   $ 484      $ (7   $ 0      $ 0      $ 484      $ (7

Foreign government bonds

     365        (2     0        0        365        (2

Mortgage-backed securities

     63        (3     14        (1     77        (4

Corporate notes and bonds

     750        (10     25        (1     775        (11

Municipal securities

     79        (2     0        0        79        (2

Common and preferred stock

     1,377        (146     206        (47     1,583        (193


 


 


 


 


 


Total

   $   3,118      $   (170   $   245      $   (49   $   3,363      $   (219
    


 


 


 


 


 


Unrealized losses from fixed-income securities are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates. Unrealized losses from domestic and international equities are due to market price movements. Management does not believe any remaining unrealized losses represent other-than-temporary impairments based on our evaluation of available evidence as of March 31, 2012.

 

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At March 31, 2012 and June 30, 2011, the recorded bases of common and preferred stock and other investments that are restricted for more than one year or are not publicly traded were $444 million and $334 million, respectively. These investments are carried at cost and are reviewed quarterly for indicators of other-than-temporary impairment. It is not possible for us to reliably estimate the fair value of these investments.

Debt Investment Maturities

 

(In millions)    Cost Basis    

Estimated

Fair Value

 


March 31, 2012             

Due in one year or less

   $ 22,282      $ 22,335   

Due after one year through five years

     28,547        28,661   

Due after five years through 10 years

     3,139        3,289   

Due after 10 years

     2,355        2,493   


 


Total

   $   56,323      $   56,778   
    


 


NOTE 5    DERIVATIVES

We use derivative instruments to: manage risks related to foreign currencies, equity prices, interest rates, and credit; to enhance investment returns; and to facilitate portfolio diversification. Our objectives for holding derivatives include reducing, eliminating, and efficiently managing the economic impact of these exposures as effectively as possible. Our derivative programs include strategies that both qualify and do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. All notional amounts presented below are measured in U.S. currency equivalents.

Foreign Currency

Certain forecasted transactions, assets, and liabilities are exposed to foreign currency risk. We monitor our foreign currency exposures daily to maximize the economic effectiveness of our foreign currency hedge positions. Option and forward contracts are used to hedge a portion of forecasted international revenue for up to three years in the future and are designated as cash flow hedging instruments. Principal currencies hedged include the euro, Japanese yen, British pound, and Canadian dollar. As of March 31, 2012 and June 30, 2011, the total notional amounts of these foreign exchange contracts sold were $7.8 billion and $10.6 billion, respectively.

Foreign currency risks related to certain non-U.S. dollar denominated securities are hedged using foreign exchange forward contracts that are designated as fair value hedging instruments. As of March 31, 2012 and June 30, 2011, the total notional amounts of these foreign exchange contracts sold were $543 million and $572 million, respectively.

Certain options and forwards not designated as hedging instruments are also used to manage the variability in exchange rates on accounts receivable, cash, and intercompany positions, and to manage other foreign currency exposures. As of March 31, 2012, the total notional amounts of these foreign exchange contracts purchased and sold were $3.1 billion and $3.9 billion, respectively. As of June 30, 2011, the total notional amounts of these foreign exchange contracts purchased and sold were $4.3 billion and $7.1 billion, respectively.

Equity

Securities held in our equity and other investments portfolio are subject to market price risk. Market price risk is managed relative to broad-based global and domestic equity indices using certain convertible preferred investments, options, futures, and swap contracts not designated as hedging instruments. From time to time, to hedge our price risk, we may use and designate equity derivatives as hedging instruments, including puts, calls, swaps, and forwards. As of March 31, 2012, the total notional amounts of designated and non-designated equity contracts purchased and sold were $1.2 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively. As of June 30, 2011, the total notional amounts of designated and non-designated equity contracts purchased and sold were $1.1 billion and $860 million, respectively.

 

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Interest Rate

Securities held in our fixed-income portfolio are subject to different interest rate risks based on their maturities. We manage the average maturity of our fixed-income portfolio to achieve economic returns that correlate to certain broad-based fixed-income indices using exchange-traded option and futures contracts and over-the-counter swap and option contracts, none of which are designated as hedging instruments. As of March 31, 2012, the total notional amounts of fixed-interest rate contracts purchased and sold were $2.6 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively. As of June 30, 2011, the total notional amounts of fixed-interest rate contracts purchased and sold were $2.3 billion and $697 million, respectively.

In addition, we use “To Be Announced” forward purchase commitments of mortgage-backed assets to gain exposure to agency mortgage-backed securities. These meet the definition of a derivative instrument in cases where physical delivery of the assets is not taken at the earliest available delivery date. As of March 31, 2012 and June 30, 2011, the total notional derivative amount of mortgage contracts purchased were $1.1 billion and $868 million, respectively.

Credit

Our fixed-income portfolio is diversified and consists primarily of investment-grade securities. We use credit default swap contracts, not designated as hedging instruments, to manage credit exposures relative to broad-based indices and to facilitate portfolio diversification. We use credit default swaps as they are a low-cost method of managing exposure to individual credit risks or groups of credit risks. As of March 31, 2012, the total notional amounts of credit contracts purchased and sold were $260 million and $323 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2011, the total notional amounts of credit contracts purchased and sold were $532 million and $281 million, respectively.

Commodity

We use broad-based commodity exposures to enhance portfolio returns and to facilitate portfolio diversification. We use swap, futures and option contracts, not designated as hedging instruments, to generate and manage exposures to broad-based commodity indices. We use derivatives on commodities as they can be low-cost alternatives to the purchase and storage of a variety of commodities, including, but not limited to, precious metals, energy, and grain. As of March 31, 2012, the total notional amounts of commodity contracts purchased and sold were $1.5 billion and $440 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2011, the total notional amounts of commodity contracts purchased and sold were $1.9 billion and $502 million, respectively.

Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features

Certain of our counterparty agreements for derivative instruments contain provisions that require our issued and outstanding long-term unsecured debt to maintain an investment grade credit rating and require us to maintain a minimum liquidity of $1.0 billion. To the extent we fail to meet these requirements, we will be required to post collateral, similar to the standard convention related to over-the-counter derivatives. As of March 31, 2012, our long-term unsecured debt rating was AAA, and cash investments were in excess of $1.0 billion. As a result, no collateral was required to be posted.

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments

Derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities and are measured at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation.

For derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges, the gain (loss) is recognized in earnings in the period of change together with the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged items attributed to the risk being hedged. For options designated as fair-value hedges, changes in the time value are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and are recognized in earnings.

For derivative instruments designated as cash-flow hedges, the effective portion of the derivative’s gain (loss) is initially reported as a component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and is subsequently recognized in earnings when the hedged exposure is recognized in earnings. For options designated as cash-flow hedges, changes in the time value are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and are recognized in earnings. Gains (losses) on derivatives representing either hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness or hedge ineffectiveness are recognized in earnings.

For derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges, gains (losses) from changes in fair values are primarily recognized in other income (expense). Other than those derivatives entered into for investment purposes, such as

 

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commodity contracts, the gains (losses) are generally economically offset by unrealized gains (losses) in the underlying available-for-sale securities, which are recorded as a component of OCI until the securities are sold or other-than-temporarily impaired, at which time the amounts are moved from OCI into other income (expense).

The following tables present the gross fair values of derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments (“designated hedge derivatives”) and not designated as hedging instruments (“non-designated hedge derivatives”). The fair values exclude the impact of netting derivative assets and liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists and fair value adjustments related to our own credit risk and counterparty credit risk:

 

(In millions)   

Foreign

Exchange

Contracts

   

Equity

Contracts

   

Interest

Rate

Contracts

   

Credit

Contracts

   

Commodity

Contracts

   

Total

Derivatives

 


March 31, 2012                                     

Assets

                                                

Non-designated hedge derivatives:

                                                

Short-term investments

   $ 20      $   149      $   16      $ 19      $ 1      $ 205   

Other current assets

     42        0        0        0        0        42   


 


 


 


 


 


Total

   $ 62      $ 149      $ 16      $ 19      $ 1      $ 247   

Designated hedge derivatives:

                                                

Short-term investments

   $ 4      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 4   

Other current assets

     136        0        0        0        0        136   


 


 


 


 


 


Total

   $ 140      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 140   
    


 


 


 


 


 


Total assets

   $   202      $ 149      $ 16      $ 19      $ 1      $   387   
    


 


 


 


 


 


Liabilities

                                                

Non-designated hedge derivatives:

                                                

Other current liabilities

   $ (39   $ (14   $ (3   $ (13   $ (1   $ (70

Designated hedge derivatives:

                                                

Other current liabilities

   $ (16   $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ (16


 


 


 


 


 


Total liabilities

   $ (55   $ (14   $ (3   $   (13   $   (1   $ (86
    


 


 


 


 


 


 

(In millions)   

Foreign

Exchange

Contracts

   

Equity

Contracts

   

Interest

Rate

Contracts

   

Credit

Contracts

   

Commodity

Contracts

   

Total

Derivatives

 


June 30, 2011                                     

Assets

                                                

Non-designated hedge derivatives:

                                                

Short-term investments

   $ 14      $ 179      $ 0      $ 17      $ 4      $ 214   

Other current assets

     73        0        0        0        0        73   


 


 


 


 


 


Total

   $ 87      $ 179      $ 0      $ 17      $ 4      $ 287   

Designated hedge derivatives:

                                                

Short-term investments

   $ 6      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 6   

Other current assets

     123        0        0        0        0        123   


 


 


 


 


 


Total

   $ 129      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 129   
    


 


 


 


 


 


Total assets

   $ 216      $   179      $ 0      $ 17      $ 4      $ 416   
    


 


 


 


 


 


Liabilities

                                                

Non-designated hedge derivatives:

                                                

Other current liabilities

   $ (91   $ (12   $ (9   $ (19   $ (4   $ (135

Designated hedge derivatives:

                                                

Other current liabilities

   $ (128   $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ (128


 


 


 


 


 


Total liabilities

   $   (219   $ (12   $   (9   $   (19   $   (4   $   (263
    


 


 


 


 


 


 

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See also Note 4—Investments and Note 6—Fair Value Measurements.

Fair-Value Hedge Gains (Losses)

We recognized in other income the following gains (losses) on contracts designated as fair value hedges and their related hedged items:

 

(In millions)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Foreign Exchange Contracts

                                

Derivatives

   $     (12   $     (28   $ 36      $     (78

Hedged items

     11        26            (37     74   


 


 


 


Total

   $ (1   $ (2   $ (1   $ (4
    


 


 


 


Cash Flow Hedge Gains (Losses)

We recognized the following gains (losses) on foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges (our only cash flow hedges during the periods presented):

 

(In millions)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Effective Portion

                                

Gain (loss) recognized in OCI, net of tax effect of $(28) and $(48) for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, and $74 and $(315) for the nine months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011

   $ (52   $ (90   $ 138      $ (587

Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into revenue

     (12     (30     (82     109   

Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Assessment and Ineffective Portion

                                

Loss recognized in other income (expense)

       (107       (123       (172       (226


We estimate that $46 million of net derivative gains included in OCI at March 31, 2012 will be reclassified into earnings within the following 12 months. No significant amounts of gains (losses) were reclassified from OCI into earnings as a result of forecasted transactions that failed to occur during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2012.

Non-Designated Derivative Gains (Losses)

Gains (losses) from changes in fair values of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are primarily recognized in other income (expense). These amounts are shown in the table below, with the exception of gains (losses) on derivatives presented in income statement line items other than other income (expense), which were immaterial for the periods presented. Other than those derivatives entered into for investment purposes, such as commodity contracts, the gains (losses) below are generally economically offset by unrealized gains (losses) in the underlying available-for-sale securities.

 

(In millions)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Foreign exchange contracts

   $     (44   $ 51      $ (109   $ (34

Equity contracts

     5        8        (63     39   

Interest-rate contracts

     21        8        79        20   

Credit contracts

     (6     (3     (13     25   

Commodity contracts

     (1     48        (89     206   


 


 


 


Total

   $ (25   $    112      $   (195   $    256   
    


 


 


 


 

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NOTE 6    FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

We account for certain assets and liabilities at fair value. The hierarchy below lists three levels of fair value based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. We categorize each of our fair value measurements in one of these three levels based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are:

 

   

Level 1—inputs are based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets. Our Level 1 non-derivative investments primarily include U.S. treasuries, domestic and international equities, and actively traded mutual funds. Our Level 1 derivative assets and liabilities include those actively traded on exchanges.

 

   

Level 2—inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques (e.g. the Black-Scholes model) for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs including interest rate curves, foreign exchange rates, and forward and spot prices for currencies and commodities. Our Level 2 non-derivative investments consist primarily of corporate notes and bonds, mortgage-backed securities, agency securities, certificates of deposit, and commercial paper. Our Level 2 derivative assets and liabilities primarily include certain over-the-counter option and swap contracts.

 

   

Level 3—inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based techniques, including option pricing models and discounted cash flow models. Our Level 3 non-derivative assets primarily comprise investments in certain corporate bonds. We value these corporate bonds using internally developed valuation models, inputs to which include interest rate curves, credit spreads, stock prices, and volatilities. Unobservable inputs used in these models are significant to the fair values of the investments. Our Level 3 derivative assets and liabilities primarily comprise derivatives for foreign equities. In certain cases, market-based observable inputs are not available and we use management judgment to develop assumptions to determine fair value for these derivatives.

We measure certain assets, including our cost and equity method investments, at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when they are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. The fair values of these investments are determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available, and may include quoted market prices, market comparables, and discounted cash flow projections. An impairment charge is recorded when the cost of the investment exceeds its fair value and this condition is determined to be other-than-temporary.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present the fair value of our financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 

(In millions)    Level 1     Level 2     Level 3    

Gross Fair

Value

    Netting(a)     Net Fair
Value
 


March 31, 2012                                     

Assets

                                                

Mutual funds

   $ 667       $ 0       $ 0       $ 667       $ 0      $ 667   

Commercial paper

     0        329        0        329        0        329   

Certificates of deposit

     0        715        0        715        0        715   

U.S. government and agency securities

     37,226        6,666        0        43,892        0        43,892   

Foreign government bonds

     10        979        0        989        0        989   

Mortgage-backed securities

     0        1,865        0        1,865        0        1,865   

Corporate notes and bonds

     0        8,418        9        8,427        0        8,427   

Municipal securities

     0        395        0        395        0        395   

Common and preferred stock

     7,603        56        5        7,664        0        7,664   

Derivatives

     12        375        0        387        (78     309   


 


 


 


 


 


Total

   $   45,518      $   19,798      $   14      $   65,330      $   (78   $   65,252   
    


 


 


 


 


 


Liabilities

                                                

Derivatives and other

   $ 4      $ 82      $ 0      $ 86      $ (76   $ 10   


 

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Item 1

 

(In millions)    Level 1     Level 2     Level 3    

Gross Fair

Value

    Netting(a)     Net Fair
Value
 


June 30, 2011                                     

Assets

                                                

Mutual funds

   $ 1,752       $ 0       $ 0       $ 1,752       $ 0      $ 1,752   

Commercial paper

     0        639        0        639        0        639   

Certificates of deposit

     0        598        0        598        0        598   

U.S. government and agency securities

     23,591        10,175        0        33,766        0        33,766   

Foreign government bonds

     303        367        0        670        0        670   

Mortgage-backed securities

     0        2,428        0        2,428        0        2,428   

Corporate notes and bonds

     0        10,600        58        10,658        0        10,658   

Municipal securities

     0        454        0        454        0        454   

Common and preferred stock

     9,821        55        5        9,881        0        9,881   

Derivatives

     8        388        20        416        (204     212   


 


 


 


 


 


Total

   $   35,475      $   25,704      $   83      $   61,262      $   (204   $   61,058   
    


 


 


 


 


 


Liabilities

                                                

Derivatives and other

   $ 109      $ 257      $ 0      $ 366      $ (203   $ 163   


 

(a)

These amounts represent the impact of netting derivative assets and derivative liabilities when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists and fair value adjustments related to our own credit risk and counterparty credit risk.

