FORM 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007

 

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number 1-13087

 

BOSTON PROPERTIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   04-2473675

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Suite 1900

Boston, Massachusetts

  02199-8103
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 236-3300

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

   Name of exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $.01 per share

Preferred Stock Purchase Rights

   New York Stock Exchange

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer  x          Accelerated filer  ¨          Non-accelerated filer  ¨          Smaller reporting company  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

As of June 30, 2007, the aggregate market value of the 116,518,476 shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was $11,900,031,954 based upon the last reported sale price of $102.13 per share on the New York Stock Exchange on June 29, 2007. (For this computation, the Registrant has excluded the market value of all shares of Common Stock reported as beneficially owned by executive officers and directors of the Registrant; such exclusion shall not be deemed to constitute an admission that any such person is an affiliate of the Registrant.)

 

As of February 22, 2008, there were 119,489,042 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

 

Certain information contained in the Registrant’s Proxy Statement relating to its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 12, 2008 is incorporated by reference in Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III. The Registrant intends to file such Proxy Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of its fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ITEM NO.

  

DESCRIPTION

   PAGE NO.

PART I

      1

1.

  

BUSINESS

   1

1A.

  

RISK FACTORS

   15

1B.

  

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

   31

2.

  

PROPERTIES

   31

3.

  

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

   36

4.

  

SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

   36

PART II

      36

5.

  

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

  

36

6.

  

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

   38

7.

  

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

  

40

7A.

  

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

   85

8.

  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

   86

9.

  

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

  

140

9A.

  

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

   140

9B.

  

OTHER INFORMATION

   140

PART III

      141

10.

  

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

   141

11.

  

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

   141

12.

  

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

  

141

13.

  

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

  

142

14.

  

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

   142

PART IV

      143

15.

  

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

   143


Table of Contents

PART I

 

Item 1. Business

 

General

 

As used herein, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to Boston Properties, Inc., a Delaware corporation organized in 1997, individually or together with its subsidiaries, including Boston Properties Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership, and our predecessors. We are a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or “REIT,” and one of the largest owners and developers of office properties in the United States. Our properties are concentrated in five markets—Boston, Washington, D.C., midtown Manhattan, San Francisco and Princeton, NJ. We conduct substantially all of our business through our subsidiary, Boston Properties Limited Partnership. At December 31, 2007, we owned or had interests in 139 properties, totaling approximately 33.9 million net rentable square feet and structured parking for vehicles containing approximately 9.9 million square feet. Our properties consisted of:

 

   

135 office properties comprised of 115 Class A office properties (including 13 properties under construction) and 20 Office/Technical properties;

 

   

one hotel; and

 

   

three retail properties.

 

We own or control undeveloped land totaling approximately 605.2 acres, which will support approximately 13.1 million square feet of development. In addition, we have a minority interest in the Boston Properties Office Value-Added Fund, L.P., which we refer to as the “Value-Added Fund,” which is a strategic partnership with two institutional investors through which we have pursued the acquisition of assets within our existing markets that have deficiencies in property characteristics which provide an opportunity to create value through repositioning, refurbishment or renovation. Our investments through the Value-Added Fund are not included in our portfolio information tables or any other portfolio level statistics. At December 31, 2007, the Value-Added Fund had investments in an office complex in San Carlos, California, and an office property in Chelmsford, Massachusetts. On January 7, 2008, we transferred our Mountain View, California properties to the Value-Added Fund. The Mountain View properties were not included in our property information set forth above as of December 31, 2007.

 

We consider Class A office properties to be centrally-located buildings that are professionally managed and maintained, attract high-quality tenants and command upper-tier rental rates, and that are modern structures or have been modernized to compete with newer buildings. We consider Office/Technical properties to be properties that support office, research and development, laboratory and other technical uses. Our definitions of Class A office and Office/Technical properties may be different than those used by other companies.

 

We are a full-service real estate company, with substantial in-house expertise and resources in acquisitions, development, financing, capital markets, construction management, property management, marketing, leasing, accounting, tax and legal services. As of December 31, 2007, we had approximately 660 employees. Our thirty-three senior officers have an average of twenty-four years experience in the real estate industry and an average of fifteen years of experience with us. Our principal executive office and Boston regional office is located at The Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Suite 1900, Boston, Massachusetts 02199 and our telephone number is (617) 236-3300. In addition, we have regional offices at 505 9 th Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20004; 599 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10022; Four Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, California 94111; and 302 Carnegie Center, Princeton, New Jersey 08540.

 

Our Web site is located at http://www.bostonproperties.com. On our Web site, you can obtain a free copy of our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. The name “Boston Properties” and our logo (consisting of a stylized “b”) are registered service marks of Boston Properties Limited Partnership.

 

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Boston Properties Limited Partnership

 

Boston Properties Limited Partnership, or BPLP, is a Delaware limited partnership, and the entity through which we conduct substantially all of our business and own, either directly or through subsidiaries, substantially all of our assets. We are the sole general partner and, as of February 22, 2008, the owner of approximately 84.0% of the economic interests in BPLP. Economic interest was calculated as the number of common partnership units of BPLP owned by the Company as a percentage of the sum of (1) the actual aggregate number of outstanding common partnership units of BPLP, (2) the number of common partnership units issuable upon conversion of outstanding preferred partnership units of BPLP and (3) the number of common units issuable upon conversion of all outstanding long term incentive plan units of BPLP, or LTIP units, other than LTIP units issued in the form of 2008 Outperformance Awards assuming all conditions have been met for the conversion of the LTIP units. An LTIP Unit is generally the economic equivalent of a share of our restricted common stock, although LTIP units issued in the form of 2008 Outperformance awards are only entitled to receive one-tenth (1/10th) of the regular quarterly distributions (and no special distributions) prior to being earned. See “2008 Outperformance Awards” on page 6. Our general and limited partnership interests in BPLP entitle us to share in cash distributions from, and in the profits and losses of, BPLP in proportion to our percentage interest and entitle us to vote on all matters requiring a vote of the limited partners. The other limited partners of BPLP are persons who contributed their direct or indirect interests in properties to BPLP in exchange for common units or preferred units of limited partnership interest in BPLP or recipients of LTIP units pursuant to the Second Amendment and Restatement of our 1997 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “1997 Plan”). Under the limited partnership agreement of BPLP, unitholders may present their common units of BPLP for redemption at any time (subject to restrictions agreed upon at the time of issuance of the units that may restrict such right for a period of time, generally one year from issuance). Upon presentation of a unit for redemption, BPLP must redeem the unit for cash equal to the then value of a share of our common stock. In lieu of cash redemption by BPLP, however, we may elect to acquire any common units so tendered by issuing shares of our common stock in exchange for the common units. If we so elect, our common stock will be exchanged for common units on a one-for-one basis. This one-for-one exchange ratio is subject to specified adjustments to prevent dilution. We generally expect that we will elect to issue our common stock in connection with each such presentation for redemption rather than having BPLP pay cash. With each such exchange or redemption, our percentage ownership in BPLP will increase. In addition, whenever we issue shares of our common stock other than to acquire common units of Boston Properties Limited Partnership, we must contribute any net proceeds we receive to BPLP and BPLP must issue to us an equivalent number of common units of BPLP. This structure is commonly referred to as an umbrella partnership REIT, or “UPREIT.”

 

Preferred units of BPLP have the rights, preferences and other privileges, including the right to convert into common units of BPLP, as are set forth in an amendment to the limited partnership agreement of BPLP. As of December 31, 2007 and February 22, 2008, BPLP had one series of its preferred units outstanding. The Series Two preferred units have a liquidation preference of $50.00 per unit (or an aggregate of approximately $55.7 million at December 31, 2007 and February 22, 2008). The Series Two preferred units are convertible, at the holder’s election, into common units at a conversion price of $38.10 per common unit (equivalent to a ratio of 1.312336 common units per Series Two preferred unit). Distributions on the Series Two preferred units are payable quarterly and, unless the greater rate described in the next sentence applies, accrue at 7.0% until May 12, 2009 and 6.0% thereafter. If distributions on the number of common units into which the Series Two preferred units are convertible are greater than distributions calculated using the rates described in the preceding sentence for the applicable quarterly period, then the greater distributions are payable instead. Since May 2005, distributions have been made at the greater rate determined on the basis of distributions paid on the common units into which the Series Two preferred units are convertible. The terms of the Series Two preferred units provide that they may be redeemed for cash in six annual tranches, beginning on May 12, 2009, at our election or at the election of the holders. We also have the right to convert into common units of BPLP any Series Two preferred units that are not redeemed when they are eligible for redemption.

 

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Transactions During 2007

 

Real Estate Acquisitions/Dispositions

 

In January 2007, we acquired 6601 and 6605 Springfield Center Drive, consisting of two office/technical properties aggregating approximately 97,000 net rentable square feet located in Springfield, Virginia for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $16.5 million. On April 11, 2007, we acquired an adjacent parcel of land for a purchase price of approximately $25.6 million. The acquisitions were financed with available cash. The acquisition of this property was completed as part of a “like-kind exchange” under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

In January and February 2007, we acquired parcels of land located at 250 West 55th Street in New York City, through a majority-owned venture, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $228.8 million. The acquisitions were financed with a $160.0 million mortgage loan, which bore interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 0.40% per annum and was scheduled to mature in January 2009, and member capital contributions. The loan was collateralized by mortgages totaling approximately $13.6 million. On February 26, 2007, we entered into an agreement to redeem the outside members’ equity interest in the limited liability company that owns 250 West 55th Street for an aggregate redemption price of approximately $23.4 million, of which approximately $21.0 million has been paid. On May 9, 2007, we used available cash to repay the mortgage loan.

 

On January 29, 2007, we acquired 103 Fourth Avenue, an approximately 62,000 net rentable square foot office/technical property located in Waltham, Massachusetts, for a purchase price of approximately $14.3 million. The acquisition was financed with available cash. The acquisition of this property was completed as part of a “like-kind exchange” under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

On February 15, 2007, we sold the long-term leasehold interest in 5 Times Square in New York City and related credits, for approximately $1.28 billion in cash. 5 Times Square is a Class A office tower that contains approximately 1,101,779 net rentable square feet. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $1.23 billion, resulting in a gain on sale of approximately $605.4 million (net of minority interest share of approximately $108.1 million). In conjunction with the sale, we agreed to provide to the buyer monthly revenue support from the closing date until December 31, 2008.

 

On March 23, 2007, we sold the Long Wharf Marriott, a 402-room hotel located in Boston, Massachusetts, for approximately $231.0 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $225.6 million, resulting in a gain on sale of approximately $162.4 million (net of minority interest share of approximately $28.5 million). This property has been categorized as discontinued operations in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The sale of this property was completed as part of a “like-kind exchange” under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

On March 30, 2007, we acquired Kingstowne Towne Center, a mixed-use property located in Alexandria, Virginia, at a purchase price of approximately $134.0 million. This property is comprised of two Class A office properties totaling approximately 307,000 net rentable square feet and a retail/movie theater complex totaling approximately 88,000 net rentable square feet. The acquisition was financed with the assumption of mortgage indebtedness totaling $65.3 million and available cash. The acquisition of this property was completed as part of a “like-kind exchange” under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

On March 30, 2007, we acquired Russia Wharf, a land parcel located in Boston, Massachusetts, for a purchase price of approximately $105.5 million. The acquisition was financed with available cash. The land parcel will support a mixed-use development of approximately 815,000 net rentable square feet, anchored by office space. The acquisition of this property was completed as part of a “like-kind exchange” under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

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On April 5, 2007, we sold Newport Office Park, an approximately 172,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property located in Quincy, Massachusetts, for approximately $37.0 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $33.7 million, resulting in a gain on sale of approximately $11.5 million (net of minority interest share of approximately $2.1 million).

 

On April 12, 2007, we entered into an agreement for the sale of a parcel of land located in Washington, D.C. for approximately $33.7 million. In addition, we entered into a development management agreement with the buyer to develop a Class A office property on the parcel totaling approximately 165,000 net rentable square feet. The sale is subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions and there can be no assurance that the sale will be consummated on the terms currently contemplated or at all.

 

On June 1, 2007, our Value-Added Fund sold Worldgate Plaza located in Herndon, Virginia for approximately $109.0 million. Worldgate Plaza is an office complex consisting of approximately 322,000 net rentable square feet. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $50.5 million, of which our share was approximately $20.3 million, after the repayment of the mortgage indebtedness of $57.0 million and closing costs of approximately $1.5 million, resulting in a gain on sale of approximately $32.8 million. Our share of the gain on sale was approximately $15.5 million, which amount reflects the achievement of certain return thresholds as provided for in the joint venture agreement.

 

On July 24, 2007, we acquired 701 Carnegie Center, a land parcel located in Princeton, New Jersey, for a purchase price of approximately $3.1 million with the title transferring pending subdivision approval. The purchase price was financed with available cash. We entered into a lease agreement on June 11, 2007 with The Trustees of Princeton University for a build-to-suit project on the site for approximately 120,000 net rentable square feet of Class A office space. We expect that the building will be complete and available for occupancy during the fourth quarter of 2009.

 

On August 7, 2007, we sold Democracy Center in Bethesda, Maryland, for approximately $280.5 million. Democracy Center is a Class A office complex that contains an aggregate of approximately 685,000 net rentable square feet. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $184.5 million, after the repayment of the mortgage indebtedness of approximately $94.6 million and closing costs of approximately $1.4 million, resulting in a gain on sale of approximately $168.3 million (net of minority interest share of approximately $29.9 million). The sale of this property was completed as part of a “like-kind exchange” under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

On November 20, 2007, we sold our Orbital Sciences Campus and Broad Run Business Park, Building E properties located in Loudon County, Virginia, for approximately $126.7 million in cash. The Orbital Sciences Campus and Broad Run Business Park, Building E properties are comprised of three Class A office properties aggregating approximately 337,000 net rentable square feet and an office/technical property totaling approximately 127,000 net rentable square feet, respectively. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $125.4 million, resulting in a gain on sale of approximately $46.5 million (net of minority interest share of approximately $8.5 million).

 

On November 27, 2007, we acquired Mountain View Research Park for $183.0 million and Mountain View Technology Park for $40.0 million. The Research Park properties are comprised of sixteen Class A office and office/technical properties aggregating approximately 601,000 net rentable square feet located in Mountain View, California. The Technology Park properties are comprised of seven office/technical properties aggregating approximately 135,000 net rentable square feet located in Mountain View, California. The acquisition was financed with available cash. On January 7, 2008, we transferred the properties to our Value-Added Fund for an aggregate of approximately $223.2 million, consisting of approximately $100.2 million of cash and a promissory note having a principal amount of $123.0 million.

 

On December 13, 2007, we acquired North First Business Park located in San Jose, California, at a purchase price of approximately $71.5 million. This property is comprised of five office properties aggregating approximately 191,000 net rentable square feet and three vacant properties all located on approximately 24 acres

 

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of land. The acquisition was financed with available cash. We expect to redevelop this site into approximately 1.3 million net rentable square feet of Class A office space.

 

Developments

 

As of December 31, 2007, we had thirteen buildings under construction, which aggregate an estimated total investment of $2.1 billion and 3.9 million square feet. The investment to date and estimated total investment for our properties under construction as of December 31, 2007 is detailed below (in thousands):

 

Properties Under Construction

   Estimated
Stabilization Date
   Location    Investment
to Date(1)
   Estimated Total
Investment(1)

250 West 55th Street

   Fourth Quarter 2010    New York, NY    $ 298,000    $ 910,000

Russia Wharf

   Third Quarter 2011    Boston, MA      127,500      525,000

South of Market (Phase I)

   Third Quarter 2009    Reston, VA      153,300      213,800

Wisconsin Place (66.67% ownership)(2)

   Fourth Quarter 2010    Chevy Chase, MD      40,700      93,500

South of Market (Phase II)

   Third Quarter 2010    Reston, VA      19,400      87,200

77 CityPoint

   First Quarter 2009    Waltham, MA      61,600      79,700

505 9th Street (50% ownership)

   First Quarter 2008    Washington, D.C.      66,200      65,000

One Preserve Parkway

   Fourth Quarter 2009    Rockville, MD      37,700      60,500

701 Carnegie Center

   Third Quarter 2009    Princeton, NJ      6,200      34,000

Annapolis Junction (50% ownership)

   Fourth Quarter 2009    Annapolis, MD      8,600      32,600
                   

Total

         $ 819,200    $ 2,101,300
                   

 

(1) Represents our share of the investment.
(2) Includes costs associated with the land and infrastructure project in which we have a 23.89% interest.

 

Equity Transactions

 

During the year ended December 31, 2007, holders of Series Two preferred units of BPLP converted 606,186 Series Two preferred units into 795,519 common units of limited partnership interest. The common units of limited partnership interest were subsequently presented by the holders for redemption and 794,768 common units were acquired by us in exchange for an equal number of shares of common stock and 751 common units were acquired by us in exchange for cash. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2007, we acquired an aggregate of 547,458 common units of limited partnership interest, including 653 common units issued upon the conversion of LTIP units, presented by the holders for redemption, in exchange for an equal number of shares of common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we issued 659,798 shares of common stock as a result of stock options being exercised.

 

Exchangeable Notes Offering

 

On February 6, 2007, our Operating Partnership completed an offering of $862.5 million in aggregate principal amount (including $112.5 million as a result of the exercise by the initial purchasers of their over-allotment option) of its 2.875% exchangeable senior notes due 2037. The notes were priced at 97.433333% of their face amount, resulting in an effective interest rate of approximately 3.438% per annum and net proceeds to us of approximately $840.0 million. The notes mature on February 15, 2037, unless earlier repurchased, exchanged or redeemed.

 

Special Dividend

 

On December 17, 2007, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) declared a special cash dividend of $5.98 per common share which was paid on January 30, 2008 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on December 31, 2007. The decision to declare a special dividend was the result of the sales of assets in 2007, including 5 Times Square, Orbital Sciences Campus, Broad Run Business Park—Building E, Worldgate Plaza and Newport Office Park. The Board did not make any change in our policy with respect to regular quarterly dividends. The special cash dividend was in addition to the regular quarterly dividend of $0.68 per share resulting in a total payment of $6.66 per share paid on January 30, 2008.

 

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2008 Outperformance Awards

 

On January 24, 2008, our Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) of our Board approved outperformance awards under the 1997 Plan to officers and key employees. These awards (the “2008 OPP Awards”) are part of a new broad-based, long-term incentive compensation program designed to provide our management team at several levels within the organization with the potential to earn equity awards subject to our “outperforming” and creating shareholder value in a pay-for-performance structure. 2008 OPP Awards utilize total return to shareholders (“TRS”) over a three-year measurement period as the performance metric and include two years of time-based vesting after the end of the performance measurement period (subject to acceleration in certain events) as a retention tool. Recipients of 2008 OPP Awards will share in an outperformance pool if our TRS, including both share appreciation and dividends, exceeds absolute and relative hurdles over a three-year measurement period from February 5, 2008 to February 5, 2011, based on the average closing price of a share of our common stock for the five trading days prior to and including February 5, 2008. The aggregate reward that recipients of all 2008 OPP Awards can earn, as measured by the outperformance pool, is subject to a maximum cap of $110 million, although OPP awards for an aggregate of up to approximately $104.8 million have been allocated to date and were granted on February 5, 2008. The balance remains available for future grants, with OPP awards exceeding a potential reward of $1 million requiring the approval of the Committee (See Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

 

Business and Growth Strategies

 

Business Strategy

 

Our primary business objective is to maximize return on investment so as to provide our investors with the greatest possible total return. Our strategy to achieve this objective is:

 

   

to concentrate on a few carefully selected geographic markets, including Boston, Washington, D.C., midtown Manhattan, San Francisco and Princeton, NJ, and to be one of the leading, if not the leading, owners and developers in each of those markets. We select markets and submarkets where tenants have demonstrated a preference for high-quality office buildings and other facilities;

 

   

to emphasize markets and submarkets within those markets where the lack of available sites and the difficulty of receiving the necessary approvals for development and the necessary financing constitute high barriers to the creation of new supply, and where skill, financial strength and diligence are required to successfully develop, finance and manage high-quality office, research and development space as well as selected retail space;

 

   

to take on complex, technically challenging projects, leveraging the skills of our management team to successfully develop, acquire or reposition properties which other organizations may not have the capacity or resources to pursue;

 

   

to concentrate on high-quality real estate designed to meet the demands of today’s tenants who require sophisticated telecommunications and related infrastructure and support services, and to manage those facilities so as to become the landlord of choice for both existing and prospective clients;

 

   

to opportunistically acquire assets which increase our penetration in the markets in which we have chosen to concentrate and which exhibit an opportunity to improve or preserve returns through repositioning (through a combination of capital improvements and shift in marketing strategy), changes in management focus and re-leasing as existing leases terminate;

 

   

to explore joint venture opportunities primarily with existing owners of land parcels located in desirable locations, who seek to benefit from the depth of development and management expertise we are able to provide and our access to capital, and/or to explore joint venture opportunities with strategic institutional partners, leveraging our skills as owners, operators and developers of Class A office space as well as partners with expertise in mixed-use opportunities;

 

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to pursue on a selective basis the sale of properties, including core properties, to take advantage of our value creation and the demand for our premier properties;

 

   

to seek third-party development contracts, which can be a significant source of revenue and enable us to retain and utilize our existing development and construction management staff, especially when our internal development is less active or when new development is less-warranted due to market conditions; and

 

   

to enhance our capital structure through our access to a variety of sources of capital.

