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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2012

Or

For the transition period from                  to                 

Commission File Number 000-50194

HMS HOLDINGS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

(212) 725-7965

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  x Yes  o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o  No x

As of August 3, 2012, there were approximately 86,337,794 shares of the registrant’s common stock (par value $0.01 per share) outstanding.

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HMS HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 2012

INDEX

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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  From time to time, we also provide forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public, as well as oral forward-looking statements.  Such statements give our expectations or forecasts of future events; they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts.

We have tried, wherever possible, to identify such statements by using words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “will,” “target,” “seek,” “forecast” and similar expressions.  In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, business plans, objects and prospects, future operating or financial performance or results of current and anticipated services, acquisitions and the performance of companies we have acquired, sales efforts, expenses, interest rates, and the outcome of contingencies, such as financial results.

We cannot guarantee that any forward-looking statement will be realized.  Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions.  Should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could differ materially from past results and those anticipated, estimated or projected.  We caution you, therefore, against relying on any of these forward-looking statements.  They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees or assurances of future performance. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in particular, the risks discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Part II of this 10-Q and those discussed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Any forward-looking statements made by us in this Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date on which they are made.  Factors or events that could cause actual results to differ may emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all of them.  We undertake no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law.  You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including but not limited to our Current Reports on Form 8-K.

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HMS HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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HMS HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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HMS HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2012

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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HMS HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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HMS HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2012 and 2011

(unaudited)

1.            Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or U.S. GAAP, for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim financial statements furnished herein include all adjustments necessary (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) for a fair presentation of our and our subsidiaries’ financial position at June 30, 2012, the results of our operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011. Interim financial statements are prepared on a basis consistent with our annual financial statements. The financial statements included herein should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, which we refer to as our Annual Report.

We provide cost containment services to government and private healthcare payers and sponsors. Our services ensure that healthcare claims are paid correctly, through our program integrity services, and by the responsible party, through our coordination of benefits services.  Our services help clients recover amounts from liable third parties; prevent future inappropriate payments; reduce fraud, waste and abuse; and ensure regulatory compliance.

In September 2008, we purchased the assets and liabilities of Prudent Rx, expanding our portfolio of program integrity service offerings for government healthcare programs and managed care organizations, particularly in the pharmacy arena. In September 2009, we further expanded our portfolio of program integrity service offerings for government healthcare programs, particularly in the Medicare and Medicaid programs with our acquisition of IntegriGuard LLC, or IntegriGuard. In December 2009, with the acquisition of Verify Solutions, Inc., or Verify Solutions, we moved into the employer-based market with valuable new services that ensure that dependents covered by employees are eligible to receive healthcare benefits. In June 2010, we acquired Allied Management Group — Special Investigation Unit or AMG-SIU, which provides fraud, waste and abuse prevention and detection solutions for healthcare payers. In August 2010, we acquired Chapman Kelly, Inc., or Chapman Kelly which provides claims audit and beneficiary eligibility audit services to employers and managed care organizations. In December 2011, we acquired HDI Holdings, Inc. and its operating subsidiary, HealthDataInsights, Inc., or HDI. HDI offers a comprehensive suite of claims integrity services, including complex medical reviews, automated reviews, hospital bill audits, and pharmacy audits.  The acquisition of HDI extended our reach in the federal, state and commercial markets and provided us with a platform to expand service offerings to our existing clients.

These consolidated financial statements include our accounts and transactions and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries.  All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

We are managed and operated as one business, with a single management team that reports to the Chief Executive Officer. We do not operate separate lines of business with respect to any of our product lines.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, primarily accounts receivable, intangible assets, accrued expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Our actual results could differ from those estimates.

We consider all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist of deposits that are readily convertible into cash.