The following table reconciles the total Net Fair Value of assets above to the balance sheet presentation of these same assets in Note 4 – Investments.

 

(In millions)             


    

March 31,

2012

   

June 30,

2011

 

Net fair value of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis

   $   65,252      $   61,058   

Cash

     2,080        1,648   

Common and preferred stock measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

     444        334   

Other investments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

     960        650   

Less derivative assets classified as other current assets

     (140     (54

Other

     1        1   


 


Recorded basis of investment components

   $ 68,597      $ 63,637   
    


 


Changes in Financial Instruments Measured at Level 3 Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present the changes during the periods presented in our Level 3 financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The majority of these instruments consist of investment securities classified as available-for-sale with changes in fair value included in OCI.

 

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(In millions)    Corporate
Notes and
Bonds
    Common
and
Preferred
Stock
    Derivative
Assets
    Total  


Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2012                         

Balance as of June 30, 2011

   $   58      $   5      $   20      $     83   

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

                                

Included in other income (expense)

     0        0        (2     (2

Included in other comprehensive income

     (21     0        0        (21


 


 


 


Balance as of September 30, 2011

   $ 37      $ 5      $ 18      $ 60   

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

                                

Included in other income (expense)

     0        0        (3     (3

Included in other comprehensive income

     0        0        0        0   

Conversions of Level 3 instruments to Level 1 instruments

     (28     0        (15     (43


 


 


 


Balance as of December 31, 2011

   $ 9      $ 5      $ 0      $ 14   

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

                                

Included in other income (expense)

     0        0        0        0   

Included in other comprehensive income

     0        0        0        0   


 


 


 


Balance as of March 31, 2012

   $ 9      $ 5      $ 0      $ 14   
    


 


 


 


Change in unrealized gains (losses) included in other income (expense) for the three months ended March 31, 2012 related to assets held as of March 31, 2012

   $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0   

Change in unrealized gains (losses) included in other income (expense) for the nine months ended March 31, 2012 related to assets held as of March 31, 2012

   $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0   


 

(In millions)    Corporate
Notes and
Bonds
    Common
and
Preferred
Stock
    Derivative
Assets
    Total  


Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2011                         

Balance as of June 30, 2010

   $   167      $   5      $ 9      $   181   

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

                                

Included in other income (expense)

     2        0        7        9   

Included in other comprehensive income

     (2     0        0        (2


 


 


 


Balance as of September 30, 2010

   $ 167      $ 5      $   16      $ 188   

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

                                

Included in other income (expense)

     2        0        (1     1   

Included in other comprehensive income

     2        0        0        2   


 


 


 


Balance as of December 31, 2010

   $ 171      $ 5      $ 15      $ 191   

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

                                

Included in other income (expense)

     34        0        (1     33   

Included in other comprehensive income

     (55     0        0        (55

Purchases, issuances and settlements

     (85     0        0        (85


 


 


 


Balance as of March 31, 2011

   $ 65      $ 5      $ 14      $ 84   
    


 


 


 


Change in unrealized gains (losses) included in other income (expense) for the three months ended March 31, 2011 related to assets held as of March 31, 2011

   $ 1      $ 0      $ (1   $ 0   

Change in unrealized gains (losses) included in other income (expense) for the nine months ended March 31, 2011 related to assets held as of March 31, 2011

   $ 5      $ 0      $ 5      $ 10   


 

17


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, we did not record any other-than-temporary impairments on those financial assets required to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

NOTE 7    INVENTORIES

The components of inventories were as follows:

 

(In millions)             


      
 
March 31,
2012
  
  
   
 
June 30,
2011
  
  

Raw materials

   $ 233      $ 232   

Work in process

     73        56   

Finished goods

     1,106        1,084   


 


Total

   $   1,412      $   1,372   
    


 


NOTE 8    BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

On October 13, 2011, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Skype Global S.á r.l. (“Skype”), a leading global provider of software applications and related Internet communications products based in Luxembourg, for $8.6 billion primarily in cash. Our purchase price allocations are preliminary and subject to revision as more detailed analyses are completed and additional information about fair value of assets and liabilities becomes available, including additional information relating to tax matters and finalization of our valuation of identified intangible assets. The major classes of assets and liabilities to which we preliminarily allocated the purchase price were: goodwill of $7.1 billion; identifiable intangible assets of $1.6 billion with a weighted average estimated useful life of 13 years, primarily marketing-related (trade name) and technology-based intangibles with estimated useful lives of 15 years and 5 years, respectively; and unearned revenue of $222 million. The goodwill recognized in connection with the acquisition is primarily attributable to our expectation of extending Skype’s brand and the reach of its networked platform, while enhancing Microsoft’s existing portfolio of real-time communications products and services. We preliminarily assigned the goodwill to the following segments: $4.2 billion to Entertainment and Devices Division, $2.8 billion to Microsoft Business Division, and $54 million to Online Services Division. Skype was consolidated into our results of operations starting October 13, 2011, the acquisition date.

During the first nine months of fiscal year 2012, we completed an additional three acquisitions for total consideration of $83 million, substantially all of which was paid in cash.

Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effects of the business combinations described in this Note, individually and in aggregate, were not material to our consolidated results of operations.

NOTE 9    GOODWILL

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

 

(In millions)    Balance as of
December 31,
2011
    Acquisitions     Other     Balance as of
March 31,
2012
 


Windows & Windows Live Division

   $ 89      $ 0      $ 0      $ 89   

Server and Tools

     1,144        0        0        1,144   

Online Services Division

     6,427        0        (11     6,416   

Microsoft Business Division

     6,927        0        36        6,963   

Entertainment and Devices Division

     5,083        0        3        5,086   


 


 


 


Total

   $   19,670      $     0      $      28      $   19,698   
    


 


 


 


 

18


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

(In millions)   

Balance as of

June 30,

2011

    Acquisitions     Other     Balance as of
March 31,
2012
 


Windows & Windows Live Division

   $ 89      $ 0      $ 0      $ 89   

Server and Tools

     1,139        7        (2     1,144   

Online Services Division

     6,373        54        (11     6,416   

Microsoft Business Division

     4,167        2,843        (47     6,963   

Entertainment and Devices Division

     813        4,272        1        5,086   


 


 


 


Total

   $   12,581      $   7,176      $     (59   $   19,698   
    


 


 


 


We do not expect any of the amounts recorded as goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes. The measurement period for purchase price allocations ends as soon as information on the facts and circumstances becomes available, but will not exceed 12 months. Adjustments in the purchase price allocation may require a recasting of the amounts allocated to goodwill retroactive to the period in which the acquisition occurred. Any change in the goodwill amounts resulting from foreign currency translations are presented as “other” in the above table. Also included within “other” are business dispositions and transfers between business segments due to reorganizations, as applicable.

NOTE 10    INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The components of intangible assets, all of which are finite-lived, were as follows:

 

(In millions)    Gross
Carrying
Amount
    Accumulated
Amortization
    Net
Carrying
Amount
    Gross
Carrying
Amount
    Accumulated
Amortization
    Net
Carrying
Amount
 


March 31,

2012

  

  

   

 

June 30,

2011

  

  

Technology-based(a)

   $ 3,011      $ (2,058   $ 953      $ 2,356      $ (1,831   $ 525   

Marketing-related

     1,331        (119     1,212        113        (98     15   

Contract-based

     1,421        (1,002     419        1,068        (966     102   

Customer-related

     425        (253     172        326        (224     102   


 


 


 


 


 


Total

   $   6,188      $   (3,432   $   2,756      $   3,863      $   (3,119   $   744   
    


 


 


 


 


 


 

(a)

Technology-based intangible assets included $137 million and $179 million as of March 31, 2012 and June 30, 2011, respectively, of net carrying amount of software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed.

Intangible assets amortization expense was $142 million and $406 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2012, respectively, as compared with $162 million and $412 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2011, respectively. Amortization of capitalized software was $28 million and $85 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2012, respectively, and $30 million and $86 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2011, respectively.

The following table outlines the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets held at March 31, 2012:

 

(In millions)       


Year Ending June 30,       

2012 (excluding the nine months ended March 31, 2012)

   $ 148   

2013

     528   

2014

     362   

2015

     299   

2016

     254   

Thereafter

     1,165   


Total

   $   2,756   
    


 

19


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

NOTE 11    DEBT

As of March 31, 2012, the total carrying value and estimated fair value of our long-term debt, including convertible debt, were $11.9 billion and $13.0 billion, respectively. This is compared to a carrying value and estimated fair value of $11.9 billion and $12.1 billion, respectively, as of June 30, 2011. The estimated fair value is based on Level 2 inputs.

The components of long-term debt, the associated interest rates, and the semi-annual interest record and payment dates were as follows as of March 31, 2012:

 

Due Date    Face Value    

Stated
Interest

Rate

   

Effective
Interest

Rate

   

Interest

Record Date

    

Interest

Pay Date

    

Interest

Record Date

    

Interest

Pay Date

 


     (In millions)                                         

Notes

                                                           

September 27, 2013

   $ 1,000        0.875     1.000     March 15         March 27         September 15         September 27   

June 1, 2014

     2,000        2.950     3.049     May 15         June 1         November 15         December 1   

September 25, 2015

     1,750        1.625     1.795     March 15         March 25         September 15         September 25   

February 8, 2016

     750        2.500     2.642     February 1         February 8         August 1         August 8   

June 1, 2019

     1,000        4.200     4.379     May 15         June 1         November 15         December 1   

October 1, 2020

     1,000        3.000     3.137     March 15         April 1         September 15         October 1   

February 8, 2021

     500        4.000     4.082     February 1         February 8         August 1         August 8   

June 1, 2039

     750        5.200     5.240     May 15         June 1         November 15         December 1   

October 1, 2040

     1,000        4.500     4.567     March 15         April 1         September 15         October 1   

February 8, 2041

     1,000        5.300     5.361     February 1         February 8         August 1         August 8   


                                                  

Total

     10,750                                                      

Convertible Debt

                                                           

June 15, 2013

     1,250        0.000     1.849                                   

Total unamortized discount

     (62                                                   


                                                  

Total

   $   11,938                                                      
    


                                                  

The components of long-term debt, the associated interest rates, and the semi-annual interest record and payment dates were as follows as of June 30, 2011:

 

Due Date    Face Value    

Stated
Interest

Rate

   

Effective
Interest

Rate

   

Interest

Record Date

    

Interest

Pay Date

    

Interest

Record Date

    

Interest

Pay Date

 


     (In millions)                                         

Notes

                                                           

September 27, 2013

   $ 1,000        0.875     1.000     March 15         March 27         September 15         September 27   

June 1, 2014

     2,000        2.950     3.049     May 15         June 1         November 15         December 1   

September 25, 2015

     1,750        1.625     1.795     March 15         March 25         September 15         September 25   

February 8, 2016

     750        2.500     2.642     February 1         February 8         August 1         August 8   

June 1, 2019

     1,000        4.200     4.379     May 15         June 1         November 15         December 1   

October 1, 2020

     1,000        3.000     3.137     March 15         April 1         September 15         October 1   

February 8, 2021

     500        4.000     4.082     February 1         February 8         August 1         August 8   

June 1, 2039

     750        5.200     5.240     May 15         June 1         November 15         December 1   

October 1, 2040

     1,000        4.500     4.567     March 15         April 1         September 15         October 1   

February 8, 2041

     1,000        5.300     5.361     February 1         February 8         August 1         August 8   


                                                  

Total

     10,750                                                      

Convertible Debt

                                                           

June 15, 2013

     1,250        0.000     1.849                                   

Total unamortized discount

     (79                                                   


                                                  

Total

   $   11,921                                                      
    


                                                  

 

20


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

Notes

The Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally with our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt outstanding.

Convertible Debt

In June 2010, we issued $1.25 billion of zero coupon convertible unsecured debt due on June 15, 2013 in a private placement offering. Proceeds from the offering were $1.24 billion, net of fees and expenses, which were capitalized. Each $1,000 principal amount of notes is convertible into 29.94 shares of Microsoft common stock at a conversion price of $33.40 per share. As of March 31, 2012, the net carrying amount of our convertible debt was $1.2 billion and the unamortized discount was $24 million.

Prior to March 15, 2013, the notes will be convertible, only in certain circumstances, into cash and, if applicable, cash, shares of Microsoft’s common stock, or a combination thereof, at our election. On or after March 15, 2013, the notes will be convertible at any time. Upon conversion, we will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the notes and pay or deliver cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election.

Because the convertible debt may be wholly or partially settled in cash, we are required to separately account for the liability and equity components of the notes in a manner that reflects our nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest costs are recognized in subsequent periods. The net proceeds of $1.24 billion were allocated between debt for $1.18 billion and stockholders’ equity for $58 million with the portion in stockholders’ equity representing the fair value of the option to convert the debt.

In connection with the issuance of the notes, we entered into capped call transactions with certain option counterparties who are initial purchasers of the notes or their affiliates. The capped call transactions are expected to reduce potential dilution of earnings per share upon conversion of the notes. Under the capped call transactions, we purchased from the option counterparties capped call options that in the aggregate relate to the total number of shares of our common stock underlying the notes, with a strike price equal to the conversion price of the notes and with a cap price equal to $37.16. The purchased capped calls were valued at $40 million and recorded to stockholders’ equity.

NOTE 12    INCOME TAXES

Our effective tax rates were approximately 20% and 13% for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and 20% and 21% for the nine months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Our effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to a higher mix of earnings taxed at lower rates in foreign jurisdictions resulting from producing and distributing our products and services through our foreign regional operations centers in Ireland, Singapore, and Puerto Rico, which are subject to lower income tax rates. In addition, there was a settlement of a portion of a U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“I.R.S.”) audit of tax years 2004 to 2006, which reduced our income tax expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 by $461 million.