 

Growth Strategies

 

External Growth

 

We believe that our development experience and our organizational depth position us to continue to selectively develop a range of property types, including low-rise suburban office properties, high-rise urban developments, mixed-use developments and research and laboratory space, within budget and on schedule. Other factors that contribute to our competitive position include:

 

   

our control of sites (including sites under contract or option to acquire) in our markets that will support approximately 13.1 million square feet of new office, retail, hotel and residential development;

 

   

our reputation gained through 38 years of successful operations and the stability and strength of our existing portfolio of properties;

 

   

our relationships with leading national corporations and public institutions seeking new facilities and development services;

 

   

our relationships with nationally recognized financial institutions that provide capital to the real estate industry;

 

   

our track record and reputation for executing acquisitions efficiently provides comfort to domestic and foreign institutions, private investors and corporations who seek to sell commercial real estate in our market areas;

 

   

our ability to act quickly on due diligence and financing; and

 

   

our relationships with institutional buyers and sellers of high-quality real estate assets.

 

Opportunities to execute our external growth strategy fall into three categories:

 

   

Development in selected submarkets. We believe the continued development of well-positioned office buildings will be justified in many of our submarkets. We believe in acquiring land after taking into consideration timing factors relating to economic cycles and in response to market conditions that allow for its development at the appropriate time. While we purposely concentrate in markets with high barriers-to-entry, we have demonstrated throughout our 38-year history, an ability to make carefully timed land acquisitions in submarkets where we can become one of the market leaders in establishing rent and other business terms. We believe that there are opportunities at key locations in our existing and other markets for a well-capitalized developer to acquire land with development potential.

 

In the past, we have been particularly successful at acquiring sites or options to purchase sites that need governmental approvals for development. Because of our development expertise, knowledge of the governmental approval process and reputation for quality development with local government regulatory bodies, we generally have been able to secure the permits necessary to allow development and to profit from the resulting increase in land value. We seek complex projects where we can add value through the efforts of our experienced and skilled management team leading to attractive returns on investment.

 

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Our strong regional relationships and recognized development expertise have enabled us to capitalize on unique build-to-suit opportunities. We intend to seek and expect to continue to be presented with such opportunities in the near term allowing us to earn relatively significant returns on these development opportunities through multiple business cycles.

 

   

Acquisition of assets and portfolios of assets from institutions or individuals. We believe that due to our size, management strength and reputation, we are well positioned to acquire portfolios of assets or individual properties from institutions or individuals if valuations meet our criteria. In addition, we believe that our relatively low leverage and our liquidity and access to capital may provide us with a competitive advantage when pursuing acquisitions in the current credit-constrained environment. There may be enhanced opportunities to purchase assets with near-term financing maturities or possibly provide debt on assets at enhanced yields given the limited availability of traditional sources of debt. We may acquire properties for cash, but we are also particularly well-positioned to appeal to sellers wishing to contribute on a tax-deferred basis their ownership of property for equity in a diversified real estate operating company that offers liquidity through access to the public equity markets in addition to a quarterly distribution. Our ability to offer common and preferred units of limited partnership in BPLP to sellers who would otherwise recognize a taxable gain upon a sale of assets for cash or our common stock may facilitate this type of transaction on a tax-efficient basis. In addition, we may consider mergers with and acquisitions of compatible real estate firms.

 

   

Acquisition of underperforming assets and portfolios of assets. We believe that because of our in-depth market knowledge and development experience in each of our markets, our national reputation with brokers, financial institutions and others involved in the real estate market and our access to competitively-priced capital, we are well-positioned to identify and acquire existing, underperforming properties for competitive prices and to add significant additional value to such properties through our effective marketing strategies and a responsive property management program. We have developed this strategy and program for our existing portfolio, where we provide high-quality property management services using our own employees in order to encourage tenants to renew, expand and relocate in our properties. We are able to achieve speed and transaction cost efficiency in replacing departing tenants through the use of in-house and third-party vendors’ services for marketing, including calls and presentations to prospective tenants, print advertisements, lease negotiation and construction of tenant improvements. Our tenants benefit from cost efficiencies produced by our experienced work force, which is attentive to preventive maintenance and energy management.

 

Internal Growth

 

We believe that significant opportunities will exist to increase cash flow from our existing properties because they are of high quality and in desirable locations. In addition, our properties are in markets where, in general, the creation of new supply is limited by the lack of available sites, the difficulty of receiving the necessary approvals for development on vacant land and the difficulty of obtaining financing. Our strategy for maximizing the benefits from these opportunities is three-fold: (1) to provide high-quality property management services using our employees in order to encourage tenants to renew, expand and relocate in our properties, (2) to achieve speed and transaction cost efficiency in replacing departing tenants through the use of in-house services for marketing, lease negotiation and construction of tenant improvements and (3) to work with new or existing tenants with space expansion and contraction maximizing the cash flow from our assets. We believe that our office properties will add to our internal growth because of their desirable locations and the fact that our in-place rents are currently lower than market rents. We expect to continue our internal growth as a result of our ability to:

 

   

Cultivate existing submarkets and long-term relationships with credit tenants. In choosing locations for our properties, we have paid particular attention to transportation and commuting patterns, physical environment, adjacency to established business centers, proximity to sources of business growth and other local factors.

 

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We had an average lease term of 7.4 years at December 31, 2007 and continue to cultivate long-term leasing relationships with a diverse base of high quality, financially stable tenants. Based on leases in place at December 31, 2007, leases with respect to 5.5% of the total square feet in our portfolio will expire in calendar year 2008.

 

   

Directly manage properties to maximize the potential for tenant retention. We provide property management services ourselves, rather than contracting for this service, to maintain awareness of and responsiveness to tenant needs. We and our properties also benefit from cost efficiencies produced by an experienced work force attentive to preventive maintenance and energy management and from our continuing programs to assure that our property management personnel at all levels remain aware of their important role in tenant relations.

 

   

Replace tenants quickly at best available market terms and lowest possible transaction costs. We believe that we are well-positioned to attract new tenants and achieve relatively high rental rates as a result of our well-located, well-designed and well-maintained properties, our reputation for high-quality building services and responsiveness to tenants, and our ability to offer expansion and relocation alternatives within our submarkets.

 

   

Extend terms of existing leases to existing tenants prior to expiration. We have also successfully structured early tenant renewals, which have reduced the cost associated with lease downtime while securing the tenancy of our highest quality credit-worthy tenants on a long-term basis and enhancing relationships.

 

Policies with Respect to Certain Activities

 

The discussion below sets forth certain additional information regarding our investment, financing and other policies. These policies have been determined by our Board of Directors and, in general, may be amended or revised from time to time by our Board of Directors.

 

Investment Policies

 

Investments in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate

 

Our investment objectives are to provide quarterly cash dividends to our securityholders and to achieve long-term capital appreciation through increases in the value of Boston Properties, Inc. We have not established a specific policy regarding the relative priority of these investment objectives.

 

We expect to continue to pursue our investment objectives primarily through the ownership of our current properties, development projects and other acquired properties. We currently intend to continue to invest primarily in developments of properties and acquisitions of existing improved properties or properties in need of redevelopment, and acquisitions of land that we believe have development potential, primarily in our markets—Boston, Washington, D.C., midtown Manhattan, San Francisco and Princeton, NJ. Future investment or development activities will not be limited to a specified percentage of our assets. We intend to engage in such future investment or development activities in a manner that is consistent with the maintenance of our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In addition, we may purchase or lease income-producing commercial and other types of properties for long-term investment, expand and improve the real estate presently owned or other properties purchased, or sell such real estate properties, in whole or in part, when circumstances warrant. We do not have a policy that restricts the amount or percentage of assets that will be invested in any specific property, however, our investments may be restricted by our debt covenants.

 

We may also continue to participate with third parties in property ownership, through joint ventures or other types of co-ownership, including third parties with expertise in mixed-use opportunities. These investments may permit us to own interests in larger assets without unduly restricting diversification and, therefore, add flexibility in structuring our portfolio.

 

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Equity investments may be subject to existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or such financing or indebtedness as may be incurred in connection with acquiring or refinancing these investments. Debt service on such financing or indebtedness will have a priority over any distributions with respect to our common stock. Investments are also subject to our policy not to be treated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

 

Investments in Real Estate Mortgages

 

While our current portfolio consists of, and our business objectives emphasize, equity investments in commercial real estate, we may, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, invest in mortgages and other types of real estate interests consistent with our qualification as a REIT. Investments in real estate mortgages run the risk that one or more borrowers may default under such mortgages and that the collateral securing such mortgages may not be sufficient to enable us to recoup its full investment. Although we currently do not have any investments in mortgages or deeds of trust, we may invest in participating or convertible mortgages if we conclude that we may benefit from the cash flow or any appreciation in value of the property.

 

Securities of or Interests in Persons Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities

 

Subject to the percentage of ownership limitations and gross income tests necessary for our REIT qualification, we also may invest in securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of exercising control over such entities.

 

Dispositions

 

Our disposition of properties is based upon the periodic review of our portfolio and the determination by the Board of Directors that such action would be in our best interests. Any decision to dispose of a property will be authorized by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof. Some holders of limited partnership interests in BPLP, including Mortimer B. Zuckerman and Edward H. Linde, would incur adverse tax consequences upon the sale of certain of our properties that differ from the tax consequences to us. Consequently, holders of limited partnership interests in BPLP may have different objectives regarding the appropriate pricing and timing of any such sale. Such different tax treatment derives in most cases from the fact that we acquired these properties in exchange for partnership interests in contribution transactions structured to allow the prior owners to defer taxable gain. Generally this deferral continues so long as we do not dispose of the properties in a taxable transaction. Unless a sale by us of these properties is structured as a like-kind exchange under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code or in a manner that otherwise allows deferral to continue, recognition of the deferred tax gain allocable to these prior owners is generally triggered by the sale. Some of our assets are subject to tax protection agreements, which may limit our ability to dispose of the assets or require us to pay damages to the prior owners in the event of a taxable sale.

 

Financing Policies

 

The agreement of limited partnership of BPLP and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws do not limit the amount or percentage of indebtedness that we may incur. We do not have a policy limiting the amount of indebtedness that we may incur. However, our mortgages, credit facilities and unsecured debt securities contain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness. We have not established any limit on the number or amount of mortgages that may be placed on any single property or on our portfolio as a whole.

 

Our Board of Directors will consider a number of factors when evaluating our level of indebtedness and when making decisions regarding the incurrence of indebtedness, including the purchase price of properties to be acquired with debt financing, the estimated market value of our properties upon refinancing, the entering into agreements such as interest rate swaps, caps, floors and other interest rate hedging contracts and the ability of particular properties and BPLP as a whole to generate cash flow to cover expected debt service.

 

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Policies with Respect to Other Activities

 

As the sole general partner of BPLP, we have the authority to issue additional common and preferred units of limited partnership interest of BPLP. We have in the past, and may in the future, issue common or preferred units of limited partnership interest of BPLP to persons who contribute their direct or indirect interests in properties to us in exchange for such common or preferred units of limited partnership interest in BPLP. We have not engaged in trading, underwriting or agency distribution or sale of securities of issuers other than BPLP and we do not intend to do so. At all times, we intend to make investments in such a manner as to maintain our qualification as a REIT, unless because of circumstances or changes in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or the Treasury Regulations), our Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in our best interest to qualify as a REIT. We may make loans to third parties, including, without limitation, to joint ventures in which we participate. We intend to make investments in such a way that we will not be treated as an investment company under the 1940 Act. Our policies with respect to these and other activities may be reviewed and modified or amended from time to time by the Board of Directors.

 

Energy and Natural Resource Conservation

 

As one of the largest owners and developers of office properties in the United States, we strive to control our energy and natural resource consumption through active management at our properties. On an annual basis, our property managers identify capital improvement projects and building systems enhancements that have the potential to reduce the use of energy at each property. The identified projects and enhancements are then reviewed with senior management, and the projects and enhancements that offer material energy or resource savings and meet our investment criteria are then implemented.

 

During 2007, we continued implementing numerous improvement projects and system enhancements, including, without limitation, the following:

 

   

installation of higher efficiency lighting in public spaces, garages, stairways and elevators;

 

   

installation of new, high-efficiency motors, air compressors, chillers and other heating, ventilation and air conditioning (“HVAC”) system components;

 

   

replacing and upgrading energy management systems, including installation of carbon dioxide controls;

 

   

installation of solar reflective window film to reduce solar heat gain, glare and ultraviolet radiation, and adding wall and ceiling insulation to reduce thermal losses;

 

   

modernizing cooling towers with high-efficiency fill and distribution pans;

 

   

implementing programs to minimize waste of water and reclaim steam condensate for our cooling towers;

 

   

upgrading water treatment, plumbing and irrigation operations; and

 

   

implementing extensive recycling programs.

 

In addition to the physical improvements and systems enhancements described above, our property managers also benchmark building energy consumption with the goal of optimizing equipment use and operation, provide training for our property management staff and strive to make our tenants more aware of energy codes and energy saving opportunities. For example, we have worked collaboratively with our tenants at many of our buildings to implement new policies for providing HVAC on weekends only upon request. We also continue to increase the use of shuttle services between certain of our properties and the local bus and subway stations to encourage the use of mass transportation. These management initiatives are intended to not only help reduce energy consumption in the short term, but also heighten awareness of the issue to help ensure energy efficiency over the long term.

 

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We believe our efforts described above have led to a meaningful reduction in the number of kilowatt-hours (“kWh”) used in the operation of our properties and a reduction in our operating expenses. We estimate that the efforts we undertook in 2007 alone will reduce the amount of electrical usage throughout our portfolio by more than 2.4 million kWh per year. Our efforts have also been recognized by third parties as we have achieved the Environmental Protection Agency’s Energy Star® designation at several of our buildings and have earned energy conservation awards and recognition at properties located throughout our portfolio.

 

In addition to the efforts described above, we participate in utility rebate programs when making significant capital improvements and, when economically practicable, we subscribe to long-term, fixed utility contracts on a regional basis.

 

On an annual basis, we intend to continue to explore ways of reducing our energy consumption and related expenses, and conserving natural resources, across our portfolio.

 

Environmentally Sound Development

 

“Green” buildings are designed, constructed, and operated to provide greater environmental, economic, health and productivity performance than conventional buildings. As a developer, we participate in the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program. The LEED Green Building Rating System® is a voluntary, consensus-based national standard of design guidelines for high-performance, sustainable “Green” buildings. The USGBC’s LEED certification follows a rigorous registration process which evaluates and gives Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum ratings to green buildings.

 

We currently have LEED registered projects under development throughout our portfolio, including the following:

 

   

250 West 55th Street—This 1,000,000 square foot Class A office tower in New York, NY has been pre-certified with a Gold LEED rating.

 

   

Annapolis Junction—This 117,600 square foot Class A office property in Annapolis, MD has been pre-certified with a Gold LEED rating.

 

   

77 CityPoint—This 210,000 square foot Class A office property in Waltham, MA has been pre-certified with a Silver LEED rating.

 

We also have several other development projects that have been designed to achieve LEED certification. These include Russia Wharf, an 815,000 square foot office tower in Boston, MA, and 701 Carnegie Center, a 120,000 square foot office property in Princeton, NJ. We expect to apply for official LEED pre-certification of these projects in due course. In addition, we actively seek opportunities to achieve LEED ratings on commercial interiors as tenants build-out or renovate their space. We have numerous commercial interior projects either planned or currently under construction that have been designed to achieve LEED certification, and we have already completed various projects that either already received, or we expect will receive, LEED certifications, including our new headquarters in the Prudential Center in Boston.

 

Many of the local jurisdictions in which we operate and develop buildings are also making efforts to promote environmentally sound developments by adopting aspects of the LEED program. As a result, we intend to continue to be proactive in evaluating each new development to determine whether it is physically practical and economically feasible to produce a LEED certified building.

 

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Competition

 

We compete in the leasing of office space with a considerable number of other real estate companies, some of which may have greater marketing and financial resources than are available to us. In addition, our hotel property competes for guests with other hotels, some of which may have greater marketing and financial resources than are available to us and to the manager of our one hotel, Marriott International, Inc.

 

Principal factors of competition in our primary business of owning, acquiring and developing office properties are the quality of properties, leasing terms (including rent and other charges and allowances for tenant improvements), attractiveness and convenience of location, the quality and breadth of tenant services provided, and reputation as an owner and operator of quality office properties in the relevant market. Additionally, our ability to compete depends upon, among other factors, trends of the national and local economies, investment alternatives, financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, utilities, governmental regulations, legislation and population trends.

 

Our Hotel Property

 

We operate our hotel property through a taxable REIT subsidiary. The taxable REIT subsidiary, a wholly-owned subsidiary of BPLP, is the lessee pursuant to leases for the hotel property. As lessor, BPLP is entitled to a percentage of gross receipts from the hotel property. The hotel lease allows all the economic benefits of ownership to flow to us. Marriott International, Inc. continues to manage the hotel property under the Marriott name and under terms of the existing management agreements. Marriott has been engaged under a separate long-term incentive management agreement to operate and manage the hotel on behalf of the taxable REIT subsidiary. In connection with these arrangements, Marriott has agreed to operate and maintain our hotel in accordance with its system-wide standard for comparable hotels and to provide the hotel with the benefits of its central reservation system and other chain-wide programs and services. Under a management agreement for the hotel, Marriott acts as the taxable REIT subsidiary’s agent to supervise, direct and control the management and operation of the hotel and receives as compensation base management fees that are calculated as a percentage of the hotel’s gross revenues, and supplemental incentive fees if the hotel exceeds negotiated profitability breakpoints. In addition, the taxable REIT subsidiary compensates Marriott, on the basis of a formula applied to the hotel’s gross revenues, for certain system-wide services provided by Marriott, including central reservations, marketing and training. During 2007, 2006 and 2005, Marriott received an aggregate of approximately $3.2 million, $4.7 million and $4.2, respectively. For the years 2006 and 2005, these amounts include payments related to Long Wharf Marriott and Residence Inn by Marriott hotel properties, as applicable.

 

Seasonality

 

Our hotel property traditionally has experienced significant seasonality in its operating income, with the percentage of net operating income by quarter over the year ended December 31, 2007 shown below.

 

First Quarter

 

Second Quarter

 

Third Quarter

 

Fourth Quarter

7%

  29%   24%   40%

 

Corporate Governance

 

Boston Properties is currently managed by a nine member Board of Directors, which is divided into three classes (Class I, Class II and Class III). Our Board of Directors is currently composed of three Class I directors (Mortimer B. Zuckerman, Carol B. Einiger and Richard E. Salomon), four Class II directors (Lawrence S. Bacow, Zoë Baird, Alan J. Patricof and Martin Turchin) and two Class III directors (Edward H. Linde and David A. Twardock). As a result of the resignation of William M. Daley in May 2007, there is currently a vacancy in

 

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Class III. The members of each class of our Board of Directors serve for staggered three-year terms, and the terms of our current Class I, Class II and Class III directors expire upon the election and qualification of directors at the annual meetings of stockholders held in 2010, 2008 and 2009, respectively. At each annual meeting of stockholders, directors will be elected or re-elected for a full term of three years to succeed those directors whose terms are expiring.

 

Our Board of Directors has Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees. The membership of each of these committees is described below.

 

Name of Director

   Audit     Compensation     Nominating
and
Corporate
Governance
 

Lawrence S. Bacow

   X      

Zoë Baird

     X     X *

Carol B. Einiger

   X      

Alan J. Patricof

   X *    

Richard E. Salomon

     X *  

David A. Twardock

     X     X  

 

X=Committee member, *=Chair

 

   

Our Board of Directors has adopted charters for each of its Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees. The Audit and Compensation Committees are comprised of three (3) independent directors, while the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is comprised of two (2) independent directors. A copy of each of these charters is available on our website at http://www.bostonproperties.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Committees and Charters.” A copy of each of these charters is also available in print to any stockholder upon written request addressed to Investor Relations, Boston Properties, Inc., The Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199.

 

   

Our Board of Directors has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines, a copy of which is available on our website at http://www.bostonproperties.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Governance Guidelines.” A copy of these guidelines is also available in print to any stockholder upon written request addressed to Investor Relations, Boston Properties, Inc., The Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199.

 

   

Our Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which governs business decisions made and actions taken by our directors, officers and employees. A copy of this code is available on our website at http://www.bostonproperties.com under the heading “Corporate Governance” and subheading “Code of Conduct and Ethics.” We intend to disclose on this website any amendment to, or waiver of, any provision of this Code applicable to our directors and executive officers that would otherwise be required to be disclosed under the rules of the SEC or the New York Stock Exchange. A copy of this Code is also available in print to any stockholder upon written request addressed to Investor Relations, Boston Properties, Inc., The Prudential Center, 800 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199.

 

   

Our Board of Directors has established an ethics reporting system that employees may use to anonymously report possible violations of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, including concerns regarding questionable accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, by telephone or over the internet.

 

   

On June 6, 2007, Edward H. Linde, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, submitted to the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) the Annual CEO Certification required by Section 303A of the Corporate Governance Rules of the NYSE certifying that he was not aware of any violation by the Company of NYSE corporate governance listing standards.

