UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
x | Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008
OR
¨ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-183
Registrant, State of Incorporation, Address and Telephone Number
THE HERSHEY COMPANY
(a Delaware corporation)
100 Crystal A Drive
Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
(717) 534-4200
I.R.S. Employer Identification Number 23-0691590
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class: |
Name of each exchange on which registered: | |
Common Stock, one dollar par value | New York Stock Exchange | |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: | Class B Common Stock, one dollar par value | |
(Title of class) |
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x |
Accelerated filer ¨ | |
Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Smaller reporting company ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
Common Stock, one dollar par value$4,964,867,108 as of June 29, 2008.
Class B Common Stock, one dollar par value$6,291,863 as of June 29, 2008. While the Class B Common Stock is not listed for public trading on any exchange or market system, shares of that class are convertible into shares of Common Stock at any time on a share-for-share basis. The market value indicated is calculated based on the closing price of the Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 29, 2008.
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrants classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date.
Common Stock, one dollar par value166,282,332 shares, as of February 11, 2009.
Class B Common Stock, one dollar par value60,710,908 shares, as of February 11, 2009.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Companys Proxy Statement for the Companys 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.
PART I
Item 1. BUSINESS
Company Overview
The Hershey Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on October 24, 1927 as a successor to a business founded in 1894 by Milton S. Hershey. In this report, the terms Company, we, us, or our mean The Hershey Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and entities in which it has a controlling financial interest, unless the context indicates otherwise.
We are the largest producer of quality chocolate in North America and a global leader in chocolate and sugar confectionery. Our principal product groups include chocolate and confectionery products; food and beverage enhancers, such as baking ingredients, toppings and beverages; and gum and mint refreshment products.
Reportable Segment
We operate as a single reportable segment in manufacturing, marketing, selling and distributing various package types of chocolate and confectionery products, food and beverage enhancers and gum and mint refreshment products under more than 80 brand names. Our five operating segments comprise geographic regions including the United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil and other international locations, such as India, the Philippines, Korea, Japan, and China. We market confectionery products in approximately 50 countries worldwide.
For segment reporting purposes, we aggregate our operations in the Americas, which comprise the United States, Canada, Mexico and Brazil. We base this aggregation on similar economic characteristics, and similar products and services, production processes, types or classes of customers, distribution methods, and the similar nature of the regulatory environment in each location. We aggregate our other international operations with the Americas to form one reportable segment. When combined, our other international operations share most of the aggregation criteria and represent less than 10% of consolidated revenues, operating profits and assets.
Selling and Marketing Organization
Our selling and marketing organization is comprised of Hershey North America, Hershey International and the Global Marketing Group. This organization is designed to:
| Leverage our marketing and sales leadership in the United States and Canada; |
| Focus on key strategic growth areas in global markets; and |
| Build capabilities that capitalize on unique consumer and customer trends. |
Hershey North America
Hershey North America has responsibility for continuing to build our chocolate and confectionery market position, while capitalizing on our scale in the U.S. and Canada. This organization leverages our ability to capitalize on the unique consumer and customer trends within each country. This includes developing and growing our business in our chocolate, sugar confectionery, refreshment, food and beverage enhancers, and food service product lines.
Hershey International
Hershey International markets confectionery products and food and beverage enhancers worldwide and has responsibility for pursuing profitable growth opportunities in key markets, primarily in Latin America and
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Asia. This organization is responsible for international subsidiaries that manufacture, import, market, sell or distribute chocolate, confectionery and beverage products in Mexico, Brazil and India. Hershey International manufactures confectionery products for the markets in Asia, particularly in China, under a manufacturing agreement with Lotte Confectionery Co., Ltd.
A component of Hershey International, International Marketing and Innovation, manages our Hersheys Shanghai retail attraction in Shanghai, China.
Global Marketing Group
Our Global Marketing Group has responsibility for building global brands, developing transformational growth platforms, brand positioning, and portfolio and pricing strategy. This organization also develops market-specific insights, strategies and platform innovation for Hershey North America and Hershey International.
A component of the Global Marketing Group, The Hershey Experience, manages our internet and catalog sales and our retail operations within the United States that include Hersheys Chocolate World in Hershey, Pennsylvania, Hersheys Times Square in New York, New York and Hersheys Chicago in Chicago, Illinois.
Products
United States
The primary chocolate and confectionery products we sell in the United States include the following:
Under the HERSHEYS brand franchise: |
||
HERSHEYS milk chocolate bar |
HERSHEYS BLISS chocolates | |
HERSHEYS milk chocolate bar with almonds |
HERSHEYS COOKIES N CRÈME candy bar | |
HERSHEYS Extra Dark chocolates |
HERSHEYS POT OF GOLD boxed chocolates | |
HERSHEYS MINIATURES chocolate candy |
HERSHEYS SUGAR FREE chocolate candy | |
HERSHEYS NUGGETS chocolates |
HERSHEYS HUGS candies | |
HERSHEYS STICKS chocolates |
||
Under the REESES brand franchise: |
||
REESES peanut butter cups |
REESES SUGAR FREE peanut butter cups | |
REESES PIECES candy |
REESES crispy crunchy bar | |
REESES BIG CUP peanut butter cups |
REESES WHIPPS nougat bar | |
REESES NUTRAGEOUS candy bar |
REESESTICKS wafer bars | |
REESES Clusters candy |
FAST BREAK candy bar | |
Under the KISSES brand franchise: |
||
HERSHEYS KISSES brand milk chocolates HERSHEYS KISSES brand milk chocolates with almonds HERSHEYS KISSES brand milk chocolates with cherry cordial crème |
HERSHEYS KISSES brand milk chocolates filled with caramel HERSHEYS KISSABLES brand candies | |
Our other chocolate and confectionery products in the United States include the following:
5th AVENUE candy bar ALMOND JOY candy bar CADBURY chocolates CARAMELLO candy bar |
MILK DUDS candy MOUNDS candy bar MR. GOODBAR candy bar PAYDAY peanut caramel bar |
TAKE5 candy bar TWIZZLERS candy WHATCHAMACALLIT |
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GOOD & PLENTY candy HEATH toffee bar JOLLY RANCHER candy JOLLY RANCHER sugar free hard candy KIT KAT wafer bar |
ROLO caramels in milk chocolate SKOR toffee bar SPECIAL DARK chocolate bar SYMPHONY milk chocolate bar SYMPHONY milk chocolate bar with almonds and toffee |
WHOPPERS malted milk balls YORK peppermint pattie YORK sugar free ZAGNUT candy bar ZERO candy bar |
We also sell products in the United States under the following product lines:
Premium products
Our line of premium chocolate and confectionery offerings includes CACAO RESERVE BY HERSHEYS chocolate bars and drinking cocoa mixes, and chocolate products under the STARBUCKS® brand. Artisan Confections Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Hershey Company, markets SCHARFFEN BERGER high-cacao dark chocolate products, JOSEPH SCHMIDT handcrafted chocolate gifts and DAGOBA natural and organic chocolate products.
Snack products
Our snack products include HERSHEYS SNACKSTERS snack mix; HERSHEYS, ALMOND JOY, REESES, and YORK cookies; HERSHEYS and REESES granola bars; and MAUNA LOA macadamia snack nuts and cookies in several varieties.
Refreshment products
Our line of refreshment products includes ICE BREAKERS mints and chewing gum, BREATH SAVERS mints, BUBBLE YUM bubble gum and YORK mints.
Food and beverage enhancers
Food and beverage enhancers include HERSHEYS BAKE SHOPPE, HERSHEYS, REESES, HEATH, and SCHARFFEN BERGER baking products. Our toppings and sundae syrups include HEATH and HERSHEYS. We sell hot cocoa mix under the HERSHEYS, HERSHEYS GOODNIGHT HUGS and HERSHEYS GOODNIGHT KISSES brand names.
Canada
Principal products we sell in Canada are HERSHEYS milk chocolate bars and milk chocolate bars with almonds; OH HENRY! candy bars; REESE PEANUT BUTTER CUPS candy; HERSHEYS KISSES candy bars; KISSABLES brand candies; TWIZZLERS candy; GLOSETTE chocolate-covered raisins, peanuts and almonds; JOLLY RANCHER candy; WHOPPERS malted milk balls; SKOR toffee bars; EAT MORE candy bars; POT OF GOLD boxed chocolates; and CHIPITS chocolate chips.
Mexico
We manufacture, import, market, sell and distribute chocolate and confectionery products in Mexico, including HERSHEYS, KISSES, JOLLY RANCHER, and PELÓN PELO RICO chocolate, confectionery and beverage items.
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Brazil
We manufacture, import and market chocolate and confectionery products in Brazil, including HERSHEYS chocolate and confectionery items and IO-IO items.
India
We manufacture, market, sell and distribute confectionery, beverage and cooking oil products in India, including NUTRINE and GODREJ confectionery and beverage products.
Customers
Full-time sales representatives and food brokers sell our products to our customers. Our customers are mainly wholesale distributors, chain grocery stores, mass merchandisers, chain drug stores, vending companies, wholesale clubs, convenience stores, dollar stores, concessionaires, department stores and natural food stores. Our customers then resell our products to end-consumers in over 2 million retail outlets in North America and other locations worldwide. In 2008, sales to McLane Company, Inc., one of the largest wholesale distributors in the United States to convenience stores, drug stores, wholesale clubs and mass merchandisers, amounted to approximately 26% of our total net sales. McLane Company, Inc. is the primary distributor of our products to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Marketing Strategy and Seasonality
The foundation of our marketing strategy is our strong brand equities, product innovation, the consistently superior quality of our products, our manufacturing expertise and mass distribution capabilities. We also devote considerable resources to the identification, development, testing, manufacturing and marketing of new products. We have a variety of promotional programs for our customers as well as advertising and promotional programs for consumers of our products. We use our promotional programs to stimulate sales of certain products at various times throughout the year. Our sales are typically higher during the third and fourth quarters of the year, representing seasonal and holiday-related sales patterns.
Product Distribution
In conjunction with our sales and marketing efforts, our efficient product distribution network helps us maintain sales growth and provide superior customer service. We plan optimum stock levels and work with our customers to set reasonable delivery times. Our distribution network provides for the efficient shipment of our products from our manufacturing plants to distribution centers strategically located throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico. We primarily use common carriers to deliver our products from these distribution points to our customers.
Price Changes
We change prices and weights of our products when necessary to accommodate changes in manufacturing costs, the competitive environment and profit objectives, while at the same time maintaining consumer value. Price increases and weight changes help to offset increases in our input costs, including raw and packaging materials, fuel, utilities, transportation, and employee benefits.
In August 2008, we announced an increase in wholesale prices across the United States, Puerto Rico and export chocolate and sugar confectionery lines. This price increase was effective immediately, and represented a weighted average 11 percent increase on our instant consumable, multi-pack and packaged candy lines. These changes approximated a 10 percent increase over the entire domestic product line.
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In January 2008, we announced an increase in the wholesale prices of our domestic confectionery line, effective immediately. This price increase applied to our standard bar, king-size bar, 6-pack and vending lines and represented a weighted average increase of approximately thirteen percent on these items. These price changes approximated a three percent increase over our entire domestic product line.
In April 2007, we announced an increase of approximately four percent to five percent in the wholesale prices of our domestic confectionery line, effective immediately. The price increase applied to our standard bar, king-size bar, 6-pack and vending lines. These products represent approximately one-third of our U.S. confectionery portfolio.
We announced a combination of price increases and weight changes on certain JOLLY RANCHER and TWIZZLERS candy and chocolate packaged candy items in November 2005. These changes went into effect in December 2005 and early 2006 and represented a weighted-average price increase of approximately one percent over the entire domestic product line when fully effective in the second quarter of 2006.
Usually there is a time lag between the effective date of list price increases and the impact of the price increases on net sales. The impact of price increases is often delayed because the Company honors previous commitments to planned consumer and customer promotions and merchandising events subsequent to the effective date of the price increases. In addition, promotional allowances may be increased subsequent to the effective date, delaying or partially offsetting the impact of price increases on net sales.
Raw Materials
Cocoa products are the most significant raw materials we use to produce our chocolate products. Cocoa products, including cocoa liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder processed from cocoa beans, are used to meet manufacturing requirements. Cocoa products are purchased directly from third party suppliers. These third party suppliers source cocoa beans which are grown principally in Far Eastern, West African and South American equatorial regions. West Africa accounts for approximately 70 percent of the worlds supply of cocoa beans.
Historically, there have been instances of weather catastrophes, crop disease, civil disruptions, embargoes and other problems in cocoa-producing countries that have caused price fluctuations, but have never resulted in total loss of a particular producing countrys cocoa crop and/or exports. In the event that such a disruption would occur in any given country, we believe cocoa from other producing countries and from current physical cocoa stocks in consuming countries would provide a significant supply buffer.
During 2008, cocoa futures contract prices increased sharply compared with 2007 and 2006, and traded in a range between $.86 and $1.50 per pound, based on the IntercontinentalExchange futures contract. Cocoa futures prices during 2008 were very volatile and traded at prices which were near 30-year highs by mid-year, primarily reflecting speculative commodity fund trading activity. During the fourth quarter of 2008, prices declined somewhat from the mid-year highs as a result of an anticipated decrease in demand associated with deteriorating economic conditions in addition to strengthening of the U.S. dollar in relation to other relevant foreign currencies. The annual average cocoa futures contract price increased 38% in 2008 compared with 2007. The table below shows annual average cocoa prices, and the highest and lowest monthly averages for each of the calendar years indicated. The prices are the monthly averages of the quotations at noon of the three active futures trading contracts closest to maturity on the IntercontinentalExchange.
Cocoa Futures Contract Prices (dollars per pound) | |||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
Annual Average |
$ | 1.19 | $ | .86 | $ | .70 | $ | .68 | $ | .69 | |||||
High |
1.50 | .95 | .75 | .79 | .77 | ||||||||||
Low |
.86 | .75 | .67 | .64 | .62 |
Source: International Cocoa Organization Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics
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Our costs will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations because of our forward purchasing and hedging practices, premiums and discounts reflective of varying delivery times, and supply and demand for our specific varieties and grades of cocoa liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder. As a result, the average futures contract prices are not necessarily indicative of our average costs.
The Food, Conservation and Energy Act of 2008, which is a five-year farm bill, impacts the prices of sugar, corn, peanuts and dairy products because it sets price support levels for these commodities.
During 2008, dairy prices came down from unprecedented highs set in 2007, starting the year at nearly $.20 per pound and dropping to $.15 per pound on a class II fluid milk basis. Prices have weakened in response to strong production of milk and dairy products, and slowing demand worldwide.
The price of sugar is subject to price supports under U.S. farm legislation. This legislation establishes import quotas and duties to support the price of sugar. As a result, sugar prices paid by users in the U.S. are currently substantially higher than prices on the world sugar market. In 2008, sugar supplies in the U.S. were negatively impacted by a catastrophic explosion at a sugar cane refinery in Georgia and by a smaller sugar beet crop. As a result, refined sugar prices increased from $.29 to $.45 per pound. Our costs for sugar will not necessarily reflect market price fluctuations primarily because of our forward purchasing and hedging practices.
Peanut prices in the U.S. began the year around $.63 per pound, but gradually increased during the year to $.76 per pound due to supply tightness driven by a below average crop during the previous year. Almond prices began the year at $2.25 per pound and declined to $1.90 per pound during the year driven by supply increases reflecting a record crop which produced 9% more volume than the prior year.
We attempt to minimize the effect of future price fluctuations related to the purchase of major raw materials and certain energy requirements primarily through forward purchasing to cover our future requirements, generally for periods from 3 to 24 months. We enter into futures contracts to manage price risks for cocoa products, sugar, corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel oil and certain dairy products. However, the dairy markets are not as developed as many of the other commodities markets and, therefore, it is not possible to hedge our costs for dairy products by taking forward positions to extend coverage for longer periods of time. Currently, active futures contracts are not available for use in pricing our other major raw material requirements. For more information on price risks associated with our major raw material requirements, see CommoditiesPrice Risk Management and Futures Contracts on page 38.
Product Sourcing
We are the primary manufacturer of the products we sell. In addition, we contract with third party suppliers to source certain ingredients and finished goods. We enter into manufacturing contracts with third parties to improve our strategic competitive position and ensure the most cost effective sourcing of our products.
Competition
Many of our brands enjoy wide consumer acceptance and are among the leading brands sold in the marketplace. We sell our brands in a highly competitive market with many other multinational, national, regional and local firms. Some of our competitors are much larger firms that have greater resources and more substantial international operations.
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Trademarks, Service Marks and License Agreements
We own various registered and unregistered trademarks and service marks, and have rights under licenses to use various trademarks that are of material importance to our business.
We have license agreements with several companies to manufacture and/or sell certain products. Our rights under these agreements are extendible on a long-term basis at our option. Our most significant licensing agreements are as follows:
Company | Type | Brand | Location | Requirements | ||||
Cadbury Ireland Limited |
License to manufacture and/or sell and distribute confectionery products | YORK PETER PAUL ALMOND JOY PETER PAUL MOUNDS |
Worldwide | None | ||||
CADBURY CARAMELLO |
United States | Minimum sales requirement exceeded in 2008 | ||||||
Société des |
License to manufacture and distribute confectionery products
|
KIT KAT ROLO |
United States | Minimum unit volume sales exceeded in 2008 | ||||
Huhtamäki Oy affiliate |
Certain trademark licenses for confectionery products | GOOD & PLENTY HEATH JOLLY RANCHER MILK DUDS PAYDAY WHOPPERS |
Worldwide | None |
Various dairies throughout the United States produce and sell HERSHEYS chocolate and strawberry flavored milks under license. We also grant trademark licenses to third parties to produce and sell baking and various other products primarily under the HERSHEYS and REESES brand names.
Backlog of Orders
We manufacture primarily for stock and fill customer orders from finished goods inventories. While at any given time there may be some backlog of orders, this backlog is not material in respect to our total annual sales, nor are the changes from time to time significant.
Research and Development
We engage in a variety of research and development activities. We develop new products, improve the quality of existing products, improve and modernize production processes, and develop and implement new technologies to enhance the quality and value of both current and proposed product lines. Information concerning our research and development expense is contained in Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data).
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Food Quality and Safety Regulation
The manufacture and sale of consumer food products is highly regulated. In the United States, our activities are subject to regulation by various government agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration, the Department of Agriculture, the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Commerce and the Environmental Protection Agency, as well as various state and local agencies. Similar agencies also regulate our businesses outside of the United States.
Our Product Excellence Program provides us with an effective product quality and safety program. This program assures that all products purchased, manufactured and distributed by our Company are safe, of high quality and comply with all applicable laws and regulations.
Through our Product Excellence Program, we evaluate the supply chain including ingredients, packaging, processes, products, distribution and the environment to determine where product quality and safety controls are necessary. We identify risks and establish controls to assure product quality and safety. Various government agencies, third party firms and our quality assurance staff conduct audits of all facilities that manufacture our products to assure effectiveness and compliance with our program and all applicable laws and regulations.
Environmental Considerations
We made routine operating and capital expenditures during 2008 to comply with environmental laws and regulations. These expenditures were not material with respect to our results of operations, capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position.
Employees
As of December 31, 2008, we employed approximately 12,800 full-time and 1,600 part-time employees worldwide. Collective bargaining agreements covered approximately 5,400 employees for which agreements covering approximately 47% of these employees, primarily outside of the United States, will expire during 2009. We believe that our employee relations are good.
Financial Information by Geographic Area
Our principal operations and markets are located in the United States. The percentage of total consolidated net sales for our businesses outside of the United States was 14.4% for 2008, 13.8% for 2007 and 10.9% for 2006. The percentage of total consolidated assets outside of the United States as of December 31, 2008 was 16.0% and as of December 31, 2007 was 16.2%. Operating profit margins vary among individual products and product groups.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Our founder, Milton S. Hershey, established an enduring model of responsible citizenship while creating a successful business. Making a difference in our communities, driving sustainable business practices and operating with the highest integrity are vital parts of our heritage and shapes our future.
Milton Hershey School, established by Milton and Catherine Hershey, lies at the center of our unique heritage. Mr. Hershey donated and bequeathed almost his entire fortune to the Milton Hershey School, which remains our primary beneficiary and provides a world-class education and nurturing home to nearly 2,000 children in need annually.
In addition, we have developed a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program, with a focus on current and past employee involvement, to advance this legacy. Key elements of this program include:
| Integrity in Business |
| Investing in our Communities |
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| Commitment to Youth |
| Environmental Stewardship |
| CSR through our Supply Chain |
| Supporting our Employees |
Building on this foundation, we play an active role in improving the communities where we work, live and do business around the world through our efforts in community relations, supply chain sustainability and environmental stewardship.
Our employees and retirees share their time and resources generously in their communities. Both directly and through the United Way, we contribute to hundreds of agencies that deliver much needed services and resources. Our focus on Kids and Kids at Risk is supported through the Childrens Miracle Network, Family Health International and a childrens burn center in Guadalajara, Mexico, to name a few of the organizations we support.
Were a leader in working to improve the lives of cocoa farming families through our active engagement and financial support for the World Cocoa Foundation, the International Cocoa Initiative, Farmer Field Schools, the Sustainable Tree Crops program and other key initiatives.
We practice environmental stewardship by reducing our natural resource use, waste and greenhouse gas emissions, improving the environmental sustainability of our packaging and supporting environmentally sound cocoa farming and environmental organizations.
Through our business, we educate and engage employees and customers about these efforts to maximize their returns for society as well as financial stakeholders.
More information is provided under Making a Difference on our website, www.hersheys.com.
Available Information
We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We file or furnish annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). You may obtain a copy of any of these reports, free of charge, from the Investor Relations section of our website, www.hersheys.com shortly after we file or furnish the information to the SEC.
You may obtain a copy of any of these reports directly from the SEC. Contact the SEC via e-mail at PublicInfo@sec.gov, via fax at 202-772-9295 or by submitting a written request to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Office of Investor Education and Advocacy, 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549-0213. These documents are also available electronically from the SEC internet website at www.sec.gov. You can obtain additional information on how to request public documents from the SEC on their website. The phone number for information about the operation of the SEC Office of Investor Education and Advocacy is 202-551-8090.