Tax contingencies and other tax liabilities were $7.9 billion and $7.4 billion as of March 31, 2012 and June 30, 2011, respectively, and are included in other long-term liabilities. While we settled a portion of the I.R.S. audit for tax years 2004 to 2006 during the third quarter of fiscal year 2011, we remain under audit for these years. In February 2012, the I.R.S. withdrew its 2011 Revenue Agents Report and reopened the audit phase of the examination. As of March 31, 2012, the primary unresolved issue relates to transfer pricing which could have a significant impact on our financial statements if not resolved favorably. We believe our reserves are adequate. We do not believe it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months, as we do not believe the remaining open issues will be resolved within the next 12 months. We also continue to be subject to examination by the I.R.S. for tax years 2007 to 2011.

We are subject to income tax in many jurisdictions outside the U.S. Certain jurisdictions remain subject to examination for tax years 1996 to 2010, some of which are currently under audit by local tax authorities. The resolutions of these audits are not expected to be material to our financial statements.

 

21


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

NOTE 13    UNEARNED REVENUE

The components of unearned revenue were as follows:

 

(In millions)             


     March 31,
2012
    June 30,
2011
 

Volume licensing programs

   $ 12,481      $ 14,625   

Other

     2,710        2,495   


 


Total

   $   15,191      $   17,120   
    


 


Unearned revenue by segment was as follows:

 

(In millions)             


     March 31,
2012
    June 30,
2011
 

Windows & Windows Live Division

   $ 1,453      $ 1,782   

Server and Tools

     5,743        6,315   

Microsoft Business Division

     6,694        8,187   

Other segments

     1,301        836   


 


Total

   $   15,191      $   17,120   
    


 


Fiscal year 2011 amounts have been recast for the fiscal year 2012 movement of Forefront Protection for Office, an anti-malware solution, from Server and Tools to the Microsoft Business Division.

NOTE 14    COMMITMENTS AND GUARANTEES

Yahoo! Commercial Agreement

On December 4, 2009, we entered into a 10-year agreement with Yahoo! whereby Microsoft will provide the exclusive algorithmic and paid search platform for Yahoo! Web sites. Microsoft provided Yahoo! with revenue per search guarantees for a period of 18 months after implementation of the Microsoft search ads platform in each country, extended by an additional 12 months for the U.S. and Canada. These guarantees are calculated, paid, and adjusted periodically and are rate guarantees, not guarantees of search volume. We estimate the remaining cost of the revenue per search guarantees during the guarantee period could range up to $150 million.

Product Warranty

The changes in our aggregate product warranty liabilities, which are included in other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities on our balance sheets were as follows:

 

(In millions)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Balance, beginning of period

   $ 167      $ 202      $ 172      $ 240   

Accruals for warranties issued

     12        14        43        46   

Settlements of warranty claims

     (16     (31     (52       (101


 


 


 


Balance, end of period

   $   163      $   185      $   163      $ 185   
    


 


 


 


 

22


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

NOTE 15    CONTINGENCIES

Antitrust, Unfair Competition, and Overcharge Class Actions

A large number of antitrust and unfair competition class action lawsuits were filed against us in various state, federal, and Canadian courts on behalf of various classes of direct and indirect purchasers of our PC operating system and certain other software products. We obtained dismissals or reached settlements of all claims that have been made to date in the United States.

All settlements in the United States have received final court approval. Under the settlements, generally class members can obtain vouchers that entitle them to be reimbursed for purchases of a wide variety of platform-neutral computer hardware and software. The total value of vouchers that we may issue varies by state. We will make available to certain schools a percentage of those vouchers that are not issued or claimed (one-half to two-thirds depending on the state). The total value of vouchers we ultimately issue will depend on the number of class members who make claims and are issued vouchers. The maximum value of vouchers to be issued is approximately $2.7 billion. The actual costs of these settlements will be less than that maximum amount, depending on the number of class members and schools that are issued and redeem vouchers. We estimate the total cost to resolve all of the state overcharge class action cases will range between $1.9 billion and $2.0 billion. At March 31, 2012, we have recorded a liability related to these claims of approximately $500 million, which reflects our estimated exposure of $1.9 billion less payments made to date of approximately $1.4 billion mostly for vouchers, legal fees, and administrative expenses.

The three cases pending in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec, Canada have not been settled. In March 2010, the court in the British Columbia case certified it as a class action. In April 2011, the British Columbia Court of Appeal reversed the class certification ruling and dismissed the case, holding that indirect purchasers do not have a claim. The plaintiffs have appealed to the Canadian Supreme Court, which will be heard in the fall of 2012. The other two actions have been stayed.

Other Antitrust Litigation and Claims

In November 2004, Novell, Inc. (“Novell”) filed a complaint in U.S. District Court for the District of Utah (later transferred to federal court in Maryland), asserting antitrust and unfair competition claims against us related to Novell’s ownership of WordPerfect and other productivity applications during the period between June 1994 and March 1996. In June 2005, the trial court granted our motion to dismiss four of six claims of the complaint. In March 2010, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Microsoft as to all remaining claims. The court of appeals reversed that ruling as to one claim. Trial of that claim took place from October to December 2011 and resulted in a mistrial because the jury was unable to reach a verdict. Microsoft has filed a motion for judgment as a matter of law. The court has not set a new trial date.

Patent and Intellectual Property Claims

Uniloc Litigation

In October 2003, Uniloc USA Inc. (“Uniloc”), a subsidiary of a Singapore-based company, filed a patent infringement suit in U.S. District Court in Rhode Island, claiming that product activation technology supporting Windows XP and certain other Microsoft programs violated a Uniloc patent. After we obtained a favorable summary judgment that we did not infringe any of the claims of this patent, the court of appeals vacated the trial court decision and remanded the case for trial. In April 2009, the jury returned a $388 million verdict against us, including a finding of willful infringement. In September 2009, the district court judge overturned the jury verdict, ruling that the evidence did not support the jury’s findings either that Microsoft infringed the patent or was willful. Uniloc appealed, and in January 2011 the court of appeals reversed the district court’s finding of non-infringement (thus reinstating the jury verdict of infringement) but affirmed the district court’s ruling that Microsoft was not willful and affirmed the district court’s grant of a new trial on damages. In March 2012, the parties settled the case during trial by a confidential agreement.

Motorola Litigation

In October 2010, Microsoft filed patent infringement complaints against Motorola Mobility (“Motorola”) with the International Trade Commission (“ITC”) and in U.S. District Court in Seattle for infringement of nine Microsoft patents by Motorola’s Android devices. Since then, Microsoft and Motorola have filed additional claims against each other in the ITC, in federal district courts in Seattle, Wisconsin, Florida, and California, and in courts in Germany and the United Kingdom.

 

23


Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1

 

In April 2012, the European Union’s competition office opened two antitrust investigations against Motorola to determine whether it has abused certain of its standard essential patents to distort competition in breach of European Union antitrust rules. The nature of the claims asserted and status of individual matters are summarized below.

International Trade Commission

 

   

The hearing in Microsoft’s ITC case against Motorola took place in August 2011 on seven of the nine patents originally asserted in the complaint. In December 2011, the administrative law judge (“ALJ”) issued an initial determination that Motorola infringed one Microsoft patent, and recommended that the ITC issue a limited exclusion order against Motorola prohibiting importation of infringing Motorola Android devices. The ITC is reviewing various aspects of the ALJ’s initial determination and a final ruling from the ITC is expected in May 2012.

 

   

In November 2010, Motorola filed an action against Microsoft in the ITC alleging infringement of five Motorola patents by Xbox consoles and accessories and seeking an exclusion order to prohibit importation of the allegedly infringing Xbox products into the U.S. The hearing before the ALJ took place in January 2012. An initial determination from the ALJ is expected in April 2012, and a final ruling from the ITC is expected in August 2012.

U.S. District Court

 

   

The Seattle District Court case filed in October 2010 by Microsoft as a companion to Microsoft’s ITC case against Motorola has been stayed pending the outcome of Microsoft’s ITC case.

 

   

In November 2010, Microsoft sued Motorola for breach of contract in U.S. District Court in Seattle, alleging that Motorola breached its commitments to standards setting organizations to license to Microsoft on reasonable and non-discriminatory (“RAND”) terms and conditions patents declared by Motorola to be essential to the implementation of the H.264 video standard and the 802.11 WiFi standard. In suits described below, Motorola or a Motorola affiliate subsequently sued Microsoft on those patents in U.S. District Courts, in the ITC, and in Germany. In February 2012, the Seattle District Court granted a partial summary judgment in favor of Microsoft ruling that (1) Motorola entered into binding contractual commitments with standards organizations committing to license its declared-essential patents on RAND terms and conditions; and (2) Microsoft is a third-party beneficiary of those commitments. Microsoft has renewed its motion for summary judgment in the breach of contract action. No trial date has been set in the breach of contract action. In April 2012, the court issued a temporary restraining order preventing Motorola from taking steps to enforce an injunction in Germany relating to the H.264 video patents.

 

   

Cases filed by Motorola in Wisconsin, California, and Florida, with the exception of one currently stayed case in Wisconsin (a companion case to Motorola’s ITC action), have been transferred at Microsoft’s request to the U.S District Court in Seattle. Motorola and Microsoft both seek damages as well as injunctive relief. No trial dates have been set in any of the transferred cases.

 

   

In the transferred cases, Motorola asserts 15 patents are infringed by many Microsoft products including Windows Mobile 6.5 and Windows Phone 7, Windows Marketplace, Silverlight, Windows Vista and 7, Exchange Server 2003 and later, Exchange ActiveSync, Windows Live Messenger, Lync Server 2010, Outlook 2010, Office 365, SQL Server, Internet Explorer 9, Xbox, and Kinect.

 

   

In the Motorola action originally filed in California, Motorola asserts that Microsoft violated antitrust laws in connection with Microsoft’s assertion of patents against Motorola that Microsoft has agreed to license to certain qualifying entities on RAND terms and conditions.

 

   

In counterclaims in the patent actions brought by Motorola, Microsoft asserts 14 patents are infringed by Motorola Android devices and certain Motorola digital video recorders.

Germany

 

   

In July 2011, Motorola filed patent infringement actions in Germany against Microsoft and several Microsoft subsidiaries on three groups of patents.

 

   

Two of the patents are asserted by Motorola to be essential to implementation of the H.264 video standard, and Motorola alleges that H.264 capable products including Xbox 360, Windows 7, Media Player, and Internet Explorer infringe those patents. Motorola seeks damages and an injunction. A hearing was held in January 2012 and a decision is expected in April 2012. If the court rules in favor

 

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of Motorola, an injunction could be issued immediately relating to all H.264 capable Microsoft products in Germany which Motorola could then take steps to enforce. Damages would be determined in later proceedings.

 

   

Motorola asserts one of the patents covers certain syncing functionality in the ActiveSync protocol employed by Windows Phone 7, Outlook Mobile, Hotmail Mobile, Exchange Online, Exchange Server, and Hotmail Server. Motorola seeks damages and an injunction. A decision is expected in May 2012. If the court rules in favor of Motorola, an injunction could be issued immediately relating to these products employing the ActiveSync protocol in Germany which Motorola could then take steps to enforce. Damages would be determined in later proceedings.

 

   

As noted above, in April 2012 the U.S. District Court in Seattle issued a temporary restraining order preventing Motorola from taking steps to enforce an injunction in Germany relating to the H.264 video patents at this time.

 

   

In lawsuits Microsoft filed in Germany in September, October, and December 2011, Microsoft asserts Motorola Android devices infringe seven Microsoft patents. Microsoft seeks damages and an injunction. Court hearings are expected to continue until June 2012. Decisions are expected to begin issuing in these cases in May 2012. If the court rules in favor of Microsoft in a given case, an injunction could be issued immediately relating to the sale of these products in Germany which Microsoft could then take steps to enforce. Damages would be determined in later proceedings.

United Kingdom

 

   

In December 2011, Microsoft filed an action against Motorola in the High Court of Justice, Chancery Division, Patents Court, in London, England, seeking to revoke the UK part of the European patent asserted by Motorola in Germany against the ActiveSync protocol. In February 2012, Motorola counterclaimed alleging infringement of the patent and seeking damages and an injunction. A trial is expected in December 2012.

Other Patent and Intellectual Property Claims

In addition to these cases, there are approximately 60 other patent infringement cases pending against Microsoft.

Other

We also are subject to a variety of other claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Although management currently believes that resolving claims against us, individually or in aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on our financial statements, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future.

As of March 31, 2012, we had accrued aggregate liabilities of $351 million in other current liabilities and $268 million in other long-term liabilities for all of the contingent matters described in this note. While we intend to vigorously defend these matters, adverse outcomes that we estimate could reach approximately $510 million in aggregate beyond recorded amounts are reasonably possible. Were unfavorable final outcomes to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on our financial statements for the period in which the effects become reasonably estimable.

NOTE 16    STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Share Repurchases

We repurchased the following shares of common stock during the periods presented:

 

(In millions)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Nine Months Ended
March 31,
 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Shares of common stock repurchased

     31        30        109        381   

Value of common stock repurchased

   $   1,000      $   827      $   3,000      $   9,827   


 

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We repurchased all shares with cash resources. As of March 31, 2012, approximately $9.2 billion remained of our $40.0 billion repurchase program that we announced on September 22, 2008. The repurchase program expires September 30, 2013 but may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.

Dividends

Our Board of Directors declared the following dividends during the periods presented:

 

Declaration Date    Dividend
Per Share
    Record Date      Total Amount     Payment Date  


                  (in millions)        
Fiscal Year 2012                          

September 20, 2011

   $ 0.20        November 17, 2011       $   1,683        December 8, 2011   

December 14, 2011

   $ 0.20        February 16, 2012       $ 1,683        March 8, 2012   

March 13, 2012

   $ 0.20        May 17, 2012       $ 1,680        June 14, 2012   
Fiscal Year 2011                          

September 21, 2010

   $ 0.16        November 18, 2010       $ 1,363        December 9, 2010   

December 15, 2010

   $ 0.16        February 17, 2011       $ 1,349        March 10, 2011   

March 14, 2011

   $   0.16        May 19, 2011       $ 1,350        June 9, 2011   


The estimate of the amount to be paid as a result of the March 13, 2012 declaration was included in other current liabilities as of March 31, 2012.

NOTE 17    SEGMENT INFORMATION

In its operation of the business, management, including our chief operating decision maker, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, reviews certain financial information, including segmented internal profit and loss statements prepared on a basis not consistent with U.S. GAAP. The segment information within this note is reported on that basis. Our five segments are Windows & Windows Live Division; Server and Tools; Online Services Division; Microsoft Business Division; and Entertainment and Devices Division.

Due to the integrated structure of our business, certain revenue earned and costs incurred by one segment may benefit other segments. Revenue on certain contracts may be allocated among the segments based on the relative value of the underlying products and services. Costs that are identifiable are allocated to the segments that benefit to incent cross-collaboration among our segments so that one segment is not solely burdened by the cost of a mutually beneficial activity. Allocated costs may include those relating to development and marketing of products and services from which multiple segments benefit, or those costs relating to services performed by one segment on behalf of other segments. Each allocation is measured differently based on the specific facts and circumstances of the costs being allocated.