 

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Item 1A. Risk Factors.

 

Set forth below are the risks that we believe are material to our investors. We refer to the shares of our common stock and the units of limited partnership interest in BPLP together as our “securities,” and the investors who own shares or units, or both, as our “securityholders.” This section contains forward-looking statements. You should refer to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements beginning on page 40.

 

Our performance and value are subject to risks associated with our real estate assets and with the real estate industry.

 

Our economic performance and the value of our real estate assets, and consequently the value of our securities, are subject to the risk that if our office and hotel properties do not generate revenues sufficient to meet our operating expenses, including debt service and capital expenditures, our cash flow and ability to pay distributions to our securityholders will be adversely affected. The following factors, among others, may adversely affect the income generated by our office and hotel properties:

 

   

downturns in the national, regional and local economic conditions (particularly increases in unemployment);

 

   

competition from other office, hotel and commercial buildings;

 

   

local real estate market conditions, such as oversupply or reduction in demand for office, hotel or other commercial space;

 

   

changes in interest rates and availability of attractive financing;

 

   

vacancies, changes in market rental rates and the need to periodically repair, renovate and re-let space;

 

   

increased operating costs, including insurance expense, utilities, real estate taxes, state and local taxes and heightened security costs;

 

   

civil disturbances, earthquakes and other natural disasters, or terrorist acts or acts of war which may result in uninsured or underinsured losses;

 

   

significant expenditures associated with each investment, such as debt service payments, real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance costs which are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in revenues from a property;

 

   

declines in the financial condition of our tenants and our ability to collect rents from our tenants; and

 

   

decreases in the underlying value of our real estate.

 

We are dependent upon the economic climates of our markets—Boston, Washington, D.C., midtown Manhattan, San Francisco and Princeton, NJ.

 

Substantially all of our revenue is derived from properties located in five markets: Boston, Washington, D.C., midtown Manhattan, San Francisco and Princeton, NJ. A downturn in the economies of these markets, or the impact that a downturn in the overall national economy may have upon these economies, could result in reduced demand for office space. Because our portfolio consists primarily of office buildings (as compared to a more diversified real estate portfolio), a decrease in demand for office space in turn could adversely affect our results of operations. Additionally, there are submarkets within our markets that are dependent upon a limited number of industries. For example, in our Washington, D.C. market we focus on leasing office properties to governmental agencies and contractors, as well as legal firms. In our midtown Manhattan market we have historically leased properties to financial, legal and other professional firms. A significant downturn in one or more of these sectors could adversely affect our results of operations.

 

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Our investment in property development may be more costly than anticipated.

 

We intend to continue to develop and substantially renovate office properties. Our current and future development and construction activities may be exposed to the following risks:

 

   

we may be unable to proceed with the development of properties because we cannot obtain financing on favorable terms or at all;

 

   

we may incur construction costs for a development project which exceed our original estimates due to increases in interest rates and increased materials, labor, leasing or other costs, which could make completion of the project less profitable because market rents may not increase sufficiently to compensate for the increase in construction costs;

 

   

we may be unable to obtain, or face delays in obtaining, required zoning, land-use, building, occupancy, and other governmental permits and authorizations, which could result in increased costs and could require us to abandon our activities entirely with respect to a project;

 

   

we may abandon development opportunities after we begin to explore them and as a result we may lose deposits or fail to recover expenses already incurred;

 

   

we may expend funds on and devote management’s time to projects which we do not complete; and

 

   

we may be unable to complete construction and/or leasing of a property on schedule.

 

Investment returns from our developed properties may be lower than anticipated.

 

Our developed properties may be exposed to the following risks:

 

   

we may lease developed properties at rental rates that are less than the rates projected at the time we decide to undertake the development; and

 

   

occupancy rates and rents at newly developed properties may fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including market and economic conditions, and may result in our investments being less profitable than we expected or not profitable at all.

 

We face risks associated with the development of mixed-use commercial properties.

 

We may develop properties, either alone or through joint ventures with other persons, that are known as “mixed-use” developments. This means that in addition to the development of office space, the project may also include space for other commercial purposes. We have limited experience in developing and managing non-office and non-retail real estate. As a result, if a development project includes a non-office or non-retail use, we may seek to sell the rights to that component to a third-party developer with experience in that use or we may seek to partner with such a developer. If we are not able to sell the rights or partner with such a developer, or if we choose to develop the other component ourselves, we would be exposed not only to those risks typically associated with the development of commercial real estate generally, but also to specific risks associated with the development and ownership of non-office and non-retail real estate. In addition, even if we sell the rights to develop the other component or elect to participate in the development through a joint venture, we may be exposed to the risks associated with the failure of the other party to complete the development as expected. These include the risk that the other party would default on its obligations necessitating that we complete the other component ourselves (including providing any necessary financing).

 

We face risks associated with the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments, including refinancing risk.

 

We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow will be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest. We anticipate that only a small portion of

 

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the principal of our debt will be repaid prior to maturity. Therefore, we are likely to need to refinance at least a portion of our outstanding debt as it matures. There is a risk that we may not be able to refinance existing debt or that the terms of any refinancing will not be as favorable as the terms of our existing debt. If principal payments due at maturity cannot be refinanced, extended or repaid with proceeds from other sources, such as new equity capital, our cash flow may not be sufficient to repay all maturing debt in years when significant “balloon” payments come due. In addition, we may rely on debt to fund a portion of our new investments such as our acquisition and development activity. There is a risk that we may be unable to finance these activities on favorable terms or at all. This risk is currently heightened because the debt market is experiencing volatility, including reduced liquidity and increased credit risk premiums. These conditions, which increase the cost and reduce the availability of debt, may continue or worsen in the future.

 

We have agreements with a number of limited partners of BPLP who contributed properties in exchange for partnership interests that require BPLP to maintain for specified periods of time secured debt on certain of our assets and/or allocate partnership debt to such limited partners to enable them to continue to defer recognition of their taxable gain with respect to the contributed property. These tax protection and debt allocation agreements may restrict our ability to repay or refinance debt.

 

An increase in interest rates would increase our interest costs on variable rate debt and could adversely impact our ability to refinance existing debt or sell assets.

 

As of February 22, 2008, we had approximately $142.3 million of indebtedness that bears interest at variable rates, and we may incur more of such indebtedness in the future. Approximately $96.7 million of this variable rate debt is fixed through an interest rate swap contract at 5.82% per annum through October 2008. If interest rates increase, then so will the interest costs on our unhedged variable rate debt, which could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders. Further, rising interest rates could limit our ability to refinance existing debt when it matures. From time to time, we enter into interest rate swap agreements and other interest rate hedging contracts, including swaps, caps and floors. While these agreements are intended to lessen the impact of rising interest rates on us, they also expose us to the risk that the other parties to the agreements will not perform, we could incur significant costs associated with the settlement of the agreements, the agreements will be unenforceable and the underlying transactions will fail to qualify as highly-effective cash flow hedges under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended” (See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). In addition, an increase in interest rates could decrease the amount third-parties are willing to pay for our assets, thereby limiting our ability to change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.

 

Covenants in our debt agreements could adversely affect our financial condition.

 

The mortgages on our properties contain customary covenants such as those that limit our ability, without the prior consent of the lender, to further mortgage the applicable property or to discontinue insurance coverage. Our unsecured credit facility, unsecured debt securities and secured loans contain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness, including total debt to asset ratios, secured debt to total asset ratios, debt service coverage ratios and minimum ratios of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt, which we must maintain. Our continued ability to borrow under our credit facilities is subject to compliance with our financial and other covenants. In addition, our failure to comply with such covenants could cause a default under the applicable debt agreement, and we may then be required to repay such debt with capital from other sources. Under those circumstances, other sources of capital may not be available to us, or be available only on unattractive terms. Additionally, in the future our ability to satisfy current or prospective lenders’ insurance requirements may be adversely affected if lenders generally insist upon greater insurance coverage against acts of terrorism or losses resulting from earthquakes than is available to us in the marketplace or on commercially reasonable terms.

 

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We rely on debt financing, including borrowings under our unsecured credit facility, issuances of unsecured debt securities and debt secured by individual properties, to finance our acquisition and development activities and for working capital. If we are unable to obtain debt financing from these or other sources, or to refinance existing indebtedness upon maturity, our financial condition and results of operations would likely be adversely affected. If we breach covenants in our debt agreements, the lenders can declare a default and, if the debt is secured, can take possession of the property securing the defaulted loan. In addition, our unsecured debt agreements contain specific cross-default provisions with respect to specified other indebtedness, giving the unsecured lenders the right to declare a default if we are in default under other loans in some circumstances. Defaults under our debt agreements could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our degree of leverage could limit our ability to obtain additional financing or affect the market price of our common stock or debt securities.

 

On February 22, 2008, we had approximately $5.5 billion in total indebtedness outstanding on a consolidated basis (i.e., excluding unconsolidated joint venture debt). Debt to market capitalization ratio, which measures total debt as a percentage of the aggregate of total debt plus the market value of outstanding equity securities, is often used by analysts to gauge leverage for equity REITs such as us. Our market value is calculated using the price per share of our common stock. Using the closing stock price of $88.06 per share of our common stock of Boston Properties, Inc. on February 22, 2008, multiplied by the sum of (1) the actual aggregate number of outstanding common partnership units of BPLP (including common partnership units held by us), (2) the number of common partnership units available upon conversion of all outstanding preferred partnership units of BPLP and (3) the number of common units issuable upon conversion of all outstanding LTIP units (other than LTIP units issued in the form of 2008 Outperformance Awards) assuming all conditions have been met for conversion of the LTIP units, our debt to total market capitalization ratio was approximately 31% as of February 22, 2008.

 

Our degree of leverage could affect our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, development or other general corporate purposes. Our senior unsecured debt is currently rated investment grade by the three major rating agencies. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain this rating, and in the event our senior debt is downgraded from its current rating, we would likely incur higher borrowing costs and/or difficulty in obtaining additional financing. Our degree of leverage could also make us more vulnerable to a downturn in business or the economy generally. There is a risk that changes in our debt to market capitalization ratio, which is in part a function of our stock price, or our ratio of indebtedness to other measures of asset value used by financial analysts may have an adverse effect on the market price of our equity or debt securities.

 

We face risks associated with property acquisitions.

 

We have acquired in the past and intend to continue to pursue the acquisition of properties and portfolios of properties, including large portfolios that could increase our size and result in alterations to our capital structure. Our acquisition activities and their success are subject to the following risks:

 

   

even if we enter into an acquisition agreement for a property, we may be unable to complete that acquisition after making a non-refundable deposit and incurring certain other acquisition-related costs;

 

   

we may be unable to obtain financing for acquisitions on favorable terms or at all;

 

   

acquired properties may fail to perform as expected;

 

   

the actual costs of repositioning or redeveloping acquired properties may be greater than our estimates;

 

   

the acquisition agreement will likely contain conditions to closing, including completion of due diligence investigations to our satisfaction or other conditions that are not within our control, which may not be satisfied;

 

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acquired properties may be located in new markets where we may face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local economy, lack of business relationships in the area and unfamiliarity with local governmental and permitting procedures; and

 

   

we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions, particularly acquisitions of portfolios of properties, into our existing operations, and this could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

 

We have acquired in the past and in the future may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for partnership interests in BPLP. This acquisition structure has the effect, among others, of reducing the amount of tax depreciation we can deduct over the tax life of the acquired properties, and typically requires that we agree to protect the contributors’ ability to defer recognition of taxable gain through restrictions on our ability to dispose of the acquired properties and/or the allocation of partnership debt to the contributors to maintain their tax bases. These restrictions could limit our ability to sell an asset at a time, or on terms, that would be favorable absent such restrictions.

 

Acquired properties may expose us to unknown liability.

 

We may acquire properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, against the prior owners or other third parties with respect to unknown liabilities. As a result, if a liability were asserted against us based upon ownership of those properties, we might have to pay substantial sums to settle or contest it, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow. Unknown liabilities with respect to acquired properties might include:

 

   

liabilities for clean-up of undisclosed environmental contamination;

 

   

claims by tenants, vendors or other persons against the former owners of the properties;

 

   

liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business; and

 

   

claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties.

 

Competition for acquisitions may result in increased prices for properties.

 

We plan to continue to acquire properties as we are presented with attractive opportunities. We may face competition for acquisition opportunities with other investors, and this competition may adversely affect us by subjecting us to the following risks:

 

   

we may be unable to acquire a desired property because of competition from other well-capitalized real estate investors, including publicly traded and private REITs, institutional investment funds and other real estate investors; and

 

   

even if we are able to acquire a desired property, competition from other real estate investors may significantly increase the purchase price.

 

Our use of joint ventures may limit our flexibility with jointly owned investments.

 

In appropriate circumstances, we intend to develop and acquire properties in joint ventures with other persons or entities when circumstances warrant the use of these structures. We currently have eight joint ventures that are not consolidated with our financial statements. Our share of the aggregate revenue of these joint ventures represented approximately 2.5% of our total revenue (the sum of our total consolidated revenue and our share of such joint venture revenue) for the year ended December 31, 2007. Our participation in joint ventures is subject to the risks that:

 

   

we could become engaged in a dispute with any of our joint venture partners that might affect our ability to develop or operate a property;

 

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our joint venture partners may default on their obligations necessitating that we fulfill their obligation ourselves;

 

   

our joint venture partners may have different objectives than we have regarding the appropriate timing and terms of any sale or refinancing of properties; and

 

   

our joint venture partners may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflict of interest issues.

 

Our properties face significant competition.

 

We face significant competition from developers, owners and operators of office properties and other commercial real estate, including sublease space available from our tenants. Substantially all of our properties face competition from similar properties in the same market. This competition may affect our ability to attract and retain tenants and may reduce the rents we are able to charge. These competing properties may have vacancy rates higher than our properties, which may result in their owners being willing to lease available space at lower rates than the space in our properties.

 

We face potential difficulties or delays renewing leases or re-leasing space.

 

We derive most of our income from rent received from our tenants. If a tenant experiences a downturn in its business or other types of financial distress, it may be unable to make timely rental payments. Also, when our tenants decide not to renew their leases or terminate early, we may not be able to re-let the space. Even if tenants decide to renew or lease new space, the terms of renewals or new leases, including the cost of required renovations or concessions to tenants, may be less favorable to us than current lease terms. As a result, our cash flow could decrease and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders could be adversely affected.

 

We face potential adverse effects from major tenants’ bankruptcies or insolvencies.

 

The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant may adversely affect the income produced by our properties. Our tenants could file for bankruptcy protection or become insolvent in the future. We cannot evict a tenant solely because of its bankruptcy. On the other hand, a bankrupt tenant may reject and terminate its lease with us. In such case, our claim against the bankrupt tenant for unpaid and future rent would be subject to a statutory cap that might be substantially less than the remaining rent actually owed under the lease, and, even so, our claim for unpaid rent would likely not be paid in full. This shortfall could adversely affect our cash flow and results of operations.

 

We may have difficulty selling our properties, which may limit our flexibility.

 

Large and high-quality office and hotel properties like the ones that we own could be difficult to sell. This may limit our ability to change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, federal tax laws limit our ability to sell properties and this may affect our ability to sell properties without adversely affecting returns to our securityholders. These restrictions reduce our ability to respond to changes in the performance of our investments and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our ability to dispose of some of our properties is constrained by their tax attributes. Properties which we developed and have owned for a significant period of time or which we acquired through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for partnership interests in BPLP often have low tax bases. If we dispose of these properties outright in taxable transactions, we may be required to distribute a significant amount of the taxable gain to our securityholders under the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code for REITs, which in turn would impact our cash flow and increase our leverage. In some cases, without incurring additional costs we may be restricted from disposing of properties contributed in exchange for our partnership interests under tax

 

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protection agreements with contributors. To dispose of low basis or tax-protected properties efficiently we from time to time use like-kind exchanges, which qualify for non-recognition of taxable gain, but can be difficult to consummate and result in the property for which the disposed assets are exchanged inheriting their low tax bases and other tax attributes (including tax protection covenants).

 

Because we own a hotel property, we face the risks associated with the hospitality industry.

 

Because the lease payments we receive under our hotel lease is based on a participation in the gross receipts of the hotel, if the hotel does not generate sufficient receipts, our cash flow would be decreased, which could reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our securityholders. The following factors, among others, are common to the hotel industry, and may reduce the receipts generated by our hotel property:

 

   

our hotel property competes for guests with other hotels, a number of which have greater marketing and financial resources than our hotel-operating business partners;

 

   

if there is an increase in operating costs resulting from inflation and other factors, our hotel-operating business partners may not be able to offset such increase by increasing room rates;

 

   

our hotel property is subject to the fluctuating and seasonal demands of business travelers and tourism; and

 

   

our hotel property is subject to general and local economic and social conditions that may affect demand for travel in general, including war and terrorism.

 

In addition, because our hotel property is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is subject to the Cambridge market’s fluctuations in demand, increases in operating costs and increased competition from additions in supply.

 

We face risks associated with short-term liquid investments.

 

We continue to have significant cash balances that we invest in a variety of short-term investments that are intended to preserve principal value and maintain a high degree of liquidity while providing current income. From time to time, these investments may include (either directly or indirectly):

 

   

direct obligations issued by the U.S. Treasury;

 

   

obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies;

 

   

taxable municipal securities;

 

   

obligations (including certificates of deposit) of banks and thrifts;

 

   

commercial paper and other instruments consisting of short-term U.S. dollar denominated obligations issued by corporations and banks;

 

   

repurchase agreements collateralized by corporate and asset-backed obligations;

 

   

both registered and unregistered money market funds; and

 

   

other highly rated short-term securities.

 

Investments in these securities and funds are not insured against loss of principal. Under certain circumstances we may be required to redeem all or part of our investment, and our right to redeem some or all of our investment may be delayed or suspended. In addition, there is no guarantee that our investments in these securities or funds will be redeemable at par value. A decline in the value of our investment or a delay or suspension of our right to redeem may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

 

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Failure to qualify as a real estate investment trust would cause us to be taxed as a corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for payment of dividends.

 

If we fail to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes, we will be taxed as a corporation. We believe that we are organized and qualified as a REIT and intend to operate in a manner that will allow us to continue to qualify as a REIT. However, we cannot assure you that we are qualified as such, or that we will remain qualified as such in the future. This is because qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code as to which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations and involves the determination of facts and circumstances not entirely within our control. Future legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may significantly change the tax laws or the application of the tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or the federal income tax consequences of such qualification.

 

In addition, we currently hold certain of our properties, and the Value-Added Fund holds its properties, through a subsidiary that has elected to be taxed as a REIT and we may in the future determine that it is in our best interests to hold one or more of our other properties through one or more subsidiaries that elect to be taxed as REITs. If any of these subsidiaries fails to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, then we may also fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

 

If we fail to qualify as a REIT we will face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the funds available for payment of dividends for each of the years involved because:

 

   

we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates;

 

   

we also could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax and possibly increased state and local taxes;

 

   

unless we are entitled to relief under statutory provisions, we could not elect to be subject to tax as a REIT for four taxable years following the year during which we were disqualified; and

 

   

all dividends will be subject to tax as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits.

 

In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will no longer be required to pay dividends. As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and it would adversely affect the value of our common stock.

 

In order to maintain our REIT status, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions.

 

In order to maintain our REIT status, we may need to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the REIT distribution requirements, even if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings. To qualify as REIT, we generally must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our net taxable income each year, excluding capital gains. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which dividends paid by us in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. We may need short-term debt or long-term debt or proceeds from asset sales, creation of joint ventures or sales of common stock to fund required distributions as a result of differences in timing between the actual receipt of income and the recognition of income for federal income tax purposes, or the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. The inability of our cash flows to cover our distribution requirements could have an adverse impact on our ability to raise short—and long-term debt or sell equity securities in order to fund distributions required to maintain our REIT status.

 

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Congress has introduced legislation that, if enacted, could cause Boston Properties Limited Partnership to be taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the publicly traded partnership rules.

 

Legislation was recently introduced in Congress that would treat publicly traded partnerships as corporations for federal income tax purposes if the partnership directly or indirectly derives income from certain investment adviser or asset management services. Because certain of our Operating Partnership’s activities could constitute investment adviser or asset management services as defined for these purposes, unless transfers of ownership of interests in BPLP are limited in a manner that complies with certain regulatory safe harbors or another exception applies, it is possible that this legislation, if enacted, could cause BPLP to be taxable as a corporation. Classification of BPLP as a corporation would also cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. Under a transitional rule contained in one version of the proposed legislation BPLP would be exempt from the new rules until its taxable year beginning January 1, 2013. An alternative proposal, however, would shorten the transition period to make the new law applicable to existing publicly-traded partnerships beginning January 1, 2008, and it is possible that any legislation ultimately enacted could be effective immediately, or possibly even retroactively.

 

Congress is also considering legislative proposals to treat all or part of certain income allocated to a partner by a partnership in respect of certain services provided to or for the benefit of the partnership (“carried interest revenue”) as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. While the current legislative proposal provides that such income will nevertheless retain its original character for purposes of the REIT qualification tests, it is not clear what form any such final legislation would take. Furthermore, under the proposed legislation, carried interest revenue could be treated as non- qualifying income for purposes of the “qualifying income” exception to the publicly-traded partnership rules. If enacted, this could result in BPLP being taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes if the amount of any such carried interest revenue plus any other non-qualifying income earned by BPLP exceeds 10% of its gross income in any taxable year.