Our Company has a Code of Ethical Business Conduct that applies to our Board of Directors, all company officers and employees, including, without limitation, our Chief Executive Officer and senior financial officers (including the Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer and persons performing similar functions). You can obtain a copy of our Code of Ethical Business Conduct from the Investor Relations section of our website, www.hersheys.com. If we change or waive any portion of the Code of Ethical Business Conduct that applies to any of our directors, executive officers or senior financial officers, we will post that information on our website within four business days. In the case of a waiver, such information will include the name of the person to whom the waiver applied, along with the date and type of waiver.
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We also post our Corporate Governance Guidelines and Charters for each of the Boards standing committees in the Investor Relations section of our website, www.hersheys.com. The Board of Directors adopted each of these guidelines and charters. If you are a beneficial owner of Common Stock or Class B Common Stock (Class B Stock), we will provide you with a free copy of the Code of Ethical Business Conduct, the Corporate Governance Guidelines or the Charter of any standing committee of the Board of Directors, upon request. We will also give any stockholder a copy of one or more of the Exhibits listed in Part IV of this report, upon request. We charge a small copying fee for these exhibits to cover our costs. To request a copy of any of these documents, you can contact us atThe Hershey Company, Attn: Investor Relations Department, 100 Crystal A Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0810.
Item 1A. | RISK FACTORS |
We are subject to changing economic, competitive, regulatory and technological risks and uncertainties because of the nature of our operations. In connection with the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, we note the following factors that, among others, could cause future results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements, expectations and assumptions expressed or implied in this report. Many of the forward-looking statements contained in this document may be identified by the use of words such as intend, believe, expect, anticipate, should, planned, projected, estimated and potential, among others. Among the factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results projected in our forward-looking statements are the risk factors described below.
Issues or concerns related to the quality and safety of our products, ingredients or packaging could cause a product recall and/or result in harm to the Companys reputation, negatively impacting our operating results.
In order to sell our iconic, branded products, we need to maintain a good reputation with our customers and consumers. Issues related to quality and safety of our products, ingredients or packaging, could jeopardize our Companys image and reputation. Negative publicity related to these types of concerns, or related to product contamination or product tampering, whether valid or not, might negatively impact demand for our products, or cause production and delivery disruptions. We may need to recall products if any of our products become unfit for consumption. In addition, we could potentially be subject to litigation or government actions, which could result in payments of fines or damages. Costs associated with these potential actions could negatively affect our operating results.
Increases in raw material and energy costs could affect future financial results.
We use many different commodities for our business, including cocoa products, sugar, dairy products, peanuts, almonds, corn sweeteners, natural gas and fuel oil.
Commodities are subject to price volatility and changes in supply caused by numerous factors, including:
| Commodity market fluctuations; |
| Currency exchange rates; |
| Imbalances between supply and demand; |
| The effect of weather on crop yield; |
| Speculative influences; |
| Trade agreements among producing and consuming nations; |
| Political unrest in producing countries; and |
| Changes in governmental agricultural programs and energy policies. |
Although we use forward contracts and commodity futures and options contracts, where possible, to hedge commodity prices, commodity price increases ultimately result in corresponding increases in our raw material
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and energy costs. If we are unable to offset cost increases for major raw materials and energy, there could be a negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
Price increases may not be sufficient to offset cost increases and maintain profitability.
We may be able to pass some or all raw material, energy and other input cost increases to customers by increasing the selling prices of our products or decreasing the size of our products; however, higher product prices or decreased product sizes may also result in a reduction in sales volume. If we are not able to increase our selling prices or reduce product sizes sufficiently to offset increased raw material, energy or other input costs, including packaging, direct labor, overhead and employee benefits, or if our sales volume decreases significantly, there could be a negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
During 2008 we announced substantial increases in wholesale prices across our chocolate and sugar confectionery product lines to partially offset significant increases in our input costs. Since we are honoring previously committed promotions and merchandising events, price increases will not be fully effective until the second half of 2009. If our sales volume decreases significantly or if we need to substantially increase promotional spending as a result of these price increases, there could be a negative impact on our revenue, profitability and cash flows.
Market demand for new and existing products could decline.
We operate in highly competitive markets and rely on continued demand for our products. To generate revenues and profits, we must sell products that appeal to our customers and to consumers. Continued success is dependent on product innovation, including maintaining a strong pipeline of new products, effective retail execution, appropriate advertising campaigns and marketing programs, and the ability to secure adequate shelf space at retail locations. In addition, success depends on our response to consumer trends, consumer health concerns, including obesity and the consumption of certain ingredients, and changes in product category consumption and consumer demographics.
Our largest customer, McLane Company, Inc., accounted for approximately 26% of our total net sales in 2008 reflecting the continuing consolidation of our customer base. In this environment, there continue to be competitive product and pricing pressures, as well as challenges in maintaining profit margins. We must maintain mutually beneficial relationships with our key customers, including retailers and distributors, to compete effectively. McLane Company, Inc. is one of the largest wholesale distributors in the United States to convenience stores, drug stores, wholesale clubs and mass merchandisers, including Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Increased marketplace competition could hurt our business.
The global confectionery packaged goods industry is intensely competitive, as is the broader snack market. Some of our competitors are much larger firms that have greater resources and more substantial international operations. In order to protect our existing market share or capture increased market share in this highly competitive retail environment, we may be required to increase expenditures for promotions and advertising, and continue to introduce and establish new products. Due to inherent risks in the marketplace associated with advertising and new product introductions, including uncertainties about trade and consumer acceptance, increased expenditures may not prove successful in maintaining or enhancing our market share and could result in lower sales and profits. In addition, we may incur increased credit and other business risks because we operate in a highly competitive retail environment.
Changes in governmental laws and regulations could increase our costs and liabilities or impact demand for our products.
Changes in laws and regulations and the manner in which they are interpreted or applied may alter our business environment. This could affect our results of operations or increase our liabilities. These negative
11
impacts could result from changes in food and drug laws, laws related to advertising and marketing practices, accounting standards, taxation requirements, competition laws, employment laws and environmental laws, among others. It is possible that we could become subject to additional liabilities in the future resulting from changes in laws and regulations that could result in an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Political, economic, and/or financial market conditions in the United States and abroad could negatively impact our financial results.
Our operations are impacted by consumer spending levels and impulse purchases which are affected by general macroeconomic conditions, consumer confidence, employment levels, availability of consumer credit and interest rates on that credit, consumer debt levels, energy costs and other factors. Continued volatility in food and energy costs, a sustained global recession, rising unemployment, and continued declines in personal spending could adversely impact the Companys revenues, profitability and financial condition.
Domestic and international financial institutions have reported significant losses as a result of asset write-offs. In addition, short and long-term debt investors have become increasingly cautious in providing financing to companies. As a result of these two events, our Company, our customers and our suppliers could face difficulty in securing debt financing. While governments around the world are enacting measures to support financial institutions and the credit markets, there are no guarantees that these efforts will ultimately succeed. If they do not, increased volatility and disruption in the global capital and credit markets could continue. This could result in reduced liquidity for our Company, our customers and our suppliers. If current credit market conditions continue, the Company could experience an increase in bad debt expense or liquidity may be reduced and short-term financing costs could increase. These conditions could impair our ability to access credit markets on commercially acceptable terms, resulting in higher interest expense, or reduced cash flows.
International operations could fluctuate unexpectedly and adversely impact our business.
In 2008, we derived approximately 14.4% of our net sales from customers located outside the United States. Some of our assets are also located outside of the United States. As part of our global growth strategy, we are increasing our investments outside of the United States, particularly in India and China. As a result, we are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties relating to international sales and operations, including:
| Unforeseen global economic and environmental changes resulting in business interruption, supply constraints, inflation, deflation or decreased demand; |
| Difficulties and costs associated with complying with, and enforcing remedies under a wide variety of complex laws, treaties and regulations; |
| Different regulatory structures and unexpected changes in regulatory environments; |
| Political and economic instability, including the possibility of civil unrest; |
| Nationalization of our properties by foreign governments; |
| Tax rates that may exceed those in the United States and earnings that may be subject to withholding requirements and incremental taxes upon repatriation; |
| Potentially negative consequences from changes in tax laws; |
| The imposition of tariffs, quotas, trade barriers, other trade protection measures and import or export licensing requirements; |
| Increased costs, disruptions in shipping or reduced availability of freight transportation; |
| The impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies; and |
| Failure to gain sufficient profitable scale in certain international markets resulting in losses from impairment or sale of assets. |
12
Future developments related to the investigation by government regulators of alleged pricing practices by members of the confectionery industry could impact our reputation, the regulatory environment under which we operate, and our operating results.
Government regulators are investigating alleged pricing practices by members of the confectionery industry in certain jurisdictions. We are cooperating fully with all relevant authorities. These allegations could have a negative impact on our Companys reputation. We also may be required to incur defense costs in litigation or government action and/or be subject to fines or damages. In addition, our costs could increase if we became subject to new or additional government-mandated regulatory controls. These possible actions could negatively impact our future operating results.
Pension costs or funding requirements could increase at a higher than anticipated rate.
Changes in interest rates or in the market value of plan assets could affect the funded status of our pension plans. This could cause volatility in our benefits costs and increase future funding requirements of our pension plans. Additionally, we could incur pension settlement losses if a significant number of employees who have retired or have left the company decide to withdraw substantial lump sums from their pension accounts. Pension settlement losses of approximately $15.3 million and $11.8 million were incurred during 2008 and 2007, respectively, and we anticipate additional settlement costs in 2009. As of December 31, 2008, our pension benefits obligations exceeded the fair value of our pension plan assets by $40.8 million. A significant increase in pension expense or in future funding requirements could have a negative impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. For more information, refer to page 42.
Annual savings from initiatives to transform our supply chain and advance our value-enhancing strategy may be less than we expect.
In February 2007, we announced a comprehensive global supply chain transformation program which includes a phased three-year plan to enhance our manufacturing, sourcing and customer service capabilities. We expect ongoing annual savings from this program and previous initiatives to generate significant savings to invest in our growth initiatives and to advance our value-enhancing strategy. If ongoing annual savings do not meet our expectations, we may not obtain the anticipated future benefits.
Implementation of our global supply chain transformation program may not occur within the anticipated timeframe and/or may exceed our cost estimates.
Completion of the global supply chain transformation program is subject to multiple operating and executional risks, including coordination of manufacturing changes, production line startups, cross-border legal, regulatory and political issues, and foreign currency exchange risks, among others. If we are not able to complete the program initiatives within the anticipated timeframe and within our cost estimates, our results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted. We estimate that the global supply chain transformation program will incur pre-tax charges and non-recurring project implementation costs at the upper end of a $575 million to $600 million range over the three-year implementation period, excluding possible increases in pension settlement charges as discussed on pages 49 and 50.
Item 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
None.
13
Item 2. | PROPERTIES |
Our principal properties include the following:
Country |
Location |
Type |
Status (Own/ Lease) | |||
United States | Hershey, Pennsylvania (3 principal plants) |
Manufacturingconfectionery products and food and beverage enhancers | Own | |||
Lancaster, Pennsylvania | Manufacturingconfectionery products | Own | ||||
Robinson, Illinois | Manufacturingconfectionery and snack products, and food and beverage enhancers | Own | ||||
Stuarts Draft, Virginia | Manufacturingconfectionery products and food and beverage enhancers | Own | ||||
Edwardsville, Illinois | Distribution | Own | ||||
Palmyra, Pennsylvania | Distribution | Own | ||||
Redlands, California | Distribution | Lease* | ||||
Canada | Smiths Falls, Ontario | Manufacturingconfectionery products and food and beverage enhancers | Own** | |||
Mississauga, Ontario | Distribution | Lease | ||||
Mexico | Monterrey, Mexico | Manufacturingconfectionery products | Own |
* | We sold the Redlands, California facility in March 2008 as part of our global supply chain transformation program and entered into a leasing arrangement for a period of fifteen months, terminating on June 30, 2009. |
** | The Smiths Falls, Ontario manufacturing facility ceased production in December 2008 and is being held for sale. |
In addition to the locations indicated above, we are constructing a distribution facility in Ogden, Utah which will begin operations in 2009. We also own or lease several other properties and buildings worldwide which we use for manufacturing and for sales, distribution and administrative functions. Our facilities are well maintained. These facilities generally have adequate capacity and can accommodate seasonal demands, changing product mixes and certain additional growth. The largest facilities are located in Hershey and Lancaster, Pennsylvania and in Stuarts Draft, Virginia. Many additions and improvements have been made to these facilities over the years and they include equipment of the latest type and technology.
14
Item 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
In connection with its pricing practices, the Company is the subject of an antitrust investigation by the Canadian Competition Bureau. In addition, the U.S. Department of Justice notified the Company that it opened an inquiry but has not requested any information or documents. The European Commission had requested information and informed the Company that it had closed its file. The Company is also party to approximately 92 related civil antitrust suits in the United States and nine in Canada. Certain of these claims contain class action allegations, instituted on behalf of direct purchasers of our products as well as indirect purchasers that purchase our products for use or for resale. These suits allege conspiracies in restraint of trade in connection with the pricing practices of the Company. Several other chocolate confectionery companies are the subject of investigations and/or inquiries by the government entities referenced above and have also been named as defendants in the same litigation. One Canadian wholesaler is also a subject of the Canadian investigation and is a defendant in certain of the lawsuits. While it is not feasible to predict the final outcome of these proceedings, in our opinion they should not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, liquidity or results of operations of the Company. The Company is cooperating with the government investigations and inquiries and intends to defend the lawsuits vigorously.
We have no other material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business.
Item 4. | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
Not applicable.
15
PART II
Item 5. | MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
We paid $262.9 million in cash dividends on our Common Stock and Class B Stock in 2008 and $252.3 million in 2007. The annual dividend rate on our Common Stock in 2008 was $1.19 per share.
On February 17, 2009, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $.2975 per share of Common Stock payable on March 13, 2009, to stockholders of record as of February 25, 2009. It is the Companys 317th consecutive Common Stock dividend. A quarterly dividend of $.2678 per share of Class B Stock also was declared.
Our Common Stock is listed and traded principally on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker symbol HSY. Approximately 458.6 million shares of our Common Stock were traded during 2008. The Class B Stock is not publicly traded.
The closing price of our Common Stock on December 31, 2008 was $34.74. There were 40,549 stockholders of record of our Common Stock and our Class B Stock as of December 31, 2008.
The following table shows the dividends paid per share of Common Stock and Class B Stock and the price range of the Common Stock for each quarter of the past two years:
Dividends Paid Per Share |
Common Stock Price Range* | |||||||||||
Common Stock |
Class B Stock |
High | Low | |||||||||
2008 |
||||||||||||
1st Quarter |
$ | .2975 | $ | .2678 | $ | 39.45 | $ | 33.54 | ||||
2nd Quarter |
.2975 | .2678 | 40.75 | 32.47 | ||||||||
3rd Quarter |
.2975 | .2678 | 44.32 | 32.31 | ||||||||
4th Quarter |
.2975 | .2678 | 40.55 | 32.10 | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 1.1900 | $ | 1.0712 | ||||||||
Dividends Paid Per Share |
Common Stock Price Range* | |||||||||||
Common Stock |
Class B Stock |
High | Low | |||||||||
2007 |
||||||||||||
1st Quarter |
$ | .2700 | $ | .2425 | $ | 56.37 | $ | 49.70 | ||||
2nd Quarter |
.2700 | .2425 | 56.75 | 49.81 | ||||||||
3rd Quarter |
.2975 | .2678 | 51.29 | 44.03 | ||||||||
4th Quarter |
.2975 | .2678 | 47.41 | 38.21 | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 1.1350 | $ | 1.0206 | ||||||||
* | NYSE-Composite Quotations for Common Stock by calendar quarter. |
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
16
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Purchases of equity securities during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008:
Period |
(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased |
(b) Average Price Paid per Share |
(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |
(d) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1) | ||||||
(in thousands of dollars) | ||||||||||
September 29 through October 26, 2008 |
80,000 | $ | 35.98 | | $ | 100,017 | ||||
October 27 through November 23, 2008 |
60,000 | $ | 35.48 | | $ | 100,017 | ||||
November 24 through December 31, 2008 |
| $ | | | $ | 100,017 | ||||
Total |
140,000 | $ | 35.76 | | ||||||
(1) | In December 2006, our Board of Directors approved a $250 million share repurchase program. |
Performance Graph
The following graph compares our cumulative total stockholder return (Common Stock price appreciation plus dividends, on a reinvested basis) over the last five fiscal years with the Standard & Poors 500 Index and the Standard & Poors Packaged Foods Index.
Comparison of Five Year Cumulative Total Return*
The Hershey Company, S&P 500 Index and
S&P Packaged Foods Index
* | Hypothetical $100 invested on December 31, 2003 in Hershey Common Stock, S&P 500 Index and S&P Packaged Foods Index, assuming reinvestment of dividends. |
17
Item 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
SIX-YEAR CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY
All dollar and share amounts in thousands except market price
and per share statistics
5-Year Compound Growth Rate |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | |||||||||||||||
Summary of Operations |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Net Sales |
4.3% | $ | 5,132,768 | 4,946,716 | 4,944,230 | 4,819,827 | 4,416,389 | 4,162,987 | |||||||||||||
Cost of Sales |
5.9% | $ | 3,375,050 | 3,315,147 | 3,076,718 | 2,956,682 | 2,672,716 | 2,539,469 | |||||||||||||
Selling, Marketing and Administrative |
5.0% | $ | 1,073,019 | 895,874 | 860,378 | 912,986 | 867,104 | 841,105 | |||||||||||||
Business Realignment and Impairment Charges, Net |
$ | 94,801 | 276,868 | 14,576 | 96,537 | | 23,357 | ||||||||||||||
Gain on Sale of Business(a) |
$ | | | | | | 8,330 | ||||||||||||||
Interest Expense, Net |
9.0% | $ | 97,876 | 118,585 | 116,056 | 87,985 | 66,533 | 63,529 | |||||||||||||
Provision for Income Taxes |
(6.8)% | $ | 180,617 | 126,088 | 317,441 | 277,090 | 235,399 | 257,268 | |||||||||||||
Income before Cumulative Effect of Accounting Change |
(7.0)% | $ | 311,405 | 214,154 | 559,061 | 488,547 | 574,637 | 446,589 | |||||||||||||
Cumulative Effect of Accounting Change |
$ | | | | | | 7,368 | ||||||||||||||
Net Income |
(6.6)% | $ | 311,405 | 214,154 | 559,061 | 488,547 | 574,637 | 439,221 | |||||||||||||
Net Income Per Share: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
BasicClass B Stock |
(3.9)% | $ | 1.27 | .87 | 2.19 | 1.85 | 2.11 | 1.55 | |||||||||||||
DilutedClass B Stock |
(3.8)% | $ | 1.27 | .87 | 2.17 | 1.84 | 2.09 | 1.54 | |||||||||||||
BasicCommon Stock |
(3.8)% | $ | 1.41 | .96 | 2.44 | 2.05 | 2.31 | 1.71 | |||||||||||||
DilutedCommon Stock |
(3.9)% | $ | 1.36 | .93 | 2.34 | 1.97 | 2.24 | 1.66 | |||||||||||||
Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
BasicCommon Stock |
166,709 | 168,050 | 174,722 | 183,747 | 193,037 | 201,768 | |||||||||||||||
BasicClass B Stock |
60,777 | 60,813 | 60,817 | 60,821 | 60,844 | 60,844 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted |
228,697 | 231,449 | 239,071 | 248,292 | 256,934 | 264,532 | |||||||||||||||
Dividends Paid on Common Stock |
6.4% | $ | 197,839 | 190,199 | 178,873 | 170,147 | 159,658 | 144,985 | |||||||||||||
Per Share |
10.5% | $ | 1.19 | 1.135 | 1.03 | .93 | .835 | .7226 | |||||||||||||
Dividends Paid on Class B Stock |
10.4% | $ | 65,110 | 62,064 | 56,256 | 51,088 | 46,089 | 39,701 | |||||||||||||
Per Share |
10.4% | $ | 1.0712 | 1.0206 | .925 | .84 | .7576 | .6526 | |||||||||||||
Net Income as a Percent of Net Sales, GAAP Basis |
6.1 | % | 4.3 | % | 11.3 | % | 10.1 | % | 13.0 | % | 10.6 | % | |||||||||
Non-GAAP Income as a Percent of Net Sales(b) |
8.4 | % | 9.7 | % | 11.5 | % | 11.7 | % | 11.6 | % | 11.0 | % | |||||||||
Depreciation |
7.4% | $ | 227,183 | 292,658 | 181,038 | 200,132 | 171,229 | 158,933 | |||||||||||||
Advertising |
2.1% | $ | 161,133 | 127,896 | 108,327 | 125,023 | 137,931 | 145,387 | |||||||||||||
Payroll |
2.0% | $ | 645,456 | 645,083 | 645,480 | 647,825 | 614,037 | 585,419 | |||||||||||||
Year-end Position and Statistics |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Capital Additions |
3.7% | $ | 262,643 | 189,698 | 183,496 | 181,069 | 181,728 | 218,650 | |||||||||||||
Capitalized Software Additions |
2.0% | $ | 20,336 | 14,194 | 15,016 | 13,236 | 14,158 | 18,404 | |||||||||||||
Total Assets |
0.3% | $ | 3,634,719 | 4,247,113 | 4,157,565 | 4,262,699 | 3,794,750 | 3,577,026 | |||||||||||||
Short-term Debt and Current Portion of Long-term Debt |
109.2% | $ | 501,504 | 856,392 | 843,998 | 819,115 | 622,320 | 12,509 | |||||||||||||
Long-term Portion of Debt |
9.2% | $ | 1,505,954 | 1,279,965 | 1,248,128 | 942,755 | 690,602 | 968,499 | |||||||||||||
Stockholders Equity |
(24.9)% | $ | 318,199 | 592,922 | 683,423 | 1,016,380 | 1,137,103 | 1,328,975 | |||||||||||||
Full-time Employees |
12,800 | 12,400 | 12,800 | 13,750 | 13,700 | 13,100 | |||||||||||||||
Return Measures |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Operating Return on Average Stockholders Equity, GAAP Basis(c) |
68.4 | % | 33.6 | % | 65.8 | % | 45.4 | % | 46.6 | % | 32.0 | % | |||||||||
Non-GAAP Operating Return on Average Stockholders Equity(c) |
94.5 | % | 75.5 | % | 66.7 | % | 52.2 | % | 41.6 | % | 33.2 | % | |||||||||
Operating Return on Average Invested Capital, GAAP Basis(c) |
19.0 | % | 12.4 | % | 26.4 | % | 23.6 | % | 25.7 | % | 18.3 | % | |||||||||
Non-GAAP Operating Return on Average Invested Capital(c) |
25.1 | % | 25.0 | % | 26.8 | % | 26.8 | % | 23.2 | % | 18.9 | % | |||||||||
Stockholders Data |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Shares of Common Stock and Class B Stock at Year-end |
227,035 | 227,050 | 230,264 | 240,524 | 246,588 | 259,059 | |||||||||||||||
Market Price of Common Stock at Year-end |
(2.0)% | $ | 34.74 | 39.40 | 49.80 | 55.25 | 55.54 | 38.50 | |||||||||||||
Range During Year |
$ | 44.3232.10 | 56.7538.21 | 57.6548.20 | 67.3752.49 | 56.7537.28 | 39.3330.35 |
18
(a) | Includes the gain on the sale of gum brands in 2003. |
(b) | Non-GAAP Income as a Percent of Net Sales is calculated by dividing Non-GAAP Income excluding Items Affecting Comparability by Net Sales. A reconciliation of Net Income presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to Non-GAAP Income excluding items affecting comparability is provided on pages 19 and 20, along with the reasons why we believe that the use of Non-GAAP Income provides useful information to investors. |
(c) | The calculation method for these measures is described on page 48 under RETURN MEASURES. The Non-GAAP Operating Return measures are calculated using Non-GAAP Income excluding items affecting comparability. A reconciliation of Net Income presented in accordance with GAAP to Non-GAAP Income excluding items affecting comparability is provided on pages 19 and 20, along with the reasons why we believe the use of Non-GAAP Income provides useful information to investors. |
Item 7. | MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
Our results for the year ended December 31, 2008 were in line with our expectations and reflect the progress we are making toward implementing our major strategic initiatives. Net sales grew at an annual rate of 3.8%. Marketplace performance improved in response to our continued investment in our core brands. We are investing to strengthen our position in the chocolate and confectionery markets in which we compete and build on our marketplace results.