Our financial instruments are categorized into a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the category level is based on the lowest priority level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.  In the event the fair value is not readily available/determinable, the financial instrument is carried at cost and referred to as a cost method investment.  The evaluation of whether an investment’s fair value is less than cost is determined by using a disclosed fair value estimate, if one is available, otherwise, it is determined by evaluating whether an event or change in circumstances has occurred that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the

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investment (an impairment indicator).We are not aware of any identified events or change in circumstances that would have a significant adverse effect on the carrying value of our cost method investments. Financial instruments recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets are categorized as follows:

·           Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

·           Level 2: Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

·           Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

Our policy is to limit our credit exposure by placing our investments with financial institutions evaluated as being creditworthy, or in short-term money market funds which are exposed to minimal interest rate and credit risk. We maintain our cash in cash depository accounts and certificate of deposits within large financial institutions. The balance in certain of these accounts exceeds the maximum balance insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation of up to $250,000 per bank account. We have not experienced any losses on our bank deposits and we believe these deposits do not expose us to any significant credit risk.

We are subject to potential credit risk related to changes in economic conditions within the healthcare market. However, we believe that our billing and collection policies are adequate to minimize the potential credit risk.

We evaluate the recoverability of goodwill and long-lived assets either annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. Such circumstances could include, but are not limited to (i) a significant decrease in the market value of an asset, (ii) a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or (iii) an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition of an asset.

For long-lived assets, we measure the carrying amount of the asset against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with it. If the sum of the expected future net cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset being evaluated, an impairment charge would be recognized. The impairment charge would be calculated as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. The determination of fair value is based on quoted market prices, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, the estimate of fair value is based on various valuation techniques, including the discounted value of estimated future cash flows. We did not recognize any impairment charges related to our long-lived assets, property and equipment, goodwill or intangible assets, during the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, as management believes that carrying amounts were not impaired.

The carrying amounts for our cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

On May 2, 2012, our Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase shares of our common stock pursuant to a previously approved Share Repurchase Plan. Under the Plan, we repurchased 4,988,538 shares in 1997, at an average price of $1.88 per share.  In May 2012, we repurchased an additional 436,309 shares at an average price of $24.29 per share and completed the Share Repurchase Plan.  Repurchased shares will be available for use in connection with our stock plans and for other corporate purposes.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2011, Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued authoritative accounting guidance for updates on Fair Value Measurements, specifically, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. This update amends Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure,” clarifies the application of certain existing fair value measurement guidance and expands the disclosures for fair value measurements that are estimated using significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs. This authoritative guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2011. This new guidance is to be adopted prospectively and early adoption is not permitted.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2011, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-05 for the presentation of comprehensive income thereby amending ASC 220, Comprehensive Income. The amendment requires that all non-owner changes in stockholder’s equity be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011 and should be applied retrospectively.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

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In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment (the revised standard). Under the amendments in this ASU, an entity has an option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary.  This ASU is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011.  Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

2.            Acquisitions

The results of operations for our acquisitions have been included in our consolidated financial statements from the respective dates of acquisition.

HDI Holdings, Inc.

In December 2011, we purchased all of the issued and outstanding common stock of privately-held HDI for an aggregate consideration of $370.4 million, of which $366.6 million was cash. $40.0 million of the purchase price is being held in an indemnity escrow account until the first anniversary of the closing. In connection with acquisition, we issued replacement option awards with an aggregate fair value of $14.3 million, of which $3.8 million is attributable to the purchase price. The fair value of the replacement option awards and the amount included in the purchase price was calculated using a Black-Scholes model as of the acquisition date. These awards vest over 1-48 months and the portion not attributable to the purchase price will be expensed over that same time period.

Based in Las Vegas, Nevada, HDI provides improper payment identification services for government and commercial health plans, and is the Medicare RAC in CMS Region D, covering 17 states and three U.S. territories. HDI offers a comprehensive suite of claims integrity services, including complex medical reviews, automated reviews, hospital bill audits, and pharmacy audits.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in thousands):

In March 2012, upon finalization of net working capital adjustments related to the acquisition, we made an additional payment of $1.6 million to the former shareholders of HDI.