 

Limits on changes in control may discourage takeover attempts beneficial to stockholders.

 

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, our shareholder rights agreement and the limited partnership agreement of BPLP, as well as provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and Delaware corporate law, may:

 

   

delay or prevent a change of control over us or a tender offer, even if such action might be beneficial to our stockholders; and

 

   

limit our stockholders’ opportunity to receive a potential premium for their shares of common stock over then-prevailing market prices.

 

Stock Ownership Limit

 

To facilitate maintenance of our qualification as a REIT and to otherwise address concerns relating to concentration of capital stock ownership, our certificate of incorporation generally prohibits ownership, directly, indirectly or beneficially, by any single stockholder of more than 6.6% of the number of outstanding shares of any class or series of our common stock. We refer to this limitation as the “ownership limit.” Our board of directors may waive, in its sole discretion, or modify the ownership limit with respect to one or more persons if it is satisfied that ownership in excess of this limit will not jeopardize our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In addition, under our certificate of incorporation each of Mortimer B. Zuckerman and Edward H. Linde, along with their respective families and affiliates, as well as, in general, pension plans and mutual funds, may actually and beneficially own up to 15% of the number of outstanding shares of any class or series of our equity common stock. Shares owned in violation of the ownership limit will be subject to the loss of rights to distributions and voting and other penalties. The ownership limit may have the effect of inhibiting or impeding a change in control.

 

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BPLP’s Partnership Agreement

 

We have agreed in the limited partnership agreement of BPLP not to engage in specified extraordinary transactions, including, among others, business combinations, unless limited partners of BPLP other than Boston Properties, Inc. receive, or have the opportunity to receive, either (1) the same consideration for their partnership interests as holders of our common stock in the transaction or (2) limited partnership units that, among other things, would entitle the holders, upon redemption of these units, to receive shares of common equity of a publicly traded company or the same consideration as holders of our common stock received in the transaction. If these limited partners would not receive such consideration, we cannot engage in the transaction unless limited partners holding at least 75% of the common units of limited partnership interest, other than those held by Boston Properties, Inc. or its affiliates, consent to the transaction. In addition, we have agreed in the limited partnership agreement of BPLP that we will not complete specified extraordinary transactions, including among others, business combinations, in which we receive the approval of our common stockholders unless (1) limited partners holding at least 75% of the common units of limited partnership interest, other than those held by Boston Properties, Inc. or its affiliates, consent to the transaction or (2) the limited partners of BPLP are also allowed to vote and the transaction would have been approved had these limited partners been able to vote as common stockholders on the transaction. Therefore, if our common stockholders approve a specified extraordinary transaction, the partnership agreement requires the following before we can complete the transaction:

 

   

holders of partnership interests in BPLP, including Boston Properties, Inc., must vote on the matter;

 

   

Boston Properties, Inc. must vote its partnership interests in the same proportion as our stockholders voted on the transaction; and

 

   

the result of the vote of holders of partnership interests in BPLP must be such that had such vote been a vote of stockholders, the business combination would have been approved.

 

As a result of these provisions, a potential acquirer may be deterred from making an acquisition proposal, and we may be prohibited by contract from engaging in a proposed extraordinary transaction, including a proposed business combination, even though our stockholders approve of the transaction.

 

Shareholder Rights Plan

 

We have a shareholder rights plan. Under the terms of this plan, we can in effect prevent a person or group from acquiring more than 15% of the outstanding shares of our common stock because, unless we approve of the acquisition, after the person acquires more than 15% of our outstanding common stock, all other stockholders will have the right to purchase securities from us at a price that is less than their then fair market value. This would substantially reduce the value and influence of the stock owned by the acquiring person. Our board of directors can prevent the plan from operating by approving the transaction in advance, which gives us significant power to approve or disapprove of the efforts of a person or group to acquire a large interest in our company.

 

Changes in market conditions could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

 

As with other publicly traded equity securities, the value of our common stock depends on various market conditions that may change from time to time. Among the market conditions that may affect the value of our common stock are the following:

 

   

the extent of investor interest in our securities;

 

   

the general reputation of REITs and the attractiveness of our equity securities in comparison to other equity securities, including securities issued by other real estate-based companies;

 

   

our underlying asset value;

 

   

investor confidence in the stock and bond markets, generally;

 

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national economic conditions;

 

   

changes in tax laws;

 

   

our financial performance;

 

   

changes in our credit ratings; and

 

   

general stock and bond market conditions.

 

The market value of our common stock is based primarily upon the market’s perception of our growth potential and our current and potential future earnings and cash dividends. Consequently, our common stock may trade at prices that are greater or less than our net asset value per share of common stock. If our future earnings or cash dividends are less than expected, it is likely that the market price of our common stock will diminish.

 

Further issuances of equity securities may be dilutive to current securityholders.

 

The interests of our existing securityholders could be diluted if additional equity securities are issued to finance future developments, acquisitions, or repay indebtedness. Our ability to execute our business strategy depends on our access to an appropriate blend of debt financing, including unsecured lines of credit and other forms of secured and unsecured debt, and equity financing, including common and preferred equity.

 

The number of shares available for future sale could adversely affect the market price of our stock.

 

In connection with and subsequent to our initial public offering, we have completed many private placement transactions in which shares of capital stock of Boston Properties, Inc. or partnership interests in BPLP were issued to owners of properties we acquired or to institutional investors. This common stock, or common stock issuable in exchange for such partnership interests in BPLP, may be sold in the public securities markets over time under registration rights we granted to these investors. Additional common stock issuable under our employee benefit and other incentive plans, including as a result of the grant of stock options and restricted equity securities, may also be sold in the market at some time in the future. Future sales of our common stock in the market could adversely affect the price of our common stock. We cannot predict the effect the perception in the market that such sales may occur will have on the market price of our common stock.

 

We may change our policies without obtaining the approval of our stockholders.

 

Our operating and financial policies, including our policies with respect to acquisitions of real estate, growth, operations, indebtedness, capitalization and dividends, are exclusively determined by our Board of Directors. Accordingly, our securityholders do not control these policies.

 

Our success depends on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.

 

We depend on the efforts of key personnel, particularly Mortimer B. Zuckerman, Chairman of our Board of Directors, Edward H. Linde, our Chief Executive Officer, and Douglas T. Linde, our President. Among the reasons that Messrs. Zuckerman, E. Linde and D. Linde are important to our success is that each has a national reputation, which attracts business and investment opportunities and assists us in negotiations with lenders. If we lost their services, our relationships with lenders, potential tenants and industry personnel could diminish. Mr. Zuckerman has substantial outside business interests that could interfere with his ability to devote his full time to our business and affairs.

 

Our two Executive Vice Presidents and five Regional Managers also have strong reputations. Their reputations aid us in identifying opportunities, having opportunities brought to us, and negotiating with tenants and build-to-suit prospects. While we believe that we could find replacements for these key personnel, the loss of their services could materially and adversely affect our operations because of diminished relationships with lenders, prospective tenants and industry personnel.

 

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Conflicts of interest exist with holders of interests in BPLP.

 

Sales of properties and repayment of related indebtedness will have different effects on holders of interests in BPLP than on our stockholders.

 

Some holders of interests in BPLP, including Messrs. Zuckerman and E. Linde, would incur adverse tax consequences upon the sale of certain of our properties and on the repayment of related debt which differ from the tax consequences to us and our stockholders. Consequently, these holders of partnership interests in BPLP may have different objectives regarding the appropriate pricing and timing of any such sale or repayment of debt. While we have exclusive authority under the limited partnership agreement of BPLP to determine when to refinance or repay debt or whether, when, and on what terms to sell a property, subject, in the case of certain properties, to the contractual commitments described below, any such decision would require the approval of our Board of Directors. While the Board of Directors has a policy with respect to these matters, as directors and executive officers, Messrs. Zuckerman and E. Linde could exercise their influence in a manner inconsistent with the interests of some, or a majority, of our stockholders, including in a manner which could prevent completion of a sale of a property or the repayment of indebtedness.

 

Agreement not to sell some properties.

 

We have entered into agreements with respect to some properties that we have acquired in exchange for partnership interests in BPLP. Pursuant to those agreements, we have agreed not to sell or otherwise transfer some of our properties, prior to specified dates, in any transaction that would trigger taxable income and we are responsible for the reimbursement of certain tax-related costs to the prior owners if the subject properties are sold in a taxable sale. In general, our obligations to the prior owners are limited in time and only apply to actual damages suffered. As of December 31, 2007, there were a total of 24 wholly-owned properties subject to these restrictions, and those properties are estimated to have accounted for approximately 34% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

BPLP has also entered into agreements providing prior owners of properties with the right to guarantee specific amounts of indebtedness and, in the event that the specific indebtedness they guarantee is repaid or reduced, additional and/or substitute indebtedness. These agreements may hinder actions that we may otherwise desire to take to repay or refinance guaranteed indebtedness because we would be required to make payments to the beneficiaries of such agreements if we violate these agreements.

 

Messrs. Zuckerman and E. Linde will continue to engage in other activities.

 

Messrs. Zuckerman and E. Linde have a broad and varied range of investment interests. Either one could acquire an interest in a company which is not currently involved in real estate investment activities but which may acquire real property in the future. However, pursuant to each of their employment agreements, Messrs. Zuckerman and E. Linde will not, in general, have management control over such companies and, therefore, they may not be able to prevent one or more of such companies from engaging in activities that are in competition with our activities.

 

Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act or other safety regulations and requirements could result in substantial costs.

 

The Americans with Disabilities Act generally requires that public buildings, including office buildings and hotels, be made accessible to disabled persons. Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private litigants. If, under the Americans with Disabilities Act, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our properties, including the removal of access barriers, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, as well as the amount of cash available for distribution to our securityholders.

 

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Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that will affect our cash flow and results of operations.

 

Some potential losses are not covered by insurance.

 

We carry insurance coverage on our properties of types and in amounts and with deductibles that we believe are in line with coverage customarily obtained by owners of similar properties. In response to the uncertainty in the insurance market following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Federal Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (as amended, “TRIA”) was enacted in November 2002 to require regulated insurers to make available coverage for certified acts of terrorism (as defined by the statute). The expiration date of TRIA was extended to December 31, 2014 by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 (“TRIPRA”). Prior to TRIPRA, only acts of foreign terrorism could be “certified” for coverage under TRIA. Under TRIPRA, acts of both foreign and domestic terrorism can be “certified” for coverage under TRIA. Currently, the Company’s property insurance program per occurrence limits are $900 million, including coverage for foreign acts of terrorism “certified” under TRIA and coverage for domestic acts of terrorism up to $500 million per occurrence, and an additional $400 million of coverage for domestic acts of terrorism on a per occurrence and annual aggregate basis. Currently, we also carry nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological terrorism insurance coverage (“NBCR Coverage”) for foreign acts of terrorism “certified” under TRIA, which is provided by IXP, LLC as a direct insurer, excluding our Value-Added Fund properties. The per occurrence limit for NBCR Coverage is $900 million. Under TRIA, after the payment of the required deductible and coinsurance, the NBCR Coverage is backstopped by the Federal Government if the aggregate industry insured losses resulting from a certified act of terrorism exceed a “program trigger.” The program trigger is $100 million and the coinsurance is 10%. Under TRIPRA, if the Federal Government pays out for a loss under TRIA, it is mandatory that the Federal Government recoup the full amount of the loss from insurers offering TRIA coverage after the payment of the loss pursuant to a formula in TRIPRA. We may elect to terminate the NBCR Coverage if the Federal Government seeks recoupment for losses paid under TRIA, if there is a change in our portfolio or for any other reason. We intend to continue to monitor the scope, nature and cost of available terrorism insurance and maintain insurance in amounts and on terms that are commercially reasonable.

 

We also currently carry earthquake insurance on our properties located in areas known to be subject to earthquakes in an amount and subject to self-insurance that we believe are commercially reasonable. In addition, this insurance is subject to a deductible in the amount of 5% of the value of the affected property. Specifically, we currently carry earthquake insurance which covers our San Francisco region with a $120 million per occurrence limit and a $120 million annual aggregate limit, $20 million of which is provided by IXP, LLC, as a direct insurer. The amount of our earthquake insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover losses from earthquakes. In addition, the amount of earthquake coverage could impact our ability to finance properties subject to earthquake risk. We may discontinue earthquake insurance on some or all of our properties in the future if the premiums exceed our estimation of the value of the coverage.

 

In January 2002, we formed a wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiary, IXP, Inc., to act as a captive insurance company and be one of the elements of our overall insurance program. On September 27, 2006, IXP, Inc. was merged into IXP, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, and all insurance policies issued by IXP, Inc. were cancelled and reissued by IXP, LLC. The term “IXP” refers to IXP, Inc. for the period prior to September 27, 2006 and to IXP, LLC for the period on and subsequent to September 27, 2006. IXP acts as a direct insurer with respect to a portion of our earthquake insurance coverage for our Greater San Francisco properties and our NBCR Coverage for foreign acts of terrorism “certified” under TRIA. Insofar as we own IXP, we are responsible for its liquidity and capital resources, and the accounts of IXP are part of our consolidated financial statements. In particular, if a loss occurs which is covered by our NBCR Coverage but is less than the applicable program trigger under TRIA, IXP would be responsible for the full amount of the loss without any backstop by the

 

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Federal Government. IXP would also be responsible for any recoupment charges by the Federal Government in the event losses are paid out under TRIA and if IXP maintains the NBCR policy after the payout by the Federal Government. If we experience a loss and IXP is required to pay under its insurance policy, we would ultimately record the loss to the extent of IXP’s required payment. Therefore, insurance coverage provided by IXP should not be considered as the equivalent of third-party insurance, but rather as a modified form of self-insurance.

 

We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market in general, and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism in particular, but we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in future policy years. There are other types of losses, such as from wars or the presence of mold at our properties, for which we cannot obtain insurance at all or at a reasonable cost. With respect to such losses and losses from acts of terrorism, earthquakes or other catastrophic events, if we experience a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy limits, we could lose the capital invested in the damaged properties, as well as the anticipated future revenues from those properties. Depending on the specific circumstances of each affected property, it is possible that we could be liable for mortgage indebtedness or other obligations related to the property. Any such loss could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition and results of operations.

 

Actual or threatened terrorist attacks may adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and the value of our properties.

 

We have significant investments in large metropolitan markets that have been or may be in the future the targets of actual or threatened terrorism attacks, including midtown Manhattan, Washington, D.C., Boston and San Francisco. As a result, some tenants in these markets may choose to relocate their businesses to other markets or to lower-profile office buildings within these markets that may be perceived to be less likely targets of future terrorist activity. This could result in an overall decrease in the demand for office space in these markets generally or in our properties in particular, which could increase vacancies in our properties or necessitate that we lease our properties on less favorable terms or both. In addition, future terrorist attacks in these markets could directly or indirectly damage our properties, both physically and financially, or cause losses that materially exceed our insurance coverage. As a result of the foregoing, our ability to generate revenues and the value of our properties could decline materially. See also “—Some potential losses are not covered by insurance.

 

We face risks associated with our tenants being designated “Prohibited Persons” by the Office of Foreign Assets Control.

 

Pursuant to Executive Order 13224 and other laws, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”) maintains a list of persons designated as terrorists or who are otherwise blocked or banned (“Prohibited Persons”). OFAC regulations and other laws prohibit conducting business or engaging in transactions with Prohibited Persons (the “OFAC Requirements”). Certain of our loan and other agreements require us to comply with OFAC Requirements. We have established a compliance program whereby tenants and others with whom we conduct business are checked against the OFAC list of Prohibited Persons prior to entering into any agreement and on a periodic basis thereafter. Our leases and other agreements require the other party to comply with OFAC Requirements. If a tenant or other party with whom we contract is placed on the OFAC list we may be required by the OFAC Requirements to terminate the lease or other agreement. Any such termination could result in a loss of revenue or a damage claim by the other party that the termination was wrongful.

 

Potential liability for environmental contamination could result in substantial costs.

 

Under federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, we may be required to investigate and clean up the effects of releases of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products at our properties simply because of our current or past ownership or operation of the real estate. If unidentified environmental problems arise, we may have to make substantial payments, which could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to our securityholders, because:

 

   

as owner or operator we may have to pay for property damage and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred in connection with the contamination;

 

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the law typically imposes clean-up responsibility and liability regardless of whether the owner or operator knew of or caused the contamination;

 

   

even if more than one person may be responsible for the contamination, each person who shares legal liability under the environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs; and

 

   

governmental entities and third parties may sue the owner or operator of a contaminated site for damages and costs.

 

These costs could be substantial and in extreme cases could exceed the amount of our insurance or the value of the contaminated property. We currently carry environmental insurance in an amount and subject to deductibles that we believe are commercially reasonable. Specifically, we carry a pollution legal liability policy with a $10 million limit per incident and a policy aggregate limit of $25 million. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products or the failure to properly remediate contamination may materially and adversely affect our ability to borrow against, sell or rent an affected property. In addition, applicable environmental laws create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs in connection with a contamination. Changes in laws increasing the potential liability for environmental conditions existing at our properties, or increasing the restrictions on the handling, storage or discharge of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products or other actions may result in significant unanticipated expenditures.

 

Environmental laws also govern the presence, maintenance and removal of asbestos. Such laws require that owners or operators of buildings containing asbestos:

 

   

properly manage and maintain the asbestos;

 

   

notify and train those who may come into contact with asbestos; and

 

   

undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, if asbestos would be disturbed during renovation or demolition of a building.

 

Such laws may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators who fail to comply with these requirements and may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos fibers.

 

Some of our properties are located in urban and previously developed areas where fill or current or historic industrial uses of the areas have caused site contamination. It is our policy to retain independent environmental consultants to conduct Phase I environmental site assessments and asbestos surveys with respect to our acquisition of properties. These assessments generally include a visual inspection of the properties and the surrounding areas, an examination of current and historical uses of the properties and the surrounding areas and a review of relevant state, federal and historical documents, but do not involve invasive techniques such as soil and ground water sampling. Where appropriate, on a property-by-property basis, our practice is to have these consultants conduct additional testing, including sampling for asbestos, for lead in drinking water, for soil contamination where underground storage tanks are or were located or where other past site usage creates a potential environmental problem, and for contamination in groundwater. Even though these environmental assessments are conducted, there is still the risk that:

 

   

the environmental assessments and updates did not identify all potential environmental liabilities;

 

   

a prior owner created a material environmental condition that is not known to us or the independent consultants preparing the assessments;

 

   

new environmental liabilities have developed since the environmental assessments were conducted; and

 

   

future uses or conditions such as changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations could result in environmental liability for us.

 

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Inquiries about indoor air quality may necessitate special investigation and, depending on the results, remediation beyond our regular indoor air quality testing and maintenance programs. Indoor air quality issues can stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contaminants from indoor or outdoor sources, and biological contaminants such as molds, pollen, viruses and bacteria. Indoor exposure to chemical or biological contaminants above certain levels can be alleged to be connected to allergic reactions or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. If these conditions were to occur at one of our properties, we may need to undertake a targeted remediation program, including without limitation, steps to increase indoor ventilation rates and eliminate sources of contaminants. Such remediation programs could be costly, necessitate the temporary relocation of some or all of the property’s tenants or require rehabilitation of the affected property.

 

We did not obtain new owner’s title insurance policies in connection with properties acquired during our initial public offering.

 

We acquired many of our properties from our predecessors at the completion of our initial public offering in June 1997. Before we acquired these properties, each of them was insured by a title insurance policy. We did not obtain new owner’s title insurance policies in connection with the acquisition of these properties. However, to the extent we have financed properties after acquiring them in connection with the IPO, we have obtained new title insurance policies, however, the amount of these policies may be less than the current or future value of the applicable properties. Nevertheless, because in many instances we acquired these properties indirectly by acquiring ownership of the entity that owned the property and those owners remain in existence as our subsidiaries, some of these title insurance policies may continue to benefit us. Many of these title insurance policies may be for amounts less than the current or future values of the applicable properties. If there was a title defect related to any of these properties, or to any of the properties acquired at the time of our initial public offering, that is no longer covered by a title insurance policy, we could lose both our capital invested in and our anticipated profits from such property. We have obtained title insurance policies for all properties that we have acquired after our initial public offering, however, these policies may be for amounts less than the current or future values of the applicable properties.

 

Because of the ownership structure of our hotel property, we face potential adverse effects from changes to the applicable tax laws.

 

We own one hotel property. However, under the Internal Revenue Code, REITs like us are not allowed to operate hotels directly or indirectly. Accordingly, we lease our hotel property to one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries. As lessor, we are entitled to a percentage of the gross receipts from the operation of the hotel property. Marriott International, Inc. manages the hotel under the Marriott name pursuant to a management contract with the taxable REIT subsidiary as lessee. While the taxable REIT subsidiary structure allows the economic benefits of ownership to flow to us, the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to tax on its income from the operations of the hotel at the federal and state level. In addition, the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to detailed tax regulations that affect how it may be capitalized and operated. If the tax laws applicable to taxable REIT subsidiaries are modified, we may be forced to modify the structure for owning our hotel property, and such changes may adversely affect the cash flows from our hotel. In addition, the Internal Revenue Service, the United States Treasury Department and Congress frequently review federal income tax legislation, and we cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be adopted. Any of such actions may prospectively or retroactively modify the tax treatment of the taxable REIT subsidiary and, therefore, may adversely affect our after-tax returns from our hotel property.