The net sales increase was driven by favorable price realization, improved U.S. marketplace performance for our products, and sales gains from our international businesses, offset somewhat by reduced sales volume in the United States. Incremental sales from the full-year results of Godrej Hershey Ltd. also contributed to the net sales increase, as results for 2007 only included the seven months subsequent to the acquisition of the business. Net income and earnings per share-diluted increased substantially compared with 2007 due to lower costs resulting from our business realignment initiatives.
Non-GAAP Financial MeasuresItems Affecting Comparability
Our Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section includes certain measures of financial performance that are not defined by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). For each of these non-GAAP financial measures, we are providing below (1) the most directly comparable GAAP measure; (2) a reconciliation of the differences between the non-GAAP measure and the most directly comparable GAAP measure; (3) an explanation of why our management believes these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to investors; and (4) additional purposes for which we use these non-GAAP measures.
We believe that the disclosure of these non-GAAP measures provides investors with a better comparison of our year-to-year operating results. We exclude the effects of certain items from Income before Interest and Income Taxes (EBIT), Net Income and Income per Share-Diluted-Common Stock (EPS) when we evaluate key measures of our performance internally, and in assessing the impact of known trends and uncertainties on our business. We also believe that excluding the effects of these items provides a more balanced view of the underlying dynamics of our business.
Items affecting comparability include the impacts of charges or credits in 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2003 associated with our business realignment initiatives and a reduction of the income tax provision in 2004 resulting from adjustments to income tax contingency reserves.
19
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
EBIT | Net Income |
EPS | EBIT | Net Income |
EPS | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars except per share amounts | ||||||||||||||||||
Results in accordance with GAAP |
$ | 589.9 | $ | 311.4 | $ | 1.36 | $ | 458.8 | $ | 214.2 | $ | .93 | ||||||
Items affecting comparability: |
||||||||||||||||||
Business realignment charges included in cost of sales |
77.8 | 53.4 | .23 | 123.1 | 80.9 | .35 | ||||||||||||
Business realignment charges included in selling, marketing and administrative (SM&A) |
8.1 | 4.9 | .02 | 12.6 | 7.8 | .03 | ||||||||||||
Business realignment and impairment charges, net |
94.8 | 60.8 | .27 | 276.9 | 178.9 | .77 | ||||||||||||
Non-GAAP results excluding items affecting comparability |
$ | 770.6 | $ | 430.5 | $ | 1.88 | $ | 871.4 | $ | 481.8 | $ | 2.08 | ||||||
For the years ended December 31, |
2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||
EBIT | Net Income |
EPS | EBIT | Net Income |
EPS | ||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars except per share amounts | |||||||||||||||||||||
Results in accordance with GAAP |
$ | 992.6 | $ | 559.1 | $ | 2.34 | $ | 853.6 | $ | 488.5 | $ | 1.97 | |||||||||
Items affecting comparability: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Business realignment (credits) charges included in cost of sales |
(3.2 | ) | (2.0 | ) | (.01 | ) | 22.5 | 13.4 | .05 | ||||||||||||
Business realignment charges included in SM&A |
.3 | .2 | | | | | |||||||||||||||
Business realignment and impairment charges, net |
14.5 | 9.3 | .04 | 96.5 | 60.7 | .25 | |||||||||||||||
Non-GAAP results excluding items affecting comparability |
$ | 1,004.2 | $ | 566.6 | $ | 2.37 | $ | 972.6 | $ | 562.6 | $ | 2.27 | |||||||||
For the years ended December 31, |
2004 | 2003 | |||||||||||||||||||||
EBIT | Net Income |
EPS | EBIT | Net Income |
EPS | ||||||||||||||||||
In millions of dollars except per share amounts | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Results in accordance with GAAP |
$ | 876.6 | $ | 574.6 | $ | 2.24 | $ | 767.4 | $ | 439.2 | $ | 1.66 | |||||||||||
Items affecting comparability: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Business realignment charges included in cost of sales |
| | | 2.1 | 1.3 | | |||||||||||||||||
Business realignment and impairment charges, net |
| | | 23.4 | 14.2 | .05 | |||||||||||||||||
Gain on sale of business |
| | | (8.3 | ) | (5.7 | ) | (.02 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Tax provision adjustment |
| (61.1 | ) | (.24 | ) | | | | |||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting change |
| | | | 7.4 | .03 | |||||||||||||||||
Non-GAAP results excluding items affecting comparability |
$ | 876.6 | $ | 513.5 | $ | 2.00 | $ | 784.6 | $ | 456.4 | $ | 1.72 | |||||||||||
Actual Results Excluding Items Affecting Comparability | ||||||
Key Annual Performance Measures |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||
Increase in Net Sales |
3.8% | 0.1% | 2.6% | |||
(Decrease) increase in EBIT |
(11.6)% | (13.2)% | 3.2% | |||
(Decline) improvement in EBIT Margin in basis points (bps) |
(260)bps | (270)bps | 10 bps | |||
(Decrease) increase in EPS |
(9.6)% | (12.2)% | 4.4% |
20
SUMMARY OF OPERATING RESULTS
Analysis of Selected Items from Our Income Statement
Percent Change | ||||||||||||||||||
Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||||||
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2008-2007 | 2007-2006 | |||||||||||||
In millions of dollars except per share amounts | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Sales |
$ | 5,132.8 | $ | 4,946.7 | $ | 4,944.2 | 3.8 | % | 0.1 | % | ||||||||
Cost of Sales |
3,375.1 | 3,315.1 | 3,076.7 | 1.8 | 7.7 | |||||||||||||
Gross Profit |
1,757.7 | 1,631.6 | 1,867.5 | 7.7 | (12.6 | ) | ||||||||||||
Gross Margin |
34.2 | % | 33.0 | % | 37.8 | % | ||||||||||||
SM&A Expense |
1,073.0 | 895.9 | 860.3 | 19.8 | 4.1 | |||||||||||||
SM&A Expense as a percent of sales |
20.9 | % | 18.1 | % | 17.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Business Realignment and Impairment Charges, Net |
94.8 | 276.9 | 14.6 | (65.8 | ) | N/A | ||||||||||||
EBIT |
589.9 | 458.8 | 992.6 | 28.6 | (53.8 | ) | ||||||||||||
EBIT Margin |
11.5 | % | 9.3 | % | 20.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Interest Expense, Net |
97.9 | 118.6 | 116.1 | (17.5 | ) | 2.2 | ||||||||||||
Provision for Income Taxes |
180.6 | 126.0 | 317.4 | 43.2 | (60.3 | ) | ||||||||||||
Effective Income Tax Rate |
36.7 | % | 37.1 | % | 36.2 | % | ||||||||||||
Net Income |
$ | 311.4 | $ | 214.2 | $ | 559.1 | 45.4 | (61.7 | ) | |||||||||
Net Income Per ShareDiluted |
$ | 1.36 | $ | .93 | $ | 2.34 | 46.2 | (60.3 | ) | |||||||||
Net Sales
2008 compared with 2007
The increase in net sales was attributable to favorable price realization from list price increases, substantially offset by sales volume decreases primarily in the United States. Increased sales in the United States were primarily attributable to our core brands, particularly Hersheys and Reeses, and incremental sales of new products, primarily Hersheys Bliss. Sales volume increases from our international businesses, particularly in India, China and the Philippines, also contributed to the sales increase, although were offset somewhat by the impact of unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates. Net sales for our Godrej Hershey Ltd. business increased $37.2 million, or 0.8%, in 2008 reflecting incremental sales for the full-year compared with results for 2007 which included only the seven months subsequent to the acquisition of the business.
2007 compared with 2006
Net sales for 2007 were essentially even with 2006. Sales increased for our international businesses, primarily exports to Asia and Latin America, as well as sales in Canada and Mexico. The acquisition of Godrej Hershey Ltd. increased net sales by $46.5 million, or 0.9%, in 2007. Favorable foreign currency exchange rates also had a positive impact on sales. These increases were substantially offset by lower sales volume for existing products in the U.S., reflecting increased competitive activity and reduced retail velocity. Decreased price realization from higher rates of promotional spending and higher allowances for slow-moving products at retail more than offset increases in list prices contributing to the sales decline in the U.S.
Key U.S. Marketplace Metrics
For the 52 weeks ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||
Consumer Takeaway Increase |
3.3 | % | 1.3 | % | 4.0 | % | |||
Market Share Decrease |
(0.2 | ) | (1.3 | ) | (0.2 | ) |
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Consumer takeaway is provided for channels of distribution accounting for approximately 80% of our U.S. confectionery retail business. These channels of distribution include food, drug, mass merchandisers, including Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., and convenience stores. The change in market share is provided for channels measured by syndicated data which include sales in the food, drug, convenience store and mass merchandiser classes of trade, excluding sales of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Cost of Sales and Gross Margin
2008 compared with 2007
The cost of sales increase compared with 2007 was primarily associated with higher input and energy costs, and the full-year cost of sales for Godrej Hershey Ltd. which in 2007 included cost of sales for only the seven months subsequent to the acquisition of the business. These cost increases were offset partially by favorable supply chain productivity. Lower business realignment charges included in cost of sales in 2008 compared with 2007 also partially offset the cost of sales increases. Business realignment charges of $77.8 million were included in cost of sales in 2008, compared with $123.1 million in the prior year.
Gross margin increased primarily as a result of lower business realignment charges recorded in 2008 compared with 2007. Favorable price realization and improved supply chain productivity also contributed to the increase, but were offset substantially by higher input and energy costs.
2007 compared with 2006
Business realignment charges of $123.1 million were included in cost of sales in 2007, compared with a credit of $3.2 million included in cost of sales in 2006. The remainder of the cost of sales increase was primarily associated with significantly higher input costs, particularly for dairy products and certain other raw materials, and the Godrej Hershey Ltd. business acquired in May 2007, offset somewhat by favorable supply chain productivity.
The gross margin decline was primarily attributable to the impact of business realignment initiatives recorded in 2007 compared with 2006, resulting in a reduction of 2.6 percentage points. The rest of the decline reflected substantially higher costs for raw materials, offset somewhat by improved supply chain productivity. Also contributing to the decrease was lower net price realization due to higher promotional costs.
Selling, Marketing and Administrative
2008 compared with 2007
Selling, marketing and administrative expenses increased primarily as a result of higher costs associated with employee-related expenses, including higher incentive compensation expense, increased levels of retail coverage primarily in the United States and expansion of our international businesses. Higher advertising, marketing research and merchandising expenses also contributed to the increase. Expenses of $8.1 million related to our 2007 business realignment initiatives were included in selling, marketing and administrative expenses in 2008 compared with $12.6 million in 2007.
2007 compared with 2006
Selling, marketing and administrative expenses increased primarily as a result of higher administrative and advertising expenses, partially offset by lower consumer promotional expenses. Project implementation costs related to our 2007 business realignment initiatives contributed $12.6 million to the increase. Higher administrative costs were principally associated with employee-related expenses from the expansion of our international businesses, including the impact of the acquisition of Godrej Hershey Ltd.
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Business Realignment Initiatives and Impairment Charges
In February 2007, we announced a comprehensive, three-year supply chain transformation program (the global supply chain transformation program) and, in December 2007, we recorded impairment and business realignment charges associated with our business in Brazil (together, the 2007 business realignment initiatives).
When completed, the global supply chain transformation program will greatly enhance our manufacturing, sourcing and customer service capabilities, reduce inventories resulting in improvements in working capital and generate significant resources to invest in our growth initiatives. These initiatives include accelerated marketplace momentum within our core U.S. business, creation of innovative new product platforms to meet customer needs and disciplined global expansion. Under the program, which will be implemented in stages over three years, we will significantly increase manufacturing capacity utilization by reducing the number of production lines by more than one-third, outsource production of low value-added items and construct a flexible, cost-effective production facility in Monterrey, Mexico to meet current and emerging marketplace needs. The program will result in a total net reduction of 1,500 positions across our supply chain over the three-year implementation period.
The original estimated pre-tax cost of the program announced in February 2007 was from $525 million to $575 million over three years. The total included from $475 million to $525 million in business realignment costs and approximately $50 million in project implementation costs. Total costs of $130.0 million were recorded in 2008 and $400.0 million were recorded in 2007 for this program. Excluding possible pension settlement charges in 2009 and 2010, we now expect total charges for the global supply chain transformation program to be at the upper end of the $575 million to $600 million range, reflecting our latest estimates for the cost of the original program and an expansion in scope of the program approved in December 2008. The expansion in the scope of the program will include approximately $25.0 million associated with the closure of two subscale manufacturing facilities of Artisan Confections Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary, and consolidation of the associated production into existing U.S. facilities, along with costs associated with the rationalization of other select portfolio items. The affected facilities are located in Berkeley and San Francisco, California. These additional business realignment charges will be recorded in 2009 and include severance for approximately 150 impacted employees. For more information, see Outlook for Global Supply Chain Transformation Program on page 49.
In 2001, we acquired a small business in Brazil, Hershey do Brasil, that through 2007 had not gained profitable scale or adequate market distribution. In an effort to improve the performance of this business, in January 2008 Hershey do Brasil entered into a cooperative agreement with Pandurata Alimentos LTDA (Bauducco), a leading manufacturer of baked goods in Brazil whose primary brand is Bauducco. In the fourth quarter of 2007, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge and approved a business realignment program associated with initiatives to improve distribution and enhance the financial performance of our business in Brazil. Business realignment and impairment charges of $4.9 million were recorded in 2008 and $12.6 million were recorded in 2007.
In July 2005, we announced initiatives intended to advance our value-enhancing strategy (the 2005 business realignment initiatives). The 2005 business realignment initiatives consisted primarily of U.S. and Canadian Voluntary Workforce Reduction Programs and the closure of the Las Piedras, Puerto Rico plant. Charges (credits) for the 2005 business realignment initiatives were recorded during 2005 and 2006 and the 2005 business realignment initiatives were completed by December 31, 2006.
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Charges (credits) associated with business realignment initiatives and impairment recorded during 2008, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||
In thousands of dollars | |||||||||||
Cost of sales |
|||||||||||
2007 business realignment initiatives: |
|||||||||||
Global supply chain transformation program |
$ | 77,767 | $ | 123,090 | $ | | |||||
2005 business realignment initiatives |
| | (1,599 | ) | |||||||
Previous business realignment initiatives |
| | (1,600 | ) | |||||||
Total cost of sales |
77,767 | 123,090 | (3,199 | ) | |||||||
Selling, marketing and administrative |
|||||||||||
2007 business realignment initiatives: |
|||||||||||
Global supply chain transformation program |
8,102 | 12,623 | | ||||||||
2005 business realignment initiatives |
| | 266 | ||||||||
Total selling, marketing and administrative |
8,102 | 12,623 | 266 | ||||||||
Business realignment and impairment charges, net 2008 impairment of trademarks |
45,739 | | | ||||||||
2007 business realignment initiatives: |
|||||||||||
Global supply chain transformation program: |
|||||||||||
Net (gain on sale)/impairment of fixed assets |
(4,882 | ) | 47,938 | | |||||||
Plant closure expense |
23,415 | 13,506 | | ||||||||
Employee separation costs |
11,469 | 176,463 | | ||||||||
Pension settlement loss |
12,501 | 12,075 | | ||||||||
Contract termination costs |
1,637 | 14,316 | | ||||||||
Brazilian business realignment: |
|||||||||||
Goodwill impairment |
| 12,260 | | ||||||||
Employee separation costs |
1,581 | 310 | | ||||||||
Fixed asset impairment charges |
754 | | | ||||||||
Contract termination and other exit costs |
2,587 | | | ||||||||
2005 business realignment initiatives: |
|||||||||||
U.S. voluntary workforce reduction program |
| | 9,972 | ||||||||
U.S. facility rationalization |
| | 1,567 | ||||||||
Streamline international operations (primarily Canada) |
| | 2,524 | ||||||||
Previous business realignment initiatives |
| | 513 | ||||||||
Total business realignment and impairment charges, net |
94,801 | 276,868 | 14,576 | ||||||||
Total net charges associated with business realignment initiatives and impairment |
$ | 180,670 | $ | 412,581 | $ | 11,643 | |||||
Global Supply Chain Transformation Program
The 2008 charge of $77.8 million recorded in cost of sales for the global supply chain transformation program related primarily to the accelerated depreciation of fixed assets over a reduced estimated remaining useful life and start-up costs associated with the global supply chain transformation program. The $8.1 million recorded in selling, marketing and administrative expenses related primarily to project administration for the global supply chain transformation program. In determining the costs related to fixed asset impairments, fair value was estimated based on the expected sales proceeds. The $4.9 million of gains on sale of fixed assets resulted from the receipt of proceeds in excess of the carrying value primarily from the sale of a warehousing and distribution facility. The $23.4 million of plant closure expenses for 2008 related primarily to the preparation of plants for sale and production line removal costs.
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Certain real estate with a carrying value of $15.8 million was being held for sale as of December 31, 2008. The global supply chain transformation program employee separation costs were related to involuntary terminations at the North American manufacturing facilities which are being closed. The global supply chain transformation program had identified six manufacturing facilities which would be closed. As of December 31, 2008, the facilities located in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia; Montreal, Quebec; and Oakdale, California have been closed and sold. The facilities located in Naugatuck, Connecticut and Smiths Falls, Ontario have been closed and are being held for sale. The facility in Reading, Pennsylvania is being held and used pending closure, following which it will be offered for sale.
The 2007 charge of $123.1 million recorded in cost of sales for the global supply chain transformation program related primarily to the accelerated depreciation of fixed assets over a reduced estimated remaining useful life and costs related to inventory reductions. The $12.6 million recorded in selling, marketing and administrative expenses related primarily to project management and administration. In determining the costs related to fixed asset impairments, fair value was estimated based on the expected sales proceeds. Certain real estate with a carrying value of $40.2 million was being held for sale as of December 31, 2007. Employee separation costs included $79.0 million primarily for involuntary terminations at the six North American manufacturing facilities which are being closed. The employee separation costs also included $97.5 million for charges relating to pension and other post-retirement benefits curtailments and special termination benefits.
2008 Impairment of Trademarks
As a result of our annual impairment tests of intangible assets with useful lives determined to be indefinite, we recorded total impairment charges of $45.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2008. Certain trademarks, primarily the Mauna Loa brand, were determined to be impaired as a result of a decrease in the fair value of the brands resulting from reduced expectations for future sales and cash flows compared with the valuations of these trademarks at the acquisition dates. For more information, refer to pages 46 and 47.
Brazilian Business Realignment
The 2008 Brazilian business realignment charges and the 2007 employee separation costs were related to involuntary terminations and costs associated with office consolidation related to the cooperative agreement with Bauducco. During the fourth quarter of 2007, we completed our annual impairment evaluation of goodwill and other intangible assets. As a result of reduced expectations for future cash flows resulting primarily from lower expected profitability, we determined that the carrying amount of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Hershey do Brasil, exceeded its fair value and recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $12.3 million in December 2007. There was no tax benefit associated with this charge.
2005 Business Realignment Initiatives
The 2006 charges (credits) recorded in cost of sales relating to the 2005 business realignment initiatives included a credit of $1.6 million resulting from higher than expected proceeds from the sale of equipment from the Las Piedras plant. The charge recorded in selling, marketing and administrative expenses in 2006 resulted from accelerated depreciation relating to the termination of an office building lease. The net business realignment charges included $7.3 million for involuntary terminations in 2006.