The above estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are provisional. They are based on the information that was available as of the acquisition date and as of June 30, 2012. We believe that this information provides a reasonable basis for estimating the fair values but we are still waiting for additional information necessary to finalize these amounts; as a result, the provisional measurements of fair value reflected above are subject to change. Such changes could be significant. We expect to finalize

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the valuation and complete the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the date of acquisition. The measurement period adjustments reflected above would have had a de minimis effect on the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2011.

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of the intangible assets acquired from HDI as of June 30, 2012 (in thousands):

We recognized $254.6 million of goodwill in connection with our acquisition of HDI, which is primarily attributable to expected synergies and HDI’s assembled workforce. We recognized $5.2 million of acquisition-related costs that were expensed during the year ended December 31, 2011. These costs are included in selling, general and administration expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2011.

The following represents our pro forma Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as if HDI had been included in our consolidated results for the three and six months ending June 30, 2011 (in thousands, except per share data):

These amounts have been calculated after applying our accounting policies and adjusting HDI’s results to reflect the additional depreciation, amortization and interest expense that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets had been applied on January 1, 2011, together with the consequential tax effects.

Allied Management Group - Special Investigation Unit, Inc.

In June 2010, we purchased all of the common stock of AMG-SIU for an aggregate purchase price of $15.1 million, consisting of a $13.0 million initial cash payment (subsequently reduced by a working capital reduction of $0.2 million) and future contingent payments estimated and recognized as of the acquisition date at $2.3 million. At closing, $3.5 million of the purchase price was held in escrow to be released in three annual payments: $1.8 million in July 2011 and $875,000 in July 2012 and 2013, of which the $1.8 million for 2011 has been released.  The future contingent payments are based on AMG-SIU’s financial performance for each of the twelve month periods ending June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2012 and are not subject to any cap. We did not make the 2011 contingent payment as AMG-SIU did not achieve the required financial milestone. Any contingent payment owed for the period ending June 30, 2012 is payable by September 30, 2012.

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3.            Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consisted of the following at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (in thousands):

Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets is expected to approximate the following (in thousands):

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2012 are as follows (in thousands):

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, amortization expense related to intangible assets was $6.1 million and $12.2 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, amortization expense related to intangible assets was $1.5 million and $3.0 million, respectively.

4.            Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate increased to 40.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2012 from 40.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2011, primarily due to a change in state apportionments and permanent differences. The principal difference between the statutory rate and our effective rate is state taxes and permanent differences. The primary permanent difference affecting effective tax rate is the compensation cost for book purposes of the incentive stock awards where no deferred tax asset is recognized.

We file income tax returns with the U.S. federal government and various state jurisdictions. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for years before 2008. We operate in a number of state and local jurisdictions, most of which have never audited our records. Accordingly, we are subject to state and local income tax examinations based upon the various statutes of limitations in each jurisdiction.  We are currently being examined by the States of New York and Idaho. HDI’s 2009 federal tax return is currently being examined by the Internal Revenue Service.

During the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, we recorded a tax benefit of $6.8 million and $7.0 million, respectively, related to the utilization of the income tax benefit from stock transactions by reducing income tax payable and increasing capital.

At June 30, 2012 and 2011, we had approximately $1.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of net unrecognized tax benefits,  for which there is uncertainty about the allocation and apportionment impacting state taxable income. We do not expect any significant change in unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months. We have recognized interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in tax expense. The accrued liabilities related to uncertain tax positions

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were $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the six month periods ending June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  We believe that it is reasonably possible that decreases in unrecognized tax benefits of up to $0.1 million may be recorded within the next year.

5.            Credit Agreement

In connection with our acquisition of HDI in December 2011, we entered into a five year, revolving and term secured credit agreement, which we refer to as the Credit Agreement, with certain financial institutions and Citibank, N.A. as Administrative Agent. The Credit Agreement is guaranteed by our material subsidiaries and is supported by a security interest in all or substantially all of our and our subsidiaries’ personal property assets. The Credit Agreement, which matures in December 2016, provides for a term loan of $350 million, or the Term Loan, which was used to finance a significant portion of our acquisition of HDI, and a revolving credit facility in an initial amount of $100 million. Through June 30, 2012, we had not borrowed under the revolving credit facility. Under specified circumstances, the revolving credit facility can be increased by up to $50 million in additional term or revolving loan commitments.