 

We face possible adverse changes in tax laws.

 

From time to time changes in state and local tax laws or regulations are enacted, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. A shortfall in tax revenues for states and municipalities in which we operate may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income. These increased tax costs could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the amount of cash available for the payment of dividends.

 

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We face possible state and local tax audits.

 

Because we are organized and qualify as a REIT, we are generally not subject to federal income taxes, but are subject to certain state and local taxes. In the normal course of business, certain entities through which we own real estate either have undergone, or are currently undergoing, tax audits. Although we believe that we have substantial arguments in favor of our positions in the ongoing audits, in some instances there is no controlling precedent or interpretive guidance on the specific point at issue. Collectively, tax deficiency notices received to date from the jurisdictions conducting the ongoing audits have not been material. However, there can be no assurance that future audits will not occur with increased frequency or that the ultimate result of such audits will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

 

None.

 

Item 2. Properties

 

At December 31, 2007, our portfolio consisted of 139 properties totaling 43.8 million net rentable square feet. Our properties consisted of (1) 135 office properties, comprised of 102 Class A office buildings, including 13 properties under construction, and 20 properties that support both office and technical uses, (2) three retail properties and (3) one hotel. In addition, we own or control 605.2 acres of land for future development. The table set forth below shows information relating to the properties we owned, or in which we had an ownership interest, at December 31, 2007. On January 7, 2008, we transferred the Mountain View properties to the Value-Added Fund. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the financial results of these properties are included in our consolidated financial results, but not included in any of our portfolio information tables or any other portfolio level statistics. Information relating to properties owned by the Value-Added Fund is not included in our portfolio information tables or any other portfolio level statistics because the Value-Added Fund invests in assets within our existing markets that have deficiencies in property characteristics which provide an opportunity to create value through repositioning, refurbishment or renovation. We therefore believe including such information in our portfolio tables and statistics would render the portfolio information less useful to investors. Information relating to the Value-Added Fund is set forth below separately.

 

Properties

   Location    %
Leased
    Number
of
Buildings
   Net
Rentable
Square
Feet

Class A Office

          

399 Park Avenue

   New York, NY    100.0 %   1    1,697,662

Citigroup Center

   New York, NY    99.9 %   1    1,561,486

Times Square Tower

   New York, NY    100.0 %   1    1,238,787

800 Boylston Street—The Prudential Center

   Boston, MA    97.9 %   1    1,190,403

599 Lexington Avenue

   New York, NY    97.6 %   1    1,028,137

Embarcadero Center Four

   San Francisco, CA    93.5 %   1    936,477

111 Huntington Avenue—The Prudential Center

   Boston, MA    99.0 %   1    859,053

Embarcadero Center One

   San Francisco, CA    87.1 %   1    826,901

Embarcadero Center Two

   San Francisco, CA    82.0 %   1    778,737

Embarcadero Center Three

   San Francisco, CA    93.2 %   1    768,124

Capital Gallery

   Washington, DC    94.1 %   1    617,662

Metropolitan Square (51% ownership)

   Washington, DC    100.0 %   1    586,887

3200 Zanker Road

   San Jose, CA    100.0 %   4    543,900

901 New York Avenue (25% ownership)

   Washington, DC    99.4 %   1    539,229

Reservoir Place

   Waltham, MA    87.6 %   1    527,001

601 and 651 Gateway

   San Francisco, CA    99.0 %   2    506,028

 

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Properties

   Location    %
Leased
    Number
of
Buildings
   Net
Rentable
Square
Feet

101 Huntington Avenue—The Prudential Center

   Boston, MA    100.0 %   1    505,939

Two Freedom Square

   Reston, VA    100.0 %   1    421,676

One Freedom Square

   Reston, VA    100.0 %   1    414,207

One Tower Center

   East Brunswick, NJ    45.4 %   1    412,706

Market Square North (50% ownership)

   Washington, DC    100.0 %   1    401,279

140 Kendrick Street

   Needham, MA    100.0 %   3    380,987

One and Two Discovery Square

   Reston, VA    100.0 %   2    366,990

1333 New Hampshire Avenue

   Washington, DC    100.0 %   1    315,371

One Reston Overlook

   Reston, VA    100.0 %   1    312,685

Waltham Weston Corporate Center

   Waltham, MA    98.1 %   1    306,789

230 CityPoint (formerly Prospect Place)

   Waltham, MA    81.4 %   1    297,695

12310 Sunrise Valley

   Reston, VA    100.0 %   1    263,870

Reston Corporate Center

   Reston, VA    100.0 %   2    261,046

Quorum Office Park

   Chelmsford, MA    100.0 %   2    259,918

New Dominion Technology Park—Building Two

   Herndon, VA    100.0 %   1    257,400

611 Gateway

   San Francisco, CA    100.0 %   1    256,302

12300 Sunrise Valley

   Reston, VA    100.0 %   1    255,244

1330 Connecticut Avenue

   Washington, DC    100.0 %   1    252,136

500 E Street, S. W.

   Washington, DC    100.0 %   1    248,336

200 West Street

   Waltham, MA    100.0 %   1    248,311

Five Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA    99.3 %   1    240,480

New Dominion Technology Park—Building One

   Herndon, VA    100.0 %   1    235,201

510 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    100.0 %   1    234,160

One Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA    98.4 %   1    215,385

Sumner Square

   Washington, DC    99.8 %   1    208,665

Four Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA    94.6 %   1    198,295

University Place

   Cambridge, MA    100.0 %   1    195,282

North First Business Park(1)

   San Jose, CA    66.3 %   5    190,636

1301 New York Avenue

   Washington, DC    100.0 %   1    188,358

12290 Sunrise Valley

   Reston, VA    100.0 %   1    182,424

2600 Tower Oaks Boulevard

   Rockville, MD    100.0 %   1    178,887

Eight Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA    100.0 %   1    177,226

Lexington Office Park

   Lexington, MA    99.5 %   2    166,689

210 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    89.4 %   1    161,776

206 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    100.0 %   1    161,763

191 Spring Street

   Lexington, MA    100.0 %   1    158,900

303 Almaden

   San Jose, CA    93.3 %   1    157,537

Kingstowne Two

   Alexandria, VA    98.2 %   1    156,251

10 & 20 Burlington Mall Road

   Burlington, MA    92.9 %   2    153,280

Ten Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA    100.0 %   1    152,664

Kingstowne One

   Alexandria, VA    100.0 %   1    150,838

214 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    78.0 %   1    150,774

212 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    97.3 %   1    149,398

506 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    100.0 %   1    136,213

Two Reston Overlook

   Reston, VA    100.0 %   1    134,615

508 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    81.5 %   1    132,653

202 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    83.2 %   1    130,582

Waltham Office Center(1)

   Waltham, MA    73.8 %   3    129,041

 

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Table of Contents

Properties

   Location    %
Leased
    Number
of
Buildings
   Net
Rentable
Square
Feet

101 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    100.0 %   1    123,659

Montvale Center

   Gaithersburg, MD    81.8 %   1    122,866

504 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    100.0 %   1    121,990

91 Hartwell Avenue

   Lexington, MA    100.0 %   1    121,425

40 Shattuck Road

   Andover, MA    95.6 %   1    120,000

502 Carnegie Center

   Princeton NJ    94.7 %   1    116,855

Three Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA    100.0 %   1    108,152

201 Spring Street

   Lexington, MA    100.0 %   1    106,300

104 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    91.0 %   1    102,827

Bedford Business Park

   Bedford, MA    28.9 %   1    92,207

33 Hayden Avenue

   Lexington, MA    100.0 %   1    80,128

Eleven Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA    100.0 %   1    79,616

Reservoir Place North

   Waltham, MA    100.0 %   1    73,258

105 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    46.9 %   1    70,029

32 Hartwell Avenue

   Lexington, MA    100.0 %   1    69,154

302 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    85.4 %   1    64,726

195 West Street

   Waltham, MA    100.0 %   1    63,500

100 Hayden Avenue

   Lexington, MA    0.0 %   1    55,924

181 Spring Street

   Lexington, MA    100.0 %   1    55,793

211 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    100.0 %   1    47,025

92 Hayden Avenue

   Lexington, MA    100.0 %   1    31,100

201 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    100.0 %   —      6,500
                  

Subtotal for Class A Office Properties

      95.4 %   102    27,306,368
                  

Retail

          

Shops at The Prudential Center

   Boston, MA    97.5 %   1    502,430

Kingstowne Retail

   Alexandria, VA    94.3 %   1    88,288

Shaws Supermarket at The Prudential Center

   Boston, MA    100.0 %   1    57,235
                  

Subtotal for Retail Properties

      97.3 %   3    647,953
                  

Office/Technical Properties

          

Bedford Business Park

   Bedford, MA    62.7 %   2    379,057

Seven Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA    100.0 %   1    231,028

7601 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    103,750

7435 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    103,557

8000 Grainger Court

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    88,775

7500 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    79,971

7501 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    75,756

6605 Springfield Center Drive(1)

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    71,000

Fourteen Cambridge Center

   Cambridge, MA    100.0 %   1    67,362

164 Lexington Road

   Billerica, MA    0.0 %   1    64,140

103 Fourth Avenue(1)

   Waltham, MA    58.5 %   1    62,476

7450 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    62,402

7374 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    57,321

8000 Corporate Court

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    52,539

7451 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    47,001

7300 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    32,000

17 Hartwell Avenue

   Lexington, MA    100.0 %   1    30,000

7375 Boston Boulevard

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    26,865

6601 Springfield Center Drive(1)

   Springfield, VA    100.0 %   1    26,388
                  

Subtotal for Office/Technical Properties

      86.1 %   20    1,661,388
                  

 

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Table of Contents

Properties

   Location    %
Leased
    Number
of
Buildings
   Net
Rentable
Square
Feet

Hotel Property

          

Cambridge Center Marriott

   Cambridge, MA    80.0 %(2)   1    330,400
                  

Subtotal for Hotel Property

      80.0 %   1    330,400
                  

Structured Parking

      n/a     —      9,931,853
                  

Subtotal for In-Service Properties

      94.9 %   126    39,877,962
                  

Properties Under Construction

          

250 West 55th

   New York, NY    22 %(3)   1    1,000,000

Russia Wharf

   Boston, MA    0 %(3)   2    815,000

South of Market (Phase I)

   Reston, VA    72 %(3)   3    652,000

505 9th Street (50% ownership)(4)

   Washington, D.C.    100 %(3)   1    323,000

Wisconsin Place (66.67% ownership)

   Chevy Chase, MD    55 %(3)   1    290,000

South of Market (Phase II)

   Reston, VA    77 %(3)   1    225,000

77 CityPoint (formerly 77 Fourth Avenue)

   Waltham, MA    100 %(3)   1    210,000

One Preserve Parkway

   Rockville, MD    20 %(3)   1    183,000

701 Carnegie Center

   Princeton, NJ    100 %(3)   1    120,000

Annapolis Junction (50% ownership)

   Annapolis, MD    0 %(3)   1    117,600
                  

Subtotal for Properties Under Construction

      43.5 %   13    3,935,600
                  

Total Portfolio

        139    43,813,562
          

Properties Held for Sale at December 31, 2007

          

Mountain View Research Park

   Mountain View, CA    66.4 %   16    600,989

Mountain View Technology Park

   Mountain View, CA    100.0 %   7    135,279
                  

Total Properties Held for Sale

      72.6 %   23    736,268

 

(1) Property held for redevelopment as of December 31, 2007.
(2) Represents the weighted-average room occupancy for the year ended December 31, 2007. Note that this amount is not included in the calculation of the Total Portfolio occupancy rate for In-Service Properties as of December 31, 2007.
(3) Represents percentage leased as of February 22, 2008.
(4) Property was partially placed in-service on October 1, 2007.

 

On January 7, 2008, we transferred the Mountain View properties to the Value-Added Fund. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the financial results of these properties are included in our consolidated financial results, but not included in any of our portfolio information tables or any other portfolio level statistics. The following table shows information relating to properties owned through the Value-Added Fund at December 31, 2007:

 

Property

   Location    % Leased     Number
of
Buildings
   Net
Rentable
Square
Feet

One and Two Circle Star Way

   San Carlos, CA    87.8 %   2    205,994

300 Billerica Road

   Chelmsford, MA    100.0 %   1    110,882
                  

Total Value-Added Fund

      92.1 %   3    316,876
                  

 

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Top 20 Tenants by Square Feet

 

     

Tenant

   Square
Feet
    % of
In-Service
Portfolio
 

1

   US Government    1,657,173 (1)   5.60 %

2

   Lockheed Martin    1,292,429     4.37 %

3

   Citibank NA    1,061,701     3.59 %

4

   Genentech    553,799     1.87 %

5

   Gillette    484,051     1.63 %

6

   Kirkland & Ellis    473,161 (2)   1.60 %

7

   Shearman & Sterling    472,808     1.60 %

8

   Lehman Brothers    436,723     1.48 %

9

   Parametric Technology    380,987     1.29 %

10

   Accenture    378,867     1.28 %

11

   Finnegan Henderson Farabow    349,146 (3)   1.18 %

12

   Ann Taylor    338,942     1.14 %

13

   Washington Group International    332,815     1.12 %

14

   O'Melveny & Myers    332,467     1.12 %

15

   Northrop Grumman    327,677     1.11 %

16

   Biogen Idec    317,904     1.07 %

17

   MIT    301,591     1.02 %

18

   Bingham McCutchen    291,415     0.98 %

19

   Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld    290,132     0.98 %

20

   Bain Capital    270,789     0.91 %
   Total % of Portfolio Square Feet      34.94 %

 

(1) Includes 96,666 square feet of space in properties in which Boston Properties has a 51% and 50% interest.
(2) Includes 218,134 square feet of space in a property in which Boston Properties has a 51% interest.
(3) Includes 251,941 square feet of space in a property in which Boston Properties has a 25% interest.

 

Lease Expirations

 

Year of Lease

Expiration

   Rentable
Square Feet
Subject to
Expiring
Leases
   Current
Annualized(1)
Contractual
Rent Under
Expiring Leases
   Current
Annualized(1)
Contractual
Rent Under
Expiring Leases
p.s.f.
   Current
Annualized
Contractual
Rent Under
Expiring Leases
With Future
Step-ups(2)
   Current
Annualized
Contractual Rent
Under Expiring
Leases With
Future
Step-ups p.s.f.(2)
   Percentage of
Total Square
Feet
 

2008

   1,638,891    $ 63,033,630    $ 38.46    $ 63,426,621    $ 38.70    5.5 %

2009

   2,285,825      88,660,432      38.79      90,125,697      39.43    7.7 %

2010

   2,734,234      96,552,833      35.31      99,972,476      36.56    9.2 %

2011

   2,914,090      129,659,642      44.49      134,292,687      46.08    9.8 %

2012

   2,690,195      115,094,794      42.78      120,240,023      44.70    9.1 %

2013

   822,886      35,587,722      43.25      41,800,104      50.80    2.8 %

2014

   2,437,871      86,627,809      35.53      94,457,041      38.75    8.2 %

2015

   1,451,979      61,968,912      42.68      69,894,854      48.20    4.9 %

2016

   2,657,592      155,150,207      58.38      168,301,232      63.33    9.0 %

2017

   2,634,128      162,474,678      61.68      176,819,646      67.13    8.9 %

Thereafter

   5,591,320      275,974,392      49.36      338,048,611      60.46    18.9 %

 

(1) Represents the monthly contractual base rent and recoveries from tenants under existing leases as of December 31, 2007 multiplied by twelve. This amount reflects total rent before any rent abatements and includes expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date.
(2) Represents the monthly contractual base rent under expiring leases with future contractual increases upon expiration and recoveries from tenants under existing leases as of December 31, 2007 multiplied by twelve. This amount reflects total rent before any rent abatements and includes expense reimbursements, which may be estimates as of such date.

 

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Item 3. Legal Proceedings

 

We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. These matters are generally covered by insurance. Management believes that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

 

No matters were submitted to a vote of our stockholders during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

PART II

 

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

(a) Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BXP.” The high and low sales prices and distributions for the periods indicated in the table below were:

 

Quarter Ended

   High    Low    Distributions  

December 31, 2007

   $ 113.60    $ 87.78    $ 6.66 (1)

September 30, 2007

     108.25      91.25      .68  

June 30, 2007

     119.95      98.55      .68  

March 31, 2007

     133.02      109.07      .68  

December 31, 2006

     118.22      102.78      6.08 (2)

September 30, 2006

     105.94      90.09      .68  

June 30, 2006

     93.15      81.89      .68  

March 31, 2006

     97.18      72.98      .68  

 

(1) Paid on January 30, 2008 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 31, 2007. Amount includes a $5.98 per common share special dividend.
(2) Paid on January 30, 2007 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 29, 2006. Amount includes a $5.40 per common share special dividend.

 

At February 22, 2008, we had approximately 1,536 stockholders of record. This does not include beneficial owners for whom Cede & Co. or others act as nominee.

 

In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must make annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our taxable income (not including net capital gains). We have adopted a policy of paying regular quarterly distributions on our common stock, and we have adopted a policy of paying regular quarterly distributions on the common units of BPLP. Cash distributions have been paid on our common stock and BPLP’s common units since our initial public offering. Distributions are declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors and depend on actual and anticipated cash from operations, our financial condition, capital requirements, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and other factors the Board of Directors may consider relevant.

 

During the three months ended December 31, 2007, we issued an aggregate of 14,633 common shares in exchange for 14,633 common units of limited partnership held by certain limited partners of BPLP. These shares were issued in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2). We relied on the exemption under Section 4(2) based upon factual representations received from the limited partners who received the common shares.

 

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Stock Performance Graph

 

The following graph provides a comparison of cumulative total stockholder return for the period from December 31, 2002 through December 31, 2007, among Boston Properties, the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 Index, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. (“NAREIT”) Equity REIT Total Return Index (the “Equity REIT Index”) and the NAREIT Office REIT Index (the “Office REIT Index”). The Equity REIT Index includes all tax-qualified equity REITs listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ Stock Market. Equity REITs are defined as those with 75% or more of their gross invested book value of assets invested directly or indirectly in the equity ownership of real estate. The Office REIT Index includes all office REITs included in the Equity REIT Index. Data for Boston Properties, the S&P 500 Index, the Equity REIT Index and the Office REIT Index was provided to us by NAREIT. Upon written request, Boston Properties will provide any stockholder with a list of the REITs included in the Equity REIT Index and the Office REIT Index. The stock performance graph assumes an investment of $100 in each of Boston Properties and the three indices, and the reinvestment of any dividends. The historical information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of future performance. The data shown is based on the share prices or index values, as applicable, at the end of each month shown.

 

LOGO

 

     Dec. ‘02    Dec. ‘03    Dec. ‘04    Dec. ‘05    Dec. ‘06    Dec. ‘07

Boston Properties

   $ 100.00    $ 138.50    $ 194.76    $ 240.69    $ 391.74    $ 351.15

S&P 500

   $ 100.00    $ 128.70    $ 142.69    $ 149.69    $ 173.34    $ 182.86

Equity REIT Index

   $ 100.00    $ 137.13    $ 180.43    $ 202.38    $ 273.34    $ 230.45

Office REIT Index

   $ 100.00    $ 134.01    $ 165.21    $ 186.87    $ 271.37    $ 219.92

 

(b) None.

 

(c) None.

 

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

 

The following table sets forth our selected financial and operating data on a historical basis, which has been revised for the reclassification of (1) losses from early extinguishments of debt in accordance with SFAS No. 145, (2) the restatement of earnings per share to include the effects of participating securities in accordance with EITF 03-6 and (3) the disposition of qualifying properties during 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004 and 2003 which have been reclassified as discontinued operations, for the periods presented, in accordance with SFAS No. 144. Refer to Note 19 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. The following data should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

 

Our historical operating results may not be comparable to our future operating results.