The 2006 charges (credits) relating to previous business realignment initiatives which began in 2003 and 2001 resulted from the finalization of the sale of certain properties, adjustments to liabilities which had previously been recorded, and the impact of the settlement of litigation in connection with the 2003 business realignment initiatives.
Liabilities Associated with Business Realignment Initiatives
The liability balance as of December 31, 2008 relating to the 2007 business realignment initiatives was $31.0 million for employee separation costs to be paid primarily in 2009. The liability balance as of
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December 31, 2007 was $68.4 million, primarily related to employee separation costs. Charges for employee separation and contract termination costs of $12.9 million were recorded in 2008. During 2008 and 2007, we made payments against the liabilities recorded for the 2007 business realignment initiatives of $46.9 million and $13.2 million, respectively, principally related to employee separation and project administration. The liability balance as of December 31, 2008 was reduced by $3.4 million as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments.
Income Before Interest and Income Taxes and EBIT Margin
2008 compared with 2007
EBIT increased in 2008 compared with 2007 as a result of lower net business realignment charges. Net pre-tax business realignment charges of $180.7 million were recorded in 2008 compared with $412.6 million in 2007. The increase in EBIT resulting from lower business realignment charges and an increase in gross profit was substantially offset by higher selling, marketing and administrative expenses.
EBIT margin increased from 9.3% in 2007 to 11.5% in 2008. Net business realignment and impairment charges reduced EBIT margin by 3.5 percentage points in 2008 and 8.3 percentage points in 2007, resulting in an improvement in EBIT margin of 4.8 percentage points from 2007 to 2008. This impact was substantially offset by higher selling, marketing and administrative expense as a percentage of sales.
2007 compared with 2006
EBIT decreased in 2007 compared with 2006, principally as a result of higher net business realignment and impairment charges recorded in 2007. Net pre-tax business realignment and impairment charges of $412.6 million were recorded in 2007 compared with $11.6 million recorded in 2006, an increase of $400.9 million. The remainder of the decrease in EBIT was attributable to lower gross profit resulting primarily from higher input costs and higher selling, marketing and administrative expenses.
EBIT margin declined from 20.1% in 2006 to 9.3% in 2007. Net business realignment and impairment charges reduced EBIT margin by 8.3 percentage points in 2007. Net business realignment charges reduced EBIT margin by 0.2 percentage points in 2006. The remainder of the decrease primarily resulted from the lower gross margin, in addition to higher selling, marketing and administrative expense as a percentage of sales.
Interest Expense, Net
2008 compared with 2007
Net interest expense was lower in 2008 than in 2007 primarily due to lower interest rates and reduced borrowings as compared to the prior year.
2007 compared with 2006
Net interest expense was higher in 2007 than in 2006 primarily reflecting increased borrowings partially offset by lower interest rates.
Income Taxes and Effective Tax Rate
2008 compared with 2007
Our effective income tax rate was 36.7% in 2008, and was increased by 0.7 percentage points as a result of the effective tax rate associated with business realignment charges recorded during the year.
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2007 compared with 2006
Our effective income tax rate was 37.1% for 2007 and 36.2% for 2006. The impact of tax rates associated with business realignment and impairment charges increased the effective income tax rate for 2007 by 1.1 percentage points.
Net Income and Net Income Per Share
2008 compared with 2007
As a result of net charges associated with our business realignment initiatives, net income in 2008 was reduced by $119.1 million or $0.52 per share-diluted. After considering the impact of business realignment charges in each period, earnings per share-diluted in 2008 decreased $0.20 as compared with 2007.
2007 compared with 2006
Net income in 2007 was reduced by $267.7 million, or $1.15 per share-diluted, and in 2006 was reduced by $7.6 million, or $0.03 per share-diluted, as a result of net business realignment and impairment charges. Excluding the impact of these charges, earnings per share-diluted in 2007 decreased by $0.29 as compared with 2006 as a result of lower EBIT, offset somewhat by reduced interest expense and the impact of lower weighted-average shares outstanding in 2007.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
Our financial condition remained strong during 2008. Solid cash flow from operations and our liquidity, leverage and capital structure contributed to our continued investment grade credit rating by recognized rating agencies. The financial market turmoil and credit crisis, to date, have not had a material affect on our business operations or liquidity.
Acquisitions and Divestitures
In January 2008, our Brazilian subsidiary, Hershey do Brasil, entered into a cooperative agreement with Bauducco. In the fourth quarter of 2007, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge and approved a business realignment program associated with initiatives to improve distribution and enhance performance of our business in Brazil. In the first quarter of 2008, we received approximately $2.0 million in cash and recorded an other intangible asset of $13.7 million associated with the cooperative agreement with Bauducco in exchange for our conveying to Bauducco a 49% interest in Hershey do Brasil. We will maintain a 51% controlling interest in Hershey do Brasil.
In May 2007, we entered into an agreement with Godrej Beverages and Foods, Ltd., one of Indias largest consumer goods, confectionery and food companies, to manufacture and distribute confectionery products, snacks and beverages across India. Under the agreement, we invested $61.5 million during 2007 and own a 51% controlling interest in Godrej Hershey Ltd. Total liabilities assumed were $51.6 million. Effective in May 2007, this business acquisition was included in our consolidated results, including the related minority interest.
Also in May 2007, our Company and Lotte Confectionery Co., LTD., entered into a manufacturing agreement in China that will produce Hershey products and certain Lotte products for the markets in Asia, particularly in China. We invested $39.0 million in 2007 and own a 44% interest. We are accounting for this investment using the equity method.
In October 2006, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Artisan Confections Company, purchased the assets of Dagoba Organic Chocolates, LLC based in Ashland, Oregon, for $17.0 million. Dagoba is known for its high-quality organic chocolate bars, drinking chocolates and baking products that are primarily sold in natural food and gourmet stores across the United States.
Results subsequent to the dates of acquisition were included in the consolidated financial statements. Had the results of the acquisitions been included in the consolidated financial statements for each of the periods presented, the effect would not have been material.
Assets
A summary of our assets is as follows:
December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | ||||
In thousands of dollars | ||||||
Current assets |
$ | 1,344,945 | $ | 1,426,574 | ||
Property, plant and equipment, net |
1,458,949 | 1,539,715 | ||||
Goodwill and other intangibles |
665,449 | 740,575 | ||||
Deferred income taxes |
13,815 | | ||||
Other assets |
151,561 | 540,249 | ||||
Total assets |
$ | 3,634,719 | $ | 4,247,113 | ||
28
| The change in current assets from 2007 to 2008 was primarily due to the following: |
| Lower cash and cash equivalents in 2008 primarily as a result of decisions to reduce short-term borrowings; |
| A decrease in accounts receivable primarily resulting from the timing of sales and cash collections in November and December 2008 as compared with November and December 2007, along with a decrease in extended dated receivables associated with sales of seasonal items and new products; |
| An increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily reflecting assets associated with certain commodity and treasury hedging transactions. |
| Property, plant and equipment was lower in 2008 primarily due to depreciation expense of $227.2 million and asset retirements. Accelerated depreciation of fixed assets at facilities which are being closed as well as certain asset retirements resulted primarily from the global supply chain transformation program. |
| Goodwill and other intangibles decreased as a result of total impairment charges of $45.7 million associated with certain trademarks and the effect of currency translation adjustments, offset partially by the $13.7 million intangible asset associated with the cooperative agreement with Bauducco. |
| The decrease in other assets was primarily associated with the change in the funded status of our pension plans in 2008, resulting from a significant reduction in the fair value of pension plan assets. |
Liabilities
A summary of our liabilities is as follows:
December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | ||||
In thousands of dollars | ||||||
Current liabilities |
$ | 1,270,212 | $ | 1,618,770 | ||
Long-term debt |
1,505,954 | 1,279,965 | ||||
Other long-term liabilities |
504,963 | 544,016 | ||||
Deferred income taxes |
3,646 | 180,842 | ||||
Total liabilities |
$ | 3,284,775 | $ | 3,623,593 | ||
| Changes in current liabilities from 2007 to 2008 were primarily the result of the following: |
| Higher accounts payable reflecting the effect of working capital improvement initiatives and higher costs of goods and services; |
| Lower accrued liabilities primarily associated with the 2007 business realignment initiatives and certain executive retirement benefit payments in 2008, partially offset by higher expected incentive compensation payments in 2009; |
| A decrease in short-term debt reflecting repayments of commercial paper borrowings using the proceeds of the $250 million of Notes issued in March 2008 as well as cash provided from operations. |
| The increase in long-term debt in 2008 primarily resulted from the issuance of $250 million of Notes in March 2008, discussed further in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section. |
| The decrease in other long-term liabilities primarily reflects the impact of favorable claims experience and a higher discount rate used in determining the liability for our post-retirement benefit plans. |
| The decrease in deferred income tax liabilities was principally associated with the change in the funded status of our pension plans in 2008 and the tax effect of impairment charges related to certain trademarks. |
29
Capital Structure
We have two classes of stock outstanding, Common Stock and Class B Stock. Holders of the Common Stock and the Class B Stock generally vote together without regard to class on matters submitted to stockholders, including the election of directors. Holders of the Common Stock have one vote per share. Holders of the Class B Stock have ten votes per share. Holders of the Common Stock, voting separately as a class, are entitled to elect one-sixth of our Board of Directors. With respect to dividend rights, holders of the Common Stock are entitled to cash dividends 10% higher than those declared and paid on the Class B Stock.
Hershey Trust Company, as trustee for the benefit of Milton Hershey School (the Milton Hershey School Trust or the Trust) maintains voting control over The Hershey Company. Historically, the Milton Hershey School Trust had not taken an active role in setting our policy, nor had it exercised influence with regard to the ongoing business decisions of our Board of Directors or management. However, in October 2007, the Chairman of the Board of the Milton Hershey School Trust issued a statement indicating that the Trust continues to be guided by two key principles: first, that, in its role as controlling stockholder of the Company, it intends to retain its controlling interest in The Hershey Company and, second, that the long-term prosperity of the Company requires the Board of Directors of the Company and its management to build on its strong U.S. position by aggressively pursuing strategies for domestic and international growth. He further stated that the Milton Hershey School Trust had communicated to the Companys Board that the Trust was not satisfied with the Companys results and that, as a result, the Trust was actively engaged in an ongoing process, the goal of which has been to ensure vigorous Company Board focus on resolving the Companys current business challenges and on implementing new growth strategies. In that release, the Trust board chairman reiterated the Trusts longstanding position that the Company Board, and not the Trust board, is solely responsible and accountable for the Companys management and performance.
On November 11, 2007 we announced that all of the members of our Board of Directors had resigned except for Richard H. Lenny, who was at that time our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, David J. West, who was at that time President of the Company and currently serves as our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Robert F. Cavanaugh, who is also a member of the board of directors of Hershey Trust Company and board of managers (governing body) of Milton Hershey School. In addition, we announced that the Milton Hershey School Trust through stockholder action effected by written consent had amended the By-laws of the Company to allow the Companys stockholders to fix the number of directors to serve on our Board of Directors and from time to time to increase or decrease such number of directors, expanded the size of our Board of Directors from 11 directors to 13 directors, and appointed eight new directors, including two who are also members of the board of directors of Hershey Trust Company and board of managers of Milton Hershey School.
The Milton Hershey School Trust decided to explore a sale of The Hershey Company in June 2002, but subsequently decided to terminate the sale process in September 2002. After terminating the sale process, the Trustee of the Milton Hershey School Trust advised the Pennsylvania Office of Attorney General in September 2002 that it would not agree to any sale of its controlling interest in The Hershey Company without approval of the court having jurisdiction over the Milton Hershey School Trust following advance notice to the Office of Attorney General. Subsequently, Pennsylvania enacted legislation that requires that the Office of Attorney General be provided advance notice of any transaction that would result in the Milton Hershey School Trust no longer having voting control of the Company. The law provides specific statutory authority for the Attorney General to intercede and petition the Court having jurisdiction over the Milton Hershey School Trust to stop such a transaction if the Attorney General can prove that the transaction is unnecessary for the future economic viability of the Company and is inconsistent with investment and management considerations under fiduciary obligations. This legislation could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock and thereby delay or prevent a change in control of the Company.
In December 2000, our Board of Directors unanimously adopted a Stockholder Protection Rights Agreement (Rights Agreement). The Milton Hershey School Trust supported the Rights Agreement. This
30
action was not in response to any specific effort to acquire control of The Hershey Company. Under the Rights Agreement, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of one right (Right) for each outstanding share of Common Stock and Class B Stock payable to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 26, 2000. The Rights will at no time have voting power or receive dividends. The issuance of the Rights has no dilutive effect, will not affect reported earnings per share, is not taxable and will not change the manner in which our Common Stock is traded. We discuss the Rights Agreement in more detail in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our principal source of liquidity is operating cash flows. Our net income and, consequently, our cash provided from operations are impacted by: sales volume, seasonal sales patterns, timing of new product introductions, profit margins and price changes. Sales are typically higher during the third and fourth quarters of the year due to seasonal and holiday-related sales patterns. Generally, working capital needs peak during the summer months. We meet these needs primarily by issuing commercial paper.
Global capital and credit markets, including the commercial paper markets, have recently experienced increased volatility and disruption. Despite this volatility and disruption, we have continued to have full access to the tier 1 commercial paper market. We believe that our operating cash flow, together with our unsecured committed revolving credit facility, lines of credit and other available debt financing, will be adequate to meet current operating, investing and financing needs, although there can be no assurance that continued or increased volatility and disruption in the global capital and credit markets will not impair our ability to access these markets on commercially acceptable terms.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Our cash flows provided from (used by) operating activities were as follows:
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
In thousands of dollars | ||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 311,405 | $ | 214,154 | $ | 559,061 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
249,491 | 310,925 | 199,911 | |||||||||
Stock-based compensation and excess tax benefits |
22,196 | 9,526 | 16,323 | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes |
(17,125 | ) | (124,276 | ) | 4,173 | |||||||
Business realignment and impairment charges, net of tax |
119,117 | 267,653 | 7,573 | |||||||||
Contributions to pension plans |
(32,759 | ) | (15,836 | ) | (23,570 | ) | ||||||
Working capital |
65,791 | 148,019 | (40,553 | ) | ||||||||
Changes in other assets and liabilities |
(198,555 | ) | (31,329 | ) | 275 | |||||||
Net cash provided from operating activities |
$ | 519,561 | $ | 778,836 | $ | 723,193 | ||||||
| Over the past three years, total cash provided from operating activities was approximately $2.0 billion. |
| Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased in 2008 principally as the result of lower accelerated depreciation charges related to the 2007 business realignment initiatives compared with accelerated depreciation charges recorded in 2007. Accelerated depreciation recorded in 2008 was approximately $60.6 million compared with approximately $108.6 million recorded in 2007. Depreciation and amortization expenses represent non-cash items that impacted net income and are reflected in the consolidated statements of cash flows to reconcile cash flows from operating activities. |
| Cash used by deferred income taxes in 2008 and 2007 versus cash provided by deferred income taxes in 2006, primarily reflected the deferred tax benefit related to the 2007 business realignment and impairment charges recorded during 2008 and 2007. |
31
| We contributed $72.2 million to our pension plans over the past three years to improve the plans funded status and to pay benefits under the non-funded plans. As of December 31, 2008, our pension benefit obligations exceeded the fair value of our pension plan assets by $40.8 million. |
| Over the three-year period, cash provided from or used by working capital tended to fluctuate due to the timing of sales and cash collections during November and December of each year and working capital management practices, including initiatives implemented during 2007 and 2008 to reduce working capital. |
| During the three-year period, cash used by or provided from changes in other assets and liabilities primarily reflected the impact of business realignment initiatives and the related tax effects, as well as the effect of hedging transactions. |
| The decrease in income taxes paid in 2008 compared with 2007 primarily reflected the impact of lower taxable income for 2008. |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Our cash flows provided from (used by) investing activities were as follows:
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
In thousands of dollars | ||||||||||||
Capital additions |
$ | (262,643 | ) | $ | (189,698 | ) | $ | (183,496 | ) | |||
Capitalized software additions |
(20,336 | ) | (14,194 | ) | (15,016 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment |
82,815 | | | |||||||||
Business acquisitions |
| (100,461 | ) | (17,000 | ) | |||||||
Proceeds from divestitures |
1,960 | | | |||||||||
Net cash used by investing activities |
$ | (198,204 | ) | $ | (304,353 | ) | $ | (215,512 | ) | |||
| Capital additions associated with our global supply chain transformation program were approximately $162.6 million. Other capital additions were primarily related to modernization of existing facilities and purchases of manufacturing equipment for new products. |
| Capitalized software additions were primarily for ongoing enhancement of our information systems. |
| In 2008, we received $82.8 million in proceeds from the sale of manufacturing and distribution facilities under the global supply chain transformation program. |
| We anticipate total capital expenditures of approximately $175 million to $185 million in 2009 of which approximately $40 million to $50 million is associated with our global supply chain transformation program. |
| In January 2008, our Brazilian subsidiary, Hershey do Brasil, entered into a cooperative agreement with Bauducco. We received approximately $2.0 million in cash associated with the cooperative agreement in exchange for a 49% interest in Hershey do Brasil. |
| In May 2007, we entered into an agreement with Godrej Beverages and Foods, Ltd. to manufacture and distribute confectionery products, snacks and beverages across India. Under the agreement, we invested $61.5 million in this business during 2007. |
| In May 2007, our Company and Lotte Confectionery Co. LTD. entered into a manufacturing agreement to produce Hershey products and certain Lotte products for markets in Asia, particularly in China. We invested $39.0 million in this business during 2007. |
| In October 2006, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Artisan Confections Company, acquired the assets of Dagoba Organic Chocolates, LLC for $17.0 million. |
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Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Our cash flows provided from (used by) financing activities were as follows:
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
In thousands of dollars | ||||||||||||
Net change in short-term borrowings |
$ | (371,393 | ) | $ | 195,055 | $ | (163,826 | ) | ||||
Long-term borrowings |
247,845 | | 496,728 | |||||||||
Repayment of long-term debt |
(4,977 | ) | (188,891 | ) | (234 | ) | ||||||
Cash dividends paid |
(262,949 | ) | (252,263 | ) | (235,129 | ) | ||||||
Exercise of stock options |
38,383 | 59,958 | 46,386 | |||||||||
Repurchase of Common Stock |
(60,361 | ) | (256,285 | ) | (621,648 | ) | ||||||
Net cash used by financing activities |
$ | (413,452 | ) | $ | (442,426 | ) | $ | (477,723 | ) | |||
| We use short-term borrowings (commercial paper and bank borrowings) to fund seasonal working capital requirements and ongoing business needs. Additional information on short-term borrowings is included under Borrowing Arrangements below. |
| In March 2008, we issued $250 million of 5.0% Notes due in 2013. The Notes were issued under a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 filed in May 2006 described under Registration Statements below. |
| In March 2007, we repaid $150.0 million of 6.95% Notes due in 2007. |
| In August 2006, we issued $250 million of 5.3% Notes due in 2011 and $250 million of 5.45% Notes due in 2016 under the shelf registration statement on Form S-3 filed in May 2006. |
| We paid cash dividends of $197.8 million on our Common Stock and $65.1 million on our Class B Stock in 2008. |
| Cash used for the repurchase of Common Stock was partially offset by cash received from the exercise of stock options. |
Repurchases and Issuances of Common Stock
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||||
In thousands | Shares | Dollars | Shares | Dollars | Shares | Dollars | |||||||||||||||
Shares repurchased under pre-approved share repurchase programs: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Open market repurchases |
| $ | | 2,916 | $ | 149,983 | 9,912 | $ | 524,387 | ||||||||||||
Milton Hershey School Trust repurchases |
| | | | 689 | 38,482 | |||||||||||||||
Shares repurchased to replace Treasury Stock issued for stock options and employee benefits |
1,610 | 60,361 | 2,046 | 106,302 | 1,096 | 58,779 | |||||||||||||||
Total share repurchases |
1,610 | 60,361 | 4,962 | 256,285 | 11,697 | 621,648 | |||||||||||||||
Shares issued for stock options and employee benefits |
(1,595 | ) | (51,992 | ) | (1,748 | ) | (56,670 | ) | (1,437 | ) | (44,564 | ) | |||||||||
Net change |
15 | $ | 8,369 | 3,214 | $ | 199,615 | 10,260 | $ | 577,084 | ||||||||||||
| We intend to continue to repurchase shares of Common Stock in order to replace Treasury Stock shares issued for exercised stock options. The value of shares purchased in a given period will vary based on stock options exercised over time and market conditions. |
| During 2006, we completed share repurchase programs of $250 million approved in April 2005 and $500 million approved in December 2005. In December 2006, our Board of Directors approved an additional $250 million share repurchase program. As of December 31, 2008, $100.0 million remained available for repurchases of Common Stock under this program. |
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Cumulative Share Repurchases and Issuances
A summary of cumulative share repurchases and issuances is as follows:
Shares | Dollars | ||||||
In thousands | |||||||
Shares repurchased under authorized programs: |
|||||||
Open market repurchases |
57,436 | $ | 1,984,431 | ||||
Repurchases from the Milton Hershey School Trust |
11,918 | 245,550 | |||||
Shares retired |
(1,056 | ) | (12,820 | ) | |||
Total repurchases under authorized programs |
68,298 | 2,217,161 | |||||
Privately negotiated purchases from the Milton Hershey School Trust |
67,282 | 1,501,373 | |||||
Shares reissued for stock option obligations, supplemental retirement contributions, and employee stock ownership trust obligations |
(29,090 | ) | (762,543 | ) | |||
Shares repurchased to replace reissued shares |
26,377 | 1,053,940 | |||||
Total held as Treasury Stock as of December 31, 2008 |
132,867 | $ | 4,009,931 | ||||
Borrowing Arrangements
We maintain debt levels we consider prudent based on our cash flow, interest coverage ratio and percentage of debt to capital. We use debt financing to lower our overall cost of capital which increases our return on stockholders equity.