The interest rates applicable to both the Term Loan and the revolving credit facility are either (a) the LIBOR multiplied by a statutory reserve rate plus an interest margin ranging from 2.00% to 3.00% based on our consolidated leverage ratio or (b) a base rate plus an interest margin ranging from 1.00% to 2.00% based on our consolidated leverage ratio. The base rate is equal to the greatest of (a) Citibank’s prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% or (c) the one-month LIBOR plus 1.00%. The interest rate at June 30, 2012 was 3.50%. Including debt issuance costs and original issue discounts, the Term Loan has an effective annualized interest rate of approximately 4.8%. In addition, we are required to pay an unused commitment fee on the revolving credit facility during the term of the Credit Agreement of 0.50% per annum.

The Credit Agreement contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants. The Credit Agreement requires us to comply, on a quarterly basis, with certain principal financial covenants, including a maximum consolidated leverage ratio reducing from 4.00:1.00 to 3.50:1.00 over the next four years and a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.00:1.00. We were in compliance with the required financial covenants at June 30, 2012.  In addition, the Credit Agreement restricts our ability to make certain payments or distributions with respect to our capital stock, including cash dividends to our shareholders, or any payments to purchase, redeem, retire, acquire, cancel or terminate any shares of our capital stock, which we collectively refer to as restricted payments. However, we may make restricted payments (which include cash dividends) in an aggregate annual amount that does not exceed (i) $30,000,000 plus, if our consolidated leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement and calculated on a pro forma basis) is no greater than 3.00 to 1.00, plus (ii) an additional amount calculated under the Credit Agreement by reference to our then-existing excess cash flow, so long as, in any circumstance, no event of default would occur under the Credit Agreement as a result of making any such restricted payment. In addition, we may pay dividends to our shareholders in shares of our capital stock without limitation.

Our obligations under the Credit Agreement may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the Credit Agreement, which includes customary events of default including, without limitation, payment defaults, failure to perform affirmative covenants, failure to refrain from actions or omissions prohibited by negative covenants, the inaccuracy of representations or warranties, cross-defaults, bankruptcy and insolvency related defaults, defaults relating to judgments, defaults due to certain ERISA related events and a change of control default.

The Term Loan requires scheduled quarterly principal payments of $4.4 million through December 31, 2012, $8.8 million through December 31, 2014, $21.8 million through December 31, 2015 and $43.8 million through December 16, 2016. As of June 30, 2012, we had made two quarterly principal payments totaling $8.8 million.

For the six months ended June 30, 2012, we incurred $6.2 million of interest on the outstanding Term Loan and incurred $0.3 million in commitment fees on the revolving credit facility. The loan origination fee and issuance costs of $12.7 million incurred upon consummation of the Credit Agreement have been recorded as deferred financing costs and are being amortized as interest expense over the five year life of the Credit Agreement using the effective interest method. For the six months ended June 30, 2012, $1.9 million of the financing cost has been amortized to interest expense.

Although we expect that operating cash flows will continue to be a primary source of liquidity for our operating needs, we have the revolving credit facility, which may be used for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, available for future cash flow needs, if necessary.

In June 2011, we purchased a certificate of deposit in the amount of $4.8 million to collateralize an existing irrevocable standby letter of credit or Letter of Credit that we entered into as part of our contractual agreement with a client. The certificate of deposit is included within other current assets on our balance sheet. This Letter of Credit expired as of July 31, 2012. A new letter of credit was immediately reestablished against our existing revolving credit facility.

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6.            Earnings Per Share

Basic income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period.  Our common share equivalents consist of stock options and restricted stock awards and units.