 

    For the year ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005     2004     2003  
    (in thousands, except per share data)  

Statement of Operations Information:

         

Total revenue

  $ 1,482,289     $ 1,417,627     $ 1,382,866     $ 1,334,225     $ 1,234,563  
                                       

Expenses:

         

Rental operating

    455,840       437,705       434,353       412,604       390,355  

Hotel operating

    27,765       24,966       22,776       21,709       20,206  

General and administrative

    69,882       59,375       55,471       53,636       45,359  

Interest

    285,887       298,260       308,091       306,170       299,409  

Depreciation and amortization

    286,030       270,562       260,979       244,589       201,690  

Net derivative losses

    —         —         —         —         1,038  

Losses from early extinguishments of debt

    3,417       32,143       12,896       6,258       1,474  
                                       

Income before income from unconsolidated joint ventures and minority interests

    353,468       294,616       288,300       289,259       275,032  

Income from unconsolidated joint ventures

    20,428       24,507       4,829       3,380       6,016  

Minority interests

    (65,000 )     (67,986 )     (65,481 )     (60,401 )     (68,491 )
                                       

Income before gains on sales of real estate

    308,896       251,137       227,648       232,238       212,557  

Gains on sales of real estate and other assets, net of minority interest

    789,238       606,394       151,884       8,149       57,574  
                                       

Income before discontinued operations

    1,098,134       857,531       379,532       240,387       270,131  

Discontinued operations, net of minority interest

    226,556       16,104       62,983       43,630       95,191  
                                       

Income before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

    1,324,690       873,635       442,515       284,017       365,322  

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of minority interest

    —         —         (4,223 )     —         —    
                                       

Net income available to common shareholders

  $ 1,324,690     $ 873,635     $ 438,292     $ 284,017     $ 365,322  
                                       

Basic earnings per share:

         

Income before discontinued operations and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

  $ 9.20     $ 7.48     $ 3.41     $ 2.26     $ 2.73  

Discontinued operations, net of minority interest

    1.91       0.14       0.57       0.41       0.98  

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of minority interest

    —         —         (0.04 )     —         —    
                                       

Net income available to common shareholders

  $ 11.11     $ 7.62     $ 3.94     $ 2.67     $ 3.71  
                                       

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding

    118,839       114,721       111,274       106,458       96,900  
                                       

Diluted earnings per share:

         

Income before discontinued operations and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

  $ 9.06     $ 7.32     $ 3.35     $ 2.21     $ 2.68  

Discontinued operations, net of minority interest

    1.88       0.14       0.55       0.40       0.97  

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of minority interest

    —         —         (0.04 )     —         —    
                                       

Net income available to common shareholders

  $ 10.94     $ 7.46     $ 3.86     $ 2.61     $ 3.65  
                                       

Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding

    120,780       117,077       113,559       108,762       98,486  
                                       

 

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    December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005     2004     2003  
    (in thousands)  

Balance Sheet information:

         

Real estate, gross

  $ 10,249,895     $ 9,552,458     $ 9,151,175     $ 9,291,227     $ 8,983,260  

Real estate, net

    8,718,188       8,160,403       7,886,102       8,147,858       7,981,825  

Cash and cash equivalents

    1,506,921       725,788       261,496       239,344       22,686  

Total assets

    11,192,637       9,695,022       8,902,368       9,063,228       8,551,100  

Total indebtedness

    5,492,166       4,600,937       4,826,254       5,011,814       5,004,720  

Minority interests

    653,892       623,508       739,268       786,328       830,133  

Stockholders’ equity

    3,668,825       3,223,226       2,917,346       2,936,073       2,400,163  
    For the year ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005     2004     2003  
    (in thousands, except per share data)  

Other Information:

         

Funds from Operations available to common shareholders(1)

  $ 560,234     $ 501,125     $ 479,726     $ 459,497     $ 410,012  

Funds from Operations available to common shareholders, as adjusted(1)

    562,516       527,665       488,972       459,497       412,073  

Dividends declared per share

    8.70       8.12       5.19       2.58       2.50  

Cash flow provided by operating activities

    629,378       527,979       472,249       429,506       488,275  

Cash flow provided by (used in) investing activities

    576,931       229,756       356,605       (171,014 )     97,496  

Cash flow provided by (used in) financing activities

    (425,176 )     (293,443 )     (806,702 )     (41,834 )     (618,360 )

Total square feet at end of year

    43,814       43,389       42,013       44,117       43,894  

Percentage leased at end of year

    94.9 %     94.2 %     93.8 %     92.1 %     92.1 %

 

(1) Pursuant to the revised definition of Funds from Operations adopted by the Board of Governors of NAREIT, we calculate Funds from Operations, or “FFO,” by adjusting net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP, including non-recurring items) for gains (or losses) from sales of properties, real estate related depreciation and amortization, and after adjustment for unconsolidated partnerships, joint ventures and preferred distributions. FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure. The use of FFO, combined with the required primary GAAP presentations, has been fundamentally beneficial in improving the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and making comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. Management generally considers FFO to be a useful measure for reviewing our comparative operating and financial performance because, by excluding gains and losses related to sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets and excluding real estate asset depreciation and amortization (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO can help one compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate between periods or as compared to different companies. Our computation of FFO may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs or real estate companies that do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition differently. Amount represents our share, which was 85.32%, 84.40%, 83.74%, 82.97% and 82.06% for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004 and 2003 respectively, after allocation to the minority interest in the Operating Partnership.

 

In addition to presenting FFO in accordance with the NAREIT definition, we also disclose FFO, as adjusted, for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2003 which excludes the effects of the losses from early extinguishments of debt associated with the sales of real estate and adjustments for net derivative losses related to non-qualifying derivative contracts.

 

The adjustment to exclude losses from early extinguishments of debt results when the sale of real estate encumbered by debt requires us to pay the extinguishment costs prior to the debt’s stated maturity and to write-off unamortized loan costs at the date of the extinguishment. Such costs are excluded from the gains on sales of real estate reported in accordance with GAAP. However, we view the losses from early extinguishments of debt associated with the sales of real estate as an incremental cost of the sale transactions because we extinguished the debt in connection with the consummation of the sale transactions and we had no intent to extinguish the debt absent such transactions. We believe that this supplemental adjustment more appropriately reflects the results of our operations exclusive of the impact of our sale transactions.

 

The adjustments for net derivative losses related to non-qualifying derivative contracts for the year ended December 31, 2003 resulted from interest rate contracts we entered into prior to the effective date of SFAS No. 133 to limit our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates with respect to variable rate debt associated with real estate projects under development. Upon transition to SFAS No. 133 on January 1, 2001, the impacts of these contracts were recorded in current earnings, while prior to that time they were capitalized. Although these adjustments were attributable to a single hedging program, the underlying contracts extended over multiple reporting periods and therefore resulted in adjustments through the third quarter of 2003. Management presents FFO before the impact of non-qualifying derivative contracts

 

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because economically this interest rate hedging program was consistent with our risk management objective of limiting our exposure to interest rate volatility and the change in accounting under GAAP did not correspond to a substantive difference. Management does not currently anticipate structuring future hedging programs in a manner that would give rise to this kind of adjustment.

 

Although our FFO, as adjusted, clearly differs from NAREIT’s definition of FFO, and may not be comparable to that of other REITs and real estate companies, we believe it provides a meaningful supplemental measure of our operating performance because we believe that, by excluding the effects of the losses from early extinguishments of debt associated with the sales of real estate and adjustments for non-qualifying derivative contracts, management and investors are presented with an indicator of our operating performance that more closely achieves the objectives of the real estate industry in presenting FFO.

 

Neither FFO, nor FFO as adjusted, should be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of our performance. Neither FFO nor FFO, as adjusted, represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP and is not a measure of liquidity or an indicator of our ability to make cash distributions. We believe that to further understand our performance, FFO and FFO, as adjusted should be compared with our reported net income and considered in addition to cash flows in accordance with GAAP, as presented in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

A reconciliation of FFO, and FFO, as adjusted, to net income available to common shareholders computed in accordance with GAAP is provided under the heading of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Funds from Operations.”

 

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, principally, but not only, under the captions “Business-Business and Growth Strategies,” “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” We caution investors that any forward-looking statements in this report, or which management may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on management’s beliefs and on assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “project,” “result” “should,” “will,” and similar expressions which do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected by the forward-looking statements. We caution you that, while forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs when we make them, they are not guarantees of future performance and are impacted by actual events when they occur after we make such statements. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which are based on results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.

 

Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

 

   

general risks affecting the real estate industry (including, without limitation, the inability to enter into or renew leases, dependence on tenants’ financial condition, and competition from other developers, owners and operators of real estate);

 

   

failure to manage effectively our growth and expansion into new markets and sub-markets or to integrate acquisitions and developments successfully;

 

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risks and uncertainties affecting property development and construction (including, without limitation, construction delays, cost overruns, inability to obtain necessary permits and public opposition to such activities);

 

   

risks associated with the availability and terms of financing and the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments, including the risk associated with interest rates impacting the cost and/or availability of financing;

 

   

risks associated with forward interest rate contracts and the effectiveness of such arrangements;

 

   

risks associated with downturns in the national and local economies, increases in interest rates, and volatility in the securities markets;

 

   

risks associated with actual or threatened terrorist attacks;

 

   

costs of compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other similar laws;

 

   

potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination;

 

   

risks associated with our potential failure to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;

 

   

possible adverse changes in tax and environmental laws;

 

   

the impact of newly adopted accounting principles on our accounting policies and on period-to-period comparisons of financial results;

 

   

risks associated with possible state and local tax audits; and

 

   

risks associated with our dependence on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.

 

The risks included here are not exhaustive. Other sections of this report, including “Part I, Item 1A- Risk Factors,” include additional factors that could adversely affect our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Investors should also refer to our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for future periods and current reports on Form 8-K as we file them with the SEC, and to other materials we may furnish to the public from time to time through current reports on Form 8-K or otherwise.

 

Overview

 

We are a fully integrated self-administered and self-managed REIT and one of the largest owners and developers of Class A office properties in the United States. Our properties are concentrated in five markets—Boston, midtown Manhattan, Washington, D.C., San Francisco and Princeton, NJ. We generate revenue and cash primarily by leasing our Class A office space to our tenants. Factors we consider when we lease space include the creditworthiness of the tenant, the length of the lease, the rental rate to be paid, the costs of tenant improvements, current and anticipated operating costs and real estate taxes, our current and anticipated vacancy, current and anticipated future demand for office space generally and general economic factors. We also generate cash through the sale of assets, which may be either non-core assets or core assets that command premiums from real estate investors.

 

The impact of the current state of the economy, including rising unemployment and constrained capital, on our company is unknown. Our core strategy has always been to operate in supply constrained markets with high barriers to entry and to focus on executing long-term leases with financially strong tenants. Historically, this combination has tended to reduce our exposure to down cycles and, based on our current occupancy and recent

 

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leasing success, lack of available supply in our markets and limited lease rollover, we believe we are well positioned to withstand a slowing economy. The state of the debt capital markets is continuing to deteriorate with many lenders, including CMBS providers, out of the market and others such as banks and life insurance companies tightening their credit standards and cautiously allocating capital. We believe our current liquidity, including our cash balances and the availability under our $605 million line of credit, is sufficient to meet our foreseeable capital needs and helps to insulate us from the difficulties in the capital markets. In fact, we believe that, given our strong balance sheet and liquidity, we will have opportunities to capitalize on the current environment and we intend to seek acquisitions of high-quality real estate at attractive returns.

 

Although we intend to pursue such acquisitions, we continue to believe that the returns we can generate from developments will be greater than those we can expect from acquisitions. Since the beginning of 2005 we have completed over $4.3 billion of asset sales and have redeployed a significant amount of the proceeds into our development pipeline. We started approximately $1.7 billion of developments in 2007, including commencing construction on our approximately 1.0 million square foot office tower in New York City at 250 West 55th Street and on our 815,000 square foot mixed-use Russia Wharf development in Boston. We entered 2008 with an active development program of approximately $2.1 billion, and although we will consider additional asset sales, we do not expect our sales volume to be comparable to that of prior years and we currently do not have any assets on the market. We believe our focus on new development will enhance our long-term return on equity and earnings growth as these developments are placed in-service in 2009, 2010 and 2011.

 

Update on Recent Regulatory Initiatives

 

On August 31, 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued proposed FASB Staff Position No. APB 14-a “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement)” (the “proposed FSP”) that would require the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion (including partial cash settlement) to be separately accounted for in a manner that reflects the issuer’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. The proposed FSP, if issued as currently contemplated, would require that the initial debt proceeds from the sale of Boston Properties Limited Partnership’s (“BPLP”) $862.5 million of 2.875% exchangeable senior notes due 2037 and $450.0 million of 3.75% exchangeable senior notes due 2036 be allocated between a liability component and an equity component in a manner that reflects interest expense at the interest rate of similar nonconvertible debt. The resulting debt discount would be amortized over the period during which the debt is expected to be outstanding (i.e., through the first optional redemption dates) as additional non-cash interest expense. The proposed FSP would be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years, and it would be applied retrospectively to BPLP’s outstanding exchangeable senior notes for all periods presented. Based on our current understanding of the application of the proposed FSP, this would result in an aggregate of approximately $18 million (net of incremental capitalized interest) of additional non-cash interest expense for fiscal 2008. Excluding the impact of capitalized interest, the additional non-cash interest expense would be approximately $20 million to $22 million, and this amount (before netting) will increase in subsequent reporting periods through the first optional redemption dates as the debt accretes to its par value over the same period. There can be no assurance that the proposed FSP will be issued in the form currently contemplated by the FASB, or at all, and therefore its ultimate impact on our interest expense may differ materially from the aforementioned estimate.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions had been different, it is

 

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possible that different accounting policies would have been applied resulting in a different presentation of our financial statements. From time to time, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. In the event estimates or assumptions prove to be different from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information. Below is a discussion of accounting policies that we consider critical in that they may require complex judgment in their application or require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain.

 

Real Estate

 

Upon acquisitions of real estate, we assess the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets, including land, buildings, tenant improvements, “above-” and “below-market” leases, origination costs, acquired in-place leases, other identified intangible assets and assumed liabilities in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 141, “Business Combinations” and allocate the purchase price to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including land at appraised value and buildings at replacement cost. We assess and consider fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize discount and/or capitalization rates that we deem appropriate, as well as available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions. The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. We also consider an allocation of purchase price of other acquired intangibles, including acquired in-place leases that may have a customer relationship intangible value, including (but not limited to) the nature and extent of the existing relationship with the tenants, the tenants’ credit quality and expectations of lease renewals. Based on our acquisitions to date, our allocation to customer relationship intangible assets has been immaterial.

 

We record acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases at their fair values (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) equal to the difference between (1) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (2) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases. Other intangible assets acquired include amounts for in-place lease values that are based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. Factors to be considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, we include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, depending on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, we consider leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.

 

Real estate is stated at depreciated cost. The cost of buildings and improvements includes the purchase price of property, legal fees and other acquisition costs. Costs directly related to the development of properties are capitalized. Capitalized development costs include interest, internal wages, property taxes, insurance, and other project costs incurred during the period of development.

 

Management reviews its long-lived assets used in operations for impairment when there is an event or change in circumstances that indicates an impairment in value. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of its assets is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. If such impairment is present, an impairment loss is recognized based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its fair value. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results in future periods. Since cash flows on properties considered to be “long-lived assets to be held and used” as defined by SFAS No. 144 “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” (“SFAS No. 144”) are considered on an undiscounted basis to determine whether an asset has been impaired, our established strategy of holding properties over the long term directly decreases the likelihood of recording an impairment loss. If our strategy changes or market conditions otherwise dictate an earlier sale date, an impairment loss may be recognized and such loss could be material. If we determine that impairment has occurred, the affected assets must be reduced to their fair value. No such impairment losses have been recognized to date.

 

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SFAS No. 144 requires that qualifying assets and liabilities and the results of operations that have been sold, or otherwise qualify as “held for sale,” be presented as discontinued operations in all periods presented if the property operations are expected to be eliminated and we will not have significant continuing involvement following the sale. The components of the property’s net income that is reflected as discontinued operations include the net gain (or loss) upon the disposition of the property held for sale, operating results, depreciation and interest expense (if the property is subject to a secured loan). We generally consider assets to be “held for sale” when the transaction has been approved by our Board of Directors, or a committee thereof, and there are no known significant contingencies relating to the sale, such that the property sale within one year is considered probable. Following the classification of a property as “held for sale,” no further depreciation is recorded on the assets.

 

A variety of costs are incurred in the acquisition, development and leasing of properties. After the determination is made to capitalize a cost, it is allocated to the specific component of a project that is benefited. Determination of when a development project is substantially complete and capitalization must cease involves a degree of judgment. Our capitalization policy on development properties is guided by SFAS No. 34 “Capitalization of Interest Cost” and SFAS No. 67 “Accounting for Costs and the Initial Rental Operations of Real Estate Projects.” The costs of land and buildings under development include specifically identifiable costs. The capitalized costs include pre-construction costs essential to the development of the property, development costs, construction costs, interest costs, real estate taxes, salaries and related costs and other costs incurred during the period of development. We consider a construction project as substantially completed and held available for occupancy upon the completion of tenant improvements, but no later than one year from cessation of major construction activity. We cease capitalization on the portion (1) substantially completed and (2) occupied or held available for occupancy, and we capitalize only those costs associated with the portion under construction.

 

Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

 

Except for ownership interests in variable interest entities, we account for our investments in joint ventures under the equity method of accounting because we exercise significant influence over, but do not control, these entities. These investments are recorded initially at cost, as Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures, and subsequently adjusted for equity in earnings and cash contributions and distributions. Any difference between the carrying amount of these investments on our balance sheet and the underlying equity in net assets is amortized as an adjustment to equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures over the life of the related asset. Under the equity method of accounting, our net equity is reflected within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and our share of net income or loss from the joint ventures is included within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The joint venture agreements may designate different percentage allocations among investors for profits and losses, however, our recognition of joint venture income or loss generally follows the joint venture’s distribution priorities, which may change upon the achievement of certain investment return thresholds. For ownership interests in variable interest entities, we consolidate those in which we are the primary beneficiary. Our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are reviewed for impairment, periodically, if events or circumstances change indicating that the carrying amount of our investments may not be recoverable. The ultimate realization of our investment in unconsolidated joint ventures is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance of each investment and market conditions. We will record an impairment charge if we determine that a decline in the value of an unconsolidated joint venture is other than temporary.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Base rental revenue is reported on a straight-line basis over the terms of our respective leases. In accordance with SFAS No. 141, we recognize rental revenue of acquired in-place “above-” and “below-market” leases at their fair values over the terms of the respective leases. Accrued rental income as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets represents rental income recognized in excess of rent payments actually received pursuant to the terms of the individual lease agreements.

 

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Our leasing strategy is generally to secure creditworthy tenants that meet our underwriting guidelines. Furthermore, following the initiation of a lease, we continue to actively monitor the tenant’s creditworthiness to ensure that all tenant related assets are recorded at their realizable value. When assessing tenant credit quality, we:

 

   

review relevant financial information, including:

 

   

financial ratios;

 

   

net worth;

 

   

debt to market capitalization; and

 

   

liquidity;

 

   

evaluate the depth and experience of the tenant’s management team; and

 

   

assess the strength/growth of the tenant’s industry.

 

As a result of the underwriting process, tenants are then categorized into one of three categories:

 

  (1) low risk tenants;

 

  (2) the tenant’s credit is such that we require collateral, in which case we:

 

   

require a security deposit; and/or

 

   

reduce upfront tenant improvement investments; or

 

  (3) the tenant’s credit is below our acceptable parameters.

 

We maintain a rigorous process of monitoring the credit quality of our tenant base. We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts arising from estimated losses that could result from the tenant’s inability to make required current rent payments and an allowance against accrued rental income for future potential losses that we deem to be unrecoverable over the term of the lease.

 

Tenant receivables are assigned a credit rating of 1-4 with a rating of 1 representing the highest possible rating with no allowance recorded and a rating of 4 representing the lowest credit rating, recording a full reserve against the receivable balance. Among the factors considered in determining the credit rating include:

 

   

payment history;

 

   

credit status and change in status (credit ratings for public companies are used as a primary metric);

 

   

change in tenant space needs (i.e., expansion/downsize);

 

   

tenant financial performance;

 

   

economic conditions in a specific geographic region; and

 

   

industry specific credit considerations.

 

If our estimates of collectibility differ from the cash received, the timing and amount of our reported revenue could be impacted. The average remaining term of our in-place tenant leases was approximately 7.4 years as of December 31, 2007. The credit risk is mitigated by the high quality of our existing tenant base, reviews of prospective tenants’ risk profiles prior to lease execution and frequent monitoring of our portfolio to identify potential problem tenants.

 

Recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs, are recognized as revenue in the period the expenses are incurred. Tenant reimbursements are recognized and presented in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF, Issue

 

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99-19 “Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent,” or Issue 99-19. Issue 99-19 requires that these reimbursements be recorded on a gross basis, as we are generally the primary obligor with respect to purchasing goods and services from third-party suppliers, have discretion in selecting the supplier and have credit risk. We also receive reimbursement of payroll and payroll related costs from third parties which we reflect on a net basis in accordance with Issue 99-19.

 

Our hotel revenues are derived from room rentals and other sources such as charges to guests for long-distance telephone service, fax machine use, movie and vending commissions, meeting and banquet room revenue and laundry services. Hotel revenues are recognized as earned.

 

We receive management and development fees from third parties. Management fees are recorded and earned based on a percentage of collected rents at the properties under management, and not on a straight-line basis, because such fees are contingent upon the collection of rents. We review each development agreement and record development fees on a straight-line basis or percentage of completion depending on the risk associated with each project. Profit on development fees earned from joint venture projects is recognized as revenue to the extent of the third party partners’ ownership interest.

 

Gains on sales of real estate are recognized pursuant to the provisions of SFAS No. 66, “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate.” The specific timing of the sale is measured against various criteria in SFAS No. 66 related to the terms of the transactions and any continuing involvement in the form of management or financial assistance associated with the properties. If the sales criteria are not met, we defer gain recognition and account for the continued operations of the property by applying the finance, installment or cost recovery methods, as appropriate, until the sales criteria are met.