| In December 2006, we entered into a five-year agreement establishing an unsecured committed revolving credit facility to borrow up to $1.1 billion, with an option to increase borrowings to $1.5 billion with the consent of the lenders. During the fourth quarter of 2007, the lenders approved an extension of this agreement by one year in accordance with our option under the agreement. The five-year agreement will now expire in December 2012. As of December 31, 2008, $1.1 billion was available to borrow under the agreement. The unsecured revolving credit agreement contains certain financial and other covenants, customary representations, warranties, and events of default. As of December 31, 2008, we complied with all of these covenants. We may use these funds for general corporate purposes, including commercial paper backstop and business acquisitions. |
| In August 2007, we entered into an unsecured revolving short-term credit agreement to borrow up to an additional $300 million because we believed at the time that seasonal working capital needs, share repurchases and other business activities would cause our borrowings to exceed the $1.1 billion borrowing limit available under our five-year credit agreement. We used the funds borrowed under this new agreement for general corporate purposes, including commercial paper backstop. Although the new agreement was scheduled to expire in August 2008, we elected to terminate it in June 2008 because we determined that we no longer needed the additional borrowing capacity provided by the agreement. |
| In March 2006, we entered into a short-term credit agreement establishing an unsecured revolving credit facility to borrow up to $400 million through September 2006. In September 2006, we entered into an agreement amending the short-term facility. The amended agreement reduced the credit limit from $400 million to $200 million and expired on December 1, 2006. We used the funds for general corporate purposes, including commercial paper backstop. We entered into this agreement because we expected borrowings to exceed the $900 million credit limit available under the revolving credit agreement in effect at that time. |
| In addition to the revolving credit facility, we maintain lines of credit with domestic and international commercial banks. As of December 31, 2008, we could borrow up to approximately $67.1 million in various currencies under the lines of credit and as of December 31, 2007, we could borrow up to $57.0 million. |
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Registration Statements
| In May 2006, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 that registered an indeterminate amount of debt securities. This registration statement was effective immediately upon filing under Securities and Exchange Commission regulations governing well-known seasoned issuers (the WKSI Registration Statement). |
| In August 2006, we issued $250 million of 5.3% Notes due September 1, 2011, and $250 million of 5.45% Notes due September 1, 2016. These Notes were issued under the WKSI Registration Statement. |
| In March 2008, we issued $250 million of 5.0% Notes due April 1, 2013. The Notes were issued under the WKSI Registration Statement. |
| Proceeds from the debt issuances and any other offerings under the WKSI Registration Statement may be used for general corporate requirements. These may include reducing existing borrowings, financing capital additions, funding contributions to our pension plans, future business acquisitions and working capital requirements. |
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS, CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND COMMITMENTS
As of December 31, 2008, our contractual cash obligations by year were as follows:
Payments Due by Year | |||||||||||||||||||||
In thousands of dollars | |||||||||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations |
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Thereafter | Total | ||||||||||||||
Unconditional Purchase Obligations |
$ | 1,103,400 | $ | 492,400 | $ | 122,100 | $ | 84,900 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,802,800 | |||||||
Non-cancelable Operating Leases |
14,857 | 11,188 | 8,911 | 7,960 | 4,269 | 13,919 | 61,104 | ||||||||||||||
Long-term Debt |
18,384 | 2,990 | 253,298 | 151,799 | 250,000 | 847,867 | 1,524,338 | ||||||||||||||
Total Obligations |
$ | 1,136,641 | $ | 506,578 | $ | 384,309 | $ | 244,659 | $ | 254,269 | $ | 861,786 | $ | 3,388,242 | |||||||
In entering into contractual obligations, we have assumed the risk that might arise from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts. We mitigate this risk by performing financial assessments prior to contract execution, conducting periodic evaluations of counterparty performance and maintaining a diverse portfolio of qualified counterparties. Our risk is limited to replacing the contracts at prevailing market rates. We do not expect any significant losses resulting from counterparty defaults.
Purchase Obligations
We enter into certain obligations for the purchase of raw materials. These obligations were primarily in the form of forward contracts for the purchase of raw materials from third-party brokers and dealers. These contracts minimize the effect of future price fluctuations by fixing the price of part or all of these purchase obligations. Total obligations for each year presented above, consists of fixed price contracts for the purchase of commodities and unpriced contracts that were valued using market prices as of December 31, 2008.
The cost of commodities associated with the unpriced contracts is variable as market prices change over future periods. We mitigate the variability of these costs to the extent we have entered into commodities futures contracts to hedge our costs for those periods. Increases or decreases in market prices are offset by gains or losses on commodities futures contracts. This applies to the extent that we have hedged the unpriced contracts as of December 31, 2008 and in future periods by entering into commodities futures contracts. Taking delivery of and making payments for the specific commodities for use in the manufacture of finished goods satisfies our obligations under the forward purchase contracts. For each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, we satisfied these obligations by taking delivery of and making payment for the specific commodities.
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Asset Retirement Obligations
Our Company has a number of facilities that contain varying amounts of asbestos in certain locations within the facilities. Our asbestos management program is compliant with current applicable regulations. Current regulations require that we handle or dispose of this type of asbestos in a special manner if such facilities undergo major renovations or are demolished. We believe we do not have sufficient information to estimate the fair value of any asset retirement obligations related to these facilities. We cannot specify the settlement date or range of potential settlement dates and, therefore, sufficient information is not available to apply an expected present value technique. We expect to maintain the facilities with repairs and maintenance activities that would not involve or require the removal of asbestos.
As of December 31, 2008, certain real estate associated with the closure of facilities under the global supply chain transformation program is being held for sale. We are not aware of any significant obligations related to the environmental remediation of these facilities which has not been reflected in our current estimates.
Income Tax Obligations
We base our deferred income taxes, accrued income taxes and provision for income taxes upon income, statutory tax rates, the legal structure of our Company and interpretation of tax laws. We are regularly audited by Federal, state and foreign tax authorities. From time to time, these audits result in assessments of additional tax. We maintain reserves for such assessments. We adjust the reserves, from time to time, based upon changing facts and circumstances, such as receiving audit assessments or clearing of an item for which a reserve has been established. Assessments of additional tax require cash payments. We are not aware of any significant income tax assessments. The amount of tax obligations is not included in the table of contractual cash obligations by year on page 35 because we are unable to reasonably predict the ultimate amount or timing of settlement of our reserves for income taxes.
ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND MARKET RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
We use certain derivative instruments, from time to time, including interest rate swaps, foreign currency forward exchange contracts and options, and commodities futures and options contracts, to manage interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate and commodity market price risk exposures, respectively. We enter into interest rate swap agreements and foreign exchange forward contracts and options for periods consistent with related underlying exposures. These derivative instruments do not constitute positions independent of those exposures. We enter into commodities futures and options contracts for varying periods. These futures and options contracts are intended to be, and are effective as hedges of market price risks associated with anticipated raw material purchases, energy requirements and transportation costs. We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading purposes and are not a party to any instruments with leverage or prepayment features. In entering into these contracts, we have assumed the risk that might arise from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts. We mitigate this risk by performing financial assessments prior to contract execution, conducting periodic evaluations of counterparty performance and maintaining a diverse portfolio of qualified counterparties. We do not expect any significant losses from counterparty defaults.
Accounting Under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133
We account for derivative instruments in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended (SFAS No. 133). SFAS No. 133 provides that we report the effective portion of the gain or loss on a derivative instrument designated and qualifying as a cash flow hedging instrument as a component of other comprehensive income. We reclassify the effective portion of the gain or loss on these derivative instruments into income in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The remaining gain or loss on the derivative instrument resulting from hedge ineffectiveness, if any, must be recognized currently in earnings.
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Fair value hedges pertain to derivative instruments that qualify as a hedge of exposures to changes in the fair value of a firm commitment or assets and liabilities recognized on the balance sheet. For fair value hedges, we reflect the gain or loss on the derivative instrument in earnings in the period of change together with the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item. The effect of that accounting is to reflect in earnings the extent to which the hedge is not effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value.
As of December 31, 2008, we designated and accounted for all derivative instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts and commodities futures contracts, as cash flow hedges. Additional information regarding accounting policies associated with derivative instruments is contained in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
The information below summarizes our market risks associated with long-term debt and derivative instruments outstanding as of December 31, 2008. Note 1, Note 5 and Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provide additional information.
Long-Term Debt
The table below presents the principal cash flows and related interest rates by maturity date for long-term debt, including the current portion, as of December 31, 2008. We determined the fair value of long-term debt based upon quoted market prices for the same or similar debt issues.
Maturity Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Thereafter | Total | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In thousands of dollars except for rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term Debt |
$ | 18,384 | $ | 2,990 | $ | 253,298 | $ | 151,799 | $ | 250,000 | $ | 847,867 | $ | 1,524,338 | $ | 1,594,973 | |||||||||||||||
Interest Rate |
10.0 | % | 8.5 | % | 5.4 | % | 7.0 | % | 5.0 | % | 6.2 | % | 6.0 | % |
We calculated the interest rates on variable rate obligations using the rates in effect as of December 31, 2008.
Interest Rate Swaps
In order to minimize financing costs and to manage interest rate exposure, from time to time, we enter into interest rate swap agreements.
In December 2005, we entered into forward swap agreements to hedge interest rate exposure related to $500 million of term financing to be executed during 2006. In February 2006, we terminated a forward swap agreement hedging the anticipated execution of $250 million of term financing because the transaction was no longer expected to occur by the originally specified time period or within an additional two-month period of time thereafter. We recorded a gain of $1.0 million in the first quarter of 2006 as a result of the discontinuance of this cash flow hedge. In August 2006, a forward swap agreement hedging the anticipated issuance of $250 million of 10-year notes matured resulting in cash receipts of $3.7 million. The $3.7 million gain on the swap will be amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the term of the $250 million of 5.45% Notes due September 1, 2016.
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007 we were not a party to any interest rate swap agreements.
Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts
We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge transactions denominated in foreign currencies. These transactions are primarily purchase commitments or forecasted purchases of equipment, raw materials and finished goods. We also may hedge payment of forecasted intercompany transactions with our subsidiaries outside the United States. These contracts reduce currency risk from exchange rate movements. We generally hedge foreign currency price risks for periods from 3 to 24 months.
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Foreign exchange forward contracts are effective as hedges of identifiable, foreign currency commitments. We designate our foreign exchange forward contracts as cash flow hedging derivatives. The fair value of these contracts is classified as either an asset or liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We record gains and losses on these contracts as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassify them into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.
A summary of foreign exchange forward contracts and the corresponding amounts at contracted forward rates is as follows:
December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Contract Amount |
Primary Currencies |
Contract Amount |
Primary Currencies | |||||
In millions of dollars | ||||||||
Foreign exchange forward contracts to purchase foreign currencies |
$0.8 | Euros Swiss francs Mexican pesos |
$13.8 | British pounds Australian dollars Euros | ||||
Foreign exchange forward contracts to sell foreign currencies |
$68.1 | Canadian dollars Australian dollars |
$86.7 | Canadian dollars Brazilian reais Mexican pesos |
We define the fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts as the amount of the difference between the contracted and current market foreign currency exchange rates at the end of the period. We estimate the fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts on a quarterly basis by obtaining market quotes of spot and forward rates for contracts with similar terms, adjusted where necessary for maturity differences.
A summary of the fair value and market risk associated with foreign exchange forward contracts is as follows:
December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | |||||
In millions of dollars | |||||||
Fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts, netasset (liability) |
$ | 10.3 | $ | (2.1 | ) | ||
Potential net loss in fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts of ten percent resulting from a hypothetical near-term adverse change in market rates |
$ | 1.0 | $ | .2 |
Our risk related to foreign exchange forward contracts is limited to the cost of replacing the contracts at prevailing market rates.
CommoditiesPrice Risk Management and Futures Contracts
Our most significant raw material requirements include cocoa products, sugar, dairy products, peanuts and almonds. The cost of cocoa products and prices for related futures contracts historically have been subject to wide fluctuations attributable to a variety of factors. These factors include:
| the effect of weather on crop yield; |
| imbalances between supply and demand; |
| currency exchange rates; |
| political unrest in producing countries; and |
| speculative influences. |
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We use futures and options contracts in combination with forward purchasing of cocoa products, sugar, corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel oil and certain dairy products primarily to provide favorable pricing opportunities and flexibility in sourcing our raw material and energy requirements. We attempt to minimize the effect of future price fluctuations related to the purchase of raw materials by using forward purchasing to cover future manufacturing requirements generally for 3 to 24 months. However, the dairy futures markets are not as developed as many of the other commodities markets and, therefore, there are limited opportunities to hedge our costs by taking forward positions to extend coverage beyond three to six months. We use fuel oil futures contracts to minimize price fluctuations associated with our transportation costs. Our commodity procurement practices are intended to reduce the risk of future price increases and provide visibility to future costs, but also may potentially limit our ability to benefit from possible price decreases.
During 2008, cocoa prices traded in a range between $.86 and $1.50 per pound, based on the prices of IntercontinentalExchange futures contracts. Cocoa futures traded at prices which were near 30-year highs by mid-year primarily reflecting speculative commodity fund trading activity. During the fourth quarter of 2008, a reduction in anticipated demand associated with deteriorating economic conditions in addition to strengthening of the U.S. dollar in relation to other relevant foreign currencies resulted in the significant liquidation of cocoa futures positions by speculative commodity funds. This resulted in a substantial decrease in cocoa futures market prices near the end of the year.
During 2008, dairy prices have come down from unprecedented highs set in 2007, starting the year at nearly $.20 per pound and dropping to $.15 per pound on a class II fluid milk basis. Prices have weakened in response to strong production of milk and dairy products and slowing demand worldwide.
We account for commodities futures contracts in accordance with SFAS No. 133. We make or receive cash transfers to or from commodity futures brokers on a daily basis reflecting changes in the value of futures contracts on the IntercontinentalExchange or various other exchanges. These changes in value represent unrealized gains and losses. We report these cash transfers as a component of other comprehensive income. The cash transfers offset higher or lower cash requirements for the payment of future invoice prices of raw materials, energy requirements and transportation costs. Futures held in excess of the amount required to fix the price of unpriced physical forward contracts are effective as hedges of anticipated purchases.
Sensitivity Analysis
The following sensitivity analysis reflects our market risk to a hypothetical adverse market price movement of ten percent, based on our net commodity positions at four dates spaced equally throughout the year. Our net commodity positions consist of the amount of futures contracts we hold over or under the amount of futures contracts we need to price unpriced physical forward contracts for the same commodities. Inventories, priced forward contracts and estimated anticipated purchases not yet under contract were not included in the sensitivity analysis calculations. We define a loss, for purposes of determining market risk, as the potential decrease in fair value or the opportunity cost resulting from the hypothetical adverse price movement. The fair values of net commodity positions reflect quoted market prices or estimated future prices, including estimated carrying costs corresponding with the future delivery period.
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||
Fair Value |
Market Risk (Hypothetical 10% Change) |
Fair Value |
Market Risk (Hypothetical 10% Change) | |||||||||||
In millions of dollars | ||||||||||||||
Highest long position |
$ | (357.1 | ) | $ | 35.7 | $ | (112.5 | ) | $ | 11.3 | ||||
Lowest long position |
(574.1 | ) | 57.4 | (460.9 | ) | 46.1 | ||||||||
Average position (long) |
(440.6 | ) | 44.1 | (317.0 | ) | 31.7 |
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The decrease in fair values from 2007 to 2008 primarily reflected a decrease in net commodity positions, which more than offset the impact of higher prices in 2008. The negative positions primarily resulted as unpriced physical forward contract futures requirements exceeded the amount of commodities futures that we held at certain points in time during the years.
Sensitivity analysis disclosures represent forward-looking statements which are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those presently anticipated or projected. Factors that could affect the sensitivity analysis disclosures include:
| significant increases or decreases in market prices reflecting fluctuations attributable to the effect of weather on crop yield; |
| imbalances between supply and demand; |
| currency exchange rates; |
| political unrest in producing countries; |
| speculative influences; and |
| changes in our hedging strategies. |
USE OF ESTIMATES AND OTHER CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. In various instances, GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We believe that our most critical accounting policies and estimates relate to the following:
| Accounts ReceivableTrade |
| Accrued Liabilities |
| Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefits Plans |
| Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets |
| Commodities Futures Contracts |
Management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. While we base estimates and assumptions on our knowledge of current events and actions we may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately differ from these estimates and assumptions. For a discussion of our significant accounting policies, refer to Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounts ReceivableTrade
In the normal course of business, we extend credit to customers that satisfy pre-defined credit criteria based upon the results of our recurring financial account reviews and our evaluation of the current and projected economic conditions. Our primary concentration of credit risk is associated with McLane Company, Inc., one of the largest wholesale distributors in the United States to convenience stores, drug stores, wholesale clubs and mass merchandisers. McLane Company, Inc. accounted for approximately 27.3% of our total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2008. As of December 31, 2008, no other customer accounted for more than 10% of our total accounts receivable. We believe that we have little concentration of credit risk associated with the remainder of our customer base.
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Accounts ReceivableTrade, as shown on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were net of allowances and anticipated discounts. An allowance for doubtful accounts is determined through analysis of the following:
| Aging of accounts receivable at the date of the financial statements; |
| Assessments of collectibility based on historical trends; and |
| Evaluation of the impact of current and projected economic conditions. |
We monitor the collectibility of our accounts receivable on an ongoing basis by analyzing aged accounts receivable, assessing the credit worthiness of our customers and evaluating the impact of reasonably likely changes in economic conditions that may impact credit risks. Estimates with regard to the collectibility of accounts receivable are reasonably likely to change in the future.
Information on our Accounts ReceivableTrade, related expenses and assumptions is as follows:
For the three-year period |
2006-2008 | |
In millions of dollars, except percents | ||
Average expense for potential uncollectible accounts |
$1.0 | |
Average write-offs of uncollectible accounts |
$1.1 | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of gross accounts receivable |
1% 2% |
| We recognize the provision for uncollectible accounts as selling, marketing and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. |
| If we made reasonably possible near-term changes in the most material assumptions regarding collectibility of accounts receivable, our annual provision could change within the following range: |
| A reduction in expense of approximately $4.5 million; and |
| An increase in expense of approximately $4.8 million. |
| Changes in estimates for future uncollectible accounts receivable would not have a material impact on our liquidity or capital resources. |
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities requiring the most difficult or subjective judgments include liabilities associated with marketing promotion programs and potentially unsaleable products.
Liabilities associated with marketing promotion programs
We recognize the costs of marketing promotion programs as a reduction to net sales along with a corresponding accrued liability based on estimates at the time of revenue recognition.
Information on our promotional costs and assumptions is as follows:
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||
In millions of dollars | |||||||||
Promotional costs |
$ | 766.6 | $ | 702.1 | $ | 631.7 |
| We determine the amount of the accrued liability by: |
| Analysis of programs offered; |
| Historical trends; |
| Expectations regarding customer and consumer participation; |
| Sales and payment trends; and |
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| Experience with payment patterns associated with similar, previously offered programs. |
| The estimated costs of these programs are reasonably likely to change in the future due to changes in trends with regard to customer and consumer participation, particularly for new programs and for programs related to the introduction of new products. |
| Reasonably possible near-term changes in the most material assumptions regarding the cost of promotional programs could result in changes within the following range: |
| A reduction in costs of approximately $14.5 million |
| An increase in costs of approximately $6.0 million |
| Changes in these assumptions would affect net sales and income before income taxes. |
| Over the three-year period ended December 31, 2008, actual promotion costs have not deviated from the estimated amounts by more than 4%. |
| Changes in estimates related to the cost of promotional programs would not have a material impact on our liquidity or capital resources. |
Liabilities associated with potentially unsaleable products
| At the time of sale, we estimate a cost for the possibility that products will become aged or unsaleable in the future. The estimated cost is included as a reduction to net sales. |
| A related accrued liability is determined using statistical analysis that incorporates historical sales trends, seasonal timing and sales patterns, and product movement at retail. |
| Estimates for costs associated with unsaleable products may change as a result of inventory levels in the distribution channel, current economic trends, changes in consumer demand, the introduction of new products and changes in trends of seasonal sales in response to promotional programs. |
| Over the three-year period ended December 31, 2008, costs associated with aged or unsaleable products have amounted to approximately 2% of gross sales. |
| Reasonably possible near-term changes in the most material assumptions regarding the estimates of such costs would have increased or decreased net sales and income before income taxes in a range from $.9 million to $1.8 million. |
| Over the three-year period ended December 31, 2008, actual costs have not deviated from our estimates by more than approximately 1%. |
| Reasonably possible near-term changes in the estimates of costs associated with unsaleable products would not have a material impact on our liquidity or capital resources. |
Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Plans
Overview
We sponsor a number of defined benefit pension plans. The primary plans are The Hershey Company Retirement Plan and The Hershey Company Retirement Plan for Hourly Employees. These are cash balance plans that provide pension benefits for most domestic employees hired prior to January 1, 2007. We monitor legislative and regulatory developments regarding cash balance plans, as well as recent court cases, for any impact on our plans. We also sponsor two primary post-retirement benefit plans. The health care plan is contributory, with participants contributions adjusted annually, and the life insurance plan is non-contributory.
We fund domestic pension liabilities in accordance with the limits imposed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and Federal income tax laws. Beginning January 1, 2008, we complied with the
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funding requirements of the Pension Protection Act of 2006. We fund non-domestic pension liabilities in accordance with laws and regulations applicable to those plans. We broadly diversify our pension plan assets, consisting primarily of domestic and international common stocks and fixed income securities. Short-term and long-term liabilities associated with benefit plans are primarily determined based on actuarial calculations. These calculations consider payroll and employee data, including age and years of service, along with actuarial assumptions at the date of the financial statements. We take into consideration long-term projections with regard to economic conditions, including interest rates, return on assets and the rate of increase in compensation levels. With regard to liabilities associated with post-retirement benefit plans that provide health care and life insurance, we take into consideration the long-term annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of the covered benefits. In compliance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 87, Employers Accounting for Pensions, and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 106, Employers Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions, we review the discount rate assumptions and may revise them annually. The expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption (asset return assumption) for funded plans is by its nature of a longer duration and revised only when long-term asset return projections demonstrate that need.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132 (R) (SFAS No. 158). SFAS No. 158 requires an employer that is a business entity and sponsors one or more single-employer defined benefit plans to:
| Recognize the funded status of a benefit planmeasured as the difference between plan assets at fair value and the benefit obligationin its statement of financial position. For a pension plan, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation; for any other post-retirement benefit plan, such as a retiree health care plan, the benefit obligation is the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation. |
| Recognize as a component of other comprehensive income, net of tax, the gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period but are not recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost. |
| Measure defined benefit plan assets and obligations as of the date of the employers fiscal year-end statement of financial position. |
| Disclose in the notes to financial statements additional information about certain effects on net periodic benefit cost for the next fiscal year that arise from delayed recognition of the gains or losses, prior service costs or credits, and transition asset or obligation. |
We adopted the recognition and related disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 158 as of December 31, 2006.