In addition, certain costs incurred at a corporate level that are identifiable and that benefit our segments are allocated to them. These allocated costs include costs of: field selling; employee benefits; shared facilities services; and customer service and support. Each allocation is measured differently based on the specific facts and circumstances of the costs being allocated. Certain other corporate-level activity is not allocated to our segments, including costs of: broad-based sales and marketing; product support services; human resources; legal; finance; information technology; corporate development and procurement activities; research and development; legal settlements and contingencies; and employee severance.

We have recast certain prior period amounts within this note to conform to the way we internally managed and monitored segment performance during the current fiscal year, including moving Forefront Protection for Office, an anti-malware solution, from Server and Tools to the Microsoft Business Division, as well as conforming management reporting and U.S. GAAP reporting for stock-based compensation.

 

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Segment revenue and operating income (loss) were as follows during the periods presented:

 

(In millions)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Nine Months Ended
March 31,
 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Revenue

                                

Windows & Windows Live Division

   $ 4,606      $ 4,395      $ 14,147      $ 14,088   

Server and Tools

     4,574        4,009        13,600        12,163   

Online Services Division

     725        687        2,181        1,979   

Microsoft Business Division

     5,811        5,343        17,666        16,406   

Entertainment and Devices Division

     1,611        1,937        7,815        7,443   

Unallocated and other

     80        57        255        497   


 


 


 


Consolidated

   $   17,407      $   16,428      $   55,664      $   52,576   
    


 


 


 


Operating Income (Loss)

                                

Windows & Windows Live Division

   $ 2,933      $ 2,740      $ 8,985      $ 9,109   

Server and Tools

     1,744        1,361        5,358        4,638   

Online Services Division

     (478     (779     (1,446     (1,904

Microsoft Business Division

     3,766        3,326        11,585        10,660   

Entertainment and Devices Division

     (232     221        637        1,292   

Reconciling amounts

     (1,359     (1,160     (3,548     (2,805


 


 


 


Consolidated

   $ 6,374      $ 5,709      $ 21,571      $ 20,990   
    


 


 


 


Reconciling amounts in the tables above and below include adjustments to conform our internal accounting policies to U.S. GAAP and corporate-level activity not specifically attributed to a segment. Significant internal accounting policies that differ from U.S. GAAP relate to revenue recognition, income statement classification, and depreciation.

Significant reconciling items were as follows:

 

(In millions)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Corporate-level activity(a)

   $ (1,378   $ (1,182   $ (3,625   $ (3,145

Revenue reconciling amounts

     6        14        59        363   

Other

     13        8        18        (23


 


 


 


Total

   $   (1,359   $   (1,160   $   (3,548   $   (2,805
    


 


 


 


 

(a)

Corporate-level activity excludes revenue reconciling amounts presented separately in that line item.

Assets are not allocated to segments for internal reporting presentations. A portion of amortization and depreciation is included with various other costs in an overhead allocation to each segment and it is impracticable for us to separately identify the amount of amortization and depreciation by segment that is included in the measure of segment profit or loss.

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Microsoft Corporation

Redmond, Washington

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Microsoft Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Corporation”) as of March 31, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for the three-month and nine-month periods ended March 31, 2012 and 2011. These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Corporation’s management.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to such consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of Microsoft Corporation and subsidiaries as of June 30, 2011, and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated July 28, 2011 we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2011 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

/S/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Seattle, Washington

April 19, 2012

 

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Note About Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this report, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives, and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report, including without limitation, the following sections: “Management’s Discussion and Analysis,” and “Risk Factors.” These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “future,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. A detailed discussion of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements is included in the section titled “Risk Factors” (Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q). We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events, or otherwise.

OVERVIEW

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Microsoft Corporation. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2011 and our financial statements and accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.

Microsoft is a technology leader focused on helping people and businesses throughout the world realize their full potential. We create technology that transforms the way people work, play, and communicate across a wide range of computing devices.

We generate revenue by developing, licensing, and supporting a wide range of software products and services, by designing and selling hardware, and by delivering relevant online advertising to a global customer audience. Our most significant expenses are related to compensating employees, designing, manufacturing, marketing and selling our products and services, and income taxes.

Industry Trends

Our industry is dynamic and highly competitive, with frequent changes in both technologies and business models. Each industry shift is an opportunity to conceive new products, new technologies, or new ideas which can further transform the industry and our business. At Microsoft, we push the boundaries of what is possible through a broad set of research and technology innovations that seek to anticipate the changing demands of customers, industry trends, and competitive forces.

Key Opportunities and Investments

Based on our assessment of key technology trends and our broad focus on long-term research and development of new products and services, we see significant opportunities to drive future growth.

Smart connected devices

The price per unit of processing, storage, and networks continues to decline while at the same time devices increase in capability. As a result, the capabilities and accessibility of PCs, mobile, and other devices powered by rich software platforms and applications continue to grow. At the same time, the information and services people use increasingly span multiple devices. User experiences will be transformed by the adoption of cloud computing when brought together with the richness of smart, connected devices. Microsoft is delivering experiences that seamlessly connect PCs and mobile and other devices through the cloud. We are devoting significant resources to consumer cloud offerings like Bing, Windows Live, and Xbox LIVE. Our software and hardware platform investments can be seen in products like Kinect, Windows, Windows Azure, Windows Phone, Windows Server, and Xbox.

 

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Cloud computing transforming the data center and information technology

Cloud-based solutions provide customers with software, services and content over the Internet by way of shared computing resources located in centralized data centers. Computing is undergoing a long-term shift from client/server to the cloud, a shift similar in importance and impact to the transition from mainframe to client/server. The shift to the cloud is driven by three important economies of scale: larger data centers can deploy computational resources at significantly lower cost per unit than smaller ones; larger data centers can coordinate and aggregate diverse customer, geographic, and application demand patterns which can improve the utilization of computing, storage, and network resources; and multi-tenancy lowers application maintenance labor costs for large public clouds. As a result of the improved economics, the cloud offers unique levels of elasticity and agility that will enable new solutions and applications. For businesses of all sizes, the cloud creates the opportunity to focus more on innovation while leaving non-differentiating activities to reliable and cost-effective providers. For many businesses, the first step in achieving cloud economics is the adoption of virtualization in their data center. We are devoting significant resources to developing cloud infrastructure, platforms, and applications including offerings such as Microsoft Dynamics Online, Microsoft SQL Azure, Office 365, Windows Azure, Windows Intune, and Windows Server.

Entertainment

The evolution of hardware, software, services, and the cloud are enhancing the delivery and quality of unified entertainment experiences across many devices. These rich media experiences include games, movies, music, television, and social interactions with family, friends, and colleagues. At Microsoft, our approach is to simplify and increase the accessibility of these entertainment experiences to broaden market penetration of our software and services. We invest significant resources to develop or partner to develop hardware, software, and content that is used in products and services such as Windows Phone, Xbox, Xbox LIVE, and Skype.

Search

Over the last two decades, web content and social connections have increased dramatically as people spend more time online, while discoverability and accessibility has been transforming from direct navigation and document links. There is significant opportunity to deliver differentiated products that helps users make better decisions and complete tasks more simply when using PC, mobile, and other devices. Our approach is to use machine learning to try to understand user intent, and differentiate our product by focusing on the integration of visual, social, and other elements which simplifies people’s interaction with the Internet. We invest significant resources in Bing, SharePoint, Windows, Windows Phone, and Xbox LIVE.

Communications and productivity

Personal and business productivity has been transformed by the ubiquity of computing and software tools. Over the last decade, Microsoft redefined software productivity beyond the rich Office client on the PC. Productivity scenarios now encompass unified communications, business intelligence, collaboration, content management, and relationship management, which are increasingly powered by server-side applications. These server applications can be hosted by the customer, a partner, or by Microsoft in the cloud. There are significant opportunities to provide productivity and communication scenarios across PCs, mobile devices, and other devices that connect to services. We invest significant resources in Dynamics, Exchange, Lync, Skype, Office, Office 365, SharePoint, Windows Live, and Windows Phone.

Economic Conditions, Challenges and Risks

As discussed above, our industry is dynamic and highly competitive. We must anticipate changes in technology and business models. Our model for growth is based on our ability to initiate and embrace disruptive technology trends, to enter new markets, both in terms of geographies and product areas, and to drive broad adoption of the products and services we develop and market.

At Microsoft, we prioritize our investments among the highest long-term growth opportunities. These investments require significant resources and are multi-year in nature. The products and services we bring to market can be built internally, brought to market as part of a partnership or alliance, or through acquisition.

Our success is highly dependent on our ability to attract and retain qualified employees. We rely on hiring from a mix of university and industry talent worldwide. Microsoft competes for talented individuals worldwide by offering broad customer reach, scale in resources, and competitive compensation.

 

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Demand for our software, services, and hardware has a strong correlation to global macroeconomic factors. The current macroeconomic factors remain dynamic. See a discussion of these factors and other risks under Risk Factors (Part II, Item 1A. of this Form 10-Q).

Seasonality

Our revenue historically has fluctuated quarterly and has generally been the highest in the second quarter of our fiscal year due to corporate calendar year-end spending trends in our major markets and holiday season spending by consumers. Our Entertainment and Devices Division is particularly seasonal as its products are aimed at the consumer market and are in highest demand during the holiday shopping season. Typically, the Entertainment and Devices Division has generated approximately 40% of its yearly segment revenue in our second fiscal quarter. In addition, quarterly revenue may be impacted by the deferral of revenue. See the discussions below regarding sales of earlier versions of the Microsoft Office system with a guarantee to be upgraded to the newest version of the Microsoft Office system at minimal or no cost (the “Office Deferral”).

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Summary

 

(In millions, except percentages and per share amounts)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

Percentage

Change

    

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

   

Percentage

Change

 


     2012     2011            2012     2011        

Revenue

   $    17,407      $    16,428        6%       $    55,664      $    52,576        6%   

Operating income

   $ 6,374      $ 5,709        12%       $ 21,571      $ 20,990        3%   

Diluted earnings per share

   $ 0.60      $ 0.61        (2)%       $ 2.05      $ 2.01        2%   


Three months ended March 31, 2012 compared with three months ended March 31, 2011

Revenue increased primarily due to strong sales of Server and Tools products and services and the 2010 Microsoft Office system, offset in part by a decline in Xbox 360 entertainment platform sales. Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2012 also included Skype revenue.

Operating income increased 12%, primarily reflecting an increase in revenue, offset in part by higher research and development expenses. Research and development expenses increased $248 million or 11%, due mainly to higher headcount-related expenses. Headcount-related expenses increased across the company reflecting a 4% increase in headcount from March 31, 2011 and changes in our employee compensation program.

Diluted earnings per share were $0.60. Prior year net income and diluted earnings per share reflected a partial settlement with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“I.R.S.”) and higher other income. The partial settlement with the I.R.S. added $461 million to prior year net income and $0.05 to diluted earnings per share.

Nine months ended March 31, 2012 compared with nine months ended March 31, 2011

Revenue increased primarily due to strong sales of Server and Tools products and services and the 2010 Microsoft Office system. Revenue for the nine months ended March 31, 2012 also included Skype revenue from the date of acquisition.

Operating income increased reflecting increased revenue, offset in part by higher operating expenses. Key changes in operating expenses were:

 

   

Cost of revenue increased $1.5 billion or 13%, reflecting higher costs associated with providing Server and Tools products and services, higher Xbox royalty costs, and changes in the mix of products and services sold.

 

   

Research and development expenses increased $567 million or 9%, due mainly to higher headcount-related expenses.

 

   

General and administrative expenses increased $390 million or 13%, due mainly to higher headcount-related expenses and Puerto Rican excise taxes.

 

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Headcount-related expenses increased across the company reflecting a 4% increase in headcount from March 31, 2011 and changes in our employee compensation program.

Diluted earnings per share were $2.05. Prior year net income and diluted earnings per share reflected a partial settlement with the I.R.S. and higher other income. The partial settlement with the I.R.S. added $461 million to prior year net income and $0.05 to diluted earnings per share.

SEGMENT PRODUCT REVENUE/OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)

The revenue and operating income (loss) amounts in this section are presented on a basis consistent with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) and include certain reconciling items attributable to each of the segments. Segment information appearing in Note 17 – Segment Information of the Notes to Financial Statements (Part I, Item I of this Form 10-Q) is presented on a basis consistent with our current internal management reporting. Certain corporate-level activity has been excluded from segment operating results and is analyzed separately. We have recast certain prior period amounts within this MD&A to conform to the way we internally managed and monitored segment performance during the current fiscal year, including moving Forefront Protection for Office, an anti-malware solution, from Server and Tools to the Microsoft Business Division.

Windows & Windows Live Division

 

(In millions, except percentages)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
    

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

    Percentage
Change
 


     2012     2011            2012     2011        

Revenue

   $      4,624      $      4,447        4%       $    14,228      $    14,290        0%   

Operating income

   $ 2,952      $ 2,792        6%       $ 9,063      $ 9,303        (3)%   


Windows & Windows Live Division (“Windows Division”) develops and markets PC operating systems, related software and online services, and PC hardware products. This collection of software, hardware, and services is designed to simplify everyday tasks through efficient browsing capabilities and seamless operations across the user’s hardware and software. Windows Division offerings consist of multiple editions of the Windows operating system, software and services through Windows Live, and Microsoft PC hardware products.

Windows Division revenue is largely correlated to the PC market worldwide, as approximately 75% of total Windows Division revenue comes from Windows operating system software purchased by original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) which they pre-install on equipment they sell. The remaining approximately 25% of Windows Division revenue is generated by commercial and retail sales of Windows and PC hardware products and online advertising from Windows Live.

Three months ended March 31, 2012 compared with three months ended March 31, 2011

Windows Division revenue reflected relative performance in PC market segments. We estimate that sales of PCs to businesses grew approximately 8% and sales of PCs to consumers were flat. Excluding a decline in sales of netbooks, we estimate that sales of PCs to consumers grew approximately 6%. Taken together, the total PC market increased an estimated 2% to 4%. Windows Division revenue was positively impacted by a higher rate of Windows licensed on PCs shipped and growth in sales to businesses.

Windows Division operating income increased primarily due to revenue growth, offset in part by higher research and development expenses, which grew due mainly to an increase in headcount-related costs and product development costs associated with the next version of the Windows operating system.

Nine months ended March 31, 2012 compared with nine months ended March 31, 2011

Windows Division revenue reflected relative performance in PC market segments. We estimate that sales of PCs to businesses grew approximately 5% and sales of PCs to consumers decreased 1%. Excluding a decline in sales of netbooks, we estimate that sales of PCs to consumers grew approximately 6%. Taken together, the total PC market increased an estimated 0% to 2%. Windows Division revenue was negatively impacted by higher growth in emerging markets, where average selling prices are lower, relative to developed markets, partially offset by a higher rate of Windows licensed on PCs shipped and growth in sales to businesses.

 

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Windows Division operating income decreased due primarily to higher research and development expenses associated with the next version of the Windows operating system.