The following table reconciles the basic to diluted weighted average shares outstanding using the treasury stock method (shares in thousands):

For the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, 897,368 and 231,225 stock options, respectively, were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, restricted stock units representing 50,721 and 50,211 shares of common stock, respectively, were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

For the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, 485,837 and 554,526 stock options, respectively, were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, restricted stock units representing 50,818 and 37,170 shares of common stock, respectively, were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

7.            Stock-Based Compensation

Total stock-based compensation expense charged as a selling, general and administrative expense in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income related to our stock compensation plans was $3.4 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011, respectively, and $7.1 million and $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011, respectively.

The total income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense recognized in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income was $1.3 million and $3.7 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and $6.8 million and $7.0 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Presented below is a summary of our stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2012 (shares in thousands):

The fair value of each option grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Expected volatilities are calculated based on the historical volatility of our common stock. Management monitors stock option exercises and employee termination patterns to estimate forfeiture rates within the valuation model. Separate groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately for valuation purposes. The expected holding period of options represents the period of

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time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected terms of options granted are based upon our historical experience for similar types of stock option awards. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury Notes.

We estimated the fair value of each stock option grant on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the weighted-average assumptions set forth in the following table:

During the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, we issued 0.2 million shares, and 0.3 million shares, respectively, of our common stock upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and received proceeds of $1.8 million, and $1.5 million, respectively.  For the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, we realized a tax benefit of $1.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively from the exercise of stock options.

For the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, we issued 0.9 million shares, and 1.3 million shares, respectively, of our common stock upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and received proceeds of $7.5 million, and $7.8 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, we realized $6.8 million and $7.0 million, respectively in tax benefits from the exercise of stock options.

For the three months ended June 30, 2012, and 2011, approximately $2.4 million, and $1.2 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation cost relating to stock options has been charged against income. For the six months ended June 30, 2012, and 2011, approximately $5.2 million, and $2.7 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation cost relating to stock options has been charged against income.  As of June 30, 2012, there was approximately $17.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to stock options outstanding, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years.

The aggregate intrinsic value in the previous table reflects the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between our closing stock price on the last trading day of the period and the exercise price of the options, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on June 30, 2012. The intrinsic value of our stock options changes based on the closing price of our common stock. The total intrinsic value of options exercised (the difference in the market price of our common stock on the exercise date and the price paid by the optionee to exercise the option) for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $5.0 million and $5.2 million, respectively.  The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the six month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 was $20.9 million and $23.2 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

Certain employees have received restricted stock units under our 2006 Stock Plan, as amended. In October 2011 and 2010, our Board of Directors also received restricted stock units under the 2006 Stock Plan, as amended.  The fair value of restricted stock units is estimated based on the closing sale price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on the date of issuance. The total number of restricted stock units expected to vest is adjusted by estimated forfeiture rates.

For the three months ended June 30, 2012, we granted 3,581 restricted stock units, with an aggregate fair market value of $0.1 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2012, we granted 4,119 restricted stock units, with an aggregate fair market value of $0.1 million. At June 30, 2012, 457,857 restricted stock units remained unvested and there was $8.0 million of unamortized compensation cost related to restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 1.8 years.  Stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units was $0.8 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively and $1.5 million and $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

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A summary of the status of our restricted stock units as of June 30, 2012 and of changes in restricted stock units outstanding under the 2006 Stock Plan, as amended,  for the six months ended June 30, 2012 is as follows (in thousands, except for weighted average grant date fair value per unit):

Restricted Stock Awards

Our executive officers have received grants of restricted stock awards under the 2006 Stock Plan. The vesting of restricted stock awards is subject to the executive officers’ continued employment with us. Recipients of restricted stock awards are not required to provide us with any consideration other than rendering service. Holders of restricted stock are permitted to vote and to receive dividends.

The stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock awards is determined based on the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date of the awards applied to the total number of awards that are anticipated to fully vest. Upon the vesting of the restricted stock awards, shares withheld to pay taxes are retired. We did not issue restricted stock awards during the six months ended June 30, 2012. At June 30, 2012 approximately 191,880 shares underlying restricted stock awards remained unvested and there was approximately $1.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of 1.1 years. Stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards was $0.2 million for each of the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, and $0.4 million for each of the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011.