 

Depreciation and Amortization

 

We compute depreciation and amortization on our properties using the straight-line method based on estimated useful asset lives. In accordance with SFAS No. 141, we allocate the acquisition cost of real estate to land, building, tenant improvements, acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases, origination costs and acquired in-place leases based on an assessment of their fair value and depreciate or amortize these assets over their useful lives. The amortization of acquired “above-” and “below-market” leases and acquired in-place leases is recorded as an adjustment to revenue and depreciation and amortization, respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

For purposes of disclosure, we calculate the fair value of our mortgage notes payable and unsecured senior notes. We discount the spread between the future contractual interest payments and future interest payments on our mortgage debt and unsecured notes based on a current market rate. In determining the current market rate, we add our estimate of a market spread to the quoted yields on federal government treasury securities with similar maturity dates to our own debt. Because our valuations of our financial instruments are based on these types of estimates, the fair value of our financial instruments may change if our estimates do not prove to be accurate.

 

Results of Operations

 

The following discussion is based on our Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

 

At December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, we owned or had interests in a portfolio of 139, 131 and 121 properties, respectively (the “Total Property Portfolio”). As a result of changes within our Total Property Portfolio, the financial data presented below shows significant changes in revenue and expenses from period-to-period. Accordingly, we do not believe that our period-to-period financial data with respect to the Total

 

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Property Portfolio are necessarily meaningful. Therefore, the comparisons of operating results for the years ended 2007, 2006 and 2005 show separately the changes attributable to the properties that were owned by us throughout each period compared (the “Same Property Portfolio”) and the changes attributable to the properties included in Properties Acquired, Sold, Repositioned and Placed-in Service.

 

In our analysis of operating results, particularly to make comparisons of net operating income between periods meaningful, it is important to provide information for properties that were in-service and owned by us throughout each period presented. We refer to properties acquired or placed in-service prior to the beginning of the earliest period presented and owned by us through the end of the latest period presented as our Same Property Portfolio. The Same Property Portfolio therefore excludes properties placed in-service, acquired or repositioned after the beginning of the earliest period presented or disposed of prior to the end of the latest period presented.

 

Net operating income, or “NOI,” is a non-GAAP financial measure equal to net income available to common shareholders, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, plus cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle (net of minority interest), minority interest in Operating Partnership, losses from early extinguishments of debt, depreciation and amortization, interest expense, general and administrative expense, less gains on sales of real estate from discontinued operations (net of minority interest), income from discontinued operations (net of minority interest), gains on sales of real estate and other assets (net of minority interest), income from unconsolidated joint ventures, minority interest in property partnerships, interest and other income and development and management services revenue. We use NOI internally as a performance measure and believe NOI provides useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only those income and expense items that are incurred at the property level. Therefore, we believe NOI is a useful measure for evaluating the operating performance of our real estate assets.

 

Our management also uses NOI to evaluate regional property level performance and to make decisions about resource allocations. Further, we believe NOI is useful to investors as a performance measure because, when compared across periods, NOI reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs and acquisition and development activity on an unleveraged basis, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income. NOI excludes certain components from net income in order to provide results that are more closely related to a property’s results of operations. For example, interest expense is not necessarily linked to the operating performance of a real estate asset and is often incurred at the corporate level as opposed to the property level. In addition, depreciation and amortization, because of historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, may distort operating performance at the property level. NOI presented by us may not be comparable to NOI reported by other REITs that define NOI differently. We believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, NOI should be examined in conjunction with net income as presented in our consolidated financial statements. NOI should not be considered as an alternative to net income as an indication of our performance or to cash flows as a measure of liquidity or ability to make distributions.

 

Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2007 to the year ended December 31, 2006

 

The table below shows selected operating information for the Same Property Portfolio and the Total Property Portfolio. The Same Property Portfolio consists of 102 properties, including properties acquired or placed in-service on or prior to January 1, 2006 and owned through December 31, 2007, totaling approximately 25.5 million net rentable square feet of space (excluding square feet of structured parking). The Total Property Portfolio includes the effects of the other properties either placed in-service, acquired or repositioned after January 1, 2006 or disposed of on or prior to December 31, 2007. Properties Placed In-Service includes our 505 9th Street joint venture project. In connection with partially placing this property in-service, we consolidated the joint venture entity that owns the property as of October 1, 2007 due to the involvement we have in the venture once the property is operational. The Same Property Portfolio includes our Cambride Center Marriott hotel property, but does not include the Long Wharf Marriott hotel property, which was sold on March 23, 2007. This table includes a reconciliation from the Same Property Portfolio to the Total Property Portfolio by also providing information for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 with respect to the properties which were acquired, placed in-service, repositioned or sold.

 

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    Same Property Portfolio     Properties Sold   Properties
Acquired
    Properties
Placed
In-Service
  Properties
Repositioned
  Total Property Portfolio  

(dollars in thousands)

  2007   2006   Increase/
(Decrease)
    %
Change
    2007   2006   2007     2006     2007   2006   2007   2006   2007     2006     Increase/
(Decrease)
    %
Change
 

Rental Revenue:

                               

Rental Revenue

  $ 1,196,883   $ 1,142,388   $ 54,495     4.77 %   $ 21,902   $ 124,828   $ 48,940     $ 8,244     $ 32,313   $ 24,117   $ 27,199   $ 20,402   $ 1,327,237     $ 1,319,979     $ 7,258     0.55 %

Termination Income

    6,882     6,999     (117 )   (1.67 )%     —       1,138     100       —         —       —       —       —       6,982       8,137       (1,155 )   (14.19 )%
                                                                                                           

Total Rental Revenue

    1,203,765     1,149,387     54,378     4.73 %     21,902     125,966     49,040       8,244       32,313     24,117     27,199     20,402     1,334,219       1,328,116       6,103     0.50 %
                                                                                                           

Real Estate Operating Expenses

    419,054     389,872     29,182     7.49 %     6,369     35,439     14,964       2,239       7,995     4,731     7,458     5,424     455,840       437,705       18,135     4.14 %
                                                                                                           

Net Operating Income, excluding hotel

    784,711     759,515     25,196     3.32 %     15,533     90,527     34,076       6,005       24,318     19,386     19,741     14,978     878,379       890,411       (12,032 )   (1.35 )%
                                                                                                           

Hotel Net Operating Income(1)

    10,046     8,048     1,998     24.83 %     —       —       —         —         —       —       —       —       10,046       8,048       1,998     24.83 %
                                                                                                           

Consolidated Net Operating Income(1)

    794,757     767,563     27,194     3.54 %     15,533     90,527     34,076       6,005       24,318     19,386     19,741     14,978     888,425       898,459       (10,034 )   (1.12 )%
                                                                                                           

Other Revenue:

                               

Development and Management Services

    —       —       —       —         —       —       —         —         —       —       —       —       20,553       19,820       733     3.70 %

Interest and Other

    —       —       —       —         —       —       —         —         —       —       —       —       89,706       36,677       53,029     144.58 %
                                                                                                           

Total Other Revenue

    —       —       —       —         —       —       —         —         —       —       —       —       110,259       56,497       53,762     95.16 %

Other Expenses:

                               

General and administrative expense

    —       —       —       —         —       —       —         —         —       —       —       —       69,882       59,375       10,507     17.70 %

Interest Expense

    —       —       —       —         —       —       —         —         —       —       —       —       285,887       298,260       (12,373 )   (4.15 )%

Depreciation and amortization

    246,016     238,585     7,431     3.11 %     2,767     18,049     24,155       3,531       8,731     7,365     4,361     3,032     286,030       270,562       15,468     5.72 %

Loss from early extinguishments of debt

    —       —       —       —         —       —       —         —         —       —       —       —       3,417       32,143       (28,726 )   (89.37 )%
                                                                                                           

Total Other Expenses

    246,016     238,585     7,431     3.11 %     2,767     18,049     24,155       3,531       8,731     7,365     4,361     3,032     645,216       660,340       (15,124 )   (2.29 )%
                                                                                                           

Income before minority interests

  $ 548,741   $ 528,978   $ 19,763     3.74 %   $ 12,766   $ 72,478   $ 9,921     $ 2,474     $ 15,587   $ 12,021   $ 15,380   $ 11,946   $ 353,468     $ 294,616     $ 58,852     19.98 %

Income from unconsolidated joint ventures

  $ 5,799   $ 7,230   $ (1,431 )   (19.79 )%   $ 15,125   $ 17,455   $ (496 )   $ (178 )   $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —       20,428       24,507       (4,079 )   (16.64 )%

Income from discontinued operations, net of minority interest

  $ —     $ —     $ —       —       $ 6,206   $ 16,104   $       $       $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —       6,206       16,104       (9,898 )   (61.46 )%

Minority interest in property partnership

                            (84 )     2,013       (2,097 )   (104.17 )%

Minority interest in Operating Partnership

                            (64,916 )     (69,999 )     5,083     7.26 %

Gains on sales of real estate, net of minority interest

                            789,238       606,394       182,844     30.15 %

Gains on sales of real estate from discontinued operations, net of minority interest

                            220,350       —         220,350     100.0 %
                                                     

Net Income available to common shareholders

                          $ 1,324,690     $ 873,635     $ 451,055     51.63 %
                                                     

 

(1) For a detailed discussion of NOI, including the reasons management believes NOI is useful to investors, see page 47. Hotel Net Operating Income for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 is comprised of Hotel Revenue of $37,811 and $33,014, respectively, less Hotel Expenses of $27,765 and $24,966, respectively, per the Consolidated Income Statement.

 

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Rental Revenue

 

The increase of approximately $7.3 million in the Total Property Portfolio Rental Revenue is comprised of increases and decreases within the five categories that comprise our Total Property Portfolio. Rental revenue from the Same Property Portfolio increased approximately $54.5 million, Properties Sold decreased approximately $102.9 million, Properties Acquired increased approximately $40.7 million, Properties Placed In-Service increased approximately $8.2 million and Properties Repositioned increased approximately $6.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the year ended December 31, 2006.

 

We incur certain tenant specific property costs for which we are reimbursed from our tenants. Starting in 2007, we have included these reimbursements in rental revenue and included the tenant specific operating cost within real estate operating expenses. This income and expense classification in 2007 results in a presented increase to comparable rental revenue and real estate operating expenses, however does not impact our consolidated net operating income. For the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, the rental income and real estate operating expense gross up was approximately $8.9 million and $12.0 million, respectively.

 

Rental revenue from the Same Property Portfolio increased approximately $54.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006. Included in the Same Property Portfolio rental revenue is an overall increase in base rental revenue of approximately $39.1 million, offset by a decrease of approximately $7.3 million in straight-line rents. Approximately $18.8 million of the increase from the Same Property Portfolio was due to an increase in recoveries from tenants which correlates with the increase in operating expenses. Approximately $3.9 million of the increase from the Same Property Portfolio was due to an increase in parking and other income.

 

The increase in rental revenue from Properties Placed In-Service relates to partially placing in-service our 505 9th Street development project in the fourth quarter of 2007, placing in-service our Seven Cambridge Center development project in the first quarter of 2006 and 12290 Sunrise Valley in the second quarter of 2006. Rental revenue from Properties Placed In-Service increased approximately $8.2 million, as detailed below:

 

      Date Placed In-Service    Rental Revenue for the year ended December 31

Property

          2007            2006            Change    
          (in thousands)

Seven Cambridge Center

   First Quarter, 2006    $ 22,138    $ 19,939    $ 2,199

12290 Sunrise Valley

   Second Quarter, 2006      6,338      4,178      2,160

505 9th Street

   Fourth Quarter, 2007      3,837      —        3,837
                       

Total

      $ 32,313    $ 24,117    $ 8,196
                       

 

The acquisition of 6601 & 6605 Springfield Center Drive, 103 Fourth Avenue, Kingstowne Towne Center, the Mountain View Properties and North First Business Park in 2007, and 303 Almaden Boulevard, 3200 Zanker Road and Four and Five Cambridge Center in 2006, increased revenue from Properties Acquired by approximately $40.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 as detailed below:

 

      Date Acquired    Rental Revenue for the year ended December 31

Property

          2007            2006            Change    
          (in thousands)

Four and Five Cambridge Center

   November 30, 2006    $ 18,605    $ 1,265    $ 17,340

Kingstowne Towne Center

   March 30, 2007      10,631      —        10,631

3200 Zanker Road

   August 10, 2006      10,520      3,839      6,681

303 Almaden Boulevard

   June 30, 2006      6,402      3,140      3,262

Mountain View Properties

   November 27, 2007      1,275      —        1,275

103 Fourth Avenue

   January 29, 2007      720      —        720

6601 & 6605 Springfield Center Drive

   January, 2007      685      —        685

North First Business Park

   December 13, 2007      102      —        102
                       

Total

        $48,940      $8,244      $40,696
                       

 

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Rental revenue from Properties Repositioned for the year ended December 31, 2007 increased approximately $6.8 million over the year ended December 31, 2006. Our Capital Gallery expansion project is included in Properties Repositioned for the year ended December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006. In April 2006, tenants began to take occupancy and we placed our Capital Gallery expansion project in-service in July 2006.

 

The aggregate increase in rental revenue was offset by the sales of Democracy Center and 5 Times Square in 2007 and 280 Park Avenue in 2006. These properties have not been classified as discontinued operations due to our continuing involvement as the property manager for each property through agreements entered into at the time of sale. Rental Revenue from Properties Sold decreased by approximately $102.9 million, as detailed below:

 

      Date Sold      Rental Revenue for the year ended December 31  

Property

          2007            2006            Change      
          (in thousands)  

Democracy Center

   August 7, 2007    $ 12,016    $ 17,825    $ (5,809 )

5 Times Square

   February 15, 2007      9,886      74,795      (64,909 )

280 Park Avenue

   June 6, 2006      —        32,208      (32,208 )
                         

Total

      $ 21,902    $ 124,828    $ (102,926 )
                         

 

Termination Income

 

Termination income for the year ended December 31, 2007 was related to multiple tenants across the Total Property Portfolio that terminated their leases, and we recognized termination income totaling approximately $7.0 million. This compared to termination income of $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. We expect to recognize approximately $6 million of termination income for the year 2008.

 

Real Estate Operating Expenses

 

The $18.1 million increase in property operating expenses (real estate taxes, utilities, insurance, repairs and maintenance, cleaning and other property-related expenses) in the Total Property Portfolio is comprised of increases and decreases within five categories that comprise our Total Property Portfolio. Operating expenses for the Same Property Portfolio increased approximately $29.2 million, Properties Sold decreased approximately $29.1 million, Properties Acquired increased approximately $12.7 million, Properties Placed In-Service increased approximately $3.3 million and Properties Repositioned increased approximately $2.0 million.

 

Operating expenses from the Same Property Portfolio increased approximately $29.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006. Included in Same Property Portfolio operating expenses is an increase in utility expenses of approximately $2.5 million, which represents an increase of approximately 3% over the prior year to date. In addition, real estate taxes increased approximately $10.7 million due to increased real estate tax assessments and repairs and maintenance increased approximately $8.4 million. The remaining $7.6 million increase in the Same Property Portfolio operating expenses is related to an increase in cleaning contracts and other general and administrative items.

 

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The acquisition of 6601 & 6605 Springfield Center Drive, 103 Fourth Avenue, Kingstowne Towne Center, the Mountain View Properties and North First Business Park in 2007, and 303 Almaden Boulevard, 3200 Zanker Road and Four and Five Cambridge Center in 2006, increased operating expenses from Properties Acquired by approximately $12.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 as detailed below:

 

      Date Acquired    Real Estate Operating Expense
for the year ended December 31

Property

      2007    2006    Change
          (in thousands)

Four and Five Cambridge Center

   November 30, 2006    $ 6,871    $ 519    $ 6,352

Kingstowne Towne Center

   March 30, 2007      2,591      —        2,591

303 Almaden Boulevard

   June 30, 2006      2,345      1,223      1,122

3200 Zanker Road

   August 10, 2006      1,837      497      1,340

103 Fourth Avenue

   January 29, 2007      606      —        606

Mountain View Properties

   November 27, 2007      412      —        412

6601 & 6605 Springfield Center Drive

   January, 2007      256      —        256

North First Business Park

   December 13, 2007      46      —        46
                       

Total

      $ 14,964    $ 2,239    $ 12,725
                       

 

The increase in operating expenses from Properties Placed In-Service relates to partially placing in-service our 505 9th Street development project in the fourth quarter of 2007, placing in-service our Seven Cambridge Center development project in the first quarter of 2006 and 12290 Sunrise Valley in the second quarter of 2006. Operating expenses from Properties Placed In-Service increased approximately $3.3 million, as detailed below:

 

      Date Placed
In-Service
   Real Estate Operating Expenses
for the year ended December 31

Property

          2007        2006        Change    
          (in thousands)

Seven Cambridge Center

   First Quarter, 2006    $ 5,521    $ 4,277    $ 1,244

12290 Sunrise Valley

   Second Quarter, 2006      1,278      454      824

505 9th Street

   Fourth Quarter, 2007      1,196      —        1,196
                       

Total

      $ 7,995    $ 4,731    $ 3,264
                       

 

Operating expenses from Properties Repositioned for the year ended December 31, 2007 increased approximately $2.0 million over the year ended December 31, 2006. Our Capital Gallery expansion project is included in Properties Repositioned for the year ended December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006. In April 2006, tenants began to take occupancy and during July 2006, we placed our Capital Gallery expansion project in-service.

 

A decrease of approximately $29.1 million in the Total Property Portfolio operating expenses was due to the sales of Democracy Center and 5 Times Square in 2007 and 280 Park Avenue in 2006, as detailed below:

 

      Date Sold    Real Estate Operating Expenses
for the year ended December 31
 

Property

      2007    2006    Change  
          (in thousands)  

Democracy Center

   August 7, 2007    $ 4,204    $ 6,144    $ (1,940 )

5 Times Square

   February 15, 2007      2,165      14,988      (12,823 )

280 Park Avenue

   June 6, 2006      —        14,307      (14,307 )
                         

Total

      $ 6,369    $ 35,439    $ (29,070 )
                         

 

We continue to review and monitor the impact of rising energy costs, as well as other factors, on our operating budgets for fiscal year 2008. Because some operating expenses are not recoverable from tenants, an increase in operating expenses due to one or more of the foregoing factors could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

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Hotel Net Operating Income

 

Net operating income for our hotel property increased approximately $2.0 million, a 24.8% increase for the year ended December 31, 2007 as compared to 2006. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the operations of the Long Wharf Marriott was included as part of discontinued operations due to its sale on March 23, 2007.

 

The following reflects our occupancy and rate information for our Cambridge Center Marriott hotel property for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006:

 

     2007     2006     Percentage
Change
 

Occupancy

     80.0 %     75.1 %   6.5 %

Average daily rate

   $ 217.23     $ 194.52     11.7 %

Revenue per available room, REVPAR

   $ 173.80     $ 146.15     18.9 %

 

Development and Management Services

 

Development and Management Services income increased approximately $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006. We have maintained management contracts following the sales of Democracy Center and 5 Times Square in 2007 as well as the sale of 280 Park Avenue on June 6, 2006 which contributed to an increase of approximately $1.1 million in management fees. A decrease of approximately $0.4 million was attributed to reduced work order income. We expect third-party fee income for the year 2008 to be between $19 million and $20 million, a slight increase due to leasing and management fees we are projecting to earn at 280 Park Avenue as well as fees generated from the additional investment in the Value-Added Fund.

 

Interest and Other Income

 

Interest and other income increased by approximately $53.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006 as a result of higher overall interest rates and increased cash balances. In February 2007, our Operating Partnership issued $862.5 million of 2.875% unsecured exchangeable senior notes. On February 15, 2007, we completed the sale of our long-term leasehold interest in 5 Times Square in New York City for approximately $1.23 billion in cash. On March 23, 2007, we completed the sale of the Long Wharf Marriott for approximately $225.6 million in cash. On April 5, 2007, we completed the sale of Newport Office Park for approximately $33.7 million in cash. On August 7, 2007, we completed the sale of Democracy Center for approximately $184.5 million in cash and on November 20, 2007, we completed the sale of Orbital Sciences Campus and Broad Run Business Park Building E properties for an aggregate of approximately $125.4 million in cash.

 

We paid our special dividend and regular dividend payments totaling $6.66 per share on January 30, 2008. Our current cash balance, after the dividends and our purchase of the Mountain View Properties and North First Business Park, is approximately $750 million. As the Federal Reserve has cut interest rates, short-term investment returns have decreased significantly and therefore we anticipate interest income to be between approximately $22 million to $25 million for the year 2008.

 

Other Expenses

 

General and Administrative

 

General and administrative expenses increased approximately $10.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006. An overall increase of approximately $2.6 million was attributed to bonuses and salaries for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006 as well as an increase in long-term compensation expense of approximately $3.5 million. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we recognized

 

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additional expenses related to abandoned project costs of approximately $4.5 million. We anticipate our general and administrative expenses to be between $74 million and $75 million for the year 2008. A significant portion of the expected increase results from the inclusion of the 2008 OPP Awards described below, which adds approximately $4.9 million in 2008.

 

On January 24, 2008, our compensation committee approved outperformance awards under the 1997 Plan to our officers and employees. These awards (the “2008 OPP Awards”) are part of a new broad-based long-term incentive compensation program designed to provide our management team at several levels within the organization with the potential to earn equity awards subject to “outperforming” and creating shareholder value in a pay-for-performance structure. 2008 OPP Awards utilize total return to shareholders (“TRS”) over a three-year measurement period as the performance metric and include two years of time-based vesting after the end of the performance measurement period (subject to acceleration in certain events) as a retention tool. Recipients of 2008 OPP Awards will share in an outperformance pool if our TRS, including both share appreciation and dividends, exceeds absolute and relative hurdles over a three-year measurement period from February 5, 2008 to February 5, 2011, based on the average closing price of a share of our common stock of $92.8240 for the five trading days prior to and including February 5, 2008. The aggregate reward that recipients of all 2008 OPP Awards can earn, as measured by the outperformance pool, is subject to a maximum cap of $110 million, although OPP awards for an aggregate of up to approximately $104.8 million have been allocated to date and were granted on February 5, 2008. The balance remains available for future grants. We expect that under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R) “Share-Based Payment” the 2008 OPP Awards will have an aggregate value of approximately $19.7 million, which amount will generally be amortized into earnings over the five-year plan period (although awards for retirement-eligible employees will be amortized over a three-year period). Because the 2008 OPP Awards requires a sustained price target to achieve the threshold stock price, unless the target has actually been met by the end of the applicable reporting period, we will exclude all contingently issueable shares from the diluted EPS calculation. See Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Commencing in 2003, we issued restricted stock and/or LTIP Units, as opposed to granting stock options and restricted stock, under the 1997 Plan as our primary vehicle for employee equity compensation. An LTIP Unit is generally the economic equivalent of a share of our restricted stock. Employees vest in restricted stock and LTIP Units over a four- or five-year term (for awards granted between 2003 and November 2006, vesting is over a five-year term with annual vesting of 0%, 0%, 25%, 35% and 40%; and for awards granted after November 2006, vesting will occur in equal annual installments over a four-year term). Restricted stock and LTIP Units are valued based on observable market prices for similar instruments. Such value is recognized as an expense ratably over the corresponding employee service period. LTIP Units that were issued in January 2005 and any future LTIP Unit awards will be valued using an option pricing model in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123R. To the extent restricted stock or LTIP Units are forfeited prior to vesting, the corresponding previously recognized expense is reversed as an offset to "stock-based compensation." Stock-based compensation associated with approximately $27.6 million of restricted stock and LTIP Units granted in February 2008 and approximately $18.5 million of restricted stock and LTIP Units granted in January 2007 will be incurred ratably over the four-year vesting period. Stock-based compensation associated with approximately $11.3 million of restricted stock and LTIP Units granted in April 2006 will be incurred ratably over the five-year vesting period.

 

Interest Expense

 

Interest expense for the Total Property Portfolio decreased approximately $12.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006. The decrease is due to (1) the repayment of outstanding mortgage debt in connection with the sale of Democracy Center in August 2007 and 280 Park Avenue in June 2006, which decreased interest expense by $11.2 million, (2) the repayment of our mortgage loans collateralized by Capital Gallery, 191 Spring Street, 101 Carnegie Center, Seven Cambridge Center, Embarcadero Center Three and Embarcadero Center Four, 504, 506, 508 and 510 Carnegie Center Properties, which decreased interest expense

 

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by approximately $15.9 million, and (3) an increase in capitalized interest costs which results in a decrease of interest expense of approximately $18.5 million. These decreases were offset by (1) an increase of approximately $4.4 million related to interest paid on the $450 million unsecured exchangeable senior notes issued in the second quarter of 2006 by our Operating Partnership at a per annum interest rate of 3.75%, (2) an increase of approximately $26.2 million related to interest paid on the $862.5 million unsecured exchangeable senior notes issued in the first quarter of 2007 by our Operating Partnership at an effective per annum interest rate of 3.438% and (3) an increase of approximately $4.3 million related to the acquisition of Kingstowne Towne Center on March 30, 2007 as well as the consolidation of our 505 9th joint venture property due to the involvement we now have because the property is operational. The remaining decrease is attributed to scheduled loan amortization on our outstanding debt.

 

At December 31, 2007, our variable rate debt consisted of our construction loan at South of Market. The following summarizes our outstanding debt as of December 31, 2007 compared with December 31, 2006:

 

     December 31,  
     2007     2006  
     (dollars in thousands)  

Debt Summary:

    

Balance

    

Fixed rate

   $ 5,369,243     $ 3,889,447  

Variable rate

     122,923       711,490  
                

Total

   $ 5,492,166     $ 4,600,937  
                

Percent of total debt:

    

Fixed rate

     97.76 %     84.54 %

Variable rate

     2.24 %     15.46 %
                

Total

     100.00 %     100.00 %
                

GAAP Weighted average interest rate at end of period:

    

Fixed rate

     5.58 %     6.19 %

Variable rate

     6.11 %     5.80 %
                

Total

     5.60 %     6.13 %
                

 

Depreciation and Amortization

 

Depreciation and amortization expense for the Total Property Portfolio increased approximately $15.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006. The increase in depreciation and amortization consisted of approximately $20.6 million related to the 2007 acquisitions compared with the 2006 activity, approximately $0.7 million related to partially placing in-service 505 9th Street in the fourth quarter of 2007, approximately $1.3 million related to placing Capital Gallery into service during the third quarter of 2006, and approximately $0.7 million was due to the placing in-service of our Seven Cambridge Center development project in the first quarter of 2006 and 12290 Sunrise Valley in the second quarter of 2006. The increase was offset by reductions in depreciation and amortization resulting from the sales of Democracy Center and 5 Times Square in 2007 compared with 280 Park Avenue in 2006, which resulted in an aggregate decrease of approximately $15.3 million. Depreciation and amortization in the Same Property Portfolio increased approximately $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006.

 

Capitalized Costs

 

Costs directly related to the development of rental properties are not included in our operating results. These costs are capitalized and included in real estate assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over their useful lives. Capitalized development costs include interest, wages, property taxes, insurance and other project costs incurred during the period of development. Capitalized wages for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 were $11.0 million and $7.0 million, respectively. These costs are not included in the general and

 

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administrative expenses discussed above. We expect capitalized wages to increase proportionately with our increased development activity and increased wages into 2008. Interest capitalized for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $31.0 million and $5.9 million, respectively. These costs are not included in the interest expense referenced above.

 

Losses from early extinguishments of debt

 

On February 12, 2007, we refinanced our mortgage loan collateralized by 599 Lexington Avenue located in New York City. The new mortgage financing totaling $750.0 million bears interest at a fixed interest rate of 5.57% per annum and matures on March 1, 2017. The net proceeds of the new loan were used to refinance the $225.0 million mortgage loan on 599 Lexington Avenue and the $475.0 million mortgage loan on Times Square Tower. In connection with the refinancing, the lien of the Times Square Tower mortgage was spread to 599 Lexington Avenue and released from Times Square Tower so that Times Square Tower is no longer encumbered by any mortgage debt. There was no prepayment penalty associated with the repayment. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $0.7 million consisting of the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs.

 

In conjunction with the sale of Democracy Center in Bethesda, Maryland on August 7, 2007, we repaid the mortgage financing collateralized by the property totaling approximately $94.6 million. We paid a prepayment fee of approximately $2.6 million associated with the repayment. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $2.7 million consisting of the prepayment fee and the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2006, in connection with the sale of 280 Park Avenue, we legally defeased the mortgage indebtedness collateralized by the property, totaling approximately $254.4 million. In connection with the legal defeasance of the mortgage indebtedness at 280 Park Avenue, we recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $31.4 million consisting of the difference between the value of the U.S. Treasuries and the principal balance of the mortgage loan totaling approximately $28.2 million and the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs totaling approximately $3.2 million. In addition, we repaid construction financing collateralized by our Seven Cambridge Center property. The construction financing at Seven Cambridge Center totaling approximately $112.5 million was repaid using approximately $7.5 million of available cash and $105.0 million drawn under our Unsecured Line of Credit. There was no prepayment penalty associated with the repayment for Seven Cambridge Center. We recognized losses from early extinguishments of debt totaling approximately $0.5 million consisting of the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs. We repaid the construction and permanent financing at Capital Gallery totaling approximately $34.0 million and $49.7 million using available cash. We recognized a loss from early extinguishment of debt totaling approximately $0.2 million comprised of a prepayment penalty and the write-off of unamortized deferred finance costs.

 

Income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

 

For the year ended December 31, 2007, income from unconsolidated joint ventures decreased approximately $4.1 million. On June 1, 2007, our Value-Added Fund sold Worldgate Plaza located in Herndon, Virginia for approximately $109.0 million. Worldgate Plaza is an office complex consisting of approximately 322,000 net rentable square feet. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $50.5 million, of which our share was approximately $20.3 million, after the repayment of the mortgage indebtedness of $57.0 million. Our share of the gain, which is included as income from joint ventures, was approximately $15.5 million which amount reflects the achievement of certain return thresholds as provided for in the joint venture agreement. On October 1, 2007, our 505 9th Street joint venture project, a 323,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property located in Washington, D.C was partially placed in-service. In connection with partially placing this property in-service, we consolidated this entity as of October 1, 2007 due to the involvement we have in the venture once the property is operational.

 

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On September 15, 2006, a joint venture in which we had a 35% interest sold 265 Franklin Street located in Boston, Massachusetts, at a sale price of approximately $170.0 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $108.3 million, of which our share was approximately $37.9 million, after the repayment of mortgage indebtedness of approximately $60.8 million and unfunded tenant obligations and other closing costs of approximately $0.9 million. The venture recognized a gain on sale of real estate of approximately $51.4 million, of which our share was approximately $18.0 million, and a loss from early extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.2 million, of which our share was $0.1 million.

 

Income from discontinued operations, net of minority interest

 

For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, Orbital Sciences Campus and Broad Run Business Park, Building E, Newport Office Park and Long Wharf Marriott were included as part of income from discontinued operations, net of minority interest.

 

Minority interests in property partnerships

 

Minority interests in property partnerships for the year ended December 31, 2007 consists of the outside equity interests in the venture that owns our Wisconsin Place Office Property as well as our 505 9th Street project. In connection with partially placing 505 9th Street in-service, we consolidated this entity as of October 1, 2007 due to the involvement we have in the venture once the property is operational.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2006, minority interest in property partnership includes our outside equity interest in Citigroup Center. This venture was consolidated with our financial results because we exercised control over the entity. Due to the redemption of the minority interest holder at Citigroup Center on May 31, 2006, minority interest in property partnership no longer reflects an allocation to the minority interest holder.

 

Minority interest in Operating Partnership

 

Minority interest in Operating Partnership decreased $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 2006. In connection with the special dividend declared on December 17, 2007 payable on January 30, 2008, holders of Series Two Preferred Units will participate on an as-converted basis in connection with their regular May 2008 distribution payment as provided for in the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement. As a result, we accrued approximately $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 related to the special cash distribution payable to holders of the Series Two Preferred Units and have allocated earnings to the Series Two Preferred Units of approximately $8.7 million, which amount has been reflected in minority interest in Operating Partnership for the year ended December 31, 2007. In connection with the special dividend declared on December 15, 2006 and paid on January 30, 2007, we recognized an adjustment of approximately $3.1 million in 2007 to the special cash distribution accrual and allocation of earnings to the Series Two Preferred Units, as a result of conversions of Series Two Preferred Units. This decrease was offset by an increase related to the minority interest in our Operating Partnership’s income allocation related to an underlying increase in allocable income.

 

In connection with the special dividend declared on December 15, 2006 payable on January 30, 2007, holders of Series Two Preferred Units will participate on an as-converted basis in connection with their regular May 2007 distribution payment as provided for in the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement. As a result, we accrued approximately $12.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 related to the special cash distribution payable to holders of the Series Two Preferred Units and have allocated earnings to the Series Two Preferred Units of approximately $12.2 million, which amount has been reflected in minority interest in Operating Partnership for the year ended December 31, 2006.

 

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Gains on sales of real estate, net of minority interest

 

On August 7, 2007, we sold Democracy Center in Bethesda, Maryland, for approximately $280.5 million. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $184.5 million, after the repayment of the mortgage indebtedness of approximately $94.6 million and closing costs of approximately $1.4 million, resulting in a gain on sale of approximately $168.3 million (net of minority interest share of approximately $29.9 million). Due to our continuing involvement through an agreement with the buyer to manage the property for a fee after the sale, this property has not been categorized as discontinued operations.

 

On February 15, 2007, we sold the long-term leasehold interest in 5 Times Square in New York City and related credits, for approximately $1.28 billion in cash. Net cash proceeds totaled approximately $1.23 billion, resulting in a gain on sale of approximately $605.4 million (net of minority interest share of approximately $108.1 million). Due to our continuing involvement through an agreement with the buyer to manage the property for a fee after the sale, this property has not been categorized as discontinued operations.

 

On June 6, 2006, we sold 280 Park Avenue, a 1,179,000 net rentable square foot Class A office property located in midtown Manhattan, New York, for approximately $1.2 billion. Net proceeds totaled approximately $875 million after legal defeasance of indebtedness secured by the property (consisting of approximately $254.4 million of principal indebtedness and approximately $28.2 million of related defeasance costs) and the payment of transfer taxes, brokers’ fees and other customary closing costs. We recognized at closing a gain on sale of approximately $583.3 million (net of minority interest share of approximately $109.2 million). Due to our continuing involvement through an agreement with the buyer to manage the property for a fee after the sale, this property has not been categorized as discontinued operations.

 

In January 2006, we recognized a $4.8 million gain (net of minority interest share of approximately $0.9 million) on the sale of a parcel of land at the Prudential Center located in Boston, Massachusetts which had been accounted for previously as a financing transaction. During January 2006, the transaction qualified as a sale for financial reporting purposes.

 

Gains on sales of real estate from discontinued operations, net of minority interest

 

Gains on sales of real estate from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 in the Total Property Portfolio relate to the sales of Orbital Sciences Campus and Broad Run Business Park, Building E, Newport Office Park resulting in a gain of approximately $46.5 million and Long Wharf Marriott during 2007 resulting in a gain of approximately $162.4 million.

 

Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2006 to the year ended December 31, 2005

 

The table below shows selected operating information for the Same Property Portfolio and the Total Property Portfolio. The Same Property Portfolio consists of 101 properties, including properties acquired or placed in-service on or prior to January 1, 2005 and owned through December 31, 2006, totaling approximately 25.2 million net rentable square feet of space (excluding square feet of structured parking). The Total Property Portfolio includes the effects of the other properties either placed in-service, acquired or repositioned after January 1, 2005 or disposed of on or prior to December 31, 2006. The Same Property Portfolio includes our Cambridge Center Marriott hotel property, but does not include the Long Wharf Marriott hotel property, which was sold on March 23, 2007. This table includes a reconciliation from the Same Property Portfolio to the Total Property Portfolio by also providing information for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 with respect to the properties which were acquired, placed in-service, repositioned or sold.

 

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    Same Property Portfolio     Properties Sold   Properties
Acquired
  Properties
Placed

In-Service
  Properties
Repositioned
  Total Property Portfolio  

(dollars in thousands)

  2006   2005   Increase/
(Decrease)
  %
Change
    2006   2005   2006     2005   2006   2005   2006   2005   2006     2005     Increase/
(Decrease)
    %
Change
 

Rental Revenue:

                               

Rental Revenue

  $ 1,227,755   $ 1,194,483   $ 33,272   2.79 %   $ 32,207   $ 104,431   $ 15,498     $ 28   $ 24,117   $ 412   $ 20,402   $ 13,094   $ 1,319,979     $ 1,312,448     $ 7,531     0.57 %

Termination Income

    8,137     5,416     2,721   50.24 %     —       6,064     —         —       —       —       —       —       8,137       11,480       (3,343 )   (29.12 )%
                                                                                                       

Total Rental Revenue

    1,235,892     1,199,899     35,993   3.00 %     32,207     110,495     15,498       28     24,117     412     20,402     13,094     1,328,116       1,323,928       4,188     0.32 %
                                                                                                       

Real Estate Operating Expenses

    407,377     385,972     21,405   5.55 %     14,307     44,818     5,866       18     4,731     122     5,424     3,423     437,705       434,353       3,352     0.77 %
                                                                                                       

Net Operating Income, excluding hotel

    828,515     813,927     14,588   1.79 %     17,900     65,677     9,632       10     19,386     290     14,978     9,671     890,411       889,575       836     0.09 %
                                                                                                       

Hotel Net Operating Income (1)

    8,048     6,874     1,174   17.08 %     —       —       —         —       —       —       —       —       8,048       6,874       1,174     17.08 %
                                                                                                       

Consolidated Net Operating Income (1)

    836,563     820,801     15,762   1.92 %     17,900     65,677     9,632       10     19,386     290     14,978     9,671     898,459       896,449       2,010     0.22 %
                                                                                                       

Other Revenue:

                               

Development and Management Services

    —       —       —     —         —       —       —         —       —       —       —       —       19,820       17,310       2,510     14.50 %

Interest and Other

    —       —       —     —         —       —       —         —       —       —       —       —       36,677       11,978       24,699     206.20 %
                                                                                                       

Total Other Revenue

    —       —       —     —         —       —       —         —       —       —       —       —       56,497       29,288       27,209     92.90 %

Other Expenses:

                               

General and administrative expense

    —       —       —     —         —       —       —         —       —       —       —       —       59,375       55,471       3,904     7.04 %

Interest Expense

    —       —       —     —         —       —       —         —       —       —       —       —       298,260       308,091       (9,831 )   (3.19 )%

Depreciation and amortization

    249,905     241,536     8,369   3.46 %     3,502     17,694     6,758       —       7,365     94     3,032     1,655     270,562       260,979       9,583     3.67 %

Loss from early extinguishments of debt

    —       —       —     —         —       —       —         —       —       —       —       —       32,143       12,896       19,247     149.25 %
                                                                                                       

Total Other Expenses

    249,905     241,536     8,369   3.46 %     3,502     17,694     6,758       —       7,365     94     3,032     1,655     660,340       637,437       22,903     3.59 %
                                                                                                       

Income before minority interests

  $ 586,658   $ 579,265   $ 7,393   1.28 %   $ 14,398   $ 47,983   $ 2,874     $ 10   $ 12,021   $ 196   $ 11,946   $ 8,016   $ 294,616     $ 288,300     $ 6,316     2.19 %

Income from unconsolidated joint ventures

  $ 3,324   $ 2,012   $ 1,312   65.21 %   $ 17,816   $ 693   $ (540 )   $ —     $ 3,907   $ 2,124   $ —     $ —       24,507       4,829       19,678     407.50 %

Income from discontinued operations, net of minority interest

  $ 5,189   $ 4,973   $ 216   4.34 %   $ 10,915   $ 10,354   $       $     $ —     $ —     $ —     $ —       16,104       15,327       777     5.07 %

Minority interest in property partnership

                            2,013       6,017       (4,004 )   (66.54 )%

Minority interest in Operating Partnership

                            (69,999 )     (71,498 )     1,499     2.10 %

Gains on sales of real estate, net of minority interest

                            606,394       151,884       454,510     299.25 %

Gains on sales of real estate from discontinued operations, net of minority interest

                            —         47,656       (47,656 )   100.0 %

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting, net of minority interest

                            —         (4,223 )     4,223     100.0 %
                                                     

Net Income available to common shareholders

                          $ 873,635     $ 438,292     $ 435,343     99.33 %
                                                     

 

(1) For a detailed discussion of NOI, including the reasons management believes NOI is useful to investors, see page 47. Hotel Net Operating Income for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 is comprised of Hotel Revenue of $33,014 and $29,650, respectively, less Hotel Expenses of $24,966 and $22,776, respectively, per the Consolidated Income Statement.

 

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Rental Revenue

 

The increase of approximately $7.5 million in the Total Property Portfolio Rental Revenue is comprised of increases and decreases within the five categories that comprise our Total Property Portfolio. Rental revenue from the Same Property Portfolio increased approximately $33.3 million, Properties Sold decreased approximately $72.2 million, Properties Acquired increased approximately $15.5 million, Properties Placed In-Service increased approximately $23.7 million and Properties Repositioned increased approximately $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to the year ended December 31, 2005.

 

Rental revenue from the Same Property Portfolio increased approximately $33.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to 2005. Included in the Same Property Portfolio rental revenue is an overall increase in base rental revenue of approximately $35.5 million, offset by a decrease of approximately $17.5 million in straight-line rents, primarily due to the reduction of free rent at Times Square Tower during the prior year. Approximately $14.2 million of the increase from the Same Property Portfolio was due to an increase in recoveries from tenants which correlates with the increase in operating expenses. Approximately $1.0 million of the increase from the Same Property Portfolio was due to an increase in parking and other income.

 

The increase in rental revenue from Properties Placed In-Service relates to placing in-service our Seven Cambridge Center development project in the first quarter of 2006 and 12290 Sunrise Valley in the second quarter of 2006. During the fourth quarter of 2005, we placed our West Garage phase of our Seven Cambridge Center development into service which is included as part of Seven Cambridge Center below. Rental revenue from Properties Placed In-Service increased approximately $23.7 million, as detailed below:

 

Property

   Date Placed In-
Service
   Rental Revenue for the year ended
December 31
            2006          2005          Change      
          (in thousands)

Seven Cambridge Center

   First Quarter, 2006    $ 19,940    <