Server and Tools

 

(In millions, except percentages)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
    

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

    Percentage
Change
 


     2012     2011            2012     2011        

Revenue

   $      4,572      $      4,007        14%       $    13,594      $    12,156        12%   

Operating income

   $ 1,738      $ 1,352        29%       $ 5,336      $ 4,604        16%   


Server and Tools develops and markets technology and related services that enable information technology professionals and their systems to be more productive and efficient. Server and Tools product and service offerings include Windows Server, Microsoft SQL Server, Windows Azure, Visual Studio, System Center products, Windows Embedded device platforms, and Enterprise Services. Enterprise Services comprise Premier product support services and Microsoft Consulting Services. We also offer developer tools, training, and certification. Approximately 50% of Server and Tools revenue comes primarily from multi-year volume licensing agreements, approximately 30% is purchased through transactional volume licensing programs, retail packaged product and licenses sold to OEMs, and the remainder comes from Enterprise Services.

Three months ended March 31, 2012 compared with three months ended March 31, 2011

Server and Tools revenue increased in both product sales and Enterprise Services. Product revenue increased $396 million or 12%, driven primarily by growth in SQL Server, Windows Server, and System Center, reflecting continued adoption of Windows platform applications. Enterprise Services revenue grew in both Premier product support and consulting services.

Server and Tools operating income increased primarily due to revenue growth, offset in part by higher costs of providing products and services.

Nine months ended March 31, 2012 compared with nine months ended March 31, 2011

Server and Tools revenue increased in both product sales and Enterprise Services. Product revenue increased $980 million or 10%, driven primarily by growth in SQL Server, Windows Server, and System Center, reflecting continued adoption of Windows platform applications. Enterprise Services revenue grew in both Premier product support and consulting services.

Server and Tools operating income increased primarily due to revenue growth, offset in part by higher costs of providing products and services.

Online Services Division

 

(In millions, except percentages)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
    

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

    Percentage
Change
 


     2012     2011            2012     2011        

Revenue

   $         707      $         667        6%       $      2,132      $      1,927        11%   

Operating loss

   $ (479   $ (776     38%       $ (1,449   $ (1,912     24%   


Online Services Division (“OSD”) develops and markets information and content designed to help people simplify tasks and make more informed decisions online, and that help advertisers connect with audiences. OSD offerings include Bing, MSN, adCenter, and advertiser tools. Bing and MSN generate revenue through the sale of search and display advertising. Search and display advertising accounts for nearly all of OSD’s annual revenue.

 

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Three months ended March 31, 2012 compared with three months ended March 31, 2011

Online advertising revenue grew $51 million or 9% to $639 million, reflecting continued growth in search advertising revenue, offset in part by decreased display advertising revenue. As of March 31, 2012, according to third-party sources, Bing organic U.S. market share grew over 10% from March 31, 2011 to approximately 15%. Bing-powered U.S. market share, including Yahoo! properties was approximately 26% at both March 31, 2012 and 2011.

OSD operating loss decreased due to higher revenue and lower cost of revenue and sales and marketing expenses.

Nine months ended March 31, 2012 compared with nine months ended March 31, 2011

Online advertising revenue grew $232 million or 14% to $1.9 billion, reflecting continued growth in search advertising revenue, offset in part by decreased display advertising revenue. As of March 31, 2012, according to third-party sources, Bing organic U.S. market share grew over 10% from March 31, 2011 to approximately 15%. Bing-powered U.S. market share, including Yahoo! properties was approximately 26% at both March 31, 2012 and 2011.

OSD operating loss decreased due primarily to higher revenue and lower sales and marketing expenses.

Microsoft Business Division

 

(In millions, except percentages)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
    

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

    Percentage
Change
 


     2012     2011            2012     2011        

Revenue

   $      5,814      $      5,329        9%       $    17,700      $    16,641        6%   

Operating income

   $ 3,770      $ 3,313        14%       $ 11,619      $ 10,896        7%   


Microsoft Business Division (“MBD”) develops and markets software and online services designed to increase personal, team, and organization productivity. MBD offerings include the Microsoft Office system (comprising mainly Office, SharePoint, Exchange, Lync, and Office 365), which generates over 90% of MBD revenue, and Microsoft Dynamics business solutions. We evaluate MBD results based upon the nature of the end user in two primary parts: business revenue, which includes Microsoft Office system revenue generated through volume licensing agreements and Microsoft Dynamics revenue; and consumer revenue, which includes revenue from retail packaged product sales and OEM revenue.

Three months ended March 31, 2012 compared with three months ended March 31, 2011

MBD revenue increased primarily reflecting sales of the 2010 Microsoft Office system. Business revenue increased $469 million or 11%, primarily reflecting growth in multi-year volume licensing revenue, licensing of the 2010 Microsoft Office system to transactional business customers, and an 11% increase in Microsoft Dynamics revenue. Consumer revenue increased $16 million or 2% due mainly to increased sales of the 2010 Microsoft Office system.

MBD revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2012 included a favorable foreign currency impact of $121 million.

MBD operating income increased primarily due to revenue growth. An increase in cost of revenue, which resulted primarily from higher online operation and support costs, was nearly offset by a decrease in sales and marketing expenses, which resulted primarily from lower headcount-related costs.

Nine months ended March 31, 2012 compared with nine months ended March 31, 2011

MBD revenue increased primarily reflecting sales of the 2010 Microsoft Office system. Business revenue increased $1.2 billion or 9%, primarily reflecting growth in multi-year volume licensing revenue, licensing of the 2010 Microsoft Office system to transactional business customers, and a 13% increase in Microsoft Dynamics revenue. Consumer revenue decreased $157 million or 4% due to the recognition of $254 million of revenue in the prior year associated with the Office Deferral. Excluding the impact associated with the Office Deferral, consumer revenue increased $97 million or 3% driven by increased sales of the 2010 Microsoft Office system.

MBD revenue for the nine months ended March 31, 2012 included a favorable foreign currency impact of $458 million.

 

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MBD operating income increased primarily due to revenue growth, offset in part by higher operating expenses. Cost of revenue increased primarily due to higher online operation and support costs. Research and development expenses increased due mainly to an increase in headcount-related costs.

Entertainment and Devices Division

 

(In millions, except percentages)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
    

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

    Percentage
Change
 


     2012     2011            2012     2011        

Revenue

   $      1,616      $      1,935        (16)%       $      7,814      $      7,428        5%   

Operating income

   $ (229   $ 210        *          $ 627      $ 1,244        (50)%   


 

*

Not meaningful

Entertainment and Devices Division (“EDD”) develops and markets products and services designed to entertain and connect people. EDD offerings include the Xbox 360 entertainment platform (which includes the Xbox 360 gaming and entertainment console, Kinect for Xbox 360, Xbox 360 video games, Xbox LIVE, and Xbox 360 accessories), Mediaroom (our Internet protocol television software), Skype, and Windows Phone, including related patent licensing revenue. In November 2010, we released Kinect for Xbox 360. We acquired Skype on October 13, 2011, and its results of operations from this date are reflected in our results discussed below.

Three months ended March 31, 2012 compared with three months ended March 31, 2011

EDD revenue decreased primarily reflecting lower Xbox 360 platform revenue, offset in part by Skype revenue and Windows Phone software license revenue from Nokia. Xbox 360 platform revenue decreased $584 million or 33%, due mainly to decreased volumes of Xbox 360 consoles and standalone Kinect sensors sold, offset in part by higher Xbox LIVE revenue. We shipped 1.4 million Xbox 360 consoles during the third quarter of fiscal year 2012, compared with 2.7 million Xbox 360 consoles during the third quarter of fiscal year 2011.

EDD operating income decreased reflecting lower revenue, payments made to Nokia related to joint strategic initiatives, and higher other operating expenses. Research and development expenses increased $100 million or 35%, and sales and marketing expenses increased $79 million or 50%, primarily reflecting higher headcount-related expenses. Cost of revenue decreased $80 million or 6% primarily due to lower volumes of Xbox 360 consoles and standalone Kinect sensors sold, offset in part by payments made to Nokia.

Nine months ended March 31, 2012 compared with nine months ended March 31, 2011

EDD revenue increased primarily reflecting Skype revenue and Windows Phone software license revenue from Nokia, offset in part by lower Xbox 360 platform revenue. Xbox 360 platform revenue decreased $154 million or 2%, due mainly to decreased volumes of standalone Kinect sensors sold and lower video game revenue, offset in part by higher Xbox LIVE revenue. We shipped 11.9 million Xbox 360 consoles during the first nine months of fiscal year 2012, compared with 11.9 million Xbox 360 consoles during the first nine months of fiscal year 2011. Video game revenue decreased due to strong sales of Halo Reach in the prior year.

EDD operating income decreased reflecting higher operating expenses, including payments made to Nokia related to joint strategic initiatives, offset in part by revenue growth. Cost of revenue grew $556 million or 12% primarily due to payments made to Nokia and changes in the mix of products and services sold. Research and development expenses increased $228 million or 26%, and sales and marketing expenses increased $179 million or 26%, primarily reflecting higher headcount-related expenses and the inclusion of Skype expenses.

Corporate-Level Activity

 

(In millions, except percentages)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
     Nine Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
 


     2012     2011            2012     2011        

Corporate-level activity

   $     (1,378   $     (1,182     (17)%       $     (3,625   $     (3,145     (15)%   


Certain corporate-level activity is not allocated to our segments, including costs of: broad-based sales and marketing; product support services; human resources; legal; finance; information technology; corporate development and procurement activities; research and development; and legal settlements and contingencies.

 

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For the three months ended March 31, 2012, corporate-level expenses increased due mainly to higher headcount-related expenses, offset in part by decreased legal costs. For the nine months ended March 31, 2012, corporate-level expenses increased due mainly to Puerto Rican excise taxes and higher headcount-related expenses.

OPERATING EXPENSES

Cost of Revenue

 

(In millions, except percentages)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
    

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

    Percentage
Change
 


     2012     2011            2012     2011        

Cost of revenue

   $      3,952      $      3,897        1%       $    13,367      $    11,869        13%   

As a percent of revenue

     23 %     24 %     (1)ppt         24 %     23 %     1ppt   


Cost of revenue includes: manufacturing and distribution costs for products sold and programs licensed; operating costs related to product support service centers and product distribution centers; costs incurred to include software on PCs sold by OEMs, to drive traffic to our Web sites and to acquire online advertising space (“traffic acquisition costs”); costs incurred to support and maintain Internet-based products and services including royalties; warranty costs; inventory valuation adjustments; costs associated with the delivery of consulting services; and the amortization of capitalized research and development costs.

For the three months ended March 31, 2012, cost of revenue increased slightly reflecting changes in the mix of products and services sold. For the nine months ended March 31, 2012, cost of revenue increased reflecting higher headcount-related costs and changes in the mix of products and services sold. Headcount-related expenses increased 23% and 22% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2012, respectively, primarily related to increased Enterprise Services headcount.

Research and Development

 

(In millions, except percentages)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
     Nine Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
 


     2012     2011            2012     2011        

Research and development

   $      2,517      $      2,269        11%       $      7,217      $      6,650        9%   

As a percent of revenue

     14 %     14 %     0ppt         13 %     13 %     0ppt   


Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation expense, and other headcount-related expenses associated with product development. Research and development expenses also include third-party development and programming costs, localization costs incurred to translate software for international markets, and the amortization of purchased software code and services content.

Research and development expenses increased, primarily reflecting a 14% and 11% increase in headcount-related expenses for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2012, respectively.

Sales and Marketing

 

(In millions, except percentages)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
    

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

    Percentage
Change
 


     2012     2011            2012     2011        

Sales and marketing

   $      3,414      $      3,393        1%       $    10,076      $    10,024        1%   

As a percent of revenue

     20 %     21 %     (1)ppt         18 %     19 %     (1)ppt   


Sales and marketing expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation expense, and other headcount-related expenses associated with sales and marketing personnel and the costs of advertising, promotions, trade shows, seminars, and other programs.

 

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Sales and marketing expenses increased slightly, primarily reflecting an 8% and 7% increase in headcount-related expenses for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2012, respectively, offset in part by decreased marketing spend.

General and Administrative

 

(In millions, except percentages)    Three Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
     Nine Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
 


     2012     2011            2012     2011        

General and administrative

   $      1,150      $      1,160        (1)%       $      3,433      $      3,043        13%   

As a percent of revenue

     7 %     7 %     0ppt         6 %     6 %     0ppt   


General and administrative expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation expense, severance expense, and other headcount-related expenses associated with finance, legal, facilities, certain human resources and other administrative personnel, certain taxes, and legal and other administrative fees.

For the three months ended March 31, 2012, general and administrative expenses decreased slightly, primarily due to decreased legal costs, offset in part by higher headcount-related expenses. For the nine months ended March 31, 2012, general and administrative expenses increased, primarily due to higher headcount-related expenses and Puerto Rican excise taxes. Headcount-related expenses increased 16% and 13% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2012, respectively.

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) AND INCOME TAXES

Other Income (Expense)

The components of other income (expense) were as follows:

 

(In millions)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

   

Nine Months Ended

March 31,

 


     2012     2011     2012     2011  

Dividends and interest income

   $         180      $         216      $         573      $         631   

Interest expense

     (95     (84     (284     (201

Net recognized gains on investments

     34        187        352        339   

Net gains (losses) on derivatives

     (102     (65     (278     38   

Net gains (losses) on foreign currency remeasurements

     (8     55        (52     (14

Other

     (20     7        26        (31


 


 


 


Total

   $ (11   $ 316      $ 337      $ 762   
    


 


 


 


We use derivative instruments to manage risks related to foreign currencies, equity prices, interest rates, and credit; to enhance investment returns; and to facilitate portfolio diversification. Gains and losses from changes in fair values of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recognized in other income (expense). These are generally offset by unrealized gains and losses in the underlying securities in the investment portfolio and are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income.

Dividends and interest income decreased due to lower yields on our fixed-income investments, offset in part by higher average portfolio investment balances. Interest expense increased due to our increased issuance of debt in the prior year. Net recognized gains on investments decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2012 due primarily to lower net gains on sales of equity securities and higher other-than-temporary impairments. Net recognized gains on investments increased slightly for the nine months ended March 31, 2012 as higher net gains on sales of equity and fixed-income securities were offset by higher other-than-temporary impairments. Other-than-temporary impairments were $82 million and $234 million during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2012, respectively, compared to $15 million and $42 million during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2011, respectively. Net losses on derivatives increased for the three months ended March 31, 2012 due primarily to losses on commodity derivatives in the current period as compared to gains in the comparable period. Net losses on derivatives also increased for the nine months ended March 31, 2012 due primarily to losses on commodity and equity derivatives in the current period as compared to gains in the comparable period. Changes in foreign currency remeasurements were primarily due to currency movements net of our hedging activities.

 

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Income Taxes

Our effective tax rates were approximately 20% and 13% for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and 20% and 21% for the nine months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Our effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to a higher mix of earnings taxed at lower rates in foreign jurisdictions resulting from producing and distributing our products and services through our foreign regional operations centers in Ireland, Singapore, and Puerto Rico, which are subject to lower income tax rates. In addition, there was a settlement of a portion of an I.R.S. audit of tax years 2004 to 2006, which reduced our income tax expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 by $461 million.