Pension Plans
Our pension plan costs and related assumptions were as follows:
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
In millions of dollars | ||||||||||||
Net periodic pension benefit (income) costs |
$ | (17.4 | ) | $ | (9.0 | ) | $ | 25.3 | ||||
Assumptions: |
||||||||||||
Average discount rate assumptionsnet periodic benefit cost calculation |
6.3 | % | 5.8 | % | 5.4 | % | ||||||
Average discount rate assumptionsbenefit obligation calculation |
6.4 | % | 6.2 | % | 5.7 | % | ||||||
Asset return assumptions |
8.5 | % | 8.5 | % | 8.5 | % |
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Net Periodic Pension Benefit Costs
We recorded net periodic pension benefit income in 2008 primarily due to the modifications announced in October 2006 which reduced future benefits under The Hershey Company Retirement Plan, The Hershey Company Retirement Plan for Hourly Employees and the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan and the impact of a higher discount rate assumption as of December 31, 2007. We expect to incur periodic pension benefit costs in 2009 of approximately $50 million compared with income of approximately $17.4 million in 2008, principally as a result of the significant decline in the value of pension plan assets during 2008 reflecting the unprecedented volatility and deterioration in financial market and economic conditions.
Actuarial gains and losses may arise when actual experience differs from assumed experience or when we revise the actuarial assumptions used to value the plans obligations. We only amortize the unrecognized net actuarial gains/losses in excess of 10% of a respective plans projected benefit obligation, or the fair market value of assets, if greater. The estimated recognized net actuarial loss component of net periodic pension benefit expense for 2009 is $33.6 million. The 2008 recognized net actuarial gain component of net periodic pension benefit income was $.5 million. Projections beyond 2009 are dependent on a variety of factors such as changes to the discount rate and the actual return on pension plan assets.
Average Discount Rate AssumptionNet Periodic Benefit (Income) Costs
The discount rate represents the estimated rate at which we could effectively settle our pension benefit obligations. In order to estimate this rate for 2008 and 2007, a single effective rate of discount was determined by our actuaries after discounting the pension obligations cash flows using the spot rate of matching duration from the Citigroup Pension Discount Curve.
The use of a different discount rate assumption can significantly affect net periodic benefit (income) cost:
| A one-percentage point decrease in the discount rate assumption would have decreased 2008 net periodic pension benefit income by $9.3 million. |
| A one-percentage point increase in the discount rate assumption would have increased 2008 net periodic pension benefit income by $2.6 million. |
Average Discount Rate AssumptionBenefit Obligations
The discount rate assumption to be used in calculating the amount of benefit obligations is determined in the same manner as the average discount rate assumption used to calculate net periodic benefit (income) cost as described above. We increased our 2008 discount rate assumption due to the increasing interest rate environment consistent with the duration of our pension plan liabilities.
The use of a different discount rate assumption can significantly affect the amount of benefit obligations:
| A one-percentage point decrease in the discount rate assumption would have increased the December 31, 2008 pension benefits obligations by $96.6 million. |
| A one-percentage point increase in the discount rate assumption would have decreased the December 31, 2008 pension benefits obligations by $81.8 million. |
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Asset Return Assumptions
We based the expected return on plan assets component of net periodic pension benefit (income) costs on the fair market value of pension plan assets. To determine the expected return on plan assets, we consider the current and expected asset allocations, as well as historical and expected returns on the categories of plan assets. The historical geometric average return over the 21 years prior to December 31, 2008 was approximately 7.7%. The actual return on assets was as follows:
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||
Actual (loss) return on assets |
(24.1 | )% | 7.1 | % | 15.7 | % |
The use of a different asset return assumption can significantly affect net periodic benefit (income) cost:
| A one-percentage point decrease in the asset return assumption would have decreased 2008 net periodic pension benefit income by $13.2 million. |
| A one-percentage point increase in the asset return assumption would have increased 2008 net periodic pension benefit income by $13.0 million. |
Our asset investment policies specify ranges of asset allocation percentages for each asset class. The ranges for the domestic pension plans were as follows:
Asset Class |
Allocation Range | |
Equity securities |
58% 85% | |
Debt securities |
15% 42% | |
Cash and certain other investments |
0% 5% |
As of December 31, 2008, actual allocations were within the specified ranges. We expect the level of volatility in pension plan asset returns to be in line with the overall volatility of the markets and weightings within the asset classes. As of December 31, 2008, the benefit plan fixed income assets were invested primarily in conventional instruments benchmarked to the Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Bond Index and direct exposure to highly volatile, risky sectors, such as sub-prime mortgages, was minimal.
For 2008 and 2007, minimum funding requirements for the plans were not material. However, we made contributions of $32.8 million in 2008 and $15.8 million in 2007 to improve the funded status of our qualified plans and for the payment of benefits under our non-qualified pension plans. These contributions were fully tax deductible. A one-percentage point change in the funding discount rate would not have changed the 2008 minimum funding requirements significantly for the domestic plans. For 2009, there are no significant minimum funding requirements for our pension plans.
Post-Retirement Benefit Plans
Other post-retirement benefit plan costs and related assumptions were as follows:
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
In millions of dollars | ||||||||||||
Net periodic other post-retirement benefit cost |
$ | 21.6 | $ | 24.7 | $ | 28.7 | ||||||
Assumptions: |
||||||||||||
Average discount rate assumption |
6.3 | % | 5.8 | % | 5.4 | % |
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The use of a different discount rate assumption can significantly affect net periodic other post-retirement benefit cost:
| A one-percentage point decrease in the discount rate assumption would have decreased 2008 net periodic other post-retirement benefit cost by $.6 million. |
| A one-percentage point increase in the discount rate assumption would have increased 2008 net periodic other post-retirement benefit cost by $1.0 million. |
Other post-retirement benefit obligations and assumptions were as follows:
December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | ||||||
In millions of dollars | ||||||||
Other post-retirement benefit obligation |
$ | 315.4 | $ | 362.9 | ||||
Assumptions: |
||||||||
Benefit obligations discount rate assumption |
6.4 | % | 6.2 | % |
| A one-percentage point decrease in the discount rate assumption would have increased the December 31, 2008 other post-retirement benefits obligations by $28.1 million. |
| A one-percentage point increase in the discount rate assumption would have decreased the December 31, 2008 other post-retirement benefits obligations by $23.8 million. |
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
We account for goodwill and other intangible assets in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. This standard classifies intangible assets into three categories: (1) intangible assets with definite lives subject to amortization; (2) intangible assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization; and (3) goodwill. For intangible assets with definite lives, the standard requires impairment testing if conditions exist that indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. For intangible assets with indefinite lives and for goodwill, the standard requires impairment testing at least annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that these assets might be impaired.
We use a two-step process to evaluate goodwill for impairment. In the first step, we compare the fair value of each reporting unit with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill. We estimate the fair value of the reporting unit based on discounted future cash flows. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, we complete a second step to determine the amount of the goodwill impairment that we should record. In the second step, we determine an implied fair value of the reporting units goodwill by allocating the reporting units fair value to all of its assets and liabilities other than goodwill (including any unrecognized intangible assets). We compare the resulting implied fair value of the goodwill to the carrying amount and record an impairment charge for the difference.
The assumptions we used to estimate fair value are based on the past performance of each reporting unit and reflect the projections and assumptions that we use in current operating plans. We also consider assumptions that market participants may use. Such assumptions are subject to change due to changing economic and competitive conditions.
Our other intangible assets consist primarily of customer-related intangible assets, patents and trademarks obtained through business acquisitions. We amortize customer-related intangible assets and patents over their estimated useful lives. The useful lives of trademarks were determined to be indefinite and, therefore, we do not amortize them. We evaluate our trademarks for impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to their estimated fair value. The fair value of trademarks is calculated using a relief from royalty payments methodology. This approach involves two steps. In the first step, we estimate reasonable royalty rates for each
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trademark. In the second step, we apply these royalty rates to a net sales stream and discount the resulting cash flows to determine fair value. This fair value is then compared with the carrying value of each trademark. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount, we record an impairment charge to reduce the asset to its estimated fair value. The estimates of future cash flows are generally based on past performance of the brands and reflect net sales projections and assumptions for the brands that we use in current operating plans. We also consider assumptions that market participants may use. Such assumptions are subject to change due to changing economic and competitive conditions.
The Company performs annual impairment tests in the fourth quarter of each year or when circumstances arise that indicate a possible impairment might exist. Due to reduced expectations for future sales and cash flows compared with the valuations at the acquisition dates, we determined that the carrying amounts of certain trademarks, primarily the Mauna Loa brand, exceeded their estimated fair value and recorded total non-cash impairment charges of $45.7 million in December 2008.
As a result of reduced expectations for future cash flows resulting from lower expected profitability, we determined that the carrying amount of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Hershey do Brasil, exceeded its fair value and recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $12.3 million in December 2007. There was no tax benefit associated with these charges. We discuss the impairment testing results in more detail in Note 1 and Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We determined that none of our goodwill or other intangible assets, with the exception of the aforementioned trademarks and Brazil goodwill, were impaired as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 based on our annual impairment evaluation.
Commodities Futures and Options Contracts
We use futures and options contracts in combination with forward purchasing of cocoa products and other commodities primarily to reduce the risk of future price increases, provide visibility to future costs and take advantage of market fluctuations. Accounting for commodities futures and options contracts is in accordance with SFAS No. 133. Additional information with regard to accounting policies associated with commodities futures and options contracts and other derivative instruments is contained in Note 5, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
Our gains (losses) on cash flow hedging derivatives were as follows:
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
In millions of dollars | ||||||||||||
Net after-tax gains on cash flow hedging derivatives |
$ | 11.5 | $ | 6.8 | $ | 11.4 | ||||||
Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive loss to income |
(34.1 | ) | .2 | (5.3 | ) | |||||||
Hedge ineffectiveness (losses) gains recognized in cost of sales, before tax |
(.1 | ) | (.5 | ) | 2.0 |
| We reflected reclassification adjustments related to gains or losses on commodities futures and options contracts in cost of sales. |
| No gains or losses on commodities futures and options contracts resulted because we discontinued a hedge due to the probability that the forecasted hedged transaction would not occur. |
| We recognized no components of gains or losses on commodities futures and options contracts in income due to excluding such components from the hedge effectiveness assessment. |
The amount of net losses on cash flow hedging derivatives, including foreign exchange forward contracts and commodities futures and options contracts, expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next twelve months was approximately $17.0 million after tax as of December 31, 2008. This amount is primarily associated with commodities futures contracts.
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RETURN MEASURES
We believe that two important measures of profitability are operating return on average stockholders equity and operating return on average invested capital. These operating return measures calculated in accordance with GAAP are presented on the SIX-YEAR CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY on page 18 with the directly comparable Non-GAAP operating return measures. The Non-GAAP operating return measures are calculated using Non-GAAP Income excluding items affecting comparability. A reconciliation of Net Income presented in accordance with GAAP to Non-GAAP Income excluding items affecting comparability is provided on pages 19 and 20, along with the reasons why we believe that the use of Non-GAAP Income in these calculations provides useful information to investors.
Operating Return on Average Stockholders Equity
Operating return on average stockholders equity is calculated by dividing net income by the average of beginning and ending stockholders equity. To calculate Non-GAAP operating return on average stockholders equity, we define Non-GAAP Income as net income adjusted to exclude certain items. These items include the following:
| After-tax effect of the business realignment and impairment charges in 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2003 |
| Adjustment to income tax contingency reserves which reduced the provision for income taxes in 2004 |
| After-tax gain on the sale of a group of our gum brands in 2003 |
Our operating return on average stockholders equity, GAAP basis, was 68.4% in 2008. Our Non-GAAP operating return on average stockholders equity was 94.5% in 2008. The increase in operating return on average stockholders equity in 2008 compared with 2007 was principally due to a reduction in equity related to reduced pension plan assets and the impact of cumulative translation adjustments. Over the last six years, our Non-GAAP operating return on stockholders equity has ranged from 33.2% in 2003 to 94.5% in 2008.
Operating Return on Average Invested Capital
Operating return on average invested capital is calculated by dividing earnings by average invested capital. Average invested capital consists of the annual average of the beginning and ending balances of long-term debt, deferred income taxes and stockholders equity.
For the calculation of operating return on average invested capital, GAAP basis, earnings is defined as net income adjusted to add back the after-tax effect of interest on long-term debt. For the calculation of the Non-GAAP operating return measure, we define earnings as net income adjusted to add back the after-tax effect of interest on long-term debt excluding the following:
| After-tax effect of the business realignment and impairment charges in 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2003 |
| Adjustment to income tax contingency reserves on the provision for income taxes in 2004 |
| After-tax gain on the sale of a group of our gum brands in 2003 |
Our operating return on average invested capital, GAAP basis, was 19.0% in 2008. Our Non-GAAP operating return on average invested capital was 25.1% in 2008. Over the last six years, our Non-GAAP operating return on average invested capital has ranged from 18.9% in 2003 to 26.8% in 2005 and 2006.
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OUTLOOK
The outlook section contains a number of forward-looking statements, all of which are based on current expectations. Actual results may differ materially. Refer to Risk Factors beginning on page 10 for information concerning the key risks to achieving our future performance goals.
During 2008, we announced a new consumer-driven business model with a comprehensive approach intended to deliver sustainable growth over the coming years. Our financial targets include long-term consolidated net sales growth in the three to five percent range and increases in earnings per share-diluted, excluding items affecting comparability, at an annual rate of six to eight percent. Items affecting comparability include business realignment and impairment charges and credits, gains or losses on the sale of certain businesses, and certain other items.
Our net sales growth will primarily leverage our core portfolio of brands in the United States. We expect to improve our price-value equation through package and product upgrades and merchandising innovation resulting in increased price realization. We also expect growth from our international businesses primarily in faster-growing emerging markets.
For 2009, we expect net sales growth of two to three percent from our pricing actions and core brand sales growth. We expect unit sales volume to decline in the United States due to the elasticity effects of price increases implemented during 2008 which will result in higher everyday and promoted prices for consumers. The impact of the declines in unit sales volume is expected to be more than offset by price realization. We expect growth in net sales for our international business at rates greater than in the United States, offset somewhat by the impact of unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates.
Considering the significant increases in raw material prices and other input costs and the extreme volatility in market prices, we expect substantial cost increases in 2009. While commodity spot prices have moderated somewhat, we expect costs for our key inputs to remain volatile and above historical averages on a spot basis. We now expect our commodity cost basket to increase by approximately $175 million in 2009 compared with 2008. The financial market and credit crisis have not had a material affect on our business operations or liquidity to-date. However, the extraordinary decline in the financial markets in 2008 significantly reduced the fair value of our pension plan assets which is expected to result in an increase in 2009 pension expense of approximately $70 million. Despite these increases we plan to continue to invest in our core brands in the U.S. and key international markets to build on our momentum. Specifically, advertising expense is expected to increase by $30 million to $35 million in 2009. These cost increases will be more than offset by higher net pricing, savings from the global supply chain transformation program and on-going operating productivity improvement. Earnings per share-diluted, excluding items affecting comparability, is expected to increase in 2009, however, due to the significant commodity and pension cost increases, higher levels of core brand investment spending and current macroeconomic conditions, we expect growth to be at a rate below our long-term objective of six to eight percent.
For 2009, we expect total pre-tax business realignment and impairment charges for our global supply chain transformation program, including the increase in the scope of the program, to be in the range of $45 million to $70 million, excluding possible increases in pension settlement charges discussed below. Total charges associated with our business realignment initiatives in 2009 are expected to reduce earnings per share-diluted by $0.13 to $0.20.
Outlook for Global Supply Chain Transformation Program
We expect total pre-tax charges and non-recurring project implementation costs for the global supply chain transformation program to be at the upper end of the $575 million to $600 million range. This includes pension settlement charges recorded in 2007 and 2008 as required in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards
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Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 88, Employers Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits (as amended) (SFAS No. 88). Pension settlement charges are non-cash charges for the Company. Such charges accelerate the recognition of pension expenses related to actuarial gains and losses resulting from interest rate changes and differences in actual versus assumed returns on pension assets. The Company normally amortizes actuarial gains and losses over a period of about 13 years.
The global supply chain transformation program charges recorded in 2007 and in 2008 have included pension settlement charges of approximately $24.6 million as employees leaving the Company under the program have been withdrawing lump sums from the defined benefit pension plans. These charges are included in the current global supply chain transformation program estimates of $575 million to $600 million.
In addition to the settlement charges reflected above, additional SFAS No. 88 pension settlement charges of up to $65 million may be incurred depending on decisions of impacted hourly employees to withdraw funds during 2009 and 2010. The amount of the potential charges has increased significantly as a result of the recent declines in the financial markets. The likely range of possible additional charges for 2009` is zero to $50 million. There would be no charge if withdrawals by hourly employees are below the SFAS No. 88 settlement threshold level and $50 million, based on current market conditions, if they are above the threshold level.
SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On February 16, 2009, we announced that Kenneth L. Wolfe, our non-executive Chairman of the Board of Directors, had resigned from our Board effective immediately. His resignation followed a request from the Milton Hershey School Trust that he not stand for re-election at our annual meeting of stockholders on April 30, 2009. The Milton Hershey School Trust indicated that it wanted to have one of its representatives on our Board serve as Chairman of the Board.
Our Board of Directors also announced its unanimous election of Director James E. Nevels to succeed Mr. Wolfe as non-executive Chairman of our Board of Directors. Mr. Nevels has served on our Board since November 2007.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations (SFAS No. 141(R)). The objective of SFAS No. 141(R) is to improve the relevance, representational faithfulness, and comparability of the information that a reporting entity provides in its financial reports about a business combination and its effects. SFAS No. 141(R) establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer:
| Recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree; |
| Recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase; |
| Determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. |
SFAS No. 141(R) is effective for our Company as of January 1, 2009. We currently do not expect any significant impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows as a result of the adoption of this new accounting standard. However, the adoption of SFAS No. 141(R) will impact the accounting for any business combinations occurring subsequent to December 31, 2008.
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In December 2007, the FASB also issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51 (SFAS No. 160). The objective of SFAS No. 160 is to improve the relevance, comparability and transparency of the financial information that a reporting entity provides in its consolidated financial statements by establishing accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 is effective for our Company as of January 1, 2009. We do not expect any significant impact on financial accounting or reporting as a result of the adoption of this new accounting standard.
In March 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activitiesan amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (SFAS No. 161). SFAS No. 161 requires enhanced disclosures about an entitys derivative and hedging activities. Entities will be required to provide enhanced disclosures about how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, how these instruments are accounted for, and how they affect the entitys financial position, financial performance and cash flows. This new standard is effective for our Company as of January 1, 2009 and we are currently evaluating the impact on disclosures associated with our derivative and hedging activities.
In May 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 162, The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (SFAS No. 162). SFAS No. 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. We do not expect any significant changes to our financial accounting and reporting as a result of the issuance of SFAS No. 162.
Item 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
The information required by this item with respect to market risk is set forth in the section entitled Accounting Policies and Market Risks Associated with Derivative Instruments, found on pages 36 through 40.
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Item 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
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RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Hershey Company is responsible for the financial statements and other financial information contained in this report. The Company believes that the financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles appropriate under the circumstances to reflect in all material respects the substance of applicable events and transactions. In preparing the financial statements, it is necessary that management make informed estimates and judgments. The other financial information in this annual report is consistent with the financial statements.
The Company maintains a system of internal accounting controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that financial records are reliable for purposes of preparing financial statements and that assets are properly accounted for and safeguarded. The concept of reasonable assurance is based on the recognition that the cost of the system must be related to the benefits to be derived. The Company believes its system provides an appropriate balance in this regard. The Company maintains an Internal Audit Department which reviews the adequacy and tests the application of internal accounting controls.
The 2008, 2007 and 2006 financial statements have been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. KPMG LLPs report on the Companys financial statements is included on page 54.
The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company, consisting solely of independent, non-management directors, meets regularly with the independent auditors, internal auditors and management to discuss, among other things, the audit scopes and results. KPMG LLP and the internal auditors both have full and free access to the Audit Committee, with and without the presence of management.