A summary of the status of our restricted stock awards at June 30, 2012 and of changes in restricted stock awards outstanding under the 2006 Stock Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2012 is as follows (in thousands, except for weighted average grant date fair value):

The total fair value of restricted stock awards vested during the six months ended June 30, 2012 was $1.0 million.

8.             Subsequent Events

In connection with the preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements, an evaluation of subsequent events was performed through the date these Consolidated Financial Statements were issued and there are no other events that have occurred that would require adjustments or disclosure to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 2.           Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

We begin Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations with a discussion of the critical accounting policies that we believe are important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results. We then present a business overview followed by a discussion of our results of operations. Lastly, we provide an analysis of our liquidity and capital resources, including discussions of our cash flows, sources of capital and financial commitments.

The following discussions and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the other sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, including the Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplemental Data thereto appearing in Part II, Item 8 of the Annual Report, the Risk Factors appearing in Part I, Item 1A of the Annual Report and Part II of this 10-Q, and the disclaimer regarding forward-looking statements appearing at the beginning of Part I, Item 1 of the Annual Report. Historical results set forth in Part II, Item 6, Item 7 and Item 8 of the Annual Report should not be taken as necessarily indicative of our future operations.

Critical Accounting Policies

Since the date of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies.

General Overview

We provide cost containment services to government and private healthcare payers and sponsors. Our services ensure that healthcare claims are paid correctly, through our program integrity services, and by the responsible party, through our coordination of benefits services.  Our services help clients recover amounts from liable third parties; prevent future inappropriate payments; reduce fraud, waste and abuse; and ensure regulatory compliance.

Our clients are state Medicaid agencies, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, Medicaid and Medicare managed care plans, government and private employers, Pharmacy Benefit Managers, or PBMs, child support agencies, the Veterans Health Administration, or VHA, commercial plans, and other healthcare payers.

Since our inception we have grown both organically and through targeted acquisitions.  In 1985 we began providing coordination of benefits services to state Medicaid agencies. As Medicaid began to migrate members to managed care, we expanded into the Medicaid managed care market, providing the same coordination of benefits services.  We launched our program integrity services in 2007 and have since acquired several businesses: Permedion, Inc., Prudent Rx, and Allied Management Group — Special Investigations Unit, Inc., or AMG-SIU, to build out our service offerings. In 2009, we entered the Medicare market with our acquisition of IntegriGuard, LLC, or IntegriGuard, which provides fraud, waste and abuse analytical services to the Medicare program.  In 2009 and 2010, we entered the commercial market working with large self-funded employers through our acquisitions of Verify Solutions, Inc. and Chapman Kelly, Inc.

In December 2011, we acquired privately-held HDI Holdings, Inc. and its operating subsidiary, HealthDataInsights, Inc., or HDI. Based in Las Vegas, Nevada, HDI provides improper payment identification services for government and commercial health plans, and is the Medicare Recovery Audit Contractor (RAC) in CMS Region D, covering 17 states and three U.S. territories. HDI offers a comprehensive suite of claims integrity services, including complex medical reviews, automated reviews, hospital bill audits, and pharmacy audits.  The acquisition of HDI extends our reach in the federal, state and commercial markets and provides us with an immediate platform to expand service offerings to our existing clients.

In connection with our acquisition of HDI, we entered into a five year, revolving and term secured credit agreement, which we refer to as the Credit Agreement, with certain financial institutions and Citibank, N.A. as Administrative Agent.  The Credit Agreement is guaranteed by our material subsidiaries and is supported by a security interest in all or substantially all of our, and our subsidiaries’, personal property assets. The Credit Agreement, which matures in December 2016, provides for a term loan of $350 million, or the Term Loan, which was used to finance our acquisition of HDI, and a revolving credit facility in an initial amount of $100 million.  As of June 30, 2012, we had not borrowed under the revolving credit facility.  Under specified circumstances, the revolving credit facility can be increased by up to $50 million in additional term or revolving loan commitments