Changes in the mix of income before income taxes between the U.S. and foreign countries resulted primarily from changes in the geographic distribution of and changes in consumer demand for our products and services. As discussed above, Windows Division operating income declined $240 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2012, while MBD and Server and Tools operating income increased $723 million and $732 million, respectively, during this same period. We supply Windows, our primary Windows Division product, to customers through our U.S. regional operating center, while we supply the Microsoft Office System, our primary MBD product, and our Server and Tools products to customers through our foreign regional operations centers.

Tax contingencies and other tax liabilities were $7.9 billion and $7.4 billion as of March 31, 2012 and June 30, 2011, respectively, and are included in other long-term liabilities. While we settled a portion of the I.R.S. audit for tax years 2004 to 2006 during the third quarter of fiscal year 2011, we remain under audit for these years. In February 2012, the I.R.S. withdrew its 2011 Revenue Agents Report and reopened the audit phase of the examination. As of March 31, 2012, the primary unresolved issue relates to transfer pricing which could have a significant impact on our financial statements if not resolved favorably. We believe our reserves are adequate. We do not believe it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months, as we do not believe the remaining open issues will be resolved within the next 12 months. We also continue to be subject to examination by the I.R.S. for tax years 2007 to 2011.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments

Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments totaled $59.5 billion as of March 31, 2012, compared with $52.8 billion as of June 30, 2011. Equity and other investments were $9.1 billion as of March 31, 2012 compared to $10.9 billion as of June 30, 2011. Our short-term investments are primarily to facilitate liquidity and for capital preservation. They consist predominantly of highly liquid investment grade fixed-income securities, diversified among industries and individual issuers. The investments are predominantly U.S. dollar-denominated securities, but also include foreign currency-denominated securities in order to diversify risk. Our fixed-income investments are exposed to interest rate risk and credit risk. The credit risk and average maturity of our fixed-income portfolio are managed to achieve economic returns that correlate to certain fixed-income indices. The settlement risk related to these investments is insignificant given that the short-term investments held are primarily highly liquid investment-grade fixed-income securities. While we own certain mortgage-backed and asset-backed fixed-income securities, our portfolio as of March 31, 2012 does not contain direct exposure to subprime mortgages or structured vehicles that derive their value from subprime collateral. The majority of our mortgage-backed securities are collateralized by prime residential mortgages and carry a 100% principal and interest guarantee, primarily from Federal National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and Government National Mortgage Association.

We routinely monitor our financial exposure to both sovereign and non-sovereign borrowers and counterparties. Our gross exposures to our customers and investments in Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, and Spain are individually and collectively not material.

Of the cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments at March 31, 2012, approximately $50 billion was held by our foreign subsidiaries and were subject to material repatriation tax effects. The amount of cash and investments held by foreign subsidiaries subject to other restrictions on the free flow of funds (primarily currency and other local regulatory) was approximately $586 million. As of March 31, 2012, approximately 77% of the short-term investments held by our foreign subsidiaries were invested in U.S. government and agency securities, approximately 10% were invested in corporate notes and bonds of U.S. companies, and 4% were invested in U.S. mortgage-backed securities, all of which are denominated in U.S. dollars.

 

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Securities lending

We lend certain fixed-income and equity securities to increase investment returns. The loaned securities continue to be carried as investments on our balance sheet. Cash and/or security interests are received as collateral for the loaned securities with the amount determined based upon the underlying security lent and the creditworthiness of the borrower. Cash received is recorded as an asset with a corresponding liability. Our securities lending payable balance was $1.2 billion as of March 31, 2012. Our average and maximum securities lending payable balances for the three months ended March 31, 2012 were $1.3 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively. Our average and maximum securities lending payable balances for the nine months ended March 31, 2012 were $1.2 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively. Intra-quarter variances in the amount of securities loaned are mainly due to fluctuations in the demand for the securities.

Valuation

In general, and where applicable, we use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities to determine the fair value of our financial instruments. This pricing methodology applies to our Level 1 investments, such as exchange-traded mutual funds, domestic and international equities, and U.S. treasuries. If quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are not available to determine fair value, then we use quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities or inputs other than the quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly. This pricing methodology applies to our Level 2 investments such as corporate notes and bonds, foreign government bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and agency securities. Level 3 investments are valued using internally developed models with unobservable inputs. Assets and liabilities measured using unobservable inputs are an immaterial portion of our portfolio.

A majority of our investments are priced by pricing vendors and are generally Level 1 or Level 2 investments as these vendors either provide a quoted market price in an active market or use observable inputs for their pricing without applying significant adjustments. Broker pricing is used mainly when a quoted price is not available, the investment is not priced by our pricing vendors, or when a broker price is more reflective of fair values in the market in which the investment trades. Our broker-priced investments are generally labeled as Level 2 investments because the broker prices these investments based on similar assets without applying significant adjustments. In addition, all of our broker-priced investments have a sufficient level of trading volume to demonstrate that the fair values used are appropriate for these investments. Our fair value processes include controls that are designed to ensure appropriate fair values are recorded. These controls include model validation, review of key model inputs, analysis of period-over-period fluctuations, and independent recalculation of prices where appropriate.

Cash Flows

Cash flows from operations increased $2.9 billion to $23.9 billion for the nine months ended March 31, 2012 due mainly to increased revenue and cash collections. Cash used in financing increased $1.0 billion to $7.0 billion due mainly to a $6.0 billion net decrease in proceeds from issuances of debt and an $877 million increase in dividends paid, offset in part by a $6.3 billion decrease in cash used for common stock repurchases. Cash used in investing increased $6.5 billion to $20.1 billion due mainly to a $9.5 billion increase in acquisitions of businesses and purchases of intangible assets and a $1.1 billion decrease in cash from securities lending activities, partially offset by a $4.1 billion increase in cash provided by net purchases, maturities, and sales of investments.

Debt

We issued debt in prior periods to take advantage of favorable pricing and liquidity in the debt markets, reflecting our credit rating and the low interest rate environment. The proceeds of these issuances were used to partially fund discretionary business acquisitions and share repurchases.

As of March 31, 2012, the total carrying value and estimated fair value of our long-term debt, including convertible debt, were $11.9 billion and $13.0 billion, respectively. This is compared to a carrying value and estimated fair value of $11.9 billion and $12.1 billion, respectively, as of June 30, 2011. The estimated fair value is based on Level 2 inputs.

 

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The components of long-term debt, the associated interest rates, and the semi-annual interest record and payment dates were as follows as of March 31, 2012:

 

Due Date    Face Value    

Stated
Interest

Rate

   

Effective
Interest

Rate

   

Interest

Record Date

    

Interest

Pay Date

    

Interest

Record Date

    

Interest

Pay Date

 


     (In millions)                                         
Notes                                              

September 27, 2013

   $      1,000        0.875     1.000     March 15         March 27         September 15         September 27   

June 1, 2014

     2,000        2.950     3.049     May 15         June 1         November 15         December 1   

September 25, 2015

     1,750        1.625     1.795     March 15         March 25         September 15         September 25   

February 8, 2016

     750        2.500     2.642     February 1         February 8         August 1         August 8   

June 1, 2019

     1,000        4.200     4.379     May 15         June 1         November 15         December 1   

October 1, 2020

     1,000        3.000     3.137     March 15         April 1         September 15         October 1   

February 8, 2021

     500        4.000     4.082     February 1         February 8         August 1         August 8   

June 1, 2039

     750        5.200     5.240     May 15         June 1         November 15         December 1   

October 1, 2040

     1,000        4.500     4.567     March 15         April 1         September 15         October 1   

February 8, 2041

     1,000        5.300     5.361     February 1         February 8         August 1         August 8   


                                                  

Total

     10,750                                                      
Convertible Debt                                              

June 15, 2013

     1,250        0.000     1.849                                   

Total unamortized discount

     (62                                                   


                                                  

Total

   $ 11,938                                                      
    


                                                  

Notes

The Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally with our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt outstanding.

Convertible Debt

In June 2010, we issued $1.25 billion of zero coupon convertible unsecured debt due on June 15, 2013 in a private placement offering. Proceeds from the offering were $1.24 billion, net of fees and expenses, which were capitalized. Each $1,000 principal amount of notes is convertible into 29.94 shares of Microsoft common stock at a conversion price of $33.40 per share. As of March 31, 2012, the net carrying amount of our convertible debt was $1.2 billion and the unamortized discount was $24 million.

Prior to March 15, 2013, the notes will be convertible, only in certain circumstances, into cash and, if applicable, cash, shares of Microsoft’s common stock, or a combination thereof, at our election. On or after March 15, 2013, the notes will be convertible at any time. Upon conversion, we will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the notes and pay or deliver cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election.

Because the convertible debt may be wholly or partially settled in cash, we are required to separately account for the liability and equity components of the notes in a manner that reflects our nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest costs are recognized in subsequent periods. The net proceeds of $1.24 billion were allocated between debt for $1.18 billion and stockholders’ equity for $58 million with the portion in stockholders’ equity representing the fair value of the option to convert the debt.

In connection with the issuance of the notes, we entered into capped call transactions with certain option counterparties who are initial purchasers of the notes or their affiliates. The capped call transactions are expected to reduce potential dilution of earnings per share upon conversion of the notes. Under the capped call transactions, we purchased from the option counterparties capped call options that in the aggregate relate to the total number of shares of our common stock underlying the notes, with a strike price equal to the conversion price of the notes and with a cap price equal to $37.16. The purchased capped calls were valued at $40 million and recorded to stockholders’ equity.

 

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Unearned Revenue

Unearned revenue at March 31, 2012 comprised mainly unearned revenue from volume licensing programs. Unearned revenue from volume licensing programs represents customer billings for multi-year licensing arrangements paid for either at inception of the agreement or annually at the beginning of each billing coverage period and accounted for as subscriptions with revenue recognized ratably over the billing coverage period. Unearned revenue at March 31, 2012 also included payments for: post-delivery support and consulting services to be performed in the future; Xbox LIVE subscriptions and prepaid points; Microsoft Dynamics business solutions products; Skype prepaid credit and subscriptions; OEM minimum commitments; unspecified upgrades/enhancements of Windows Phone and of Microsoft Internet Explorer on a when-and-if-available basis for Windows XP; and other offerings for which we have been paid in advance and earn the revenue when we provide the service or software, or otherwise meet the revenue recognition criteria.

The following table outlines the expected future recognition of unearned revenue as of March 31, 2012:

 

(In millions)              


Three Months Ending,              

June 30, 2012

                            $ 6,217   

September 30, 2012

              3,921   

December 31, 2012

              2,726   

March 31, 2013

              1,065   

Thereafter

              1,262   


Total

            $   15,191   
             


Share Repurchases

During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2012, we repurchased approximately 31 million and 109 million shares of Microsoft common stock for $1.0 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, under the repurchase plan we announced on September 22, 2008. All repurchases were made using cash resources. As of March 31, 2012, approximately $9.2 billion remained of the $40.0 billion approved repurchase amount. The repurchase program expires September 30, 2013 but may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.

Dividends

Our Board of Directors declared the following dividends during the periods presented:

 

Declaration Date    Dividend
Per Share
     Record Date      Total Amount      Payment Date  


                   (in millions)         
Fiscal Year 2012                            

September 20, 2011

   $      0.20         November 17, 2011       $      1,683         December 8, 2011   

December 14, 2011

   $ 0.20         February 16, 2012       $ 1,683         March 8, 2012   

March 13, 2012

   $ 0.20         May 17, 2012       $ 1,680         June 14, 2012   
Fiscal Year 2011                            

September 21, 2010

   $ 0.16         November 18, 2010       $ 1,363         December 9, 2010   

December 15, 2010

   $ 0.16         February 17, 2011       $ 1,349         March 10, 2011   

March 14, 2011

   $ 0.16         May 19, 2011       $ 1,350         June 9, 2011   

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We provide indemnifications of varying scope and size to certain customers against claims of intellectual property infringement made by third parties arising from the use of our products and certain other matters. In evaluating estimated losses on these indemnifications, we consider factors such as the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and our ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. To date, we have not encountered significant costs as a result of these obligations and have not accrued in our financial statements any liabilities related to these indemnifications.

 

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Other Planned Uses of Capital

We will continue to invest in sales, marketing, product support infrastructure, and existing and advanced areas of technology. Additions to property and equipment will continue, including new facilities, data centers, and computer systems for research and development, sales and marketing, support, and administrative staff. We have operating leases for most U.S. and international sales and support offices and certain equipment. We have not engaged in any related party transactions or arrangements with unconsolidated entities or other persons that are reasonably likely to materially affect liquidity or the availability of capital resources.

Definitive Agreement with AOL

On April 9, 2012, Microsoft announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement with AOL Inc. (“AOL”) to acquire over 800 of AOL’s patents and related patent applications and to license on a non-exclusive basis AOL’s retained patent portfolio for $1.1 billion in cash. The transaction is expected to be completed by the end of 2012, upon the satisfaction of customary conditions and regulatory approvals.

Liquidity

We earn a significant amount of our operating income outside the U.S., which is deemed to be permanently reinvested in foreign jurisdictions. As a result, as discussed above under Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments, the majority of our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments are held by foreign subsidiaries. We currently do not intend nor foresee a need to repatriate these funds. We expect existing domestic cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and cash flows from operations to continue to be sufficient to fund our domestic operating activities and cash commitments for investing and financing activities, such as regular quarterly dividends, debt repayment schedules, and material capital expenditures, for at least the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future. In addition, we expect existing foreign cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and cash flows from operations to continue to be sufficient to fund our foreign operating activities and cash commitments for investing activities, such as material capital expenditures, for at least the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future.

Should we require more capital in the U.S. than is generated by our operations domestically, for example to fund significant discretionary activities, such as business acquisitions and share repurchases, we could elect to repatriate future earnings from foreign jurisdictions or raise capital in the U.S. through debt or equity issuances. These alternatives could result in higher effective tax rates, increased interest expense, or other dilution of our earnings. We have borrowed funds domestically and continue to have the ability to do so at reasonable interest rates.

RECENT ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

On July 1, 2011, we adopted guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) on disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements. The guidance requires the disclosure of roll-forward activities on purchases, sales, issuance, and settlements of the assets and liabilities measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair value measurements). Adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

On January 1, 2012, we adopted guidance issued by the FASB on accounting and disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements. The guidance limits the highest-and-best-use measure to nonfinancial assets, permits certain financial assets and liabilities with offsetting positions in market or counterparty credit risks to be measured at a net basis, and provides guidance on the applicability of premiums and discounts. Additionally, the guidance expands the disclosures on Level 3 inputs by requiring quantitative disclosure of the unobservable inputs and assumptions, as well as description of the valuation processes and the sensitivity of the fair value to changes in unobservable inputs. Adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

 

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Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted

In December 2011, the FASB issued guidance enhancing disclosure requirements about the nature of an entity’s right to offset and related arrangements associated with its financial instruments and derivative instruments. The new guidance requires the disclosure of the gross amounts subject to rights of set-off, amounts offset in accordance with the accounting standards followed, and the related net exposure. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning July 1, 2013. Other than requiring additional disclosures, we do not anticipate material impacts on our financial statements upon adoption.

In September 2011, the FASB issued guidance on testing goodwill for impairment. The new guidance provides an entity the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If an entity determines that this is the case, it is required to perform the currently prescribed two-step goodwill impairment test to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized for that reporting unit (if any). If an entity determines the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, the two-step goodwill impairment test is not required. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning July 1, 2012.

In June 2011, the FASB issued guidance on presentation of comprehensive income. The new guidance eliminates the current option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. Instead, an entity will be required to present either a continuous statement of net income and other comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. This portion of the guidance will be effective for us beginning July 1, 2012 and will require financial statement presentation changes only. The new guidance also required entities to present reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component in both the statement in which net income is presented and the statement in which other comprehensive income is presented. However, in December 2011, the FASB issued guidance which indefinitely defers the guidance related to the presentation of reclassification adjustments.

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are affected by management’s application of accounting policies. Critical accounting policies for us include revenue recognition, impairment of investment securities, goodwill, research and development costs, contingencies, income taxes, and stock-based compensation.

Revenue Recognition

Software revenue recognition requires judgment, including whether a software arrangement includes multiple elements, and if so, whether vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value exists for those elements. A portion of revenue may be recorded as unearned due to undelivered elements. Changes to the elements in a software arrangement, the ability to identify VSOE for those elements, and the fair value of the respective elements could materially impact the amount of earned and unearned revenue. Judgment is also required to assess whether future releases of certain software represent new products or upgrades and enhancements to existing products.

Impairment of Investment Securities

Investments are reviewed quarterly for indicators of other-than-temporary impairment. This determination requires significant judgment. In making this judgment, we employ a systematic methodology quarterly that considers available quantitative and qualitative evidence in evaluating potential impairment of our investments. If the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, we evaluate, among other factors, general market conditions, credit quality of debt instrument issuers, the duration and extent to which the fair value is less than cost, and for equity securities, our intent and ability to hold, or plans to sell, the investment. For fixed-income securities, we also evaluate whether we have plans to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery. We also consider specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of and business outlook for the investee, including industry and sector performance, changes in technology, and operational and financing cash flow factors. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded to other income (expense) and a new cost basis in the investment is established. If market, industry, and/or investee conditions deteriorate, we may incur future impairments.

 

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Goodwill

We allocate goodwill to reporting units based on the reporting unit expected to benefit from the business combination. We evaluate our reporting units on an annual basis and, if necessary, reassign goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment) on an annual basis (May 1 for us) and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit.

Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each reporting unit. The fair value of each reporting unit is estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology. This analysis requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital. Among our reporting units, the fair value of OSD has been the closest to its carrying value and is most sensitive to changes in assumptions. We will continue to monitor OSD as we complete our annual planning process and evaluate results. We will be conducting our annual goodwill impairment test as of May 1, 2012. As of the date of our most recent goodwill impairment test, May 1, 2011, OSD’s fair value exceeded its carrying value by 21%. The carrying value of OSD’s goodwill was $6.4 billion as of March 31, 2012.

The estimates used to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit change from year to year based on operating results, market conditions, and other factors. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and goodwill impairment for each reporting unit.

Research and Development Costs

Costs incurred internally in researching and developing a computer software product are charged to expense until technological feasibility has been established for the product. Once technological feasibility is established, all software costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. Judgment is required in determining when technological feasibility of a product is established. We have determined that technological feasibility for our software products is reached after all high-risk development issues have been resolved through coding and testing. Generally, this occurs shortly before the products are released to manufacturing. The amortization of these costs is included in cost of revenue over the estimated life of the products.

Legal and Other Contingencies

The outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought against us are subject to significant uncertainty. An estimated loss from a loss contingency such as a legal proceeding or claim is accrued by a charge to income if it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Disclosure of a contingency is required if there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss has been incurred. In determining whether a loss should be accrued we evaluate, among other factors, the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. Changes in these factors could materially impact our financial statements.

Income Taxes

The objectives of accounting for income taxes are to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in an entity’s financial statements or tax returns. We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Accounting literature also provides guidance on derecognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and income tax disclosures. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. Variations in the actual outcome of these future tax consequences could materially impact our financial statements.

 

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Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date requires judgment, including estimating expected dividends. In addition, judgment is also required in estimating the amount of stock-based awards that are expected to be forfeited. If actual results differ significantly from these estimates, stock-based compensation expense and our results of operations could be impacted.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

RISKS

We are exposed to economic risk from foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, credit risk, equity prices, and commodity prices. A portion of these risks is hedged, but they may impact our financial statements.

Foreign Currency

Certain forecasted transactions, assets, and liabilities are exposed to foreign currency risk. We monitor our foreign currency exposures daily and use hedges where practicable to offset the risks and maximize the economic effectiveness of our foreign currency positions. Principal currencies hedged include the euro, Japanese yen, British pound, and Canadian dollar.

Interest Rate

Our fixed-income portfolio is diversified across credit sectors and maturities, consisting primarily of investment-grade securities. The credit risk and average maturity of the fixed-income portfolio is managed to achieve economic returns that correlate to certain global and domestic fixed-income indices. In addition, we use “To Be Announced” forward purchase commitments of mortgage-backed assets to gain exposure to agency and mortgage-backed securities.

Equity

Our equity portfolio consists of global, developed, and emerging market securities that are subject to market price risk. We manage the securities relative to certain global and domestic indices and expect their economic risk and return to correlate with these indices.

Commodity

We use broad-based commodity exposures to enhance portfolio returns and facilitate portfolio diversification. Our investment portfolio has exposure to a variety of commodities, including precious metals, energy, and grain. We manage these exposures relative to global commodity indices and expect their economic risk and return to correlate with these indices.

VALUE-AT-RISK

We use a value-at-risk (“VaR”) model to estimate and quantify our market risks. VaR is the expected loss, for a given confidence level, in the fair value of our portfolio due to adverse market movements over a defined time horizon. The VaR model is not intended to represent actual losses in fair value, including determinations of other-than-temporary losses in fair value in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), but is used as a risk estimation and management tool. The distribution of the potential changes in total market value of all holdings is computed based on the historical volatilities and correlations among foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, equity prices, and commodity prices, assuming normal market conditions.

The VaR is calculated as the total loss that will not be exceeded at the 97.5 percentile confidence level or, alternatively stated, the losses could exceed the VaR in 25 out of 1,000 cases. Several risk factors are not captured in the model, including liquidity risk, operational risk, and legal risk.

 

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The following table sets forth the one-day VaR for substantially all of our positions as of March 31, 2012 and June 30, 2011 and for the three months ended March 31, 2012:

 

(In millions)                                     


       March 31,
2012
     June 30,
2011
    

Three Months Ended

March 31,

2012

 
                        


Risk Categories                    Average      High      Low  

Foreign currency

       $  141       $     86       $   155       $   168       $   141   

Interest rate

       $    71       $     58       $     65       $     73       $     59   

Equity

       $  182       $   212       $   175       $   184       $   159   

Commodity

       $    19       $     28       $     19       $     20       $     18   


Total one-day VaR for the combined risk categories was $308 million at March 31, 2012 and $290 million at June 30, 2011. The total VaR is 26% less at March 31, 2012, and 25% less at June 30, 2011, than the sum of the separate risk categories in the above table due to the diversification benefit of the combination of risks.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2012 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Note 15 – Contingencies of the Notes to Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) for information about certain legal proceedings in which we are involved.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described below, that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the trading price of our common stock.

The cloud-based computing model presents execution and competitive risks.    We are transitioning our strategy to a computing environment characterized by cloud-based services used with smart client devices. Our competitors are rapidly developing and deploying cloud-based services for consumers and business customers. Pricing and delivery models are evolving. Devices and form factors influence how users access services in the cloud. We are devoting significant resources to develop and deploy our own competing cloud-based software plus services strategies. While we believe our expertise, investments in infrastructure, and the breadth of our cloud-based services provides us with a strong foundation to compete, it is uncertain whether our strategies will attract the users or generate the revenue required to be successful. In addition to software development costs, we are incurring costs to build and maintain infrastructure to support cloud computing services. These costs may reduce the operating margins we have previously achieved. Whether we are successful in this new business model depends on our execution in a number of areas, including:

 

   

continuing to innovate and bring to market compelling cloud-based experiences that generate increasing traffic and market share;

 

   

maintaining the utility, compatibility, and performance of our cloud-based services on the growing array of computing devices, including PCs, smartphones, handheld computers, netbooks, tablets, and television-related devices;

 

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continuing to enhance the attractiveness of our cloud platforms to third-party developers; and

 

   

ensuring that our cloud services meet the reliability expectations of our customers and maintain the security of their data.

Challenges to our business models may reduce our revenue or operating margins.    Whether our software runs in the cloud or on a device, we continue to face challenges from alternative means of developing and licensing software. Under our license-based software model, software developers bear the costs of converting original ideas into software products through investments in research and development, offsetting these costs with the revenue received from distribution of their products. Certain “open source” software business models challenge our license-based software model. Open source commonly refers to software whose source code is subject to a license allowing it to be modified, combined with other software and redistributed, subject to restrictions set forth in the license. Some companies compete with us using an open source business model by modifying and then distributing open source software to end users at nominal cost and earning revenue on complementary services and products. These firms do not bear the full costs of research and development for the software. In some cases, their products may infringe our patents. In addition, advertising-based business models seek revenue by delivering third party advertisements to end customers who receive the software and services at no direct cost. Gains in market acceptance of open source or advertising based software may adversely affect our sales, revenue, and operating margins.

An important element of our business model has been to create platform-based ecosystems on which many participants can build diverse solutions. A competing vertically-integrated model, in which a single firm controls both the software and hardware elements of a product, has been successful with some consumer products such as personal computers, mobile phones, and digital music players. We also offer vertically-integrated hardware and software products; however, efforts to compete with the vertically integrated model may increase our cost of sales and reduce our operating margins.

We derive substantial revenue from licenses of Windows operating systems on personal computers. The proliferation of alternative devices and form factors creates challenges from competing software platforms. It is uncertain to what extent alternative devices will increase the number of computing devices that users own, or will substitute for users’ personal computer purchases. Alternative devices also run operating systems and applications developed by our competitors. These factors could impact our revenue and operating margins.

We face intense competition.    We continue to experience intense competition across all markets for our products and services. Our competitors range in size from Fortune 100 companies to small, specialized single-product businesses and open source community-based projects. Although we believe the breadth of our businesses and portfolio of products and services is a competitive advantage, our competitors that are focused on narrower product lines may be more effective in devoting technical, marketing, and financial resources to compete with us. In addition, barriers to entry in our businesses generally are low and products, once developed, can be distributed broadly and quickly at relatively low cost. Open source software vendors are devoting considerable efforts to developing software that mimics the features and functionality of our products, in some cases in violation of our intellectual property rights or on the basis of technical specifications for Microsoft technologies that we make available at little or no cost in connection with our interoperability initiatives. In response to competition, we continue to develop versions of our products with basic functionality that are sold at lower prices than the standard versions. These competitive pressures may result in decreased sales volumes, price reductions, and/or increased operating costs, such as for marketing and sales incentives, resulting in lower revenue, gross margins, and operating income.

We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property rights.    Protecting our global intellectual property rights and combating unlicensed copying and use of software and other intellectual property is difficult. While piracy adversely affects U.S. revenue, the impact on revenue from outside the U.S. is more significant, particularly in countries where laws are less protective of intellectual property rights. As a result, our revenue in these markets may grow slower than the underlying PC market. Similarly, the absence of harmonized patent laws makes it more difficult to ensure consistent respect for patent rights. Throughout the world, we actively educate consumers about the benefits of licensing genuine products and obtaining indemnification benefits for intellectual property risks, and we educate lawmakers about the advantages of a business climate where intellectual property rights are protected. However, continued educational and enforcement efforts may fail to enhance revenue. Reductions in the legal protection for software intellectual property rights could adversely affect revenue.

Third parties may claim we infringe their intellectual property rights.    From time to time, we receive notices from others claiming we infringe their intellectual property rights. Because of constant technological change in the segments in which we compete, the extensive patent coverage of existing technologies, and the rapid rate of issuance of new patents, it is possible the number of these claims may grow. To resolve these claims we may enter into royalty and licensing

 

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agreements on terms that are less favorable than currently available, stop selling or redesign affected products, or pay damages to satisfy indemnification commitments with our customers. These outcomes may cause operating margins to decline. In addition to money damages, in some jurisdictions plaintiffs can seek injunctive relief that may limit or prevent importing, marketing, and selling our products that have infringing technologies. In some countries, such as Germany, an injunction can be issued before the parties have fully litigated the validity of the underlying patents. We have made and expect to continue making significant expenditures to settle claims related to the use of technology and intellectual property rights as part of our strategy to manage this risk.

We may not be able to protect our source code from copying if there is an unauthorized disclosure of source code.    Source code, the detailed program commands for our operating systems and other software programs, is critical to our business. Although we license portions of our application and operating system source code to a number of licensees, we take significant measures to protect the secrecy of large portions of our source code. If an unauthorized disclosure of a significant portion of our source code occurs, we could potentially lose future trade secret protection for that source code. This could make it easier for third parties to compete with our products by copying functionality, which could adversely affect our revenue and operating margins. Unauthorized disclosure of source code also could increase the security risks described in the next paragraph.

Security vulnerabilities could lead to reduced revenue, liability claims, or competitive harm.    Maintaining the security of computers and computer networks is paramount for us and our customers. Hackers develop and deploy viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs that attack our products and services and gain access to our networks and data centers. Although this is an industry-wide problem that affects computers across all platforms, it affects our products and services in particular because hackers tend to focus their efforts on the most popular operating systems, programs, and services, and we expect them to continue to do so. Groups of hackers may also act in a coordinated manner to launch distributed denial of service attacks, or other coordinated attacks, that may cause service outages or other interruptions. We devote significant resources to address security vulnerabilities through:

 

   

engineering more secure products and services;

 

   

enhancing security and reliability features in our products and services, and continuously evaluating and updating those security and reliability features;

 

   

helping our customers make the best use of our products and services to protect against computer viruses and other attacks;

 

   

improving the deployment of software updates to address security vulnerabilities;

 

   

investing in mitigation technologies that help to secure customers from attacks even when such software updates are not deployed; and

 

   

providing customers online automated security tools, published security guidance, and security software such as firewalls and anti-virus software.

We also devote significant resources to protect the digital security infrastructure that ensures the integrity of our products and services. The cost of these steps could reduce our operating margins. Despite these efforts, actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in our products and services could cause significant reputational harm and lead some customers to seek to return products, to reduce or delay future purchases or adoption of services, or to use competing products. Customers may also increase their expenditures on protecting their existing computer systems from attack, which could delay adoption of new technologies. Any of these actions by customers could adversely affect our revenue. Actual or perceived vulnerabilities may lead to claims against us. Although our license agreements typically contain provisions that eliminate or limit our exposure to such liability, there is no assurance these provisions will withstand all legal challenges.

In addition, our internal information technology environment continues to evolve. We are often early adopters of new devices and technologies. We embrace new ways of sharing data and communicating with partners and customers using methods such as social networking. These practices can enhance efficiency and business insight, but they also present risks that our business policies and internal security controls may not keep pace with the speed of these changes. If third parties gain access to our networks or data centers, they could obtain and exploit confidential business information and harm our competitive position.

Improper disclosure of personal data could result in liability and harm our reputation.    As we continue to execute our strategy of increasing the number and scale of our cloud-based offerings, we store and process increasingly large amounts of personally identifiable information of our customers. At the same time, the continued occurrence of high-profile data breaches provides evidence of an external environment increasingly hostile to information security. This environment demands that we continuously improve our design and coordination of security controls across our business groups and

 

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geographies. Despite these efforts, it is possible our security controls over personal data, our training of employees and vendors on data security, and other practices we follow may not prevent the improper disclosure of personally identifiable information. Improper disclosure of this information could harm our reputation, lead to legal exposure to customers, or subject us to liability under laws that protect personal data, resulting in increased costs or loss of revenue. Our software products and services also enable our customers to store and process personal data on premises or, increasingly, in a cloud-based environment we host. We believe consumers using our email, messaging, storage, sharing, and social networking services will increasingly want efficient, centralized methods of choosing their privacy preferences and controlling their data. Perceptions that our products or services do not adequately protect the privacy of personal information could inhibit sales of our products or services, and could constrain consumer and business adoption of cloud-based solutions.

We may experience outages, data losses, and disruptions of our online services if we fail to maintain an adequate operations infrastructure.    Our increasing user traffic and complexity of our products and services demand more computing power. We have spent and expect to continue to spend substantial amounts to purchase or lease data centers and equipment and to upgrade our technology and network infrastructure to handle increased traffic on our Web sites and in our data centers, and to introduce new products and services and support existing services such as Bing, Exchange Online, Office 365, SharePoint Online, Xbox LIVE, Windows Azure, Windows Live, and Microsoft Office Web Apps. We also are growing our business of providing a platform and back-end hosting for services provided by third-party businesses to their end customers. Maintaining and expanding this infrastructure is expensive and complex. Inefficiencies or operational failures, including temporary or permanent loss of customer data, could diminish the quality of our products, services, and user experience resulting in contractual liability, claims by customers and other third parties, damage to our reputation and loss of current and potential users, subscribers, and advertisers, each of which may harm our operating results and financial condition.

We are subject to government litigation and regulatory activity that affects how we design and market our products.    As a leading global software maker, we receive close scrutiny from government agencies under U.S. and foreign competition laws. Some jurisdictions also provide private rights of action for competitors or consumers to assert claims of anti-competitive conduct. For example, we have been involved in the following actions.

Lawsuits brought by the U.S. Department of Justice, 18 states, and the District of Columbia in two separate actions were resolved through a Consent Decree that took effect in 2001 and a Final Judgment entered in 2002. These proceedings imposed various constraints on our Windows operating system businesses. These constraints included limits on certain contracting practices, mandated disclosure of certain software program interfaces and protocols, and rights for computer manufacturers to limit the visibility of certain Windows features in new PCs. Although the Consent Decree and Final Judgment expired in May 2011, we expect that federal and state antitrust authorities will continue to closely scrutinize our business.

The European Commission closely scrutinizes the design of high-volume Microsoft products and the terms on which we make certain technologies used in these products, such as file formats, programming interfaces, and protocols, available to other companies. In 2004, the Commission ordered us to create new versions of Windows that do not include certain multimedia technologies and to provide our competitors with specifications for how to implement certain proprietary Windows communications protocols in their own products. In 2009, the Commission accepted a set of commitments offered by Microsoft to address the Commission’s concerns relating to competition in Web browsing software. The Commission’s impact on product design may limit our ability to innovate in Windows or other products in the future, diminish the developer appeal of the Windows platform, and increase our product development costs. The availability of licenses related to protocols and file formats may enable competitors to develop software products that better mimic the functionality of our own products which could result in decreased sales of our products.

Government regulatory actions and court decisions such as these may hinder our ability to provide the benefits of our software to consumers and businesses, thereby reducing the attractiveness of our products and the revenue that come from them. New actions could be initiated at any time, either by these or other governments or private claimants, including with respect to new versions of Windows or other Microsoft products. The outcome of such actions, or steps taken to avoid them, could adversely affect us in a variety of ways, including:

 

   

We may have to choose between withdrawing products from certain geographies to avoid fines or designing and developing alternative versions of those products to comply with government rulings, which may entail a delay in a product release and removing functionality that customers want or on which developers rely.

 

   

We may be required to make available licenses to our proprietary technologies on terms that do not reflect their fair market value or do not protect our associated intellectual property.

 

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The rulings described above may be used as precedent in other competition law proceedings.

Our products and online services offerings, including new technologies we develop or acquire such as Skype, are subject to government regulation in some jurisdictions, including in areas of user privacy, telecommunications, data protection, and online content. The application of these laws and regulations to our business is often unclear, subject to change over time, and sometimes may conflict from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Additionally these laws and governments’ approach to their enforcement, as well as our products and services, are continuing to evolve. Compliance with these types of regulation may involve significant costs or require changes in products or business practices that result in reduced revenue. Noncompliance could result in penalties being imposed on us or orders that we stop the alleged noncompliant activity.

Our business depends on our ability to attract and retain talented employees.    Our business is based on successfully attracting and retaining talented employees. The market for highly skilled workers and leaders in our industry is extremely competitive. We are limited in our ability to recruit internationally by restrictive domestic immigration laws. If we are less successful in our recruiting efforts, or if we are unable to retain key employees, our ability to develop and deliver successful products and services may be adversely affected. Effective succession planning is also important to our long-term success. Failure to ensure effective transfer of knowledge and smooth transitions involving key employees could hinder our strategic planning and execution.

Delays in product development schedules may adversely affect our revenue.    The development of software products is a complex and time-consuming process. New products and enhancements to existing products can require long development and testing periods. Our increasing focus on cloud-based software plus services also presents new and complex development issues. Significant delays in new product or service releases or significant problems in creating new products or services could adversely affect our revenue.

We make significant investments in new products and services that may not be profitable.    Our growth depends on our ability to innovate by offering new, and adding value to our existing, software and service offerings. We will continue to make significant investments in research, development, and marketing for existing products, services, and technologies, including the Windows PC operating system, the Microsoft Office system, Bing, Windows Phone, Windows Server, Windows Live, the Windows Azure Services platform, Office 365 and other cloud-based services offerings, and the Xbox 360 entertainment platform. We will also continue to invest in new software and hardware products, services, and technologies. Investments in new technology are speculative. Commercial success depends on many factors, including innovativeness, developer support, and effective distribution and marketing. Our degree of success with Windows Phone, for example, will impact our ability to grow our share of the smartphone operating system market. It will also be an important factor in supporting our strategy of delivering value to end users seamlessly over a variety of form factors including PC, phone, and TV device classes. If customers do not perceive our latest offerings as providing significant new functionality or other value, they may reduce their purchases of new software products or upgrades, unfavorably impacting revenue. We may not achieve significant revenue from new product and service investments for a number of years, if at all. Moreover, new products and services may not be profitable, and even if they are profitable, operating margins for new products and businesses may not be as high as the margins we have experienced historically.

Adverse economic conditions may harm our business.    Unfavorable changes in economic conditions, including inflation, recession, or other changes in economic conditions, may result in lower information technology spending and adversely affect our revenue. If demand for PCs, servers, and other computing devices declines, or consumer or business spending for those products declines, our revenue will be adversely affected. Our product distribution system also relies on an extensive partner network. The impact of economic conditions on our partners, such as the bankruptcy of a major distributor, could result in sales channel disruption. Challenging economic conditions also may impair the ability of our customers to pay for products and services they have purchased. As a result, reserves for doubtful accounts and write-offs of accounts receivable may increase. We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types, and maturities. These investments are subject to general credit, liquidity, market, and interest rate risks, which may be exacerbated by unusual events that have affected global financial markets. A significant part of our investment portfolio consists of U.S. government securities. If global credit and equity markets experience prolonged periods of decline, or if there is a downgrade of U.S. government debt, our investment portfolio may be adversely impacted and we could determine that more of our investments have experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value, requiring impairment charges that could adversely impact our financial results.

We have claims and lawsuits against us that may result in adverse outcomes.    We are subject to a variety of claims and lawsuits. Adverse outcomes in some or all of these claims may result in significant monetary damages or injunctive relief that could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business. Although management currently believes resolving all

 

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of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on our financial statements, the litigation and other claims are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. A material adverse impact on our financial statements also could occur for the period in which the effect of an unfavorable final outcome becomes probable and reasonably estimable.

We may have additional tax liabilities.    We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and many foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We regularly are under audit by tax authorities. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from our historical income tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit or litigation could have a material effect on our financial statements in the period or periods for which that determination is made.

We earn a significant amount of our operating income from outside the U.S., and any repatriation of funds currently held in foreign jurisdictions may result in higher effective tax rates for the company. In addition, there have been proposals to change U.S. tax laws that would significantly impact how U.S. multinational corporations are taxed on foreign earnings. Although we cannot predict whether or in what form any proposed legislation may pass, if enacted it could have a material adverse impact on our tax expense and cash flow.

Our vertically-integrated hardware and software products may experience quality or supply problems.    Our hardware products such as the Xbox 360 console and other hardware devices we design and market are highly complex and can have defects in design, manufacture, or associated software. We could incur significant expenses, lost revenue, and reputational harm if we fail to detect or effectively address such issues through design, testing, or warranty repairs. We obtain some components of our hardware devices from sole suppliers. If a component delivery from a sole-source supplier is delayed or becomes unavailable or industry shortages occur, we may be unable to obtain timely replacement supplies, resulting in reduced sales. Either component shortages or excess or obsolete inventory may increase our cost of revenue. Xbox 360 consoles are assembled in Asia; disruptions in the supply chain may result in console shortages that would affect our revenue and operating margins. These same risks would apply to any other vertically-integrated hardware and software products we may offer.

If our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets become impaired we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.    Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), we review our amortizable intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances, indicating that the carrying value of our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets may not be recoverable, include a decline in stock price and market capitalization, reduced future cash flow estimates, and slower growth rates in our industry. We may be required to record a significant charge in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets is determined, negatively impacting our results of operations.

We operate a global business that exposes us to additional risks.    We operate in over 100 countries and a significant part of our revenue comes from international sales. Pressure to make our pricing structure uniform might require that we reduce the sales price of our software in the U.S. and other countries. Operations outside the U.S. may be affected by changes in trade protection laws, policies and measures, and other regulatory requirements affecting trade and investment, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and local laws prohibiting corrupt payments by our employees, vendors, or agents. Emerging markets are a significant focus of our international growth strategy. The developing nature of these markets presents a number of risks. Deterioration of social, political, labor, or economic conditions in a specific country or region, such as current uncertainties relating to European sovereign and other debt, and difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, may also adversely affect our operations or financial results. Although we hedge a portion of our international currency exposure, significant fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may adversely affect our net revenue.

Catastrophic events or geo-political conditions may disrupt our business.    A disruption or failure of our systems or operations in the event of a major earthquake, weather event, cyber-attack, terrorist attack, or other catastrophic event could cause delays in completing sales, providing services, or performing other mission-critical functions. Our corporate headquarters, a significant portion of our research and development activities, and certain other critical business operations are located in the Seattle, Washington area, and we have other business operations in the Silicon Valley area of California, both of which are near major earthquake faults. A catastrophic event that results in the destruction or disruption of any of our critical business or information technology systems could harm our ability to conduct normal business operations. Our move toward providing our customers with more services and solutions in the cloud puts a

 

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premium on the resilience of our systems and strength of our business continuity management plans, and magnifies the potential impact of prolonged outages on our operating results. Abrupt political change, terrorist activity, and armed conflict pose a risk of general economic disruption in affected countries, which may increase our operating costs. These conditions also may add uncertainty to the timing and budget for technology investment decisions by our customers, and may result in supply chain disruptions for hardware manufacturers, either of which may adversely affect our revenue. The long-term effects of climate change on the global economy in general or the information technology industry in particular are unclear. Environmental regulations or changes in the supply, demand or available sources of energy may affect the availability or cost of goods and services, including natural resources, necessary to run our business. Changes in weather where we operate may increase the costs of powering and cooling computer hardware we use to develop software and provide cloud-based services. New regulations may require us to find alternative compliant and cost-effective methods of distributing our products and services.

Acquisitions, joint ventures and strategic alliances may have an adverse effect on our business.    We expect to continue making acquisitions or entering into joint ventures and strategic alliances as part of our long-term business strategy. These transactions involve significant challenges and risks including that the transaction does not advance our business strategy, that we don’t realize a satisfactory return on our investment, or that we experience difficulty integrating new employees, business systems, and technology, or diversion of management’s attention from our other businesses. Our recent acquisition of Skype, for example, provides opportunities to enhance our existing products. The success of our integration of Skype will depend in part on our ability to create innovative and compelling experiences that distinguish us from our competitors in both consumer and business markets. It may take longer than expected to realize the full benefits from these transactions, such as increased revenue, enhanced efficiencies, or market share, or those benefits may ultimately be smaller than anticipated, or may not be realized. These events could harm our operating results or financial condition.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Items 2(a) and (b) are not applicable.

(c) STOCK REPURCHASES

 

Period    (a) Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
   

(b) Average

Price Paid
per Share

    (c) Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
   

(d) Approximate Dollar Value of

Shares that May Yet be

Purchased under the Plans
or Programs

 


                                     (in millions)  

January 1, 2012 – January 31, 2012

                  0        $          0                         0        $  10,221   

February 1, 2012 – February 29, 2012

              13,360,900        $  31.05                 13,360,900        $    9,806   

March 1, 2012 – March 31, 2012

              18,053,801        $  32.41                 18,053,801        $    9,221   


                31,414,701                        31,414,701           
             


                  


       

During the third quarter of fiscal year 2012, we repurchased 31.4 million shares of Microsoft common stock for $1.0 billion using cash resources. The repurchases occurred in the open market and pursuant to a trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As of March 31, 2012, approximately $9.2 billion remained of our $40.0 billion repurchase program that we announced on September 22, 2008. The program expires September 30, 2013 but may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.

 

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

 

  10.5*    Microsoft Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan
  15    Letter regarding unaudited interim financial information
  31.1    Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  31.2    Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  32.1**    Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  32.2**    Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS    XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

 

*

Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

 

**

Furnished, not filed.

Items 3, 4, and 5 are not applicable and have been omitted.

 

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

MICROSOFT CORPORATION
/S/ FRANK H. BROD

Frank H. Brod

Corporate Vice President, Finance and Administration;

Chief Accounting Officer (Duly Authorized Officer)

April 19, 2012

 

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