David J. West Chief Executive Officer |
Humberto P. Alfonso Chief Financial Officer |
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
The Hershey Company:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Hershey Company and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows and stockholders equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2008. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The Hershey Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As discussed in Note 1, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans, at December 31, 2006.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 19, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
New York, New York
February 19, 2009
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||
In thousands of dollars except per share amounts | |||||||||
Net Sales |
$ | 5,132,768 | $ | 4,946,716 | $ | 4,944,230 | |||
Costs and Expenses: |
|||||||||
Cost of sales |
3,375,050 | 3,315,147 | 3,076,718 | ||||||
Selling, marketing and administrative |
1,073,019 | 895,874 | 860,378 | ||||||
Business realignment and impairment charges, net |
94,801 | 276,868 | 14,576 | ||||||
Total costs and expenses |
4,542,870 | 4,487,889 | 3,951,672 | ||||||
Income before Interest and Income Taxes |
589,898 | 458,827 | 992,558 | ||||||
Interest expense, net |
97,876 | 118,585 | 116,056 | ||||||
Income before Income Taxes |
492,022 | 340,242 | 876,502 | ||||||
Provision for income taxes |
180,617 | 126,088 | 317,441 | ||||||
Net Income |
$ | 311,405 | $ | 214,154 | $ | 559,061 | |||
Net Income Per ShareBasicClass B Common Stock |
$ | 1.27 | $ | .87 | $ | 2.19 | |||
Net Income Per ShareDilutedClass B Common Stock |
$ | 1.27 | $ | .87 | $ | 2.17 | |||
Net Income Per ShareBasicCommon Stock |
$ | 1.41 | $ | .96 | $ | 2.44 | |||
Net Income Per ShareDilutedCommon Stock |
$ | 1.36 | $ | .93 | $ | 2.34 | |||
Cash Dividends Paid Per Share: |
|||||||||
Common Stock |
$ | 1.1900 | $ | 1.1350 | $ | 1.030 | |||
Class B Common Stock |
1.0712 | 1.0206 | .925 |
The notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | ||||||
In thousands of dollars | ||||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current Assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 37,103 | $ | 129,198 | ||||
Accounts receivabletrade |
455,153 | 487,285 | ||||||
Inventories |
592,530 | 600,185 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
70,903 | 83,668 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other |
189,256 | 126,238 | ||||||
Total current assets |
1,344,945 | 1,426,574 | ||||||
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net |
1,458,949 | 1,539,715 | ||||||
Goodwill |
554,677 | 584,713 | ||||||
Other Intangibles |
110,772 | 155,862 | ||||||
Deferred Income Taxes |
13,815 | | ||||||
Other Assets |
151,561 | 540,249 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 3,634,719 | $ | 4,247,113 | ||||
LIABILITIES, MINORITY INTEREST AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Current Liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 249,454 | $ | 223,019 | ||||
Accrued liabilities |
504,065 | 538,986 | ||||||
Accrued income taxes |
15,189 | 373 | ||||||
Short-term debt |
483,120 | 850,288 | ||||||
Current portion of long-term debt |
18,384 | 6,104 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
1,270,212 | 1,618,770 | ||||||
Long-term Debt |
1,505,954 | 1,279,965 | ||||||
Other Long-term Liabilities |
504,963 | 544,016 | ||||||
Deferred Income Taxes |
3,646 | 180,842 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
3,284,775 | 3,623,593 | ||||||
Commitments and Contingencies |
| | ||||||
Minority Interest |
31,745 | 30,598 | ||||||
Stockholders Equity: |
||||||||
Preferred Stock, shares issued: none in 2008 and 2007 |
| | ||||||
Common Stock, shares issued: 299,190,836 in 2008 and 299,095,417 in 2007 |
299,190 | 299,095 | ||||||
Class B Common Stock, shares issued: 60,710,908 in 2008 and 60,806,327 in 2007 |
60,711 | 60,806 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
352,375 | 335,256 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
3,975,762 | 3,927,306 | ||||||
TreasuryCommon Stock shares, at cost: 132,866,673 in 2008 and 132,851,893 in 2007 |
(4,009,931 | ) | (4,001,562 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(359,908 | ) | (27,979 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders equity |
318,199 | 592,922 | ||||||
Total liabilities, minority interest and stockholders equity |
$ | 3,634,719 | $ | 4,247,113 | ||||
The notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these balance sheets.
56
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
In thousands of dollars | ||||||||||||
Cash Flows Provided from (Used by) Operating Activities |
||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 311,405 | $ | 214,154 | $ | 559,061 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from operations: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
249,491 | 310,925 | 199,911 | |||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax of $13,265, $10,634 and $14,524, respectively |
23,583 | 18,987 | 25,598 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefits from exercise of stock options |
(1,387 | ) | (9,461 | ) | (9,275 | ) | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
(17,125 | ) | (124,276 | ) | 4,173 | |||||||
Business realignment and impairment charges, net of tax of $61,553, $144,928 and $4,070, respectively |
119,117 | 267,653 | 7,573 | |||||||||
Contributions to pension plans |
(32,759 | ) | (15,836 | ) | (23,570 | ) | ||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from business acquisitions and divestitures: |
||||||||||||
Accounts receivabletrade |
31,675 | 40,467 | (14,919 | ) | ||||||||
Inventories |
7,681 | 45,348 | (12,461 | ) | ||||||||
Accounts payable |
26,435 | 62,204 | (13,173 | ) | ||||||||
Other assets and liabilities |
(198,555 | ) | (31,329 | ) | 275 | |||||||
Net Cash Provided from Operating Activities |
519,561 | 778,836 | 723,193 | |||||||||
Cash Flows Provided from (Used by) Investing Activities |
||||||||||||
Capital additions |
(262,643 | ) | (189,698 | ) | (183,496 | ) | ||||||
Capitalized software additions |
(20,336 | ) | (14,194 | ) | (15,016 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment |
82,815 | | | |||||||||
Business acquisitions |
| (100,461 | ) | (17,000 | ) | |||||||
Proceeds from divestitures |
1,960 | | | |||||||||
Net Cash (Used by) Investing Activities |
(198,204 | ) | (304,353 | ) | (215,512 | ) | ||||||
Cash Flows Provided from (Used by) Financing Activities |
||||||||||||
Net change in short-term borrowings |
(371,393 | ) | 195,055 | (163,826 | ) | |||||||
Long-term borrowings |
247,845 | | 496,728 | |||||||||
Repayment of long-term debt |
(4,977 | ) | (188,891 | ) | (234 | ) | ||||||
Cash dividends paid |
(262,949 | ) | (252,263 | ) | (235,129 | ) | ||||||
Exercise of stock options |
36,996 | 50,497 | 37,111 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefits from exercise of stock options |
1,387 | 9,461 | 9,275 | |||||||||
Repurchase of Common Stock |
(60,361 | ) | (256,285 | ) | (621,648 | ) | ||||||
Net Cash (Used by) Financing Activities |
(413,452 | ) | (442,426 | ) | (477,723 | ) | ||||||
(Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents |
(92,095 | ) | 32,057 | 29,958 | ||||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents as of January 1 |
129,198 | 97,141 | 67,183 | |||||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents as of December 31 |
$ | 37,103 | $ | 129,198 | $ | 97,141 | ||||||
Interest Paid |
$ | 97,364 | $ | 126,450 | $ | 105,250 | ||||||
Income Taxes Paid |
197,661 | 253,977 | 325,451 |
The notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.
57
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
Preferred Stock |
Common Stock |
Class B Common Stock |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Unearned ESOP Compensation |
Retained Earnings |
Treasury Common Stock |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Total Stockholders Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In thousands of dollars | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of January 1, 2006 |
$ | | $ | 299,083 | $ | 60,818 | $ | 252,374 | $ | (3,193 | ) | $ | 3,641,483 | $ | (3,224,863 | ) | $ | (9,322 | ) | $ | 1,016,380 | |||||||||||||
Net income |
559,061 | 559,061 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income |
9,105 | 9,105 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
568,166 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to initially apply SFAS No. 158, net of tax |
(137,972 | ) | (137,972 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock, $1.03 per share |
(178,873 | ) | (178,873 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class B Common Stock, $.925 per share |
(56,256 | ) | (56,256 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of Class B Common Stock into Common Stock |
2 | (2 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incentive plan transactions |
840 | 3,250 | 4,090 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
34,374 | 34,374 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
9,732 | 39,992 | 49,724 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee stock ownership trust/benefits transactions |
923 | 3,193 | 1,322 | 5,438 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of Common Stock |
(621,648 | ) | (621,648 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2006 |
| 299,085 | 60,816 | 298,243 | | 3,965,415 | (3,801,947 | ) | (138,189 | ) | 683,423 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
214,154 | 214,154 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income |
110,210 | 110,210 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
324,364 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock, $1.135 per share |
(190,199 | ) | (190,199 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class B Common Stock, $1.0206 per share |
(62,064 | ) | (62,064 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of Class B Common Stock into Common Stock |
10 | (10 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incentive plan transactions |
1,426 | 2,082 | 3,508 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
29,790 | 29,790 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
5,797 | 54,588 | 60,385 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of Common Stock |
(256,285 | ) | (256,285 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2007 |
| 299,095 | 60,806 | 335,256 | | 3,927,306 | (4,001,562 | ) | (27,979 | ) | 592,922 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
311,405 | 311,405 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss |
(331,929 | ) | (331,929 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss |
(20,524 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock, $1.19 per share |
(197,839 | ) | (197,839 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class B Common Stock, $1.0712 per share |
(65,110 | ) | (65,110 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of Class B Common Stock into Common Stock |
95 | (95 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incentive plan transactions |
(422 | ) | 12,989 | 12,567 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
18,161 | 18,161 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
(620 | ) | 39,003 | 38,383 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of Common Stock |
(60,361 | ) | (60,361 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2008 |
$ | | $ | 299,190 | $ | 60,711 | $ | 352,375 | $ | | $ | 3,975,762 | $ | (4,009,931 | ) | $ | (359,908 | ) | $ | 318,199 | ||||||||||||||
The notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.
58
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Significant accounting policies employed by our Company are discussed below and in other notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Items Affecting Comparability
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R) (SFAS No. 158). SFAS No. 158 requires an employer that is a business entity and sponsors one or more single-employer defined benefit plans to:
| Recognize the funded status of a benefit planmeasured as the difference between plan assets at fair value and the benefit obligationin its statement of financial position. For a pension plan, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation; for any other post-retirement benefit plan, such as a retiree health care plan, the benefit obligation is the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation. |
| Recognize as a component of other comprehensive income, net of tax, the gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period but are not recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost. |
| Measure defined benefit plan assets and obligations as of the date of the employers fiscal year-end statement of financial position. |
| Disclose in the notes to financial statements additional information about certain effects on net periodic benefit cost for the next fiscal year that arise from delayed recognition of the gains or losses, prior service costs or credits, and transition assets or obligations. |
Effective December 31, 2006, we adopted SFAS No. 158. The provisions of SFAS No. 158 require that the funded status of our pension plans and the benefit obligations of our other post-retirement benefit plans be recognized in our balance sheet. Appropriate adjustments were made to various assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2006, with an offsetting after-tax effect of $138.0 million recorded as an adjustment to the ending balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss.
The consolidated financial statements include the impact of our business realignment initiatives as described in Note 3. Cost of sales included a pre-tax charge resulting from the business realignment initiatives of $77.8 million in 2008, $123.1 million in 2007 and a pre-tax credit of $3.2 million in 2006. Selling, marketing and administrative expenses included a pre-tax charge resulting from the business realignment initiatives of $8.1 million in 2008, $12.6 million in 2007 and $.3 million in 2006.
Our effective income tax rate was 36.7% in 2008, 37.1% in 2007 and 36.2% in 2006. The effective income tax rate for 2008 was higher by 0.7 percentage points and for 2007 was higher by 1.1 percentage points resulting from the impact of tax rates associated with business realignment and impairment charges.
Principles of Consolidation
Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and our majority-owned subsidiaries and entities in which we have a controlling financial interest after the elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions. We have a controlling financial interest if we own a majority of the outstanding voting common stock and minority shareholders do not have substantive participating rights or we have significant control over an entity through contractual or economic interests in which we are the primary beneficiary.
In May 2007, we entered into an agreement with Godrej Beverages and Foods, Ltd., to manufacture and distribute confectionery products, snacks and beverages across India. Under the agreement, we own a 51%
59
THE HERSHEY COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
controlling interest in Godrej Hershey Ltd. (formerly Godrej Hershey Foods and Beverages Company). This business acquisition is included in our consolidated financial results, including the related minority interest.
In January 2008, our Brazilian subsidiary, Hershey do Brasil, entered into a cooperative agreement with Pandurata Alimentos LTDA (Bauducco), a leading manufacturer of baked goods in Brazil whose primary brand is Bauducco. Under this agreement we will manufacture and market, and they will sell and distribute our products. The agreement conveyed a 49% interest in Hershey do Brasil to Bauducco. We maintain a 51% controlling interest in Hershey do Brasil.
Equity Investments
We use the equity method of accounting when we have a 20% to 50% interest in other companies and exercise significant influence. Under the equity method, original investments are recorded at cost and adjusted by our share of undistributed earnings or losses of these companies. Equity investments are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investments may not be recoverable. In May 2007, we entered into a manufacturing agreement in China with Lotte Confectionery Company, LTD to produce Hershey products and certain Lotte products for the markets in Asia, particularly China. We own a 44% interest in this entity and are accounting for this investment using the equity method.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Critical accounting estimates involved in applying our accounting policies are those that require management to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made and those for which different estimates reasonably could have been used for the current period. Critical accounting estimates are also those which are reasonably likely to change from period to period and would have a material impact on the presentation of our financial condition, changes in financial condition or results of operations. Our most critical accounting estimates pertain to accounting policies for accounts receivabletrade, accrued liabilities and pension and other post-retirement benefit plans.
These estimates and assumptions are based on managements best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. We adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Illiquid credit markets, volatile equity, foreign currency, commodity and energy markets, and declines in consumer spending have combined to increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.
Revenue Recognition
We record sales when all of the following criteria have been met:
| a valid customer order with a fixed price has been received; |
| the product has been delivered to the customer; |
| there is no further significant obligation to assist in the resale of the product; and |
| collectibility is reasonably assured. |
60
THE HERSHEY COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Net sales include revenue from the sale of finished goods and royalty income, net of allowances for trade promotions, consumer coupon programs and other sales incentives, and allowances and discounts associated with aged or potentially unsaleable products. Trade promotions and sales incentives primarily include reduced price features, merchandising displays, sales growth incentives, new item allowances and cooperative advertising.
Our operations are impacted by consumer spending levels and impulse purchases which are affected by general macroeconomic conditions, consumer confidence, employment levels, availability of consumer credit and interest rates on that credit, consumer debt levels, energy costs and other factors over which the Company has little or no control. Continued volatility in food and energy costs, a sustained recession in the United States, rising unemployment, and continued declines in personal income could significantly affect the Companys revenues and profitability in the future.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales represents costs directly related to the manufacture and distribution of our products. Primary costs include raw materials, packaging, direct labor, overhead, shipping and handling, warehousing and the depreciation of manufacturing, warehousing and distribution facilities. Manufacturing overhead and related expenses include salaries, wages, employee benefits, utilities, maintenance and property taxes.
Selling, Marketing and Administrative
Selling, marketing and administrative expenses represent costs incurred in generating revenues and in managing our business. Such costs include advertising and other marketing expenses, salaries, employee benefits, incentive compensation, research and development, travel, office expenses, amortization of capitalized software and depreciation of administrative facilities.
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid debt instruments, time deposits and money market funds with original maturities of three months or less. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates the carrying amount.
Commodities Futures and Options Contracts
In connection with the purchasing of cocoa products, sugar, corn sweeteners, natural gas, fuel oil and certain dairy products for anticipated manufacturing requirements and to hedge transportation costs, we enter into commodities futures and options contracts to reduce the effect of price fluctuations.
We account for commodities futures and options contracts in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended (SFAS No. 133). SFAS No. 133 provides that the effective portion of the gain or loss on a derivative instrument designated and qualifying as a cash flow hedging instrument be reported as a component of other comprehensive income and be reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The remaining gain or loss on the derivative instrument, if any, must be recognized currently in earnings. For a derivative designated as hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or a firm commitment (referred to as a fair value hedge), the gain or loss must be recognized in earnings in the period of change together with the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged. The effect of that accounting is to reflect in earnings the extent to which the
61
THE HERSHEY COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
hedge is not effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value. All derivative instruments which we are currently utilizing, including commodities futures and options contracts, are designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges. Additional information with regard to accounting policies associated with derivative instruments is contained in Note 5, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows: 3 to 15 years for machinery and equipment; and 25 to 40 years for buildings and related improvements. Maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to expense as incurred. Applicable interest charges incurred during the construction of new facilities and production lines are capitalized as one of the elements of cost and are amortized over the assets estimated useful lives.
We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. We measure the recoverability of assets to be held and used by a comparison of the carrying amount of long-lived assets to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, we measure the impairment to be recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.
Asset Retirement Obligations
We account for asset retirement obligations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations, and FASB Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligationsan interpretation of FASB Statement No. 143. Asset retirement obligations generally apply to legal obligations associated with the retirement of a tangible long-lived asset that result from the acquisition, construction or development and the normal operation of a long-lived asset.
We assess asset retirement obligations on a periodic basis. We recognize the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. We capitalize associated asset retirement costs as part of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
We account for goodwill and other intangible assets in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Other intangible assets primarily consist of trademarks, customer-related intangible assets and patents obtained through business acquisitions. We determined that the useful lives of trademarks are indefinite and, therefore, these assets are not being amortized. We are amortizing customer-related intangible assets over their estimated useful lives of approximately ten years. We are amortizing patents over their remaining legal lives of approximately twelve years.
We conduct an impairment evaluation for goodwill annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset might be impaired. The evaluation is performed by using a two-step process. In the first step, the fair value of each reporting unit is compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill. The estimated fair value of the reporting unit is generally determined on the basis of discounted future cash flows. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, then a second step must be completed in order to determine the amount of the goodwill
62
THE HERSHEY COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
impairment that should be recorded. In the second step, the implied fair value of the reporting units goodwill is determined by allocating the reporting units fair value to all of its assets and liabilities other than goodwill (including any unrecognized intangible assets) in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation. The resulting implied fair value of the goodwill that results from the application of this second step is then compared with the carrying amount of the goodwill and an impairment charge is recorded for the difference.
The assumptions we use to estimate fair value are generally consistent with the past performance of each reporting unit and are also consistent with the projections and assumptions that are used in current operating plans. We also consider assumptions which may be used by market participants. Such assumptions are subject to change as a result of changing economic and competitive conditions.
We conduct an impairment evaluation of the carrying amount of intangible assets with indefinite lives annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset might be impaired. We evaluate our trademarks for impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to their estimated fair value. The fair value of trademarks is calculated using a relief from royalty payments methodology. This approach involves two steps. In the first step, we estimate reasonable royalty rates for each trademark. In the second step, we apply these royalty rates to a net sales stream and discount the resulting cash flows to determine fair value. This fair value is then compared with the carrying value of each trademark. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount of the trademark, then an impairment charge is recorded to reduce the asset to its estimated fair value.
The Company performs annual impairment tests of other intangible assets with indefinite lives in the fourth quarter of each year or when circumstances arise that indicate a possible impairment might exist. Due to reduced expectations for future sales and cash flows compared with the valuations at the acquisition dates, we determined that the carrying amounts of certain trademarks, primarily the Mauna Loa brand, exceeded their estimated fair value and recorded total non-cash impairment charges of $45.7 million in December 2008. Based on our annual impairment evaluations, we determined that no goodwill or any intangible assets other than those trademarks were impaired as of December 31, 2008.
As a result of reduced expectations for future cash flows resulting primarily from lower expected profitability, we determined that the carrying amount of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Hershey do Brasil, exceeded its fair value and recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $12.3 million in December 2007.
Comprehensive Income
We report comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additional information regarding comprehensive income is contained in Note 6, Comprehensive Income.
We translate results of operations for foreign entities using the average exchange rates during the period. For foreign entities, assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments.
Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 158 as of December 31, 2006, a minimum pension liability adjustment was required when the actuarial present value of accumulated pension plan benefits exceeded plan assets and accrued pension liabilities, less allowable intangible assets. Minimum pension liability adjustments, net of income taxes, were recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), Minimum Pension Liability
63
THE HERSHEY COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Adjustments. Subsequent to the adoption of SFAS No. 158, changes to the balances of the unrecognized prior service cost and the unrecognized net actuarial loss, net of income taxes, are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), Pension and Post-retirement Benefit Plans.
Gains and losses on cash flow hedging derivatives, to the extent effective, are included in other comprehensive income (loss), net of related tax effects. Reclassification adjustments reflecting such gains and losses are ratably recorded in income in the same period as the hedged items affect earnings. Additional information with regard to accounting policies associated with derivative instruments is contained in Note 5, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts and Options
We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts and options to hedge transactions denominated in foreign currencies. These transactions are primarily related to firm commitments or forecasted purchases of equipment, certain raw materials and finished goods. We also hedge payment of forecasted intercompany transactions with our subsidiaries outside the United States. These contracts reduce currency risk from exchange rate movements.
Foreign exchange forward contracts and options are intended to be and are effective as hedges of identifiable foreign currency commitments and forecasted transactions. Foreign exchange forward contracts and options are designated as cash flow hedging derivatives and the fair value of such contracts is recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either an asset or liability. Gains and losses on these contracts are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income and are reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Additional information with regard to accounting policies for derivative instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts and options is contained in Note 5, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.
License Agreements
We enter into license agreements under which we have access to certain trademarks and proprietary technology, and manufacture and/or market and distribute certain products. The rights under these agreements are extendible on a long-term basis at our option subject to certain conditions, including minimum sales and unit volume levels, which we have met. License fees and royalties, payable under the terms of the agreements, are expensed as incurred and included in selling, marketing and administrative expenses.
Research and Development
We expense research and development costs as incurred. Research and development expense was $28.1 million in 2008, $28.0 million in 2007 and $27.6 million in 2006. Research and development expense is included in selling, marketing and administrative expenses.
Advertising
We expense advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense included in selling, marketing and administrative expenses was $161.1 million in 2008, $127.9 million in 2007 and $108.3 million in 2006. We had no prepaid advertising expense as of December 31, 2008 and as of December 31, 2007.
Computer Software
We capitalize costs associated with software developed or obtained for internal use when both the preliminary project stage is completed and it is probable that computer software being developed will be completed and placed in service. Capitalized costs include only (i) external direct costs of materials and services
64
THE HERSHEY COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
consumed in developing or obtaining internal-use software, (ii) payroll and other related costs for employees who are directly associated with and who devote time to the internal-use software project and (iii) interest costs incurred, when material, while developing internal-use software. We cease capitalization of such costs no later than the point at which the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose.
The unamortized amount of capitalized software was $42.3 million as of December 31, 2008 and was $35.9 million as of December 31, 2007. We amortize software costs using the straight-line method over the expected life of the software, generally three to five years. Accumulated amortization of capitalized software was $176.7 million as of December 31, 2008 and $159.6 million as of December 31, 2007.
We review the carrying value of software and development costs for impairment in accordance with our policy pertaining to the impairment of long-lived assets. Generally, we measure impairment under the following circumstances:
| when internal-use computer software is not expected to provide substantive service potential; |
| a significant change occurs in the extent or manner in which the software is used or is expected to be used; |
| a significant change is made or will be made to the software program; and |
| costs of developing or modifying internal-use computer software significantly exceed the amount originally expected to develop or modify the software. |
2. ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
In January 2008, our Brazilian subsidiary, Hershey do Brasil, entered into a cooperative agreement with Bauducco. In the fourth quarter of 2007, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge and approved a business realignment program associated with initiatives to improve distribution and enhance performance of our business in Brazil. In the first quarter of 2008, we received approximately $2.0 million in cash and recorded an other intangible asset of $13.7 million associated with the cooperative agreement with Bauducco in exchange for our conveying to Bauducco a 49% interest in Hershey do Brasil. We maintain a 51% controlling interest in Hershey do Brasil.
In May 2007, we entered into an agreement with Godrej Beverages and Foods, Ltd., one of Indias largest consumer goods, confectionery and food companies, to manufacture and distribute confectionery products, snacks and beverages across India. Under the agreement, we invested $61.5 million during 2007 and own a 51% controlling interest in Godrej Hershey Ltd. Total liabilities assumed in 2007 were $51.6 million.
Also in May 2007, we entered into a manufacturing agreement in China with Lotte Confectionery Co., LTD., to produce Hershey products and certain Lotte products for the markets in Asia, particularly in China. We invested $39.0 million in 2007 and own a 44% interest. We are accounting for this investment using the equity method.
In October 2006, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Artisan Confections Company, purchased the assets of Dagoba Organic Chocolates, LLC, based in Ashland, Oregon, for $17.0 million. Dagoba is known for its high-quality organic chocolate bars, drinking chocolates and baking products that are primarily sold in natural food and gourmet stores across the United States. Total liabilities assumed were $1.7 million.
Results subsequent to the dates of acquisition were included in the consolidated financial statements. Had the results of the acquisitions been included in the consolidated financial statements for each of the periods presented, the effect would not have been material.
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3. BUSINESS REALIGNMENT INITIATIVES
In February 2007, we announced a comprehensive, three-year supply chain transformation program (the global supply chain transformation program) and, in December 2007, we recorded impairment and business realignment charges associated with our business in Brazil (together, the 2007 business realignment initiatives).
When completed, the global supply chain transformation program will greatly enhance our manufacturing, sourcing and customer service capabilities, reduce inventories resulting in improvements in working capital and generate significant resources to invest in our growth initiatives. These initiatives include accelerated marketplace momentum within our core U.S. business, creation of innovative new product platforms to meet customer needs and disciplined global expansion. Under the program, which will be implemented in stages over three years, we will significantly increase manufacturing capacity utilization by reducing the number of production lines by more than one-third, outsource production of low value-added items and construct a flexible, cost-effective production facility in Monterrey, Mexico to meet current and emerging marketplace needs. The program will result in a total net reduction of 1,500 positions across our supply chain over the three-year implementation period.
The original estimated pre-tax cost of the program announced in February 2007 was from $525 million to $575 million over three years. The total included from $475 million to $525 million in business realignment costs and approximately $50 million in project implementation costs. Total costs of $130.0 million were recorded in 2008 and $400.0 million were recorded in 2007 for this program. Excluding possible pension settlement charges in 2009 and 2010, we now expect total charges for the global supply chain transformation program to be at the upper end of the $575 million to $600 million range, reflecting our latest estimates for the cost of the original program and an expansion in scope of the program approved in December 2008. The expansion in the scope of the program will include approximately $25.0 million associated with the closure of two subscale manufacturing facilities of Artisan Confections Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary, and consolidation of the associated production into existing U.S. facilities, along with costs associated with the rationalization of other select portfolio items. The affected facilities are located in Berkeley and San Francisco, California. These additional business realignment charges will be recorded in 2009 and include severance for approximately 150 impacted employees.
In 2001, we acquired a small business in Brazil, Hershey do Brasil, that through 2007 had not gained profitable scale or adequate market distribution. In an effort to improve the performance of this business, in January 2008 Hershey do Brasil entered into a cooperative agreement with Bauducco. In the fourth quarter of 2007, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge and approved a business realignment program associated with initiatives to improve distribution and enhance the financial performance of our business in Brazil. Business realignment and impairment charges of $4.9 million were recorded in 2008 and $12.6 million were recorded in 2007.
In July 2005, we announced initiatives intended to advance our value-enhancing strategy (the 2005 business realignment initiatives). The 2005 business realignment initiatives consisted primarily of U.S. and Canadian Voluntary Workforce Reduction Programs and the closure of the Las Piedras, Puerto Rico plant. Charges (credits) for the 2005 business realignment initiatives were recorded during 2005 and 2006 and the 2005 business realignment initiatives were completed by December 31, 2006.
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THE HERSHEY COMPANY
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Charges (credits) associated with business realignment initiatives and impairment recorded during 2008, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||
In thousands of dollars | |||||||||||
Cost of sales |
|||||||||||
2007 business realignment initiatives: |
|||||||||||
Global supply chain transformation program |
$ | 77,767 | $ | 123,090 | $ | | |||||
2005 business realignment initiatives |
| | (1,599 | ) | |||||||
Previous business realignment initiatives |
| | (1,600 | ) | |||||||
Total cost of sales |
77,767 | 123,090 | (3,199 | ) | |||||||
Selling, marketing and administrative |
|||||||||||
2007 business realignment initiatives: |
|||||||||||
Global supply chain transformation program |
8,102 | 12,623 | | ||||||||
2005 business realignment initiatives |
| | 266 | ||||||||
Total selling, marketing and administrative |
8,102 | 12,623 | 266 | ||||||||
Business realignment and impairment charges, net |
|||||||||||
2008 impairment of trademarks |
45,739 | | | ||||||||
2007 business realignment initiatives: |
|||||||||||
Global supply chain transformation program: |
|||||||||||
Net (gain on sale)/impairment of fixed assets |
(4,882 | ) | 47,938 | | |||||||
Plant closure expense |
23,415 | 13,506 | | ||||||||
Employee separation costs |
11,469 | 176,463 | | ||||||||
Pension settlement loss |
12,501 | 12,075 | | ||||||||
Contract termination costs |
1,637 | 14,316 | | ||||||||
Brazilian business realignment: |
|||||||||||
Goodwill impairment |
| 12,260 | | ||||||||
Employee separation costs |
1,581 | 310 | | ||||||||
Fixed asset impairment charges |
754 | | | ||||||||
Contract termination and other exit costs |
2,587 | | | ||||||||
2005 business realignment initiatives: |
|||||||||||
U.S. voluntary workforce reduction program |
| | 9,972 | ||||||||
U.S. facility rationalization |
| | 1,567 | ||||||||
Streamline international operations (primarily Canada) |
| | 2,524 | ||||||||
Previous business realignment initiatives |
| | 513 | ||||||||
Total business realignment and impairment charges, net |
94,801 | 276,868 | 14,576 | ||||||||
Total net charges associated with business realignment initiatives and impairment |
$ | 180,670 | $ | 412,581 | $ | 11,643 | |||||
Global Supply Chain Transformation Program
The 2008 charge of $77.8 million recorded in cost of sales for the global supply chain transformation program related primarily to the accelerated depreciation of fixed assets over a reduced estimated remaining useful life and start-up costs associated with the global supply chain transformation program. The $8.1 million recorded in selling, marketing and administrative expenses related primarily to project administration for the global supply chain transformation program. In determining the costs related to fixed asset impairments, fair
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value was estimated based on the expected sales proceeds. The $4.9 million of gains on sale of fixed assets resulted from the receipt of proceeds in excess of the carrying value primarily from the sale of a warehousing and distribution facility. The $23.4 million of plant closure expenses for 2008 related primarily to the preparation of plants for sale and production line removal costs.
Certain real estate with a carrying value of $15.8 million was being held for sale as of December 31, 2008. The global supply chain transformation program employee separation costs were related to involuntary terminations at the North American manufacturing facilities which are being closed. The global supply chain transformation program had identified six manufacturing facilities which would be closed. As of December 31, 2008, the facilities located in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia; Montreal, Quebec and Oakdale, California have been closed and sold. The facilities located in Naugatuck, Connecticut and Smiths Falls, Ontario have been closed and are being held for sale. The facility in Reading, Pennsylvania is being held and used pending closure, following which it will be offered for sale.
The 2007 charge of $123.1 million recorded in cost of sales for the global supply chain transformation program related primarily to the accelerated depreciation of fixed assets over a reduced estimated remaining useful life and costs related to inventory reductions. The $12.6 million recorded in selling, marketing and administrative expenses related primarily to project management and administration. In determining the costs related to fixed asset impairments, fair value was estimated based on the expected sales proceeds. Certain real estate with a carrying value of $40.2 million was being held for sale as of December 31, 2007. Employee separation costs included $79.0 million primarily for involuntary terminations at the six North American manufacturing facilities which were being closed. The employee separation costs also included $97.5 million for charges relating to pension and other post-retirement benefits curtailments and special termination benefits.
2008 Impairment of Trademarks
As a result of our annual impairment tests of intangible assets with useful lives determined to be indefinite, we recorded total impairment charges of $45.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2008. Certain trademarks, primarily the Mauna Loa brand, were determined to be impaired as a result of a decrease in the fair value of the brands resulting from reduced expectations for future sales and cash flows compared with the valuations of these trademarks at the acquisition dates.
Brazilian Business Realignment
The 2008 Brazilian business realignment charges and the 2007 employee separation costs were related to involuntary terminations and costs associated with office consolidation related to the cooperative agreement with Bauducco. During the fourth quarter of 2007, we completed our annual impairment evaluation of goodwill and other intangible assets. As a result of reduced expectations for future cash flows resulting primarily from lower expected profitability, we determined that the carrying amount of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Hershey do Brasil, exceeded its fair value and recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $12.3 million in December 2007. There was no tax benefit associated with this charge.
2005 Business Realignment Initiatives
The 2006 charges (credits) recorded in cost of sales relating to the 2005 business realignment initiatives included a credit of $1.6 million resulting from higher than expected proceeds from the sale of equipment from the Las Piedras plant. The charge recorded in selling, marketing and administrative expenses in 2006 resulted from accelerated depreciation relating to the termination of an office building lease. The net business realignment charges included $7.3 million for involuntary terminations in 2006.
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THE HERSHEY COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The 2006 charges (credits) relating to previous business realignment initiatives which began in 2003 and 2001 resulted from the finalization of the sale of certain properties, adjustments to liabilities which had previously been recorded, and the impact of the settlement of litigation in connection with the 2003 business realignment initiatives.
Liabilities Associated with Business Realignment Initiatives
The liability balance as of December 31, 2008 relating to the 2007 business realignment initiatives was $31.0 million for employee separation costs to be paid primarily in 2009. The liability balance as of December 31, 2007 was $68.4 million, primarily related to employee separation costs. Charges for employee separation and contract termination costs of $12.9 million were recorded in 2008. During 2008 and 2007, we made payments against the liabilities recorded for the 2007 business realignment initiatives of $46.9 million and $13.2 million, respectively, principally related to employee separation and project administration. The liability balance as of December 31, 2008 was reduced by $3.4 million as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments.
4. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
We enter into certain obligations for the purchase of raw materials. These obligations are primarily in the form of forward contracts for the purchase of raw materials from third-party brokers and dealers. These contracts minimize the effect of future price fluctuations by fixing the price of part or all of these purchase obligations. Total obligations for each year consisted of fixed price contracts for the purchase of commodities and unpriced contracts that were valued using market prices as of December 31, 2008.
The cost of commodities associated with the unpriced contracts is variable as market prices change over future periods. We mitigate the variability of these costs to the extent that we have entered into commodities futures and options contracts to hedge our costs for those periods. Increases or decreases in market prices are offset by gains or losses on commodities futures contracts. Taking delivery of and making payments for the specific commodities for use in the manufacture of finished goods satisfies our obligations under the forward purchase contracts. For each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, we satisfied these obligations by taking delivery of and making payment for the specific commodities.
As of December 31, 2008, we had entered into purchase agreements with various suppliers. Subject to meeting our Companys quality standards, the purchase obligations covered by these agreements were as follows as of December 31, 2008:
Obligations |
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||
In millions of dollars | ||||||||||||
Purchase obligations |
$ | 1,103.4 | $ | 492.4 | $ | 122.1 | $ | 84.9 |
We have commitments under various operating leases. Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases with a remaining term in excess of one year were as follows as of December 31, 2008:
Lease Commitments |
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Thereafter | ||||||||||||
In millions of dollars | ||||||||||||||||||
Future minimum rental payments |
$ | 14.9 | $ | 11.2 | $ | 8.9 | $ | 8.0 | $ | 4.3 | $ | 13.9 |
Our Company has a number of facilities that contain varying amounts of asbestos in certain locations within the facilities. Our asbestos management program is compliant with current applicable regulations. Current regulations require that we handle or dispose of this type of asbestos in a special manner if such facilities undergo major renovations or are demolished. We believe we do not have sufficient information to estimate the
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
fair value of any asset retirement obligations related to these facilities. We cannot specify the settlement date or range of potential settlement dates and, therefore, sufficient information is not available to apply an expected present value technique. We expect to maintain the facilities with repairs and maintenance activities that would not involve or require the removal of asbestos.
As of December 31, 2008, certain real estate associated with the closure of facilities under the global supply chain transformation program was being held for sale. We are not aware of any significant obligations related to the environmental remediation of these facilities which has not been reflected in our current estimates.
In connection with its pricing practices, the Company is the subject of an antitrust investigation by the Canadian Competition Bureau. In addition, the U.S. Department of Justice notified the Company that it opened an inquiry but has not requested any information or documents. The European Commission had requested information and informed the Company that it had closed its file. The Company is also party to approximately 92 related civil antitrust suits in the United States and nine in Canada. Certain of these claims contain class action allegations, instituted on behalf of direct purchasers of our products as well as indirect purchasers that purchase our products for use or for resale. These suits allege conspiracies in restraint of trade in connection with the pricing practices of the Company. Several other chocolate confectionery companies are the subject of investigations and/or inquiries by the government entities referenced above and have also been named as defendants in the same litigation. One Canadian wholesaler is also a subject of the Canadian investigation and is a defendant in certain of the lawsuits. While it is not feasible to predict the final outcome of these proceedings, in our opinion they should not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, liquidity or results of operations of the Company. The Company is cooperating with the government investigations and inquiries and intends to defend the lawsuits vigorously.
We have no other material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business.
5. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
We account for derivative instruments in accordance with SFAS No. 133, which requires us to recognize all derivative instruments at fair value. We classify derivatives as assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. Accounting for the change in fair value of the derivative depends on:
| whether the instrument qualifies for, and has been designated as, a hedging relationship; and |
| the type of hedging relationship. |
There are three types of hedging relationships:
| cash flow hedge; |
| fair value hedge; and |
| hedge of foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. |
As of December 31, 2008, all of our derivative instruments were classified as cash flow hedges.
Objectives, Strategies and Accounting Policies Associated with Derivative Instruments
We use certain derivative instruments, from time to time, to manage interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate and commodity market price risk exposures. We enter into interest rate swaps and foreign exchange forward contracts and options for periods consistent with their related underlying exposures. We enter into commodities futures and options contracts for varying periods. Our commodities futures and options contracts are effective as hedges of market price risks associated with anticipated raw material purchases, energy requirements and transportation costs.
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THE HERSHEY COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading purposes and are not a party to any instruments with leverage or prepayment features. In entering into these contracts, we have assumed the risk that might arise from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts. We mitigate this risk by performing financial assessments prior to contract execution, conducting periodic evaluations of counterparty performance and maintaining a diverse portfolio of qualified counterparties. We do not expect any significant losses from counterparty defaults.
Interest Rate Swaps
In order to minimize financing costs and to manage interest rate exposure, from time to time, we enter into interest rate swap agreements.
In December 2005, we entered into forward swap agreements to hedge interest rate exposure related to $500 million of term financing to be executed during 2006. In February 2006, we terminated a forward swap agreement hedging the anticipated execution of $250 million of term financing because the transaction was no longer expected to occur by the originally specified time period or within an additional two-month period of time thereafter. We recorded a gain of $1.0 million in the first quarter of 2006 as a result of the discontinuance of this cash flow hedge. In August 2006, a forward swap agreement hedging the anticipated issuance of $250 million of 10-year notes matured resulting in cash receipts of $3.7 million. The $3.7 million gain on the swap will be amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the term of the $250 million of 5.45% Notes due September 1, 2016.
We included gains and losses on these interest rate swap agreements in other comprehensive income. We recognized the gains and losses on these interest rate swap agreements as an adjustment to interest expense in the same period as the hedged interest payments affected earnings.
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we were not a party to any interest rate swap agreements.
We classify cash flows from interest rate swap agreements as net cash provided from operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Our risk related to the swap agreements is limited to the cost of replacing the agreements at prevailing market rates.
Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts
We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge transactions primarily related to commitments and forecasted purchases of equipment, raw materials and finished goods denominated in foreign currencies. We may also hedge payment of forecasted intercompany transactions with our subsidiaries outside the United States. These contracts reduce currency risk from exchange rate movements. We generally hedge foreign currency price risks for periods from 3 to 24 months.
Foreign exchange forward contracts are effective as hedges of identifiable, foreign currency commitments. Since there is a direct relationship between the foreign currency derivatives and the foreign currency denomination of the transactions, the derivatives are highly effective in hedging cash flows related to transactions denominated in the corresponding foreign currencies. We designate our foreign exchange forward contracts as cash flow hedging derivatives.
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THE HERSHEY COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
These contracts meet the criteria for cash flow hedge accounting treatment. Accordingly, we include related gains and losses in other comprehensive income. Subsequently, we recognize the gains and losses in cost of sales or selling, marketing and administrative expense in the same period that the hedged items affect earnings. In entering into these contracts, we have assumed the risk that might arise from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts. We do not expect any significant losses from counterparty defaults.
We classify the fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts as prepaid expenses and other current assets, other non-current assets, accrued liabilities or other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We report the offset to the futures and options contracts in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes. We record gains and losses on these contracts as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassify them into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. On hedges associated with the purchase of equipment, we designate the related cash flows as net cash flows (used by) provided from investing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We classify cash flows from other foreign exchange forward contracts as net cash provided from operating activities.
Commodities Futures and Options Contracts
We enter into commodities futures and options contracts to reduce the effect of raw material price fluctuations and to hedge transportation costs. We generally hedge commodity price risks for 3 to 24 month periods. The commodities futures and options contracts are highly effective in hedging price risks for our raw material requirements and transportation costs. Because our commodities futures and options contracts meet hedge criteria, we account for them as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, we include gains and losses on hedging in other comprehensive income. We recognize gains and losses ratably in cost of sales in the same period that we record the hedged raw material requirements in cost of sales.
We use exchange traded futures contracts to fix the price of unpriced physical forward purchase contracts. Physical forward purchase contracts meet the SFAS No. 133 definition of normal purchases and sales and, therefore, are not accounted for as derivative instruments. On a daily basis, we receive or make cash transfers reflecting changes in the value of futures contracts (unrealized gains and losses). As mentioned above, such gains and losses are included as a component of other comprehensive income. The cash transfers offset higher or lower cash requirements for payment of future invoice prices for raw materials, energy requirements and transportation costs. Futures held in excess of the amount required to fix the price of unpriced physical forward contracts are effective as hedges of anticipated purchases.
Hedge EffectivenessCommodities
We perform an assessment of hedge effectiveness for commodities futures and options contracts on a quarterly basis. Because of the rollover strategy used for commodities futures contracts, as required by futures market conditions, some ineffectiveness may result in hedging forecasted manufacturing requirements. This occurs as we switch futures contracts from nearby contract positions to contract positions that are required to fix the price of anticipated manufacturing requirements. Hedge ineffectiveness may also result from variability in basis differentials associated with the purchase of raw materials for manufacturing requirements. In accordance with SFAS No. 133, we record the ineffective portion of gains or losses on commodities futures and options contracts currently in cost of sales.
The prices of commodities futures contracts reflect delivery to the same locations where we take delivery of the physical commodities. Therefore, there is no ineffectiveness resulting from differences in location between the derivative and the hedged item.
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THE HERSHEY COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Summary of Activity
Our cash flow hedging derivative activity during the last three years was as follows:
For the years ended December 31, |
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
In millions of dollars | ||||||||||||
Net after-tax gains on cash flow hedging derivatives |
$ | 11.5 | $ | 6.8 | $ | 11.4 | ||||||
Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income to income, net of tax |
(34.1 | ) | .2 | (5.3 | ) | |||||||
Hedge ineffectiveness (losses) gains recognized in cost of sales, before tax |
(.1 | ) | (.5 | ) | 2.0 |
| Net gains and losses on cash flow hedging derivatives were primarily associated with commodities futures contracts. |
| Reclassification adjustments, from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to income, related to gains or losses on commodities futures contracts were reflected in cost of sales. Gains on interest rate swaps were reflected as an adjustment to interest expense. |
| We recorded a gain of $1.0 million in 2006 as a result of the discontinuance of an interest rate swap because the hedged transaction was no longer expected to occur. No other gains or losses on cash flow hedging derivatives resulted because we discontinued a hedge due to the probability that the forecasted hedged transaction would not occur. |
| We recognized no components of gains or losses on cash flow hedging derivatives in income due to excluding such components from the hedge effectiveness assessment. |
The amount of net losses on cash flow hedging derivatives, including foreign exchange forward contracts, interest rate swap agreements and commodities futures contracts, expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next twelve months was approximately $17.0 million after tax as of December 31, 2008. This amount was primarily associated with commodities futures contracts.