At June 30, 2012, our cash and cash equivalents and net working capital were $105.4 million and $186.6 million, respectively. Our revenue, most of which is derived from contingency fees, has increased at an average compounded rate of approximately 32.9% per year for the last five years. Our growth has been attributable to our expansion of existing product offerings and acquisitions, as well as an overall increase in Medicaid costs, which has historically averaged approximately 8% annually.  In addition, state governments have increased their use of vendors for the coordination of benefits and other cost containment functions, and we have been able to increase our revenue through these initiatives.  Leveraging our work on behalf of state Medicaid fee-for-

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service programs, we have penetrated the Medicaid managed care market, into which more Medicaid lives are being shifted.  In addition to acting as a subcontractor for certain business outsourcing and technology firms, as of June 30, 2012, we served the District of Columbia and 44 state Medicaid programs, and 148 Medicaid health plans under an aggregate of 70 contracts.

To date, we have grown our business through the internal development of new services and through acquisitions of businesses whose core services strengthen our overall mission to help our clients control healthcare costs.  In addition, we leverage our expertise to acquire new clients at the state, federal and employer levels and to expand our current contracts to provide new services to current clients. We are continuously evaluating opportunities that will enable us to expand the breadth of the services we provide and will consider acquisition opportunities that enable us to continue to grow our business to address the increasing needs of the healthcare industry in the post-healthcare reform era.

In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, was signed into law. Since that time, numerous lawsuits were filed against the ACA, ultimately leading to a review of its constitutionality by the US Supreme Court.  In June 2012, the Court addressed two overarching elements of the ACA, including the requirement that States add new categories of beneficiaries to their Medicaid programs or risk losing all their federal Medicaid funding (the Medicaid expansion).  While upholding the constitutionality of the ACA, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not condition continued receipt of a State’s existing Medicaid funding on its agreement to implement the Medicaid expansion.

The ACA includes a number of provisions for combating fraud and abuse throughout the healthcare system. Although healthcare reform remains an area of heightened political debate, we believe that there is strong bipartisan support for containing healthcare costs through the identification, prevention, and recovery of fraud, waste, and abuse throughout the healthcare system, our core capability.  We plan to develop and build on existing partnerships with states, the federal government, health plans, and partners to provide services that address these provisions and assist clients with their cost containment objectives.

In addition to the information provided below, you should refer to the items disclosed as our Critical Accounting Policies in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report.

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SUMMARY OF OPERATING RESULTS

Three Months Ended June 30, 2012 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2011

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain items in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income expressed as a percentage of revenue:

Revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2012 was $120.1 million, an increase of $30.8 million, or 34.4%, compared to revenue of $89.3 million in the same quarter for the prior year. Organic growth in existing client accounts, together with changes in the yield and scope of those projects, and differences in the timing of when client projects were completed in the current year compared to the prior year, provided $6.9 million of the increase in revenue. Revenue generated by HDI, which we acquired in 2011, provided $23.8 million of the increase in revenue and revenue generated by eighteen new clients for whom there was no revenue in the prior year provided $2.1 million of the increase.  Contract expirations resulted in a revenue decrease of $2.0 million.

Compensation expense as a percentage of revenue was 33.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2012, compared to 35.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2011. Compensation expense for the current quarter was $40.0 million, an $8.5 million, or 27.0%, increase over compensation expense of $31.5 million for the same quarter in the prior year.  During the quarter ended June 30, 2012, we averaged 2,171 employees, a 33.3% increase over our average of 1,629 employees during the quarter ended June 30, 2011.  This increase reflects the addition of HDI staff in connection with our 2011 acquisition, and the addition of staff in the areas of client support, technical support and operations.

Data processing expense as a percentage of revenue was 6.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2012, compared to 6.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2011. Data processing expense was $8.0 million for the current quarter, an increase of $2.3 million, or 42.0%, over data processing expense of $5.7 million for the same quarter in the prior year. Revenue growth as well as acquisitions drove the need for increased capacity in our data processing environment. This increase reflects $1.2 million in additional software related costs, $0.6 million in additional hardware and hosting costs, and $0.5 million in additional data communications and data costs due to the growth of our business, including increases in transaction volume and the number of employees.

Occupancy expense as a percentage of revenue was 3.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2012, compared to 4.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2011. Occupancy expense for the current quarter was $4.2 million, a $0.5 million, or 12.6%, increase compared to occupancy expense of $3.7 million for the same quarter in the prior year. This increase primarily reflects $0.4 million in additional rent and related expense resulting from our acquisition of HDI in December 2011.

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Direct project expense as a percentage of revenue was 11.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2012, compared to 12.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2011.  Direct project expense for the current quarter was $13.2 million, a $2.1 million, or 19.3%, increase compared to direct project expense of $11.1 million for the same quarter in the prior year. This increase resulted from a $3.0 million increase related to HDI direct project expenses, and a $0.4 million increase for data conversion fees, partially offset by a $1.2 million decrease for subcontractor expenses and a $0.1 million decrease for postage and delivery fees.

Other operating costs as a percentage of revenue were 5.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2012 compared to 5.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2011. Other operating costs for the current quarter were $6.0 million, an increase of $1.4 million, or 30.2%, compared to operating costs of $4.6 million for the same quarter in the prior year.  This increase primarily resulted from a $1.2 million increase in professional fees, and a $0.2 million increase in travel expense.

Amortization of acquisition-related software and intangibles as a percentage of revenue was 6.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2012, compared to 1.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2011. Amortization of acquisition-related software and intangibles for the current quarter was $8.1 million, compared to amortization expense of $1.6 million for the same quarter in the prior year.  The increase in amortization expense of $6.5 million is primarily related to our acquisition of HDI.

Selling, general, and administrative expense as a percentage of revenue was 12.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2012 compared to 11.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2011.  Selling, general, and administrative expense for the current quarter was $14.9 million, a $4.2 million, or 39.4%, increase compared to $10.7 million for the same quarter in the prior year.  During the quarter ended June 30, 2012, we averaged 209 corporate employees, an 80.2% increase over our average of 116 corporate employees during the quarter ended June 30, 2011.  Compensation expense increased by $3.7 million due to the increase in headcount and stock compensation expense.  Data processing expense increased by $0.4 million relating to expenses for hosting services and disaster recovery preparedness.  Occupancy expenses increased by $0.1 million due to additional space requirements.

Operating income for the three months ended June 30, 2012 was $25.6 million, an increase of $5.1 million, or 25.1%, compared to $20.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011.

Interest expense was $4.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and $23,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2011.  Interest expense represents borrowings under our Term Loan, amortization of deferred financing costs, commitment fees for our Credit Agreement and issuance fees for our irrevocable standby letter of credit or Letter of Credit. The increase of $4.2 million compared to the prior year period primarily represents $3.1 million in interest expense on our Term Loan and $1.0 million in related amortization of deferred financing costs.  Interest income was $2,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2012, compared to interest income of $16,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2011.  Net other income primarily relating to rental income from our office space in Irving, Texas was $209,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2012 compared to income of $277,000 in the prior year period.

We recorded income tax expense of $8.7 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2012, compared to income tax expense of $8.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011, an increase of $0.4 million.  Our effective tax rate decreased to 40.0% for the quarter ended June 30, 2012 from 40.1% for the quarter ended June 30, 2011, primarily due to a change in state apportionments and permanent differences. The principal difference between the statutory rate and our effective rate are state taxes and permanent differences. The primary permanent difference affecting effective tax rate is the compensation cost for book purposes of the incentive stock awards where no deferred tax asset is recognized.

Net income of $13.0 million in the current quarter represents an increase of $0.6 million, or 4.5%, compared to net income of $12.4 million in the same quarter for the prior year.

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Six Months Ended June 30, 2012 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2011

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain items in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income expressed as a percentage of revenue: