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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-K

Commission File Number 0-15760

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HARDINGE INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(607) 734-2281
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

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Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o    No ý

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15 (d). Yes o    No ý

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted to its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý    No o

         Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definite proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendments to this Form 10-K. o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

         Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined by Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes o    No ý

         The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2012 was $103.3 million, based on the closing price of common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on June 29, 2012.

         There were 11,758,543 shares of Hardinge stock outstanding as of March 8, 2013.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

         Portions of Hardinge Inc.'s Proxy Statement for its 2013 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Commission on or about March 27, 2013 are incorporated by reference to Part III of this Form 10-K.

   

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
2012 Annual Report
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PART I

ITEM 1.—BUSINESS

General

        Hardinge Inc.'s principal executive office is located within Chemung County at One Hardinge Drive, Elmira, New York 14902-1507. Unless otherwise mentioned or unless the context requires otherwise, all references to "Hardinge," "we," "us," "our," "the Company" or similar references mean Hardinge Inc. and its subsidiaries.

        Our website, www.hardinge.com, provides links to all of the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. A copy of this annual report on Form 10-K and our other annual, quarterly, current reports, and amendments thereto filed with SEC are available on the website or can be obtained free of charge by contacting the Investor Relations Department at our principal executive office. Alternatively, such reports may be accessed at the Internet address of the SEC, which is www.sec.gov, or at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Information about the operation of the SEC's Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.

        We are a global designer, manufacturer and distributor of machine tools, specializing in precision computer numerically controlled metal-cutting machines. The Company has the following direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries:

        We have manufacturing facilities located in China, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United Kingdom ("U.K.") and the United States ("U.S."). We manufacture the majority of the products we sell.

Products

        We supply high precision computer controlled metal-cutting turning machines, grinding machines, vertical machining centers, and accessories related to those machines. We believe our products are known for accuracy, reliability, durability and value.

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        We have been a manufacturer of industrial-use high precision and general precision turning machine tools since 1890. Turning machines, or lathes, are power-driven machines used to remove material from either bar stock or a rough-formed part by moving multiple cutting tools against the surface of a part rotating at very high speeds in a spindle mechanism. The multi-directional movement of the cutting tools allows the part to be shaped to the desired dimensions. On parts produced by our machines, those dimensions are often measured in millionths of an inch. We consider Hardinge to be a leader in the field of producing machines capable of consistently and cost-effectively producing parts to very close dimensions.

        Grinding is a machining process in which a part's surface is shaped to closer tolerances with a rotating abrasive wheel or tool. Grinding machines can be used to finish parts of various shapes and sizes. The grinding machines of our Kellenberger subsidiary are used to grind the inside and outside diameters of cylindrical parts. Such grinding machines are typically used to provide a more exact finish on a part that has been partially completed on a lathe. The grinding machines of Kellenberger, which are manufactured in both computer and manually controlled models, are generally purchased by the same type of customers as other Hardinge equipment and further our ability to be a primary source for our customers.

        Our Kellenberger precision grinding technology is complemented by our Hauser and Tschudin grinding brands. Hauser machines are jig grinders used to make demanding contour components, primarily for tool and mold-making applications. Tschudin product technology is focused on the specialized grinding of cylindrical parts when the customer requires high volume production. Our Tschudin machines are generally equipped with automatic loading and unloading mechanisms for the part being machined. These loading and unloading mechanisms significantly reduce the level of involvement a machine operator has to perform in the production process.

        During 2010, the Company established Jones & Shipman Grinding Limited after acquiring the assets of Jones and Shipman, a UK-based manufacturer of grinding and super-abrasive machines and machining systems. Jones & Shipman manufactures and distributes a range of high-quality grinding (surface, creep feed and cylindrical) machines used by a diverse range of industries.

        In 2012, the Company acquired Usach Technologies, Inc. ("Usach"), an Illinois-based manufacturer of high precision internal and external grinding machines and systems. The acquisition of Usach complements and enhances our grinding product portfolio.

        Machining centers are designed to remove material from stationary, prismatic or box-like parts of various shapes with rotating tools that are capable of milling, drilling, tapping, reaming and routing. Machining centers have mechanisms that automatically change tools based on commands from a built-in computer control without the assistance of an operator. Machining centers are generally purchased by the same customers who purchase other Hardinge equipment. We supply a broad line of machining centers under our Bridgeport brand name addressing a range of sizes, speeds, and powers.

        Our machines are generally computer controlled and use commands from an integrated computer to control the movement of cutting tools, grinding wheels, part positioning, and in the case of turning and grinding machines, the rotation speeds of the part being shaped. The computer control enables the operator to program operations such as part rotation, tooling selection, and tooling movement for a specific part and then stores that program in memory for future use. The machines are able to produce parts while left unattended when connected to automatic bar-feeding, robotics equipment, or other material handling devices designed to supply raw materials and remove machined parts from the machine.

        New products are critical to our growth plans. We gain access to new products through internal product development, acquisitions, joint ventures, license agreements, and partnerships. Products are introduced each year to both broaden our product offering, to take advantage of new technologies

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available to us, and to replace older models nearing the end of their respective product life cycles. These technologies generally allow our machines to run at higher speeds and with more power, thus increasing their efficiency. Customers routinely replace old machines with newer machines that can produce parts faster and with less time to set up the machine when converting from one type of part to another. Generally, our machines can be used to produce parts from all of the standard ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as plastics, composites, and exotic materials.

        We focus on products and solutions for companies making parts from hard to machine materials with hard to sustain close tolerances and hard to achieve surface finishes and which also may be hard to hold in the machine. We believe that with our high precision and super precision lathes, our grinding machines, and our rugged machining centers, combined with our accessory products and our technical expertise, we are uniquely qualified to be the supplier of choice for customers manufacturing to demanding specifications.

        On many of our machines, multiple options are available which allow customers to customize their machines to their specific operating performance and cost objectives. We produce machines for stock with popular option combinations for immediate delivery, as well as design and produce machines to specific customer requirements. In addition to our machines, we provide the necessary tooling, accessories, and support services to assist customers in maximizing their return on investment.

        The sale of repair parts is important to our business. Certain parts on machines wear out, fail, or need to be replaced due to misuse over time. Customers will buy parts from us throughout the life of the machine, which typically extends over many years. There are thousands of machines in operation in the world for which we provide those repair parts and in many cases the parts are available exclusively from us. In addition, we offer an extensive line of accessories including workholding, toolholding, and other industrial support products, which may be used on both our machines and those produced by others.

        We offer various warranties on our equipment and consider post-sale support to be a critical element of our business. Warranties on machines typically extend for twelve months after purchase. Services provided include operation and maintenance training, in-field maintenance, and in-field repair. We offer these post sales support services on a paid basis throughout the life of the machine. In territories covered by distributors, this support and service is offered through the distributor.

Sales, Markets and Distribution

        We sell our products in most of the industrialized countries of the world through a combination of distributors, agents, and manufacturers' representatives. In certain areas of China, France, Germany, Netherlands, North America, and the United Kingdom, we have also used a direct sales force for portions of our product lines. Generally, our distributors have an exclusive right to sell our products in a defined geographic area. Our distributors operate as independent businesses and purchase products from us at discounted prices for their customers, while agents and representatives sell products on our behalf and receive commissions on sales. Our discount schedule is adjusted to reflect the level of pre and post sales support offered by our distributors. Our direct sales personnel earn a fixed salary plus commission. Sales through distributors are made only on standard commercial open account terms or through letters of credit. Distributors generally take title to products upon shipment from our facilities and do not have any special return privileges.

        Our non-machine products are sold in the U.S. mainly through direct telephone orders to a toll-free telephone number and via our web site at www.shophardinge.com. In most cases, we are able to package and ship in-stock tooling and repair parts within 24 hours of receiving orders. We can package and ship items with heavy demand within a few hours. In other parts of the world, these products are sold on either a direct sales basis or through distributor arrangements.

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        We promote recognition of our products in the marketplace through advertising in trade publications, web presences, email newsletters, and participation in industry trade shows. In addition, we market our non-machine products through publication of general catalogues and other targeted catalogues, which we distribute to existing and prospective customers. We have a considerable presence on the internet at www.hardinge.com where customers can obtain information about our products and place orders for workholding, rotary, knee mill products and repair parts.

        A substantial portion of our end use customers are small and medium-sized independent job shops, which in turn sell machined parts to their industrial customers. Industries directly and indirectly served by us include aerospace, automotive, computer, communications, consumer-electronics, construction equipment, defense, energy, farm equipment, medical equipment, recreational equipment, and transportation.

        No single customer or related group of customers accounted for more than 10% our consolidated sales in 2012 or 2011. While valuing our relationship with each customer, we do not believe that the loss of any single customer, or any few customers, would have an adverse material effect on our business.

        Hardinge Inc. operates in a single business segment, industrial machine tools.

Competitive Conditions

        In our industry, the barriers to entry for competition vary based on the level of product performance required. For the products with the highest performance in terms of accuracy and productivity, the barriers are generally technical in nature. For basic products, often the barriers are not technical; they are tied to product availability, competitive price position, and an effective distribution model that offers the pre and post sales support required by customers. Another significant barrier in the global machine tool industry is the high level of working capital that is required to operate the business.

        We compete in various sectors of the machine tool market within the products of turning, milling, grinding and workholding. We compete with numerous vendors in each market sector we serve. The primary competitive factors in the marketplace for our machine tools are reliability, price, delivery time, service, and technological characteristics. Our management considers our segment of the industry to be extremely competitive. There are many manufacturers of machine tools in the world. They can be categorized by the size of material their products can machine and the precision level their products can achieve. For our high precision, multi-tasking turning and milling equipment, competition comes primarily from companies such as Mori-Seiki, Mazak, and Okuma, which are based in Japan, and DMG, which is based in Germany. Competition in our more standard turning and milling equipment comes, in part, from those companies as well as Doosan, which is based in South Korea, and Haas which is based in the U.S., as well as many Taiwanese companies. Our cylindrical grinding machines compete primarily with Studer, a Swiss Company as well as Toyoda and Shigiya, which are based in Japan. Our Hauser jig grinding machines compete primarily with Moore Tool, which is based in the U.S., and some Japanese suppliers. Our surface grinding machines compete with Okamoto in Japan and Chevalier in Taiwan. Our accessories products compete with many smaller companies.

        The overall number of our competitors providing product solutions serving our target markets may increase. Also, the overall composition of companies with which we compete may change as we broaden our product offerings and the geographic markets we serve. As we expand into new market areas, we will face competition not only from our existing competitors but from other competitors as well, including existing companies with strong technological, marketing and sales positions in those markets. In addition, several of our competitors may have greater resources, including financial, technical, and engineering resources, than we do.

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Sources and Availability of Components

        We produce certain of our lathes, knee mills, and related products at our Elmira, New York plant. The Kellenberger grinding machines and related products are manufactured at our St. Gallen, Switzerland plant and Hauser and Tschudin products are produced at our Biel, Switzerland facility. The Jones & Shipman grinding machines are manufactured at our Leicester, England plant. The Usach grinding machines are manufactured at our Elgin, Illinois plant. We produce machining centers and lathes at our facilities in Hardinge Taiwan in Nan Tou, Taiwan and Hardinge Precision Machinery (Jiaxing) Company, Ltd. in Jiaxing, China. We manufacture products from various raw materials, including cast iron, sheet metal, and bar steel. We purchase a number of components, sub-assemblies and assemblies from outside suppliers, including the computer and electronic components for our computer controlled lathes, grinding machines, and machining centers. There are multiple suppliers for virtually all of our raw material, components, sub-assemblies and assemblies and historically, we have not experienced a serious supply interruption. However, in 2011, because of the increase in demand driven by early 2011 worldwide order activity, producers of bearings, ball screws, and linear guides had difficulty meeting the rise in demand. Similar demand increase in the future could impact our production schedules.

        A major component of our computer controlled machines is the computer and related electronics package. We purchase these components from Fanuc Limited, a Japanese electronics company, Heidenhain, a German control supplier, or from Siemens, another German control manufacturer. While we believe that design changes could be made to our machines to allow sourcing from several other existing suppliers, and we occasionally do so for special orders, a disruption in the supply of the computer controls from one of our suppliers could cause us to experience a substantial disruption of our operations, depending on the circumstances at the time. We purchase parts from these suppliers under normal trade terms. There are no agreements with these suppliers to purchase minimum volumes per year.

Research and Development

        Our ongoing research and development program involves creating new products, modifying existing products to meet market demands, and redesigning existing products, both to add new functionality and to reduce the cost of manufacturing. The research and development departments throughout the world are staffed with experienced design engineers with varying levels of education, ranging from technical to doctoral degrees.

        The worldwide cost of research and development, all of which has been charged to cost of goods sold, amounted to $12.1 million, $12.2 million and $9.4 million, in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Patents

        Although we hold several patents with respect to certain of our products, we do not believe that our business is dependent to any material extent upon any single patent or group of patents.

Seasonal Trends and Working Capital Requirements

        Hardinge's business and that of the machine tool industry in general, is cyclical. It is not subject to significant seasonal trends. However, our quarterly results are subject to fluctuation based on the timing of our shipments of machine tools, which are largely dependent upon customer delivery requirements. Given that a large percentage of our sales are from Asia, the impact of plant shutdowns in that region by us and our customers due to the celebration of the Lunar New Year holiday may impact the first quarter sales, income from operations, and net income, and result in the first quarter being the lowest quarter of the year.

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        The ability to deliver products within a short period of time is an important competitive criterion. We must have inventory on hand to meet customers' delivery expectations, which for standard machines typically range from immediate to eight weeks delivery. Meeting this requirement is especially difficult with some of our products, where delivery is extended due to time associated with shipping on ocean-going vessels, depending on the location of the customer. This creates a need to have inventory of finished machines available in our major markets to serve our customers in a timely manner.

        We deliver many of our machine products within one to two months after the order. Some orders, especially multiple machine orders, are delivered on a turnkey basis with the machine or group of machines configured to make certain parts for the customer. This type of order often includes the addition of material handling equipment, tooling and specific programming. In those cases the customer usually observes and inspects the parts being made on the machine at our facility before it is shipped and the timing of the sale is dependent upon the customer's schedule and acceptance. Therefore, sales from quarter-to-quarter can vary depending upon the timing of those customers' acceptances and the significance of those orders.

        We feel it is important, where practical, to provide readily available workholding and replacement parts for the machines we sell and we carry inventory at levels sufficient to meet these customer requirements.

Governmental Regulations

        We believe that our current operations and our current uses of property, plant and equipment conform in all material respects to applicable laws and regulations in the multiple countries in which we conduct business.

Governmental Contracts

        No material portion of our business is subject to government contracts.

Environmental Matters

        Our operations are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to environmental matters. Certain environmental laws can impose joint and several liabilities for releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances upon certain statutorily defined parties regardless of fault or the lawfulness of the original activity or disposal. Hazardous substances and adverse environmental effects have been identified with respect to real property we own and on adjacent parcels of real property.

        In particular, our Elmira, New York manufacturing facility is located within the Kentucky Avenue Wellfield on the National Priorities List of hazardous waste sites designated for cleanup by the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") because of groundwater contamination. The Kentucky Avenue Wellfield Site (the "Site") encompasses an area which includes sections of the Town of Horseheads and the Village of Elmira Heights in Chemung County, New York. In February 2006, the Company received a Special Notice Concerning a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study ("RI/FS") for the Koppers Pond (the "Pond") portion of the Site. The EPA documented the release and threatened release of hazardous substances into the environment at the Site, including releases into and in the vicinity of the Pond. The hazardous substances, including metals and polychlorinated biphenyls, have been detected in sediments in the Pond.

        Until receipt of this Special Notice in February 2006, the Company had never been named as a potentially responsible party ("PRP") at the Site nor had the Company received any requests for information from the EPA concerning the Site. Environmental sampling on our property within this Site under supervision of regulatory authorities had identified off-site sources for such groundwater

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contamination and sediment contamination in the Pond, and found no evidence that our operations or property have contributed or are contributing to the contamination. We have notified all appropriate insurance carriers and are actively cooperating with them, but whether coverage will be available has not yet been determined and possible insurance recovery cannot now be estimated with any degree of certainty.

        A substantial portion of the Pond is located on our property. The Company, along with Beazer East, Inc., the Village of Horseheads, the Town of Horseheads, the County of Chemung, CBS Corporation and Toshiba America, Inc., the PRPs, have agreed to voluntarily participate in the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study ("RI/FS") by signing an Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order of Consent on September 29, 2006. On September 29, 2006, the Director of Emergency and Remedial Response Division of the EPA, Region II, approved and executed the Agreement on behalf of the EPA. The PRPs also signed a PRP Member Agreement, agreeing to share the cost of the RI/FS study on a per capita basis.

        The EPA approved the RI/FS Work Plan in May of 2008. On September 7, 2011, the PRPs submitted the draft Remedial Investigation Report to the EPA and on January 10, 2013, the draft Feasibility Study. The draft Feasibility Study identified alternative remedial actions with estimated life-cycle costs ranging from $0.7 million to $3.4 million. We estimate that our portion of the potential costs range from $0.1 million to $0.5 million.

        Based on the current estimated costs of the various remedial alternatives now under consideration by the EPA, we have recorded a reserve of $0.2 million for the Company's share of remediation expenses at the Pond. This reserve is reported as an accrued expense on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

        We believe, based upon information currently available that, except as described in the preceding paragraphs, we will not have material liabilities for environmental remediation. Though the foregoing reflects the Company's current assessment as it relates to environmental remediation obligations, it is possible that future remedial requirements or changes in the enforcement of existing laws and regulations, which are subject to extensive regulatory discretion, will result in material liabilities to the Company.

Employees

        As of December 31, 2012, Hardinge Inc. employed 1,417 persons, 435 of whom were located in the United States. Management believes that relations with our employees are good.

Foreign Operations and Export Sales

        Information related to foreign and domestic operations and sales is included in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report. Our strategy has been to diversify our sales and operations geographically so that the impact of economic trends in different regions can be balanced.

        The risks associated with conducting business on an international basis are discussed further in Item 1A—Risk Factors.

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Item 1A.—RISK FACTORS

        The various risks related to the Company's business include the risks described below. The business, financial condition or results of operations of Hardinge Inc. could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. The risks and uncertainties described below or elsewhere in this Form 10-K are not the only ones to which we are exposed. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business and operations. If any of the matters included in the following risks were to occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects could be materially adversely affected.

Our customers' activity levels and spending for our products and services have been impacted by the current global economic conditions, especially deterioration in the credit markets.

        For many of our customers, the purchase of our machines represents a significant capital expenditure. For others, the purchase of our machines is a part of a larger improvement or expansion of manufacturing capability. For all, the purchase represents a long term commitment of capital raised by incurrence of debt, issuance of equity or use of cash flow from operations. Current global economic and financial difficulties across the world are well documented. Governments in Europe, Asia and the U.S. have intervened in an effort to improve conditions. These interventions may have reduced the overall impact of the crisis which began in 2008, but have also themselves caused instability, uncertainty and doubt which continue to the present. As a result, many of our customers have uncertain cash flows and have reduced access to credit and equity markets, all of which make commitment to larger long term capital projects difficult.

Changes in general economic conditions and the cyclical nature of our business could harm our operating results.

        Our business is cyclical in nature, following the strength and weakness of the manufacturing economies in the geographic markets we serve. As a result of this cyclicality, we have experienced, and in the future we can be expected to experience, significant fluctuations in sales and operating income, which may affect our business, operating results, financial condition and the market price of our common shares.

        The following factors, among others, significantly influence demand for our products:

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Fluctuations in capacity at both OEMs and job shops;



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The availability of skilled machinists;



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The need to replace machines that have reached the end of their useful life;



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The need to replace older machines with new technology that increases productivity, reduces general manufacturing costs, and machines parts in a new way;



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The evolution of end-use products requiring machining to more specific tolerances;



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Our customers' use of new materials requiring machining by different processes;



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General economic and manufacturing industry expansions and contractions; and



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Changes in manufacturing capabilities in developing regions.

Our competitive position and prospects for growth may be diminished if we are unable to develop and introduce new and enhanced products on a timely basis that are accepted in the market.

        The machine tool industry is subject to technological change, rapidly evolving industry standards, changing customer requirements, and improvements in and expansion of product offerings, especially

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with respect to computer-controlled products. Our ability to anticipate changes in technology, industry standards, customer requirements and product offerings by competitors, and to develop and introduce new and enhanced products on a timely basis that are accepted in the market, will be significant factors in our ability to compete and grow. Moreover, if technologies or standards used in our products become obsolete or fail to gain widespread commercial acceptance, our business would be materially adversely affected. Developments by our competitors or others may render our products or technologies obsolete or noncompetitive. Failure to effectively introduce new products or product enhancements on a timely basis could materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers to obtain certain components, sub-assemblies, assemblies and products. Delays in deliveries from or the loss of any of these suppliers may cause us to incur additional costs, result in delays in manufacturing and delivering our products or cause us to carry excess or obsolete inventory.

        Some components, sub-assemblies, or assemblies we use in the manufacturing of our products are purchased from a limited number of suppliers. Our purchases from these suppliers are generally not made pursuant to long-term contracts and are subject to additional risks associated with purchasing products internationally, including risks associated with potential import restrictions and exchange rate fluctuations, as well as changes in tax laws, tariffs, and freight rates. Although we believe that our relationships with these suppliers are good, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain these products from these suppliers on satisfactory terms indefinitely. The present economic environment could also pose the risk of one of these key suppliers going out of business, or cause delays in delivery times of critical components as business conditions rebound and demand increases.

        We believe that design changes could be made to our machines to allow sourcing of components, sub-assemblies, assemblies or products from several other suppliers; however, a disruption in the supply from any of our suppliers could cause us to experience a material adverse effect on our operations.

Our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected by the political and economic conditions of the countries in which we conduct business and other factors related to our international operations.

        We manufacture a substantial portion of our products overseas and sell our products throughout the world. In 2012, approximately 75% of our products were sold in countries outside of North America. In addition, a majority of our employees are located outside of the United States. Multiple factors relating to our international operations and to particular countries in which we operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. These factors include:

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A prolonged world-wide economic downturn or economic uncertainty in our principal international markets including Asia and Europe;



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Changes in political, regulatory, legal, or economic conditions;



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Restrictive governmental actions, such as restrictions on the transfer or repatriation of funds and foreign investments and trade protection measures, including export duties and quotas, customs duties and tariffs, or trade barriers erected by either the United States or other countries where we do business;



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Disruptions of capital and trading markets;



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Changes in import or export licensing requirements;



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Transportation delays;

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Civil disturbances or political instability;



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Geopolitical turmoil, including terrorism or war;



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Currency restrictions and exchange rate fluctuations;



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Changes in labor standards;



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Limitations on our ability under local laws to protect our intellectual property;



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Nationalization and expropriation;



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Changes in domestic and foreign tax laws;



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Difficulty in obtaining distribution and support; and



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Major health concerns.

        Moreover, international conflicts are creating many economic and political uncertainties that are affecting the global economy. Escalation of existing international conflicts or the occurrence of new international conflicts could severely affect our operations and demand for our products.

        Additionally, we must comply with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and other local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to government officials, and anti-corruption regulations. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties, criminal sanctions, restrictions on our business conduct and on our ability to offer products in one or more countries, and could adversely affect our reputation, our ability to attract and retain employees, our international operations, our business and our operating results. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors or agents, as well as those companies to which we outsource certain of our business operations, will not violate our policies.

We may face trade barriers that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and result in a loss of customers or suppliers.

        Trade barriers established by the United States or other countries may interfere with our ability to offer our products in those markets. We manufacture a substantial portion of our products overseas and sell our products throughout the world. We cannot predict whether the United States or any other country will impose new quotas, tariffs, taxes, or other trade barriers upon the importation or exportation of our products or supplies, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Competition and trade barriers in those countries could require us to reduce prices, increase spending on marketing or product development, withdraw or not enter certain markets, or otherwise take actions adverse to us.

        In addition, our subsidiaries may require future equity-related financing, and any capital contributions to certain of our subsidiaries may require the approval of the relevant authorities in the jurisdiction in which the subsidiary is incorporated. Those approvals may be required from the investment commissions or similar agencies of the particular jurisdiction and relate to any initial or additional equity investment by foreign entities in local entities.

        In all jurisdictions in which we operate, we are also subject to the laws and regulations that govern foreign investment and foreign trade, which may limit our ability to repatriate cash as dividends or otherwise.

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Our business is highly competitive, and increased competition could reduce our sales, earnings and profitability.

        The markets in which our machines and other products are sold are extremely competitive and highly fragmented. In marketing our products, we compete primarily with other businesses on quality, reliability, price, value, delivery time, service, and technological characteristics. We compete with a number of U.S., European, and Asian competitors, many of which are larger, have greater financial and other resources, and are supported by governmental or financial institution subsidies. Increased competition could force us to lower our prices or to offer additional product features or services at a higher cost to us, which could reduce our earnings.

        The greater financial resources or the lower amount of debt of certain of our competitors may enable them to commit larger amounts of capital in response to changing market conditions. Certain competitors may also have the ability to develop product innovations that could put us at a disadvantage. If we are unable to compete successfully against other manufacturers in our marketplace, we could lose customers, and our sales may decline. There can also be no assurance that customers will continue to regard our products favorably, that we will be able to develop new products that appeal to customers, that we will be able to improve or maintain our profit margins on sales to our customers, or that we will be able to continue to compete successfully in our core markets. While we believe our product lines compete effectively in their markets, we may not continue to do so.

Acquisitions could disrupt our operations and harm our operating results.

        We may elect to increase our product offerings and the markets we serve through acquisitions of other companies, product lines, technologies and personnel. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following:

•

Difficulties in integrating the operations, technologies, products and personnel of the acquired companies;



•

Diversion of management's attention from normal daily operations of the business;



•

Potential difficulties in completing projects associated with in-process research and development;



•

Difficulties in entering markets in which we have no or limited direct prior experience and where competitors in such markets have stronger market positions;



•

Initial dependence on unfamiliar supply chains or relatively small supply partners;



•

Difficulties in predicting market demand for acquired products and technologies and the resultant risk of acquiring excess or obsolete inventory;



•

Insufficient revenues to offset increased expenses associated with acquisitions; and



•

The potential loss of key employees of the acquired companies.

        Acquisitions may also cause us to:

•

Issue common stock that would dilute our current shareholders' percentage ownership;



•

Increase our level of indebtedness;



•

Assume liabilities;



•

Record goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets that will be subject to impairment testing on a regular basis and potential periodic impairment charges;



•

Incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets;



•

Incur large and immediate write-offs and restructuring and other related expenses; and

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•

Become subject to litigation.

        Acquisitions are inherently risky, and no assurance can be given that our future acquisitions, if any, will be successful and will not have material adverse affect on our business, operating results or financial condition. Failure to manage and successfully integrate acquisitions we make could harm our business and operating results in a material way. Additionally, we may incur significant expenses related to potential acquisitions that are not completed. Prior acquisitions have resulted in a wide range of outcomes, from successful introduction of new products, technologies, facilities, and personnel to an inability to do so. Even when an acquired business has already developed and marketed products, there can be no assurance that product enhancements will be made in a timely fashion or that pre-acquisition due diligence will have identified all possible issues that might arise with respect to such products.

If we are unable to access additional capital on favorable terms, our liquidity, business, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

        The ability to raise financial capital, either in public or private markets or through commercial banks, is critical to our current business and future growth. Our business is generally working capital intensive requiring a long cash-out to cash-in cycle. In addition, we will rely on the availability of longer-term debt financing or equity financing to make investments in new opportunities. Our access to the financial markets could be adversely impacted by various factors including the following:

•

Changes in credit markets that reduce available credit or the ability to renew existing facilities on acceptable terms;



•

A deterioration in our financial condition that would violate current loan agreement covenants or prohibit us from obtaining additional capital from banks, financial institutions, or investors;



•

Extreme volatility in credit markets that increase margin or credit requirements; and



•

Volatility in our results that would substantially increase the cost of our capital.

We are subject to significant foreign exchange and currency risks that could adversely affect our operations and our ability to reinvest earnings from operations.

        Our international operations generate sales in a number of foreign currencies including British Pound Sterling ("GBP"), Chinese Renminbi ("CNY"), Euros ("EUR"), New Taiwanese Dollars ("TWD"), and Swiss Francs ("CHF"). Therefore, our results of operations and financial condition are affected by fluctuations in exchange rates between these currencies and the U.S. dollar ("USD"). In addition, our purchases of components in CNY, EUR, TWD, CHF, and Japanese Yen ("JPY") are affected by inter-currency fluctuations in exchange rates.

        We prepare our financial statements in U.S. Dollars in accordance with U.S. GAAP, but a sizable portion of our revenue and operating expenses are in foreign currencies. As a result, we are subject to significant risks, including:

•

Foreign exchange risks resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates and the implementation of exchange controls; and



•

Limitations on our ability to reinvest earnings from operations in one country to fund the capital needs of our operations in other countries.

        Changes in exchange rates will result in increases or decreases in our revenues, costs, and earnings, and may also affect the book value of our assets located outside of the United States and the amount of our invested equity. Although we may seek to decrease our currency exposure by engaging in hedges against significant transactions and balance sheet currency exposures where we deem it appropriate, we do not hedge against translation risks. Though we monitor and manage our exposures to changes in

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currency exchange rates, and utilize currency exchange forward contracts and swaps to mitigate the impact of changes in currency values, changes in exchange rates nonetheless cannot always be predicted or hedged. Consequently, we cannot assure you that any efforts to minimize our risk to currency movements will be successful. To the extent we sell our products in markets other than the market in which they are manufactured, currency fluctuations may result in our products becoming too expensive for customers in those markets.

Prices of some raw materials, especially steel and iron, fluctuate, which can adversely affect our sales, costs, and profitability.

        We manufacture products with a relatively high iron casting or steel content, commodities for which worldwide prices fluctuate. The availability of and prices for these and other raw materials are subject to volatility due to worldwide supply and demand forces, speculative actions, inventory levels, exchange rates, production costs, and anticipated or perceived shortages. In some cases, raw material cost increases can be passed on to customers in the form of price increases; in other cases, they cannot. If raw material prices increase and we are not able to charge our customers higher prices to compensate, it would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our quarterly results may fluctuate based on customer delivery requirements.

        Our quarterly results are subject to significant fluctuation based on the timing of our shipments of machine tools, which are largely dependent upon customer delivery requirements. With individual machines priced as high as $1.8 million and several machines frequently sold together as a package, a request by a customer to delay shipment at quarter end could significantly affect our quarterly results. Given that a large percentage of our sales are from Asia, the impact of the plan shut-downs of one to two weeks in that region by us and our customers due to the celebration of the Lunar New Year holiday, our first quarter sales, income from operations, and net income may be the lowest quarter of the year.

Our expenditures for post-retirement pension obligations could be materially higher than we have predicted if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect or we are required to use different assumptions.

        We provide defined benefit pension plans to eligible employees. Our pension expense, the funding status of our plans and related charges in other comprehensive income, and required contributions to our pension plans are directly affected by the value of plan assets, the projected rate of return on plan assets, the actual rate of return on plan assets and the actuarial assumptions we use to measure our defined benefit pension plan obligations, including the rate at which future obligations are discounted to a present value, or the discount rate.

        Our market-related value of assets recognizes asset losses and gains over a five-year period, which we believe is consistent with the long-term nature of our pension obligations. As a result, the effect of changes in the market value of assets on our pension expense may be experienced in future years rather than fully reflected in the expense for the year immediately following the year in which the fluctuations actually occurred.

        For the year ended December 31, 2012, the value of our pension plan assets increased by $20.9 million primarily due to the strong investment performance. The investment performance of our pension plan assets could significantly impact the growth of those assets. Should the assets earn a return less than the assumed rate of return over time, it is likely that future pension expenses and funding requirements would increase. Investment earnings in excess of the assumed rate of return may reduce future pension expenses and funding requirements.

        For our domestic and foreign plans, discount rates are based on the yields on high grade corporate bonds in each market with maturities matching the projected benefit payments. Discount rates are used

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to determine the present value of the projected and accumulated benefit obligation at the end of each year. A change in the discount rate would impact the funded status of our plans. An increase to the discount rate would reduce the pension liability and future pension expense and, conversely, a lower discount rate would increase pension liability and the future pension expense.

        To develop the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption, for our domestic and major foreign plans, we consider the current level of expected returns on risk free investments (primarily government bonds) in each market, the historical level of the risk premium associated with the other asset classes in which the portfolio is invested, and the expectations for future returns of each asset class. The expected return for each asset class is then weighted based on the asset allocation to develop the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption.

        For pension accounting purposes in our U.S. based plans, which is the largest of our plans, the rate of return assumed on the market-related value of plan assets for determining pension expense was 7.75% for 2012 and 8.00% for 2011. The discount rate used for determining the obligation was 4.31% at December 31, 2012 compared to 5.11% at December 31, 2011.

        We have two defined benefit plans associated with our Swiss subsidiary. When viewed in aggregate, these two plans constitute the second largest of our defined benefit plans. The rate of return assumed on the market-related value of plan assets for determining pension expense on plan assets was 3.70% for 2012 and 3.90% for 2011. The discount rate used for determining the obligation was 2.00% at December 31, 2012 compared to 2.70% at December 31, 2011.

        During 2012, Congress enacted the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act ("MAP-21"). In the short-term, MAP-21 will increase the discount rates used to determine funding liabilities, resulting in significantly lower pension contributions. As a result of MAP-21 and based on the assumptions and estimates, including stock market prices and interest rates, we expect to make no cash contribution to our U.S. qualified pension plan and a contribution of approximately $0.5 million to our U.S. based supplemental pension plans in 2013. We also expect to make contributions of approximately $2.5 million to the foreign plans in 2013. If our current assumptions and estimates are not correct, contributions in years beyond 2013 may be more or less than the projected 2013 contributions.

        In addition, we cannot predict whether changing market or economic conditions, regulatory changes or other factors will increase our pension expenses or our funding obligations, diverting funds we would otherwise apply to other uses. At December 31, 2012, the excess of consolidated projected benefit obligations over plan assets was $47.1 million and the excess of consolidated accumulated benefit obligations over plan assets was $41.9 million.

Our U.S. defined benefit pension plan is currently underfunded and we will be required to make cash payments to the plan, reducing the cash available for our business.

        We record a liability associated with the U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan equal to the excess of the benefit obligation over the fair value of plan assets. The liability recorded at December 31, 2012 was $34.3 million. As a result of the enactment of MAP-21, we do not expect to make any funding contributions to our domestic defined benefit pension plan in 2013. Contribution levels are largely contingent on asset returns and corporate bond yields. If the performance of the assets in our U.S. defined benefit pension plan does not meet our expectations and/or corporate bond yields decrease, our future contributions to the plan could increase. Our U.S. defined benefit pension plan is subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, or ERISA. Under ERISA, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, or PBGC, has the authority to terminate an underfunded pension plan under limited circumstances.

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If we are unable to attract and retain skilled employees to work at our manufacturing facilities our operations and growth prospects would be adversely impacted.

        We conduct substantially all of our manufacturing operations in less densely populated urban areas, which, in many cases, may represent a relatively small market for skilled labor force. Our continued success depends on our ability to attract and retain a skilled labor force at these locations. If we are not able to attract and retain the personnel we require, we may be unable to develop, manufacture, and market our products, or to expand our operations in a manner that best exploits market opportunities and capitalizes on our investment in our business. This would materially adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Due to future technological changes, changes in market demand, or changes in market expectations, portions of our inventory may become obsolete or excessive.

        The technologies within our products change and generally new versions of machines are brought to market in three to five year cycles. The phasing out of an old product involves both estimating the amount of inventory to hold to satisfy the final demand for those machines as well as to satisfy future repair part needs. Based on changing customer demand and expectations of delivery times for repair parts, we may find that we have either obsolete or excess inventory on hand. Because of unforeseen changes in technology, market demand, or competition, we may have to write off unusable inventory at some time in the future, which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Major changes in the economic situation of our customer base could require us to write off significant portion of our receivables from customers.

        In difficult economic periods, our customers lose work and find it difficult if not impossible to pay for products purchased from us. Although appropriate credit reviews are done at the time of sale, rapidly changing economic conditions can have sudden impacts on customers' ability to pay. We run the risk of bad debt on existing time payment contracts and open accounts. If we write off significant parts of our customer accounts or notes receivable because of unforeseen changes in their business condition, it would adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

If we suffer damage to our factories, facilities or distribution system due to catastrophe, our operations could be seriously harmed.

        Our factories, facilities, and distribution system are subject to the risk of catastrophic loss due to fire, flood, terrorism, or other natural or man-made disasters. In particular, several of our facilities could be subject to a catastrophic loss caused by earthquake due to their locations. Our facilities in Southeast Asia are located in areas with above average seismic activity. If any of our facilities were to experience a catastrophic loss, it could disrupt our operations, delay production, shipments and revenue, and result in large expenses to repair or replace the facility.

We rely in part on independent distributors and the loss of these distributors could adversely affect our business.

        In addition to our direct sales force, we depend on the services of independent distributors and agents to sell our products and provide service and aftermarket support to our customers. We support an extensive distributor and agent network worldwide. In 2012, approximately 72% of our sales were through distributors and agents. No distributor accounted for more than 6% of our consolidated sales in 2012. Rather than serving as passive conduits for delivery of product, many of our distributors are active participants in the sale and support of our products. Many of the distributors with whom we transact business offer competitive products and services to our customers. In addition, the distribution agreements we have are typically cancelable by the distributor after a relatively short notice period. The

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loss of a substantial number of our distributors or an increase in the distributors' sales of our competitors' products to our customers could reduce our sales and profits.

We rely on estimated forecasts of our customers' needs and inaccuracies in such forecasts could adversely affect our business.

        We generally sell our products pursuant to individual purchase orders instead of long-term purchase commitments. Therefore, we rely on estimated demand forecasts, based upon input from our customers and the general economic environment, to determine how much material to purchase and product to manufacture. Because our sales are based on purchase orders, our customers may cancel, delay, or otherwise modify their purchase commitments with little or no consequence to them and with little or no notice to us. For these reasons, we generally have limited visibility regarding our customers' actual product needs. The quantities or timing required by our customers for our products could vary significantly. Whether in response to changes affecting the industry or a customer's specific business pressures, any cancellation, delay, or other modification in our customers' orders could significantly reduce our revenue, cause our operating results to fluctuate from period to period and make it more difficult for us to predict our revenue. In the event of a cancellation or reduction of a customer order, we may not have enough time to reduce inventory purchases or our workforce to minimize the effect of the lost revenue on our business. During 2012 and 2011, net orders and related sales were impacted by order cancellations of $4.6 million and $15.9 million, respectively, primarily due to the global economic conditions.

We could face potential product liability claims relating to products we manufacture, which could result in us having to expend significant time and expense to defend these claims and to pay material amounts in damages or settlement.

        We face a business risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that the use of our products is alleged to have resulted in injury or other adverse effects. We currently maintain product liability insurance coverage; however, such insurance does not cover all types of damages that could be assessed against us in a product liability claim and the coverage amounts are subject to certain limitations under the applicable policies. We may not be able to obtain product liability insurance on acceptable terms in the future. Product liability claims can be expensive to defend and can divert the attention of management and other personnel for long periods of time, regardless of the ultimate outcome. An unsuccessful product liability defense could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. In addition, we believe our business depends on the strong brand reputation we have developed. In the event that our reputation is damaged, we may face difficulty in maintaining our pricing positions with respect to some of our products, which would reduce our sales and profitability.

Current employment laws or changes in employment laws could increase our costs and may adversely affect our business.

        Various federal, state and foreign labor laws govern the relationship with our employees and affect operating costs. These laws include minimum wage requirements, overtime, unemployment tax rates, workers' compensation rates, citizenship requirements, and costs to terminate or layoff employees. Significant additional government-imposed increases in the following areas could materially affect our business, financial condition, operating results, or cash flow:

•

minimum wages;



•

mandated health benefits;



•

paid leaves of absence;

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•

mandatory severance payments; and



•

employment taxes.

We are subject to environmental laws that could impose significant costs on us and the failure to comply with such laws could subject us to sanctions and material fines and expenses.

        Our operations are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to environmental matters. Certain environmental laws can impose joint and several liabilities for releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances upon certain statutorily defined parties regardless of fault or the lawfulness of the original activity or disposal. Hazardous substances and adverse environmental effects have been identified with respect to real property we own and on adjacent parcels of real property.

        In particular, our Elmira, NY manufacturing facility is located within the Kentucky Avenue Wellfield on the National Priorities List of hazardous waste sites designated for cleanup by the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") because of groundwater contamination. The Kentucky Avenue Wellfield Site (the "Site") encompasses an area which includes sections of the Town of Horseheads and the Village of Elmira Heights in Chemung County, NY. In February 2006, the Company received a Special Notice Concerning a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study ("RI/FS") for the Koppers Pond (the "Pond") portion of the Site. The EPA documented the release and threatened release of hazardous substances into the environment at the Site, including releases into and in the vicinity of the Pond. The hazardous substances, including metals and polychlorinated biphenyls, have been detected in sediments in the Pond.

        Until receipt of this Special Notice in February 2006, the Company had never been named as a potentially responsible party ("PRP") at the Site nor had the Company received any requests for information from the EPA concerning the Site. Environmental sampling on our property within this Site under supervision of regulatory authorities had identified off-site sources for such groundwater contamination and sediment contamination in the Pond, and found no evidence that our operations or property have contributed or are contributing to the contamination. We have notified all appropriate insurance carriers and are actively cooperating with them, but whether coverage will be available has not yet been determined and possible insurance recovery cannot now be estimated with any degree of certainty.

        A substantial portion of the Pond is located on our property. The Company, along with Beazer East, Inc., the Village of Horseheads, the Town of Horseheads, the County of Chemung, CBS Corporation and Toshiba America, Inc., the PRPs, have agreed to voluntarily participate in the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study ("RI/FS") by signing an Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order of Consent on September 29, 2006. On September 29, 2006, the Director of Emergency and Remedial Response Division of the EPA, Region II, approved and executed the Agreement on behalf of the EPA. The PRPs also signed a PRP Member Agreement, agreeing to share the cost of the RI/FS study on a per capita basis.

        The EPA approved the RI/FS Work Plan in May of 2008. On September 7, 2011, the PRPs submitted the draft Remedial Investigation Report to the EPA and on January 2013, the draft Feasibility Study. The draft Feasibility Study identified alternative remedial actions with estimated life-cycle costs ranging from $0.7 million to $3.4 million. We estimate that our portion of the potential costs range from $0.1 million to $0.5 million.

        Based on the current estimated costs of the various remedial alternatives now under consideration by the EPA, we have recorded a reserve of $0.2 million for the Company's share of remediation expenses at the Pond. This reserve is reported as an accrued expense on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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        We believe, based upon information currently available that, except as described in the preceding paragraphs, we will not have material liabilities for environmental remediation. Though the foregoing reflects the Company's current assessment as it relates to environmental remediation obligations, it is possible that future remedial requirements or changes in the enforcement of existing laws and regulations, which are subject to extensive regulatory discretion, will result in material liabilities to the Company.

The loss of current members of our senior management team and other key personnel may adversely affect our operating results.

        The loss of senior management and other key personnel could impair our ability to carry out our business plan. We believe our future success will depend in part on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled and qualified personnel. The loss of senior management and other key personnel may adversely affect our operating results as we incur costs to replace the departing personnel and potentially lose opportunities in the transition of important job functions.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately or prevent fraud.

        Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports, to prevent fraud and to operate successfully as a publicly traded company. Our efforts to maintain an effective system of internal controls may not be successful, and we may be unable to maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. Ineffective internal controls subject us to regulatory scrutiny and a loss of confidence in our reported financial information, which could have an adverse effect on our business and would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under New York law may discourage a third party from acquiring us.

        Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making a proposal to acquire us and, as a result, may inhibit a change in control of the Company under circumstances that could give the shareholders the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our common shares. These include:

        Staggered Board of Directors.    Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that our Board of Directors, currently consisting of eight members, is divided into three classes of directors, with each class consisting of two or three directors, and with the classes serving staggered three-year terms. This classification of the directors has the effect of making it more difficult for shareholders, including those holding a majority of our outstanding shares, to force an immediate change in the composition of our Board of Directors.

        Removal of Directors and Filling of Vacancies.    Our certificate of incorporation provides that a member of our Board of Directors may be removed only for cause and upon the affirmative vote of the holders of 75% of the securities entitled to vote at an election of directors. Newly created directorships and Board of Director vacancies resulting from death, removal or other causes may be filled only by a majority vote of the then remaining directors. Accordingly, it is more difficult for shareholders, including those holding a majority of our outstanding shares, to force an immediate change in the composition of our Board of Directors.

        Supermajority Voting Provisions for Certain Business Combinations.    Our certificate of incorporation requires the affirmative vote of at least 75% of all of the securities entitled to vote and at least 75% of shareholders who are not Major Shareholders (defined as 10% beneficial holders) in order to effect

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certain mergers, sales of assets or other business combinations involving the Company. These provisions could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of the Company.

        In addition, as a New York corporation we are subject to provisions of the New York Business Corporation Law which may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire and exercise control over us pursuant to a tender offer or request or invitation for tenders. These provisions could have the effect of deterring or delaying changes in incumbent management, proxy contests or changes in control.

Item 1B.—UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

        None.

ITEM 2.—PROPERTIES

        Pertinent information concerning the principal properties of the Company and its subsidiaries is as follows:

Owned Properties:

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Leased Properties:

ITEM 3.—LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

        The Company is from time to time involved in routine litigation incidental to its operations. None of the litigation in which we are currently involved, individually or in the aggregate, is anticipated to be material to our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

ITEM 4.—MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

        Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5.—MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

        The following table reflects the highest and lowest values at which our common stock traded in each quarter of the last two years. Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "HDNG". The table also includes dividends per share, by quarter:

        At March 8, 2013, there were 246 shareholders of record of our common stock.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

        The following table provides information about the Company's repurchases of our common stock by month for the quarter ended December 31, 2012:

        The above shares repurchased in the quarter ended December 31, 2012 were part of the Company's Incentive Compensation Plan to satisfy tax withholding obligations.

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Performance Graph

        The graph below compares the five-year cumulative total return for Hardinge Inc. Common Stock with the comparable returns for the NASDAQ Stock Market (U.S.) Index and a group of 16 peer issuers. The companies included in our peer group were selected based on comparability to Hardinge with respect to market capitalization, sales, manufactured products and international presence. Our peer group includes Altra Holding, Inc., Amtech Systems Inc., Cohu, Inc., Columbus McKinnon Corp., Electro Scientific Industries Inc., Flow International Corporation, Global Power Equipment Group Inc., Hurco Companies Inc., Kadant Inc., Nanometrics Inc., Newport Corporation, NN, Inc., Sifco Industries Inc., Transcat Inc., Twin Disc Inc., and Zygo Corporation. Cumulative total return represents the change in stock price and the amount of dividends received during the indicated period, assuming reinvestment of dividends. The graph assumes an investment of $100 on December 31, 2007. The stock performance shown in the graph is included in response to SEC requirements and is not intended to forecast or to be indicative of future performance.

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Hardinge, Inc., the NASDAQ Composite Index, and a Peer Group

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*

$100 invested on 12/31/07 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.

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ITEM 6.—SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

        The following selected financial data is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company. The data should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, related notes and other information included herein (amounts in thousands except per share data):

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ITEM 7.—MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

        Overview.    Our primary business is designing, manufacturing, and distributing high-precision computer controlled metal-cutting turning, grinding, and milling machines and related accessories. We are geographically diversified with manufacturing facilities in Switzerland, Taiwan, the United States ("U.S."), China, and the United Kingdom ("U.K.") with sales to most industrialized countries. Approximately 75% of our 2012 sales were to customers outside of North America, 80% of our 2012 products sold were manufactured outside of North America, and 69% of our employees were outside of North America.

        Our machine products are considered to be capital goods and are part of what has historically been a highly cyclical industry. Our management believes that a key performance indicator is our order level as compared to industry measures of market activity levels.

        General economic growth around the world was slower than 2011 driven by the decelerating economy in China and uncertainties surrounding European financial and fiscal conditions. The concerns over economic situations negatively impacted our customers' decision for capital spending. Consequently, 2012 order volumes decreased by $84.5 million, or 23%, compared to 2011.

        Metrics on machine tool market activity watched by our management include world machine tool consumption (a proxy for shipments), as reported annually by Gardner Publications in the Metalworking Insiders Report and metal-cutting machine orders as reported by the Association of Manufacturing Technology ("AMT"), the primary industry group for U.S. machine tool manufacturers. World machine tool consumption data as reported by the Metalworking Insiders Report showed a decrease in machine tool consumption of 2.5% in 2012 compared to an increase of 34.3% in 2011. This report indicates that 2012 consumption in China, the world's largest market, decreased by 1% (in US dollars) after a 35% increase in 2011. Consumption in Germany, the world's fourth largest market, saw no change in consumption as measured in local currency in 2012 compared to an increase of 42% in 2011. In the United Kingdom, machine tool consumption measured in local currency increased by 11% in 2012 and 28% in 2011. In the U.S., 2012 machine tool consumption increased by 19%, as compared to a 53% increase in 2011. In 2012, U.S. orders for metal-cutting machine tools reported by the AMT were $5.7 billion, relatively flat when compared to $5.6 billion reported in 2011. The AMT's statistics are reported on a voluntary basis from member companies. The report includes metal-cutting machines of all types and sizes, including segments in which we do not compete.

        Other closely followed U.S. market indicators are tracked to determine activity levels in U.S. manufacturing plants that are prospective customers for our products. One such measurement is the Purchasing Managers Index ("PMI"), as reported by the Institute for Supply Management. Another measurement is capacity utilization of U.S. manufacturing plants, as reported by the Federal Reserve Board. Similar information regarding machine tool consumption in foreign countries is published by trade associations in those countries.

        Non-machine sales, which include collets, accessories, repair parts and service revenue, historically account for approximately 24% of overall sales and are an important part of our business due to an installed base of thousands of machines. In the past, sales of these products and services have not fluctuated on a year-to-year basis as significantly as the sales of our machines have from time to time, but demand for these products and services typically track the direction of the related machine metrics.

        Other key performance indicators are geographic distribution of net sales ("sales") and net orders ("orders"), gross profit as a percent of sales, income from operations, working capital changes, and debt level trends. In an industry where constant product technology development has led to an average model life of three to five years, effectiveness of technological innovation and development of new products are also key performance indicators.

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        We are exposed to financial market risk resulting from changes in interest and foreign currency rates. Global economic conditions and related disruptions within the financial markets have also increased our exposure to the possible liquidity and credit risks of our counterparties. We believe we have sufficient liquidity to fund our foreseeable business needs, including cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations, and our bank financing arrangements.

        We monitor the third-party depository institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents. Our emphasis is primarily on safety of principal. Our cash and cash equivalents are diversified among counterparties to minimize exposure to any one of these entities.

        We are also subject to credit risks relating to the ability of counterparties of hedging transactions to meet their contractual payment obligations. The risks related to creditworthiness and nonperformance has been considered in the fair value measurements of our foreign currency forward exchange contracts.

        We also expect that some of our customers and vendors may experience difficulty in maintaining the liquidity required to buy inventory or raw materials. We continue to monitor our customers' financial condition in order to mitigate our accounts receivable collectability risks.

        Foreign currency exchange rate changes can be significant to reported results for several reasons. Our primary competitors, particularly for the most technologically advanced products, are now largely manufacturers in Japan, Germany, Switzerland, Korea, and Taiwan which causes the worldwide valuation of their respective currencies to be central to competitive pricing in all of our markets. The major functional currencies of our subsidiaries are the British Pound Sterling ("GBP"), Chinese Renminbi ("CNY"), Euro ("EUR"), New Taiwanese Dollar ("TWD"), and Swiss Franc ("CHF"). Under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, results of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars ("USD") at the average exchange rate during the periods presented. Period-to-period changes in the exchange rate between their local currency and the USD may affect comparative data significantly. We also purchase computer controls and other components from suppliers throughout the world, with purchase costs reflecting currency changes.

        Below is a summary of the percentage changes for the annual average rates of our functional currencies as compared to their respective USD equivalents:

        The fluctuations of the foreign currency exchange rates during 2012 resulted in unfavorable currency translation impact of approximately $3.9 million on new orders and $4.8 million on sales, as compared to 2011. The fluctuations of the foreign currency exchange rates during 2011 resulted in favorable currency translation impact of approximately $18.0 million on new orders and $20.9 million on sales, as compared to 2010.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

        The following table summarizes certain financial data for 2012 and 2011:

        Orders:    Orders for 2012 were $288.4 million, a decrease of $84.5 million or 23% compared to 2011 orders of $372.9 million. The decrease from 2011 was the result of lower demand for machine tools attributable, in part, to the decelerating Chinese economy along with the uncertainty in Europe due to overall economic and fiscal conditions. The decrease was also the result of exceptional growth experienced by machine tool industry during the first half of 2011. Our order volumes during 2011 were at historically high levels as customers reacted to the increasing prices and extended lead times which were driven by constraints on the machine tool supply chain due to considerable improvement in worldwide demand caused by a strong recovery in the industry. Foreign currency translation had an unfavorable impact on orders of approximately $3.9 million for the year 2012 compared to 2011.

        The following table presents 2012 and 2011 orders by region:

        North America orders decreased by $16.5 million or 17% for the year 2012 compared to 2011. The decrease in North America orders was driven, in part, as our U.S.-based distributors' slowed their order levels to manage inventory. In addition, order levels during the first half of 2011 were high as our distributors gained traction in the market along with their end customers reacting to longer lead times resulting from supply chain constraints and potential for price increase due to the rising costs of raw material and components.

        Europe orders decreased by $14.4 million or 12% for the year 2012 compared to 2011. Foreign currency translation had an unfavorable impact of approximately $5.4 million to the overall decrease. Excluding the unfavorable foreign currency impact, Europe orders decreased by 9.0 million, or 8%, when compared to 2011. The decrease in order level over the prior year was attributable to the challenging economic and fiscal climate in the region.

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        Asia orders decreased by $53.6 million or 34% for the year 2012 compared to 2011. Foreign currency translation had a favorable impact of approximately $1.5 million when compared to 2011. Excluding the favorable foreign currency impact, Asia orders decreased by $55.1 million, or 35%, when compared to 2011. The decrease was driven by soft demand, especially during the first nine months of the year, as a result of the decelerating Chinese economy during 2012 in contrast to a stimulated economy during the first nine months of 2011. The overall impact of the macroeconomic factors in 2011 was further influenced by supply chain constraints and customers placing orders to ensure deliveries as a result of long lead times for machine tools. Additionally, multiple machine orders from suppliers to the consumer electronics industry in China were $6.1 million in 2012, a $13.9 million decrease compared to 2011. Excluding such orders, Asia orders decreased by $39.7 million, or 29%, compared to 2011.

        Sales:    Sales for 2012 were $334.4 million, a decrease of $7.2 million or 2% compared to 2011 sales of $341.6 million. Foreign currency translation had an unfavorable impact of approximately $4.8 million when compared to 2011. Excluding the unfavorable foreign currency impact, sales decreased by $2.4 million, or 1%, when compared to 2011.

        The following table presents 2012 and 2011 sales by region:

        The geographic mix of sales as a percentage of total sales is shown in the table below:

        North America sales decreased by $6.5 million or 7% for the year 2012 compared to 2011. The decrease in North America sales was primarily due to strong sales of grinding machines in 2011 as compared to 2012. Additionally, 2011 sales in North America were driven by exceptionally strong fourth quarter activities as we met our customers' year-end delivery requirements.

        Europe sales increased $16.2 million or 15% for the year 2012 compared to 2011. 2012 sales to this region were unfavorably influenced by foreign currency translation of approximately $6.6 million. Exclusive of the currency impact, Europe sales increased by $22.8 million, or 22%, compared to 2011. The increase is primarily attributable to strong demand for machine tools in Germany and the United Kingdom, particularly for our grinding machines.

        Asia sales decreased by $16.9 million or 12% for the year 2012 compared to 2011. Sales in this region in 2012 were favorably influenced by foreign currency translation of approximately $1.8 million. Exclusive of the impact of currency, Asia sales decreased by $18.7 million, or 13%, compared to 2011. This 13% decrease was the result of the decelerating economy in China throughout 2012.

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        Machine sales represented approximately 78% and 77% of sales in 2012 and 2011, respectively. Sales of non-machine products and services, primarily workholding, repair parts, and accessories made up the balance.

        Gross Profit:    Gross profit was $96.8 million or 29.0% of sales in 2012, compared to $91.0 million, or 26.6% of sales in 2011. The increase in gross profit and gross margin percentage is attributable to favorable product mix and improved pricing. In addition, lower raw material and component costs experienced in 2012 contributed to the increase in gross profit and gross margin percentage.

        Selling, General and Administrative Expense:    Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense for the year 2012 was $76.2 million, or 22.8% of sales, compared to $73.6 million, or 21.5% of sales in 2011. The 2012 increase in SG&A was attributable to charges of $0.4 million related to the reorganization of operations in the United Kingdom, $0.3 million related to the acquisition of Usach Technologies, Inc., $0.2 million for environmental remediation costs, and $0.8 million in higher agent related sales commissions, increased variable selling related costs and inflationary increases. The increase in SG&A as a percentage of sales for 2012 was partially driven by reduced sales volume as well as the aforementioned increased costs.

        Loss on sale of assets:    In 2012, we recorded a loss of $0.1 million on sale of assets. In 2011, the loss on sale of assets was not material.

        Other expense:    Other expense was $0.6 million and $0.8 million in 2012 and 2011, respectively. The expense in 2012 and 2011 is primarily related to foreign currency losses.

        Income from Operations:    Income from operations in 2012 was $20.1 million compared to $16.6 million in 2011. The increase in income from operations was driven by higher gross profit in 2012 as compared to 2011. Income from operations in 2012 included charges of $0.4 million related to the reorganization of operations in the United Kingdom, $0.3 million related to the acquisition of Usach Technologies, Inc., and $0.2 million accrual for environmental remediation costs

        Interest Expense & Interest Income:    Interest expense includes interest incurred on borrowings under our credit facilities, amortization of deferred financing costs associated with these facilities and related commitment fees. Interest expense for 2012 was $0.9 million compared to $0.3 million for 2011. The increase in interest expense for 2012 compared to 2011 is mainly attributable to the full year 2012 impact of our long term financing entered into in December 2011 as well as our higher average outstanding indebtedness under our working capital facilities. Interest income was $0.1 million in 2012 and in 2011.

        Income Tax Expense:    Income tax expense in 2012 was $1.5 million compared to $4.4 million for 2011. The effective tax rate was 7.7% in 2012 and 26.7% in 2011. Generally, income tax expense represents tax expense on profits in certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries. The decrease in the income tax expense in 2012 is primarily driven by lower valuation allowances required on certain deferred tax assets as a result of the acquisition of Usach Technologies, Inc. as well as a change in the mix of earnings by jurisdiction as compared to 2011.

        We continually assess all available positive and negative evidence in accordance with ASC Topic 740 to evaluate whether deferred tax assets are realizable. To the extent that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of our deferred tax assets in a particular jurisdiction will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. We currently maintain a valuation allowance against all or a portion of our deferred tax assets in the U.S., Canada, U.K., Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands.

        Net Income (Loss):    Net income for 2012 was $17.9 million or 5.3% of sales, compared to $12.0 million or 3.5% of sales in 2011. Basic earnings per share were $1.53 for 2012 and $1.03 for 2011. Diluted earnings per share were $1.53 for 2012 and $1.02 for 2011.

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Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010

        The following table summarizes certain financial data for 2011 and 2010:

        Orders:    Orders for 2011 were $372.9 million, an increase of $76.2 million or 26% compared to 2010 orders of $296.7 million. During 2011, worldwide demand for machine tools improved considerably compared to 2010 as the global economic conditions continued to improve over the prior year. Included in orders were $12.5 million in 2011 and $35.2 million in 2010 from a China-based supplier to the consumer electronics industry. Exclusive of these large multi-machine orders, 2011 orders were up 38% over 2010. The increase in order activity was experienced in all of our major markets and product lines. Foreign currency translation had a favorable impact on orders of approximately $18.0 million for the year 2011 compared to 2010.

        The following table presents 2011 and 2010 orders by region:

        North America orders increased by $28.2 million or 42% for the year 2011 compared to 2010. The increase in North America orders was driven by strong machine demand which was up $22.0 million or 67% in 2011 compared to 2010. The increase was primarily in the U.S. and was attributable to the strengthening of the U.S. industrial economy and the effectiveness of our restructured channels to market.

        Europe orders increased by $29.8 million or 33% for the year 2011 compared to 2010. Foreign currency translation had a favorable impact of approximately $13.0 million to the overall Europe increase which is primarily attributed to the strengthening of the Swiss Franc. Exclusive of the impact of currency, the increase is mainly attributed to strong machine order activity in Germany, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and Turkey.

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        Asia orders increased by $18.1 million or 13% for the year 2011 compared to 2010. Excluding orders from a China-based supplier to the consumer electronics industry, Asia orders increased by $40.8 million, or 39%, compared to 2010. This increase was heavily influenced by activities in China. Foreign currency translation had a favorable impact of approximately $5.0 million to the overall Asia increase.

        Sales:    Sales for 2011 were $341.6 million, an increase of $84.6 million or 33% compared to 2010 sales of $257.0 million. Included in sales were $14.7 million in 2011 and $29.2 million in 2010 to a China-based supplier to the consumer electronics industry. Excluding these large multi-machine sales, 2011 sales were up 43% over 2010. This increase in sales activities are noted in all regions. Foreign currency translation had a favorable impact of approximately $20.9 million when compared to 2010.

        The following table presents 2011 and 2010 sales by region:

        The geographic mix of sales as a percentage of total sales is shown in the table below:

        North America sales increased by $31.6 million or 54% for the year 2011 compared to 2010. The increase in North America sales was driven by strong machine demand which was up $24.4 million or 106% in 2011 compared to 2010. The increase was primarily in the U.S. and was attributable to the strengthening U.S. industrial economy and the effectiveness of our restructured channels to market.

        Europe sales increased $30.4 million or 41% for the year 2011 compared to 2010. Sales in this region in 2011 were favorably influenced by foreign currency translation of approximately $15.8 million, which was driven by the strength of the Swiss Franc. Exclusive of the impact of currency, the increase is attributed to solid activity levels in Germany, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and Turkey.

        Asia sales increased by $22.6 million or 18% for the year 2011 compared to 2010. Sales to a China-based supplier to the consumer electronics industry were $14.7 million in 2011 and $29.2 million in 2010. Excluding sales to this customer, Asia sales increased by $37.1 million, or 39%, compared to 2010. This 39% increase was driven by strong demand for machine tools, particularly in China. Compared to 2010, excluding sales to the supplier to the consumer electronics industry, sales in China increased $24.3 million in 2011, which contributed 66% of the $37.1 million increase in Asia sales. In addition, foreign currency translation had a favorable impact of approximately $5.1 million to the overall Asia increase.

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        Machine sales represented approximately 77% and 75% of sales in 2011 and 2010, respectively. Sales of non-machine products and services, primarily workholding, repair parts, and accessories made up the balance.

        Gross Profit:    Gross profit was $91.0 million or 26.6% of sales in 2011, compared to $61.3 million, or 23.8% of sales in 2010. The increase in gross profit is attributable to the $84.6 million increase in sales volume as well as higher manufacturing volumes against fixed manufacturing cost. Also contributing to the increase in gross profit was the impact of discounting related to sales that occurred in early 2010 as manufacturers and distributors cut prices in order to reduce inventory in late 2009.

        Selling, General and Administrative Expense:    Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense for the year 2011 was $73.6 million, or 21.5% of sales, compared to $65.7 million, or 25.5% of sales in 2010. SG&A for the year 2010 included charges of $3.5 million for professional services related to an unsolicited tender offer, $0.6 million associated with the settlement of a tax audit in a foreign subsidiary, and $0.3 million related to Jones & Shipman acquisition costs. As a percentage of sales, 2011 SG&A improved by 4.0 percentage points compared to the 2010 SG&A. This improvement is reflective of increasing sales volume and the impact associated with the successful transformation changes to our business model and continued cost control efforts as well as the impact of aforementioned increased costs in 2010. Foreign currency translation had an unfavorable impact of approximately $4.4 million for the year 2011.

        Loss (Gain) on Sale of Assets:    In 2010, we recorded a gain of $1.0 million from sale of assets which was related to the Company's restructuring activity and was primarily in North America. In 2011, the loss on sale of assets was not material.

        Other Expense (Income):    Other expense in 2011 was $0.8 million compared to other income of $0.6 million in 2010. The 2010 other income included a gain of $0.6 million from the acquisition of Jones & Shipman.

        Income (Loss) from Operations:    Income from operations in 2011 was $16.6 million compared to a loss of $2.7 million in 2010. The 2010 loss from operations included $3.5 million for professional services related to an unsolicited tender offer, $0.6 million associated with the settlement of a tax audit in a foreign subsidiary, and $0.3 million related to Jones & Shipman acquisition costs.

        Interest Expense & Interest Income:    Interest expense includes interest incurred on borrowings under our credit facilities, amortization of deferred financing costs associated with these facilities and related commitment fees. Interest expense for the year 2011 was $0.3 million compared to $0.4 million for 2010. The decrease for 2011 compared to 2010 is attributed to lower average interest rates on our existing credit facilities. Interest income was $0.1 million in both 2011 and 2010.

        Income Tax Expense:    Income tax expense in 2011 was $4.4 million compared to $2.2 million for 2010. The effective tax rate was 26.7% in 2011 and 70.7% in 2010. Fundamentally, the income tax expense represents tax expense on profits in certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries. The increase in the income tax expense is the result of an increase in unrecognized tax benefits, and a change in the mix of earnings by country, including those countries where losses cannot be fully benefitted due to valuation allowances.

        We maintain a full valuation allowance on the tax benefits of our U.S., U.K., German, and Canadian deferred tax assets related to tax loss carryforwards in those jurisdictions, as well as all other deferred tax assets of those entities.

        We regularly review recent results and projected future results of operations, as well as other relevant factors, to reconfirm the likelihood that existing deferred tax assets in each tax jurisdiction would be fully recoverable.

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        Net Income (Loss):    Net income for 2011 was $12.0 million or 3.5% of sales, compared to net loss of ($5.2) million or (2.0%) of sales, in 2010. Basic earnings per share for 2011 were $1.03 compared to basic loss per share of ($0.46) in 2010. Diluted earnings per share for 2011 were $1.02 compared to diluted loss per share of ($0.46) in 2010.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

        The Company's principal capital requirements are to fund its operations, including working capital, to purchase and fund improvements to its facilities, machines and equipment, and to fund acquisitions.

        At December 31, 2012, cash and cash equivalents were $26.9 million, compared to $21.7 million at December 31, 2011. The current ratio at December 31, 2012 was 2.36:1 compared to 2.25:1 at December 31, 2011.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

        The table below shows the changes in cash flows from operating activities by component:

        In 2012, $23.4 million cash was provided by operating activities. Cash was primarily provided by collections on accounts receivables, reduced inventory levels, and releases of restricted cash. In addition, improved year-over-year profit also contributed to the improved cash flow. In 2012, cash was used to reduce accounts payable and accrued expenses which decreased due to slowing business activities as a result of lower order levels. Cash was also used in customer deposits which decreased as customer orders were fulfilled and delivered.

        In 2011, $7.1 million cash was used in operating activities. Cash was primarily used to fund accounts receivable growth as business activity levels increased from 2010, and used for inventory growth which increased due to higher demand for our products and the related increase in production levels. Cash was provided by customer deposits which increased due to higher order backlog levels. Cash was also provided by accounts payable which increased primarily due to increased purchasing activities to support production activities.

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Cash Used In Investing Activities:

        The table below shows the changes in cash flows from investing activities by component:

        Net cash used in investing activities was $15.9 million for 2012, compared to $18.3 million in 2011. During 2012, we used $8.8 million, net of cash acquired , to fund the acquisition of Usach Technologies, Inc. Capital expenditures for 2012 were $7.6 million compared to $19.2 million in 2011. Capital expenditures for the expansion of manufacturing facilities in Switzerland and China were $3.3 million and $17.2 million in 2012 and 2011, respectively.

        Capital expenditures in fiscal 2013 are expected to be in the $4.0 million to $5.0 million range for general maintenance capital spending.

Cash (Used in)/ Provided by Financing Activities:

        The table below shows the changes in cash flows from financing activities by component:

        Cash used in financing activities was $3.1 million in 2012, compared to cash provided by financing activities of $16.5 million in 2011. During 2012, the decrease in cash provided by financing activities was due to payments made under our existing credit facilities as well as scheduled principal payments under our long-term debt. Dividend payments increased by $0.4 million in 2012 as a result of an increase in total per share dividends paid in 2012 of $0.08 compared to $0.05 in 2011.

        At December 31, 2012 and 2011, total debt outstanding, including notes payable, was $20.0 million and $21.5 million, respectively.

Credit Facilities and Financing Arrangements:

        We maintain financing arrangements with several financial institutions. These financing arrangements are in the form of long-term loans, credit facilities, or lines of credit. In aggregate, these financing arrangements allow us to borrow up to $80.6 million at December 31, 2012, of which $58.6 million can be borrowed for working capital needs. As of December 31, 2012, $54.3 million was available for borrowing under these arrangements of which $46.1 million was available for working capital needs. Details of these financing arrangements are discussed below.

        In May 2006, Hardinge Taiwan Precision Machinery Limited, an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary in Taiwan, entered into a mortgage loan with a local bank. The principal amount of the loan is

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180.0 million New Taiwanese Dollars ("TWD") ($6.2 million equivalent). The loan, which matures in June 2016, is secured by real property owned and requires quarterly principal payment in the amount of TWD 4.5 million ($0.2 million equivalent). The loan interest rate, 1.745% at December 31, 2012 and 1.75% at December 31, 2011, is based on the bank's one year fixed savings rate plus 0.4%. The principal amount outstanding was TWD 63.0 million ($2.2 million equivalent) at December 31, 2012 and TWD 81.0 million ($2.7 million equivalent) at December 31, 2011.

        In August 2011, Hardinge Precision Machinery (Jiaxing) Company Ltd.("Hardinge Jiaxing"), an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary in China, entered into a loan agreement with a local bank. This agreement, which expires on January 30, 2014, provides up to 25.0 million in Chinese Renminbi ("CNY") ($4.0 million equivalent) for plant construction and fixed assets acquisition purposes. The interest rate, 7.38% at December 31, 2012 and 7.98% at December 31, 2011, is the bank base rate plus a 20% mark-up and is subject to adjustment annually. The agreement calls for scheduled principal repayments in the amounts of CNY 6.0 million ($1.0 million equivalent), CNY 6.0 million ($1.0 million equivalent) and CNY 9.0 million ($1.4 million equivalent) on January 20, 2013, July 20, 2013 and January 30, 2014, respectively. The principal amount outstanding was CNY 21.0 million ($3.4 million equivalent) at December 31, 2012 and CNY 17.0 million ($2.7 million equivalent) at December 31, 2011.

        This loan agreement contains financial covenants pursuant to which the subsidiary is required to continually maintain a ratio of total liabilities to total assets less than 0.65:1.00 and a current ratio of more than 1.0:1.0. In addition, the subsidiary is not allowed to act as a guarantor to any third party. The loan agreement contains customary events of default and acceleration clauses. Additionally, the loan is secured by substantially all of the real property and improvements owned by the subsidiary. At December 31, 2012, we were in compliance with the covenants under the loan agreement.

        In December 2011, L. Kellenberger & Co. AG ("Kellenberger"), an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary in Switzerland, entered into a credit facility with a local bank which provides for borrowing of up to 3.0 million in Swiss Franc ("CHF") ($3.3 million equivalent). Upon entering into the facility, the subsidiary obtained a loan of CHF 3.0 million ($3.3 million equivalent) with a five-year term maturing on December 23, 2016. Interest on the loan accrues at a fixed rate of 2.65%. Beginning in June 2012, payments of principal on the loan in the amount of CHF 150,000 ($0.2 million equivalent) are due on June 30 and December 31 in each remaining year of the term. The principal amount outstanding was CHF 2.7 million ($3.0 million equivalent) at December 31, 2012 and CHF 3.0 million ($3.2 million equivalent) at December 31, 2011.

        All borrowings under this facility are secured by a mortgage on the subsidiary's facility in Romanshorn, Switzerland. The facility is also subject to a minimum equity covenant requirement whereby the equity of the subsidiary must be at least 35% of the subsidiary's balance sheet total assets. At December 31, 2012, we were in compliance with the covenants under the loan agreement.

        In December 2012, Hardinge Jiaxing entered into a secured credit facility with a local bank. This facility, which expires on December 20, 2014 provides up to CNY 34.2 million (approximately $5.5 million) or its equivalent in other currencies for working capital and letter of credit purposes. Borrowings under the credit facility are secured by real property owned by the subsidiary. The interest rate on the credit facility, currently at 6.6%, is based on the basic interest rate as published by the People's Bank of China, plus a 10% mark-up. As of December 31, 2012, there were no borrowings outstanding under this facility.

        In June, 2012, Hardinge Machine Tools B.V., Taiwan Branch, an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary in Taiwan, entered into a new unsecured credit facility. This facility, which expires on May 30, 2013, provides up to $12.0 million, or its equivalent in other currencies, for working capital and export business purposes. This credit facility charges interest at 1.61% and is subject to change by the lender based on market conditions and carries no commitment fees on unused funds. This facility replaced the

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existing $12.0 million facility entered into in July 2011, which expired on May 30, 2012. The principal amounts outstanding for these facilities were $9.0 million and $12.0 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and were included in the notes payable to bank on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

        Kellenberger maintains two separate credit facilities with a bank. The first facility, entered into in August 2009 and subsequently amended in December 2009 and August 2010, provides for borrowing of up to CHF 7.5 million ($8.2 million equivalent) to be used for guarantees, documentary credit, or margin cover for foreign exchange hedging activity with maximum terms of 12 months. The second facility, entered into in August 2009 and amended in June 2010, provides for borrowings of up to CHF 6.0 million ($6.6 million equivalent) to be used for working capital purposes as a limit for cash credits in CHF and/or in any other freely convertible foreign currencies with maximum terms of up to 36 months. The second facility is secured by certain real property owned by the subsidiary. The interest rate charged on these two facilities, currently at London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus 1.188% for a 90-day borrowing, is determined by the bank based on prevailing money and capital market conditions and the bank's risk assessment of the subsidiary. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, there were no borrowings outstanding under these facilities.

        Kellenberger also maintains a credit agreement with another bank. This agreement, entered into in October 2009, provided a credit facility of up to CHF 7.0 million ($7.6 million equivalent) for guarantees, documentary credit and margin cover for foreign exchange trades and of which up to CHF 3.0 million ($3.3 million equivalent) of the facility was available for working capital purposes. The facility was secured by the subsidiary's certain real property up to CHF 3.0 million ($3.3 million equivalent). This agreement was amended in August 2010. The amendment increased the total funds available under the facility to CHF 9.0 million ($9.8 million equivalent), increased the funds available for working capital purposes to CHF $5.0 million ($5.5 million equivalent) and increased the secured amounts to CHF 4.0 million ($4.4 million equivalent). The amended agreement terminates on September 1, 2013 and reverts to its pre-amendment terms. The interest rate, currently at LIBOR plus 2.5% for a 90-day borrowing, is determined by the bank based on the prevailing money and capital market conditions and the bank's assessment of the subsidiary. It carries no commitment fees on unused funds. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, there were no borrowings outstanding under this facility.

        The above Kellenberger credit facilities are subject to a minimum equity covenant requirement where the minimum equity for the subsidary must be at least 35% of its balance sheet total assets. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, we were in compliance with the required covenant.

        In December 2009, we entered into a $10.0 million revolving credit facility with a bank. This facility is subject to annual renewal requirement. In December 2011, we modified the existing facility and increased the facility from $10.0 million to $25.0 million, reduced the interest rate from the daily one-month LIBOR plus 5.00% per annum to daily one-month LIBOR plus 3.50% per annum and extended the maturity date of the facility from March 31, 2012 to March 31, 2013. In December, 2012, we extended the maturity date of the facility to March 31, 2014 and reduced the interest rate from the daily one-month LIBOR plus 3.50% per annum to daily one-month LIBOR plus 2.75% per annum. This credit facility is secured by substantially all of our U.S. assets (exclusive of real property), a negative pledge on our worldwide headquarters in Elmira, NY, and a pledge of 65% of our investment in Hardinge Holdings GmbH. The credit facility is guaranteed by one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, which is the owner of the real property comprising our world headquarters. The credit facility does not include any financial covenants. The principal amounts outstanding under this facility was $2.5 million at December 31, 2012. There were no borrowings outstanding under this facility at December 31, 2011.

        In December, 2012, Usach Technologies, Inc., a directly wholly-owned domestic subsidiary, entered into a variable rate revolving credit facility with a bank that provides up to $2.0 million in financing for working capital needs. This credit facility matures on December 20, 2013. The interest rate is based on

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the daily prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal with a minimum interest rate of 4.0%. This credit facility requires that the subsidiary maintain minimum tangible capital funds of not less than $1.5 million. Tangible capital funds are defined as net worth plus liabilities subordinated to the bank less any intangible assets. At December 31, 2012, there were no borrowings outstanding and we were in compliance with the minimum tangible capital requirement.

        We also have a $3.0 million unsecured short-term line of credit from a bank with interest based on the prime rate with a floor of 5.0% and a ceiling of 16.0%. The agreement is negotiated annually, requires no commitment fee and is payable on demand. There were no borrowings outstanding under this line of credit at December 31, 2012. The principal amount outstanding was $0.5 million at December 31, 2011.

        We maintain a standby letter of credit for potential liabilities pertaining to self-insured workers compensation exposure. The amount of the letter of credit was $1.0 million at December 31, 2012. It expires on March 15, 2013. In total, we had various outstanding letters of credit totaling $15.6 million and $12.9 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

        We lease space for some of our manufacturing, sales and service operations with lease terms up to 10 years and use certain office equipment and automobiles under lease agreements expiring at various dates. Rent expense under these leases totaled $3.0 million, $2.5 million and $2.1 million, during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

        The following table shows our future commitments in effect as of December 31, 2012:

        We have not included the liabilities for uncertain tax positions in the above table as we cannot make a reliable estimate of the period of cash settlement. We have not included pension obligations in the above table as we cannot make a reliable estimate of the timing of employer contributions. In 2013, we expect to make approximately $2.5 million contributions to our foreign defined benefit pension plans and $0.5 million contributions to our domestic supplemental retirement plans. We do not expect to make any cash contribution to our qualified domestic defined benefit pension plan in 2013.

        We believe that the current available funds and credit facilities, along with internally generated funds, will provide sufficient financial resources for ongoing operations throughout 2013.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

        We do not have any off balance sheet arrangements.

Market Risk

        The following information has been provided in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission's requirements for disclosure of exposures to market risk arising from certain market risk sensitive instruments.

        Our earnings are affected by changes in short-term interest rates as a result of our floating interest rate debt. If market interest rates on debt subject to floating interest rates were to have increased by 2% over the actual rates paid in that year, interest expense would have increased by $0.5 million in

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2012 and $0.3 million in 2011. These amounts are determined by considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on the Company's outstanding borrowings.

        Our operations include manufacturing and sales activities in foreign jurisdictions. We currently manufacture our products in China, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States using production components purchased internationally, and we sell our products in those markets as well as other worldwide markets. Our subsidiaries in China, Germany, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom sell products in local currency to customers in those countries. These subsidiaries also transact business in currencies other than their functional currency outside of their home country. As a result of these sales in various currencies and in various countries of the world, our financial results could be significantly affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in the foreign markets in which we distribute our products. Our operating results are exposed to changes in exchange rates between the USD, GBP, CHF, EUR, TWD, CNY and JPY. As a result of having sales, purchases and certain intercompany transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of our subsidiaries, we are exposed to the effect of currency exchange rate changes on our cash flows, earnings and balance sheet. To mitigate this currency risk, we enter into currency forward exchange contracts to hedge significant non-functional currency denominated transactions for periods consistent with the terms of the underlying transactions. Contracts generally have maturities that do not exceed one year.

Discussion of Critical Accounting Policies

        The preparation of our financial statements requires the application of a number of accounting policies which are described in the notes to the financial statements. These policies require the use of assumptions or estimates, which, if interpreted differently under different conditions or circumstances, could result in material changes to the reported results. Following is a discussion of those accounting policies, which were reviewed with our audit committee, and which we feel are most susceptible to such interpretation.

        Accounts Receivable.    We assess the collectability of our trade accounts receivable using a combination of methods. We review large individual accounts for evidence of circumstances that suggest a collection problem might exist. Such situations include, but are not limited to, the customer's past history of payments, its current financial condition as evidenced by credit ratings, financial statements or other sources, and recent collection activities. We provide a reserve for losses based on current payment trends in the economies where we hold concentrations of receivables and provide a reserve for what we believe to be the most likely risk of collectability. In order to make these allowances, we rely on assumptions regarding economic conditions, equipment resale values, and the likelihood that previous performance will be indicative of future results.

        Inventories.    We use a number of assumptions and estimates in determining the value of our inventory. An allowance is provided for the value of inventory quantities of specific items that are deemed to be excessive based on an annual review of past usage and anticipated future usage. While we feel this is the most appropriate methodology for determining excess quantities, the possibility exists that customers will change their buying habits in the future should their own requirements change. Changes in metal-cutting technology can render certain products obsolete or reduce their market value. We continually evaluate changes in technology and adjust our products and inventory carrying values accordingly, either by write-off or by price reductions. Changes in market conditions and realizable selling prices for our machines could reduce the value of our inventory. We continually evaluate the carrying value of our machine inventory against the estimated selling price, less related costs to sell and adjust our inventory carrying values accordingly. However, the possibility exists that a future technological development, currently unanticipated, might affect the marketability of specific products produced by the company.

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        We include in the cost of our inventories a component to cover the estimated cost of manufacturing overhead activities associated with production of our products.

        We believe that being able to offer immediate delivery on many of our products is critical to our competitive success. Likewise, we believe that maintaining an inventory of service parts, with a particular emphasis on purchased parts, is especially important to support our policy of maintaining serviceability of our products. Consequently, we maintain significant inventories of repair parts on many of our machine models, some of which are no longer in production. Our ability to accurately determine which parts are needed to maintain this serviceability is critical to our success in managing this element of our business.

        Goodwill and Intangible Assets.    We have acquired other machine tool companies and, in certain instances, the assets of machine tool companies. When doing so, we have estimated the fair value of the assets acquired, and have used traditional models for establishing purchase price based on EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) multiples and present value of future cash flows. Consequently, the value of goodwill and purchased intangible assets on our balance sheet has been affected by the use of numerous estimates of the value of assets purchased and of future business opportunity. We review goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually or when indictors of impairment are present.

        Net Deferred Tax Assets.    We regularly review the recent results and projected future results of our operations, as well as other relevant factors, to reconfirm the likelihood that existing deferred tax assets in each tax jurisdiction would be fully recoverable.

        Retirement Plans.    We sponsor various defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution plans, and one postretirement benefit plan, all as described in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The calculation of our plan expenses and liabilities require the use of a number of critical accounting estimates. Changes in the assumptions can result in different plan expense and liability amounts, and actual experience can differ from the assumptions. We believe that the most critical assumptions are the discount rate and the expected rate of return on plan assets.

        We annually review the discount rate to be used for retirement plan liabilities. In the U.S., we use bond pricing models based on high grade U.S. corporate bonds constructed to match the projected liability benefit payments. We discounted our future plan liabilities for our U.S. plan using a rate of 4.31% and 5.11% at our plan measurement date of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. We discounted our future plan liabilities for our foreign plans using rates appropriate for each country, which resulted in a blended rate of 2.34% and 3.01% at their measurement dates of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. A change in the discount rate can have a significant effect on retirement plan obligations. For example, a decrease of one percent would increase U.S. pension obligations by approximately $16.9 million. Conversely, an increase of one percent would decrease U.S. pension obligations by approximately $12.9 million. A decrease of one percent in the discount rate would increase the Swiss pension obligations by approximately $14.2 million. Conversely, an increase of one percent would decrease the Swiss pension obligations by approximately $11.7 million.

        A change in the discount rate can also have a significant effect on retirement plan expense. For example, a decrease of one percent would increase U.S. pension expense by approximately $0.1 million. Conversely, an increase of one percent would decrease U.S. pension expense by approximately $0.1 million. A decrease of one percent would increase the Swiss pension expense by approximately $1.3 million. Conversely, an increase of one percent would decrease the Swiss pension expense by approximately $1.2 million.

        The expected rate of return on plan assets varies based on the investment mix of each particular plan and reflects the long-term average rate of return expected on funds invested or to be invested in each pension plan to provide for the benefits included in the pension liability. We review our expected

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rate of return annually based upon information available to us at that time, including the current level of expected returns on risk free investments (primarily government bonds in each market), the historical level of the risk premium associated with the other asset classes in which the portfolio is invested, and the expectations for future returns of each asset class. The expected return for each asset class was then weighted based on the asset allocation to develop the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption. For our domestic plans, the expected rate of return during fiscal 2013 is 7.75%, the same as the rate used for fiscal 2012. For our foreign plans, we used rates of return appropriate for each country which resulted in a blended expected rate of return of 3.91% for fiscal 2013, as compared to 4.07% for fiscal 2012. A change in the expected return on plan assets can also have a significant effect on retirement plan expense. For example, a decrease of one percent would increase U.S. pension expense by approximately $0.8 million. Conversely, an increase of one percent would decrease U.S. pension expense by approximately $0.8 million. A decrease of one percent would increase the Swiss pension expense by approximately $0.8 million. Conversely, an increase of one percent would decrease the Swiss pension expense by approximately $0.8 million.

New Accounting Standards

        Refer to Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of accounting standards we recently adopted or will be required to adopt.

        Certain statements in this report, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words "believes," "project," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "intends," "strategy," "plan," "may," "will," "would," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our expectations will be realized. Such statements are based upon information known to management at this time. The Company cautions that such statements necessarily involve uncertainties and risk and deal with matters beyond the Company's ability to control, and in many cases the Company cannot predict what factors would cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated. Among the many factors that could cause actual results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements are fluctuations in the machine tool business cycles, changes in general economic conditions in the U.S. or internationally, the mix of products sold and the profit margins thereon, the relative success of the Company's entry into new product and geographic markets, the Company's ability to manage its operating costs, actions taken by customers such as order cancellations or reduced bookings by customers or distributors, competitors' actions such as price discounting or new product introductions, governmental regulations and environmental matters, changes in the availability and cost of materials and supplies, the implementation of new technologies and currency fluctuations. Any forward-looking statement should be considered in light of these factors. The Company undertakes no obligation to revise its forward-looking statements if unanticipated events alter their accuracy.

ITEM 7A.—QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

        The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled "Market Risk" in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition, of this Form 10-K.

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ITEM 8—FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Hardinge Inc. and Subsidiaries

        We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Hardinge Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.

        We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Hardinge Inc. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

        We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Hardinge Inc. and Subsidiaries' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 13, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Rochester, New York
March 13, 2013

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

   

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

   

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

   

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

   

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

   

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2012

1. Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

        Hardinge Inc. ("Hardinge", "we", "us" or "the Company") is a machine tool manufacturer, which designs and manufactures computer-numerically controlled cutting lathes, machining centers, grinding machines, collets, chucks, index fixtures and other industrial products. We sell our products to customers in North America, Europe and Asia. A substantial portion of our sales are to small and medium-sized independent job shops, which in turn sell machined parts to their industrial customers. Industries directly and indirectly served by the Company include: aerospace, automotive, communications, computer, construction equipment, defense, energy, farm equipment, medical equipment, recreational equipment and transportation.

Principles of Consolidation

        The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

        Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation.

Use of Estimates

        The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash Equivalents

        Cash equivalents are highly liquid financial instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.

Restricted Cash

        Occasionally, we are required to maintain cash deposits with certain banks with respect to contractual obligations as collateral for customer deposits or foreign exchange forward contracts. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the amount of restricted cash was approximately $2.6 million and $4.6 million, respectively.

Accounts Receivable

        We perform periodic credit evaluations of the financial condition of our customers. No collateral is required for sales made on open account terms. Letters of credit from major banks back the majority of sales in the Asian region. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are generally limited due to the large number of customers comprising our customer base. We consider

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

1. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

trade accounts receivable to be past due when in excess of 30 days past terms, and charge off uncollectible balances when all collection efforts have been exhausted.

        We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $2.3 million and $2.8 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances would result in additional expense to the Company.

Other Current Assets

        Other current assets consist of prepaid insurance, prepaid real estate taxes, prepaid software license agreements, prepaid income taxes and deposits on certain inventory purchases. When applicable, prepayments are expensed on a straight-line basis over the corresponding life of the underlying asset.

Inventories

        Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (computed in accordance with the first-in, first-out method) or market. Elements of cost include raw materials, purchased components, labor and overhead.

        We assess the valuation of our inventories and reduce the carrying value of those inventories that are obsolete or in excess of our forecasted usage to their estimated net realizable value. We estimate the net realizable value of such inventories based on analyses and assumptions including, but not limited to, historical usage, future demand and market requirements. We also review the carrying value of our inventory compared to the estimated selling price less costs to sell and adjust our inventory carrying value accordingly. Reductions to the carrying value of inventories are recorded in cost of goods sold. If future demand for our products is less favorable than our forecasts, inventories may need to be reduced, which would result in additional expense.

Property, Plant and Equipment

        Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Major additions, renewals or improvements that extend the useful lives of assets are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are expensed to operations as incurred. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line and accelerated methods, generally over the following estimated useful lives of the assets:

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

        Goodwill and other separately recognized intangible assets with indefinite lives are not subject to amortization. Annually during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, we review these assets for

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

1. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

impairment. We conduct this impairment review more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. For goodwill, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the applicable reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If, after assessing these events or circumstances, we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of such reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we will proceed to perform a two-step impairment analysis. For other separately recognized intangible assets with indefinite lives, we use a qualitative approach to test such assets for impairment if certain conditions are met. Intangible assets that are determined to have a finite life are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are also subject to review for impairment, if indicators of impairment are identified.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

        We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. To assess whether impairment exists, we use undiscounted cash flows and measure any impairment loss using discounted cash flows. Assets to be held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell and are no longer depreciated.

Income Taxes

        Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the income tax consequences attributable to operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be reversed.

        A valuation allowance is established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets are not expected to be realized. The Company assesses all available positive and negative evidence to determine whether a valuation allowance is needed. Positive and negative evidence to be considered includes scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. Supporting a conclusion that a valuation allowance is not necessary is difficult when there is negative evidence such as cumulative losses in recent years.

        We maintain a full valuation allowance on the tax benefits of our U.S. net deferred tax assets and we expect to continue to record a full valuation allowance on future tax benefits until an appropriate level of profitability in the U.S. is sustained. We also maintain a valuation allowance on our U.K., German, Dutch, and Canadian deferred tax assets related to tax loss carryforwards in those jurisdictions, as well as all other deferred tax assets of those entities. We also maintain a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of one of our Swiss subsidiaries.

        The calculation of our tax liabilities requires significant judgment, the use of estimates and the interpretation and application of complex tax laws. Our provision for income taxes reflects a combination of income earned and taxed in the U.S. and the various states, as well as federal and

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

1. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

provincial jurisdictions in Switzerland, U.K., Canada, Germany, France, the Netherlands, China and Taiwan. Jurisdictional tax law changes, increases or decreases in permanent differences between book and tax items, accruals or adjustments of accruals for tax contingencies or valuation allowances, and the change in the mix of earnings from these taxing jurisdictions all affect the overall effective tax rate.

        The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions using a more likely than not recognition threshold in accordance with ASC 740. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are included as a component of income tax expense.

Revenue Recognition

        Revenue from product sales is generally recognized upon shipment, provided persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the sales price is fixed or determinable, collectability is reasonably assured, and the title and risk of loss have passed to the customer. Sales are recorded net of discounts, customer sales incentives and returns. Discounts and customer sales incentives are typically negotiated as part of the sales terms at the time of sale and are recorded as a reduction of revenue. The Company does not routinely permit customers to return machines. In the rare case that a machine return is permitted, a restocking fee is typically charged. Returns of spare parts and workholding products are limited to a period of 90 days subsequent to purchase, excluding special orders which are not eligible for return. An estimate of returns, which is not significant, is recorded as a reduction of revenue and is based on historical experience. Transfer of ownership and risk of loss are generally not contingent upon contractual customer acceptance. Prior to shipment, each machine is tested to ensure the machine's compliance with standard operating specifications as listed in our promotional literature. On an exception basis, where larger multiple machine installations are delivered which require run-offs and customer acceptance at their facility, revenue is recognized in the period of customer acceptance.

Sales Tax/VAT

        We collect and remit taxes assessed by different governmental authorities that are both imposed on and concurrent with revenue producing transactions between the Company and its customers. These taxes may include sales, use and value-added taxes. We report the collection of these taxes on a net basis (excluded from revenues).

Shipping and Handling Costs

        Shipping and handling costs are recorded as part of cost of goods sold.

Warranties

        We offer warranties for our products. The specific terms and conditions of those warranties vary depending upon the product sold and the country in which we sold the product. We generally provide a basic limited warranty for a period of one to two years. We estimate the costs that may be incurred under our basic limited warranty, based largely upon actual warranty repair cost history and record a

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

1. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

liability for such costs when that product revenue is recognized. The resulting accrual balance is reviewed during the year. Factors that affect our warranty liability include the number of installed units, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, and cost per claim.

        We also sell extended warranties for some of our products. These extended warranties usually cover a 12-24 month period that begins after the basic warranty expires. Revenue from extended warranties are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis across the term of the warranty contract.

        These liabilities are reported in accrued expenses on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Research and Development Costs

        The costs associated with research and development programs for new products and significant product improvements are expensed as incurred as a component of cost of goods sold. Research and development expenses totaled $12.1 million, $12.2 million and $9.4 million in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Foreign Currency Translation and Re-measurement

        The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Net assets are translated at month end exchange rates while income, expense and cash flow items are translated at average exchange rates for the applicable period. Translation adjustments are recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency denominated transactions are included as a component of other income and expense in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

        Financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable, notes payable, long-term debt and foreign currency forwards. See Note 10 for additional disclosure.

Derivative Financial Instruments

        As a multinational Company, we are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates that could affect our results of operations and financial condition. To manage this risk, we enter into derivative instruments namely in the form of foreign currency forwards. Our derivative instruments are held to hedge economic exposures, such as fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on balance sheet exposures of both trade and intercompany assets and liabilities. We hedge this exposure with contracts settling in less than a year. These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Gains or losses resulting from the changes in the fair value of these hedging contracts are recognized immediately in earnings. We have some forward contracts to hedge certain customer orders and vendor firm commitments. These contracts which are for less than two years have maturity dates in alignment with our contractual payment requirements. These derivatives qualify for hedge accounting treatment and are designated as cash flow hedges. Unrealized gains or losses resulting from the changes in the fair value of these hedging contracts are charged to other

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

1. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

comprehensive income (loss). Gains or losses on any ineffective portion of the contracts are recognized in earnings.

Stock-Based Compensation

        We account for stock-based compensation based on the estimated fair value of the award as of the grant date and recognize as expense the value of the award over the requisite service period.

Earnings Per Share

        We calculate earnings per share using the two-class method. Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Net income (loss) available to common shareholders represents net income (loss) reduced by the allocation of earnings to participating securities. Losses are not allocated to participating securities. Diluted earnings per common share are calculated by adjusting the weighted average outstanding shares to assume conversion of all potentially dilutive stock options.

        Unvested stock-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and are included in the earnings allocation in the earnings per share calculation under the two-class method. Recipients of restricted stock issued prior to 2011 are entitled to receive non-forfeitable dividends during the vesting period, therefore, meeting the definition of a participating security.

2. Net Inventories

        Net inventories consist of the following:

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

3. Property, Plant and Equipment

        Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:

        Depreciation expense was $6.0 million, $6.1 million and $5.7 million for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

        During 2010, we recognized a gain of $1.0 million on the sale of assets primarily related to the sale of machinery and equipment classified as "held for sale" at the Elmira, NY manufacturing facility.

4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

        A summary of goodwill activities follows:

        In 2012, we recorded $8.5 million in goodwill and $9.4 million in other identifiable intangible assets associated with a business acquisition. See Footnote 17 for a detailed discussion of this acquisition. The gross carrying value of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $32.3 million and $23.8 million, respectively. Accumulated impairment losses were $23.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Continued)

        Summary of the major components of intangible assets other than goodwill are as follows:

        Amortization expense related to these amortizable intangible assets was $0.8 million for 2012, 2011 and 2010 respectively. The aggregated amortization expense on existing intangible assets for each of the next five years is approximately $1.5 million, $1.2 million, $1.1 million, $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

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HARDINGE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

5. Financing Arrangements

        We maintain financing arrangements with several financial institutions. These financing arrangements are in the form of long-term loans, credit facilities, or lines of credit. In aggregate, these financing arrangements allow us to borrow up to $80.6 million at December 31, 2012, of which $58.6 million can be borrowed for working capital needs. As of December 31, 2012, $54.3 million was available for borrowing under these arrangements of which $46.1 million was available for working capital needs. Total consolidated borrowings outstanding were $20.0 million at December 31, 2012 and $21.5 million at December 31, 2011. Details of these financing arrangements are discussed below.

Long-term Debt

        Long-term debt consists of:

        The annual maturities of long-term debt for each of the five years after December 31, 2012, are as follows:

        In May 2006, Hardinge Taiwan Precision Machinery Limited, an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary in Taiwan, entered into a mortgage loan with a local bank. The principal amount of the loan is 180.0 million New Taiwanese Dollars ("TWD") ($6.2 million equivalent). The loan, which matures in June 2016, is secured by real property owned and requires quarterly principal payment in the amount of TWD 4.5 million ($0.2 million equivalent). The loan interest rate, 1.745% at December 31, 2012 and 1.75% at December 31, 2011, is based on the bank's one year fixed savings rate plus 0.4%. The principal amount outstanding was TWD 63.0 million ($2.2 million equivalent) at December 31, 2012 and TWD 81.0 million ($2.7 million equivalent) at December 31, 2011.

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5. Financing Arrangements (Continued)

        In August 2011, Hardinge Precision Machinery (Jiaxing) Company Ltd.("Hardinge Jiaxing"), an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary in China, entered into a loan agreement with a local bank. This agreement, which expires on January 30, 2014, provides up to 25.0 million in Chinese Renminbi ("CNY") ($4.0 million equivalent) for plant construction and fixed assets acquisition purposes. The interest rate, 7.38% at December 31, 2012 and 7.98% at December 31, 2011, is the bank base rate plus a 20% mark-up and is subject to adjustment annually. The agreement calls for scheduled principal repayments in the amounts of CNY 6.0 million ($1.0 million equivalent), CNY 6.0 million ($1.0 million equivalent) and CNY 9.0 million ($1.4 million equivalent) on January 20, 2013, July 20, 2013 and January 30, 2014, respectively. The principal amount outstanding was CNY 21.0 million ($3.4 million equivalent) at December 31, 2012 and CNY 17.0 million ($2.7 million equivalent) at December 31, 2011.

        This loan agreement contains financial covenants pursuant to which the subsidiary is required to continually maintain a ratio of total liabilities to total assets less than 0.65:1.00 and a current ratio of more than 1.0:1.0. In addition, the subsidiary is not allowed to act as a guarantor to any third party. The loan agreement contains customary events of default and acceleration clauses. Additionally, the loan is secured by substantially all of the real property and improvements owned by the subsidiary. At December 31, 2012, we were in compliance with the covenants under the loan agreement.

        In December 2011, L. Kellenberger & Co. AG ("Kellenberger"), an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary in Switzerland, entered into a credit facility with a local bank which provides for borrowing of up to 3.0 million in Swiss Franc ("CHF") ($3.3 million equivalent). Upon entering into the facility, the subsidiary obtained a loan of CHF 3.0 million ($3.3 million equivalent) with a five-year term maturing on December 23, 2016. Interest on the loan accrues at a fixed rate of 2.65%. Beginning in June 2012, payments of principal on the loan in the amount of CHF 150,000 ($0.2 million equivalent) are due on June 30 and December 31 in each remaining year of the term. The principal amount outstanding was CHF 2.7 million ($3.0 million equivalent) at December 31, 2012 and CHF 3.0 million ($3.2 million equivalent) at December 31, 2011.

        All borrowings under this facility are secured by a mortgage on the subsidiary's facility in Romanshorn, Switzerland. The facility is also subject to a minimum equity covenant requirement whereby the equity of the subsidiary must be at least 35% of the subsidiary's balance sheet total assets. At December 31, 2012, we were in compliance with the covenants under the loan agreement.

Credit Facilities and Other Financing Arrangements

Foreign Credit Facilities

        In December 2012, Hardinge Jiaxing entered into a secured credit facility with a local bank. This facility, which expires on December 20, 2014 provides up to CNY 34.2 million (approximately $5.5 million) or its equivalent in other currencies for working capital and letter of credit purposes. Borrowings under the credit facility are secured by real property owned by the subsidiary. The interest rate on the credit facility, currently at 6.6%, is based on the basic interest rate as published by the People's Bank of China, plus a 10% mark-up. As of December 31, 2012, there were no borrowings outstanding under this facility.

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5. Financing Arrangements (Continued)

        In June, 2012, Hardinge Machine Tools B.V., Taiwan Branch, an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary in Taiwan, entered into a new unsecured credit facility. This facility, which expires on May 30, 2013, provides up to $12.0 million, or its equivalent in other currencies, for working capital and export business purposes. This credit facility charges interest at 1.61% and is subject to change by the lender based on market conditions and carries no commitment fees on unused funds. This facility replaced the existing $12.0 million facility entered into in July 2011, which expired on May 30, 2012. The principal amounts outstanding for these facilities were $9.0 million and $12.0 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and were included in the notes payable to bank on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

        Kellenberger maintains two separate credit facilities with a bank. The first facility, entered into in August 2009 and subsequently amended in December 2009 and August 2010, provides for borrowing of up to CHF 7.5 million ($8.2 million equivalent) to be used for guarantees, documentary credit, or margin cover for foreign exchange hedging activity with maximum terms of 12 months. The second facility, entered into in August 2009 and amended in June 2010, provides for borrowings of up to CHF 6.0 million ($6.6 million equivalent) to be used for working capital purposes as a limit for cash credits in CHF and/or in any other freely convertible foreign currencies with maximum terms of up to 36 months. The second facility is secured by certain real property owned by the subsidiary. The interest rate charged on these two facilities, currently at London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus 1.188% for a 90-day borrowing, is determined by the bank based on prevailing money and capital market conditions and the bank's risk assessment of the subsidiary. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, there were no borrowings outstanding under these facilities.

        Kellenberger also maintains a credit agreement with another bank. This agreement, entered into in October 2009, provided a credit facility of up to CHF 7.0 million ($7.6 million equivalent) for guarantees, documentary credit and margin cover for foreign exchange trades and of which up to CHF 3.0 million ($3.3 million equivalent) of the facility was available for working capital purposes. The facility was secured by the subsidiary's certain real property up to CHF 3.0 million ($3.3 million equivalent). This agreement was amended in August 2010. The amendment increased the total funds available under the facility to CHF 9.0 million ($9.8 million equivalent), increased the funds available for working capital purposes to CHF $5.0 million ($5.5 million equivalent) and increased the secured amounts to CHF 4.0 million ($4.4 million equivalent). The amended agreement terminates on September 1, 2013 and reverts to its pre-amendment terms. The interest rate, currently at LIBOR plus 2.5% for a 90-day borrowing, is determined by the bank based on the prevailing money and capital market conditions and the bank's assessment of the subsidiary. It carries no commitment fees on unused funds. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, there were no borrowings outstanding under this facility.

        The above Kellenberger credit facilities are subject to a minimum equity covenant requirement where the minimum equity for the subsidary must be at least 35% of its balance sheet total assets. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, we were in compliance with the required covenant.

Domestic Credit Facilities

        In December 2009, we entered into a $10.0 million revolving credit facility with a bank. This facility is subject to annual renewal requirement. In December 2011, we modified the existing facility and increased the facility from $10.0 million to $25.0 million, reduced the interest rate from the daily

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DECEMBER 31, 2012

5. Financing Arrangements (Continued)

one-month LIBOR plus 5.00% per annum to daily one-month LIBOR plus 3.50% per annum and extended the maturity date of the facility from March 31, 2012 to March 31, 2013. In December, 2012, we extended the maturity date of the facility to March 31, 2014 and reduced the interest rate from the daily one-month LIBOR plus 3.50% per annum to daily one-month LIBOR plus 2.75% per annum. This credit facility is secured by substantially all of our U.S. assets (exclusive of real property), a negative pledge on our worldwide headquarters in Elmira, NY, and a pledge of 65% of our investment in Hardinge Holdings GmbH. The credit facility is guaranteed by one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, which is the owner of the real property comprising our world headquarters. The credit facility does not include any financial covenants. The principal amounts outstanding under this facility was $2.5 million at December 31, 2012. There were no borrowings outstanding under this facility at December 31, 2011.

        In December, 2012, Usach Technologies, Inc., a directly wholly-owned domestic subsidiary, entered into a variable rate revolving credit facility with a bank that provides up to $2.0 million in financing for working capital needs. This credit facility matures on December 20, 2013. The interest rate is based on the daily prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal with a minimum interest rate of 4.0%. This credit facility requires that the subsidiary maintain minimum tangible capital funds of not less than $1.5 million. Tangible capital funds are defined as net worth plus liabilities subordinated to the bank less any intangible assets. At December 31, 2012, there were no borrowings outstanding and we were in compliance with the minimum tangible capital requirement.

        We also have a $3.0 million unsecured short-term line of credit from a bank with interest based on the prime rate with a floor of 5.0% and a ceiling of 16.0%. The agreement is negotiated annually, requires no commitment fee and is payable on demand. There were no borrowings outstanding under this line of credit at December 31, 2012. The principal amount outstanding was $0.5 million at December 31, 2011.

        We maintain a standby letter of credit for potential liabilities pertaining to self-insured workers compensation exposure. The amount of the letter of credit was $1.0 million at December 31, 2012. It expires on March 15, 2013. In total, we had various outstanding letters of credit totaling $15.6 million and $12.9 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

6. Income Taxes

        The Company's pre-tax income (loss) for domestic and foreign sources is as follows:

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6. Income Taxes (Continued)

        Significant components of income tax expense (benefit) attributable to continuing operations are as follows:

        The following is a reconciliation of income tax expense computed at the United States statutory rate to amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Operations:

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6. Income Taxes (Continued)

        Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

        Current deferred tax assets of $2.2 million and $1.6 million for 2012 and 2011, respectively, are reported in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Non-current deferred tax assets of $0.6 million and $0.9 million for 2012 and 2011, respectively, are reported in other non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

        In 2012, the valuation allowance decreased by $5.0 million. $2.7 million of the decrease is due to changes in the Company's existing U.S. valuation allowance as a result of its acquisition of Usach Technologies, Inc. which resulted in an income tax benefit. The remaining decrease of $2.3 million was due to operational results in the U.S., U.K., Germany, Switzerland, Canada, France, and the Netherlands, offset by an increase in minimum pension liabilities in the U.S. and other items recorded in other comprehensive income (loss).

        In 2011, the valuation allowance increased by $9.1 million. $2.4 million of the increase was due to operational results in the U.S., U.K., Germany, and the Netherlands, and an increase of $6.7 million due to the net increase in minimum pension liabilities in the U.S. and the U.K., and other items recorded in other comprehensive income (loss).

        At December 31, 2012, we have U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $61.5 million and $28.6 million, respectively, which expire from 2023 through 2031. If certain substantial changes in the Company's ownership occur, there would be an annual limitation on the amount of the

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6. Income Taxes (Continued)

carryforwards that can be utilized. The U.S. net operating loss includes approximately $2.1 million of the net operating loss carryforwards for which a benefit will be recorded in additional paid in capital on the Consolidated Balance Sheets when realized. In addition, we have state investment tax credits of $6.9 million which have no expiration date. We also have foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $44.7 million, of which $14.6 million will expire between 2017 through 2032, and of which $ 30.1 million have no expiration date.

        At the end of 2012, the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, which amounted to approximately $119.1 million, are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, no provision for taxes has been provided thereon. Given the complexities of the foreign tax credit calculations, it is not practicable to compute the tax liability that would be due upon distribution of those earnings in the form of dividends or liquidation or sale of our foreign subsidiaries.

        We had been granted a tax holiday in China which expired in 2011. For 2011, our tax rate for our Chinese subsidiary was 24% and our tax rate in China was 25% in 2012.

        A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of uncertain tax positions is as follows:

        If recognized, essentially all of the uncertain tax positions and related interest at December 31, 2012 would be recorded as a benefit to income tax expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. It is reasonably possible that certain of our uncertain tax positions pertaining to our foreign operations may change within the next 12 months due to audit settlements and statute of limitations expirations. We estimate the change in uncertain tax positions for these items to be between $0.1 million and $0.9 million.

        We record interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The net increase in interest and net reduction in penalties were immaterial for 2012 and 2011. Accrued interest related to the uncertain tax positions was $0.7 million and $0.5 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Accrued penalties related to uncertain tax positions were $0.2 million and $0.2 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The accrued interest and penalties are reported in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

        The tax years 2011 and 2012 remain open to examination by the U.S. federal taxing authorities. The tax years 2008 through 2012 remain open to examination by the U.S. state taxing authorities. For

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6. Income Taxes (Continued)

our other major jurisdictions (Switzerland, U.K., Taiwan, Germany, Netherlands and China); the tax years between 2006 and 2012 generally remain open to routine examination by foreign taxing authorities, depending on the jurisdiction.

7. Warranty

        A reconciliation of the changes in our product warranty accrual is as follows:

8. Industry Segment and Foreign Operations

        Summary of domestic and foreign operations consist of the following:

        Sales attributable to European and Asian operations are based on those sales generated by subsidiaries located in Europe and Asia.

        Inter-area sales are accounted for at prices comparable to normal, unaffiliated customer sales, reduced by estimated costs not incurred on these sales.

        We have no single customer who accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated sales in 2012 or 2011. In 2010, a customer who is a supplier to the consumer electronics industry accounted for 10.7% of our consolidated sales.

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8. Industry Segment and Foreign Operations (Continued)

        Machine sales accounted for approximately 78% of 2012 sales, 77% of 2011 sales and 75% of 2010 sales. Sales of non-machine products and services, primarily workholding, repair parts and accessories made up the balance.

        Summary of sales to external customers by country is as follows:

        Summary of net property, plant and equipment by country is as follows:

9. Employee Benefits

Pension and Postretirement Plans

        We provide a qualified defined benefit pension plan covering all eligible domestic employees hired before March 1, 2004. The plan bases benefits upon both years of service and earnings through June 15, 2009. Our policy is to fund at least an amount necessary to satisfy the minimum funding requirements of ERISA. For our foreign plans, contributions are made on a monthly basis and are governed by their governmental regulations. Each foreign plan requires employee and employer contributions except Hardinge Taiwan, which requires only employer contributions. In 2010, we permanently froze the accrual of benefits under the domestic plan and one of our foreign plans.

        Domestic employees hired on or after March 1, 2004 have retirement benefits under our 401(k) defined contribution plan. After one year of service, we will contribute 4% of an employee's pay and

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9. Employee Benefits (Continued)

will further match 25% of the first 4% that the employee contributes. The June 15, 2009 suspension of the 25% company match as well as the 4% company contribution to the 401(k) plan was rescinded on January 1, 2011. We made contributions of $1.4 million and $0.1 million in 2012 and 2011, respectively. In conjunction with the permanent freeze of benefit accruals under the domestic defined benefit pension plan, employees that were actively participating in the domestic defined benefit pension plan became eligible to receive company contributions in the 401(k) plan. Additionally, upon reaching age 50, employees who were age 40 or older as of January 1, 2011 and were participants in the domestic defined benefit pension plan are provided enhanced employer contributions in the 401(k) plan to compensate for the loss of future benefit accruals under the defined benefit pension plan. We recognized $1.6 million and $1.5 million of expense for the domestic defined contribution plan in 2012 and 2011, respectively. Employees may contribute additional funds to the plan for which there is no required company match. All employer and employee contributions are invested at the direction of the employees in a number of investment alternatives, one being Hardinge Inc. common stock.

        As a result of the permanent freeze to the accrual of benefits under the domestic plan and one of our foreign plans, we realized a net curtailment gain of $0.3 million in 2010. In 2012, we recognized a $3.2 million prior service credit in two of our foreign pension plans as a result of a plan amendment that changed the interest rates used to convert lump sums to annuity payments. This change is consistent with the lower interest rate environment in the jurisdiction which these two pension plans exist.

        We provide a contributory retiree health plan covering all eligible domestic employees who retired at normal retirement age prior to January 1, 1993 and all retirees who have or will retire at normal retirement age after January 1, 1993 with at least 10 years of active service. Employees who elect early retirement on or after reaching age 55 are eligible for the plan benefits if they have 15 years of active service at retirement. Benefit obligations and funding policies are at the discretion of management. We also provide a non-contributory life insurance plan to retirees who meet the same eligibility criteria as required for retiree health insurance. Because the amount of liability relative to this plan is insignificant, it is combined with the health plan for purposes of this disclosure.

        In 2009 and 2008, we offered a Voluntary Early Retirement Program ("VERP") to eligible employees. Employees were eligible to participate in the VERP if the sum of their current age and length of service equaled 94 years. The VERP covers post-retirement health care costs for 60 months or until Medicare coverage begins, whichever occurs first. Through December 31, 2012, we have recognized $1.1 million in costs for the 2009 and 2008 VERP, of which $0.2 million and $0.4 million are included within the postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

        Increases in the cost of the retiree health plan are paid by the participants with the exception of premium costs for eligible employees who retired under a VERP. For each VERP retiree, we pay the premium in excess of a scheduled amount until they reach Medicare eligibility or for a period not to exceed five years at which point the retiree assumes responsibility for any premium increases.

        The discount rate for determining benefit obligations in the postretirement benefits plan was 4.21% and 4.92% at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The change in the discount rate increased the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2012 by $0.2 million.

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9. Employee Benefits (Continued)

        A summary of the pension and postretirement benefits plans' funded status and amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows:

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9. Employee Benefits (Continued)

        The projected benefit obligations for the foreign pension plans included in the amounts above were $104.3 million and $92.9 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The plan assets for the foreign pension plans included above were $94.8 million and $82.4 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

        The accumulated benefit obligations for the foreign and domestic pension plans were $218.6 million and $196.0 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

        The following information is presented for pension plans where the projected benefit obligations exceeded the fair value of plan assets (all plans except one Swiss plan in 2012 and 2011):

        The following information is presented for pension plans where the accumulated benefit obligations exceeded the fair value of plan assets (all plans except Taiwan and one Swiss plan in 2012 and 2011):

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9. Employee Benefits (Continued)

        A summary of the components of net periodic pension cost and postretirement benefit costs for the consolidated company is presented below. The pension cost includes an executive supplemental pension plan.

        A summary of the changes in pension and postretirement benefits recognized in other comprehensive loss is presented below:

        The net periodic benefit cost for the foreign pension plans included in the amounts above was $1.9 million, $1.8 million, and $1.7 million, for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

        We expect to recognize $3.2 million of net loss, $0.3 million credit related to transition assets and $0.4 million of net prior service credit as components of net periodic pension cost in 2013 for our defined benefit pension plans. We expect to recognize $0.3 million of net prior service credit as a component of net periodic postretirement benefit cost in 2013.

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9. Employee Benefits (Continued)

        Actuarial assumptions used to determine pension costs and other postretirement benefit costs include:

        Actuarial assumptions used to determine pension obligations and other postretirement benefit obligations include:

        For our domestic and foreign plans (except for the Taiwan plan), discount rates used to determine the benefit obligations are based on the yields on high grade corporate bonds in each market with maturities matching the projected benefit payments. The discount rate for the Taiwan plan is based on the yield on long-dated government bonds plus a spread. To develop the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption, for our domestic and foreign plans, we considered the current level of expected returns on risk free investments (primarily government bonds) in each market, the historical level of the risk premium associated with the other asset classes in which the portfolio is invested, and the expectations for future returns of each asset class. The expected return for each asset class was then weighted based on the asset allocation to develop the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption.

Investment Policies and Strategies

        For the domestic defined benefit pension plan, the plan targets an asset allocation of approximately 55% equity securities, 36% debt securities and 9% other. For the foreign defined benefit pension plans, the plans target blended asset allocation of 41% equity securities, 45% debt securities and 14% other.

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9. Employee Benefits (Continued)

        Given the relatively long horizon of our aggregate obligation, our investment strategy is to improve and maintain the funded status of our domestic and foreign plans over time without exposure to excessive asset value volatility. We manage this risk primarily by maintaining actual asset allocations between equity and fixed income securities for the plans within a specified range of its target asset allocation. In addition, we ensure that diversification across various investment subcategories within each plan are also maintained within specified ranges.

        Our domestic and foreign pension assets are managed by outside investment managers and held in trust by third-party custodians. The selection and oversight of these outside service providers is the responsibility of management, investment committees, plan trustees and their advisors. The selection of specific securities is at the discretion of the investment manager and is subject to the provisions set forth by written investment management agreements, related policy guidelines and applicable governmental regulations regarding permissible investments and risk control practices.

Cash flows

Contributions

        Our funding policy is to contribute to our defined benefit pension plans when pension laws and economics either require or encourage funding. The domestic plan is the largest of all our defined benefit pension plans. The contributions to this plan for the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 totaled $5.3 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

        During 2012, Congress enacted the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act ("MAP-21"). In the short-term, MAP-21 will increase the discount rates used to determine funding liabilities, resulting in significantly lower pension contributions. As a result of MAP-21, no contributions are expected to be made to our domestic defined benefit pension plan during the year ending December 31, 2013. We also provide defined benefit pension plans or defined contribution retirement plans for our foreign subsidiaries. The expected contributions to be paid during the year ending December 31, 2013 to the foreign defined benefit pension plans are $2.5 million. For each of our foreign plans, contributions are made on a monthly basis and are determined by their governmental regulations. Also, each of the foreign plans requires employee and employer contributions, except for Taiwan, which has only employer contributions.

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9. Employee Benefits (Continued)

Estimated Future Benefit Payments

        The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:

Foreign Operations

        We also have employees in certain foreign countries that are covered by defined contribution retirement plans and other employee benefit plans. Related obligations and costs charged to operations for these plans are not material. The foreign entities with defined benefit pension plans are included in the consolidated pension plans described earlier within this footnote.

10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

        Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Depending on the nature of the asset or liability, various techniques and assumptions can be used to estimate fair value. We are using the following fair value hierarchy definition:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities.

Level 3—Inputs for which significant valuation assumptions are unobservable in a market and therefore value is based on the best available data, some of which is internally developed and considers risk premiums that a market participant would require.

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10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued)

        The following table presents our financial instruments measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis:

 

        The fair value of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are based on the fair values of identical assets in active markets. The fair value of notes payable to bank and variable interest rate debt are based on the present value of expected future cash flows. Due to the short period to maturity or the nature of the underlying liability, the fair value of notes payable to bank and variable interest rate debt approximates their respective carrying amounts. The contingent purchase price payment represents the contingent liabilities associated with the earn-out provisions from the 2012 acquisition of Usach Technologies, Inc. and 2010 acquisition of Jones Shipman (refer to Footnote 17 for a detailed discussion of these acquisitions) . The fair value of the contingent purchase price payment is based on the present value of the estimated aggregated payment amount. The fair value of foreign currency forward contracts is measured using internal models based on observable market inputs such as spot and forward rates. Based on our continued ability to enter into forward contracts, we consider the markets for our fair value instruments to be active. As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, there were no significant transfers in and out of Level 1 and Level 2.

        As described in Footnote 17, the Company completed an acquisition in 2012. The fair value measurements for the acquired intangible assets were calculated using discounted cash flow analyses which rely upon significant unobservable Level 3 inputs which include the following:

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10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued)

        The following table presents the fair value on our Consolidated Balance Sheets of the foreign currency forward contracts:

        During 2011, we did not have any significant nonrecurring measurements of nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities.

Pension Plan Assets

        The fair values and classification of our defined benefit plan assets is as follows:

 

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10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued)

        A summary of the changes in the fair value of the defined benefit plans assets classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy is as follows:

        Most of our defined benefit pension plan's Level 1 assets are debt and equity investments that are traded in active markets, either domestically or internationally. They are measured at fair value using closing prices from active markets. The Level 2 assets are typically investments in pooled funds, which are measured based on the value of their underlying assets that are publicly traded with observable values. The fair value of our Level 3 plan assets are measured by compiling the portfolio holdings and independently valuing the securities in those portfolios.

11. Derivative Financial Instruments

        We utilize foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the impact of currency fluctuations on monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency as well as on forecasted transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our subsidiary with the exposure. Generally these contracts have a term of less than one year and are considered derivative instruments. The valuations of these derivatives are measured at fair value using internal models based on observable market inputs such as spot and forward rates, and are recorded as either assets or liabilities. We use a group of highly rated domestic and international banks in order to mitigate counterparty risk on our forward contracts.

        For contracts that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the unrealized gains or losses on the contracts are reported as a component of other comprehensive income ("OCI") and are reclassified

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

11. Derivative Financial Instruments (Continued)

from accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") into earnings on the Consolidated Statements of Operations when the hedged transaction affects earnings. We affect the sales line where the underlying exposure is a sales order and cost of sales line where the underlying exposure is a purchase order. As of December 31, 2012, we expect immaterial amount of the unrealized gain or loss on these contracts to be reclassified from AOCI into earnings over the next 12 months. During 2012, we reclassified $0.2 million and $0.7 million from AOCI to the Consolidated Statements of Operations as an increase in sales and cost of goods sold, respectively. The amounts reclassified from AOCI to sales and cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were not material. For contracts that are not designated as hedges, the gains and losses on the contracts are recognized in current earnings as other (income) expense.

        Notional amounts of the derivative financial instruments not qualifying or designated as hedges were $60.5 million at December 31, 2012 and $47.6 million at December 31, 2011. The net gain realized related to this type of derivative financial instruments was immaterial in 2012. We realized losses of $1.9 million and gains of $1.4 million related to this type of derivative financial instruments in 2011 and 2010, respectively. The gains and losses were recorded in other expense (income) on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

        Derivative financial instruments qualifying and designated as hedges are as follows:

12. Commitments and Contingencies

        The Company is a defendant in various lawsuits as a result of normal operations and in the ordinary course of business. Management believes the outcome of these lawsuits will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

        Our operations are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to environmental matters. Certain environmental laws can impose joint and several liabilities for releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances upon certain statutorily defined parties regardless of fault or the lawfulness of the original activity or disposal. Hazardous substances and adverse environmental effects have been identified with respect to real property we own and on adjacent parcels of real property.

        In particular, our Elmira, NY manufacturing facility is located within the Kentucky Avenue Wellfield on the National Priorities List of hazardous waste sites designated for cleanup by the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") because of groundwater contamination. The Kentucky Avenue Wellfield Site (the "Site") encompasses an area which includes sections of the Town of Horseheads and the Village of Elmira Heights in Chemung County, NY. In February 2006, the Company received a Special Notice Concerning a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study ("RI/FS") for the Koppers Pond (the "Pond") portion of the Site. The EPA documented the release and threatened release of hazardous substances into the environment at the Site, including releases into and

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

12. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

in the vicinity of the Pond. The hazardous substances, including metals and polychlorinated biphenyls, have been detected in sediments in the Pond.

        Until receipt of this Special Notice in February 2006, the Company had never been named as a potentially responsible party ("PRP") at the Site nor had the Company received any requests for information from the EPA concerning the Site. Environmental sampling on our property within this Site under supervision of regulatory authorities had identified off-site sources for such groundwater contamination and sediment contamination in the Pond, and found no evidence that our operations or property have contributed or are contributing to the contamination. We have notified all appropriate insurance carriers and are actively cooperating with them, but whether coverage will be available has not yet been determined and possible insurance recovery cannot now be estimated with any degree of certainty.

        A substantial portion of the Pond is located on our property. The Company, along with Beazer East, Inc., the Village of Horseheads, the Town of Horseheads, the County of Chemung, CBS Corporation and Toshiba America, Inc., the PRPs, have agreed to voluntarily participate in the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study ("RI/FS") by signing an Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order of Consent on September 29, 2006. On September 29, 2006, the Director of Emergency and Remedial Response Division of the EPA, Region II, approved and executed the Agreement on behalf of the EPA. The PRPs also signed a PRP Member Agreement, agreeing to share the cost of the RI/FS study on a per capita basis.

        The EPA approved the RI/FS Work Plan in May of 2008. On September 7, 2011, the PRPs submitted the draft Remedial Investigation Report to the EPA and on January 10, 2013, the draft Feasibility Study. The draft Feasibility Study identified alternative remedial actions with estimated life-cycle costs ranging from $0.7 million to $3.4 million. We estimate that our portion of the potential costs range from $0.1 million to $0.5 million.

        Based on the current estimated costs of the various remedial alternatives now under consideration by the EPA, we have recorded a reserve of $0.2 million for the Company's share of remediation expenses at the Pond. This reserve is reported as an accrued expense on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

        We believe, based upon information currently available that, except as described in the preceding paragraphs, we will not have material liabilities for environmental remediation. Though the foregoing reflects the Company's current assessment as it relates to environmental remediation obligations, it is possible that future remedial requirements or changes in the enforcement of existing laws and regulations, which are subject to extensive regulatory discretion, will result in material liabilities to the Company.

        We lease space for some of our manufacturing, sales and service operations with lease terms up to 10 years and use certain office equipment and automobiles under lease agreements expiring at various dates. Rent expense under these leases totaled $3.0 million, $2.5 million and $2.1 million, during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

12. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

        At December 31, 2012, future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows:

        The Company has entered into written employment contracts with its executive officers. The currently effective term of the employment agreements is one year and the agreements contain an automatic, successive one-year extension unless either party provides the other with 60 days prior notice of termination. In the case of a change in control, as defined in the employment contracts, the term of each officer's employment will be automatically extended for a period of two years following the date of the change in control. These employment contracts also provide for severance payments in the event of specified termination of employment, the amount of which is increased upon certain termination events to the extent such events occur within a twelve month period following a change in control.

13. Shareholders' Equity

Common Shares Outstanding

        As of December 31, 2012, the Company has 20,000,000 common shares of stock authorized and 12,472,992 shares issued. On December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, we had 11,732,714, 11,659,012 and 11,607,289 shares of common stock outstanding, respectively.

Treasury Shares

        The number of shares of common stock in treasury was as follows:

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

14. Earnings Per Share

        We calculate earnings per share using the two class method. Details of the calculations of earnings (loss) per share are as follows:

        145,262, 161,299 and 150,262 shares of certain stock-based awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, as they were anti-dilutive.

15. Stock Based Compensation

        On May 3, 2011, our shareholders approved the 2011 Incentive Stock Plan (the "Plan"). The Plan's purpose is to enhance the profitability and value of the Company for the benefit of its shareholders by attracting, retaining, and motivating officers and other key employees who make important contributions to the success of the Company. The Plan reserves 750,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock (as such amount may be adjusted in accordance with the terms of the Plan, the "Authorized Plan Amount") to be issued for grants of several different types of incentives including incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock incentives, and performance share incentives. Any shares of Common Stock granted under options or stock appreciation rights shall be counted against the Authorized Plan Amount on a one-for-one basis and any shares of Common Stock granted as awards other than options or stock appreciation rights shall be counted against the Authorized Plan Amount as two (2) shares of Common Stock for every one (1) share of Common Stock subject to such award. Authorized and issued shares of Common Stock

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

15. Stock Based Compensation (Continued)

or previously issued shares of Common Stock purchased by the Company for purposes of the Plan may be issued under the Plan.

        Our 2002 Incentive Stock Plan authorized various long-term incentives (the "2002 Plan"). Subsequent to May 3, 2011, no grants have or will be made under the 2002 Plan. However, all outstanding awards and grants under the 2002 Plan will remain in effect until the end of the corresponding terms of such awards and grants.

        All of our stock-based compensation to employees is recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the fair value at the grant date of the award. These non-cash compensation costs were included in the depreciation and amortization amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

        A summary of stock-based compensation expense is as follows:

        Restricted stock/unit awards, performance share incentives and stock options are the only award types currently outstanding. Restricted stock/unit awards and performance share incentives are discussed below. Stock option activity is not significant.

Restricted Stock/Unit Awards

        We award restricted stock/units (the "RSA") to employees. RSAs vest at the end of the service period and are subject to forfeiture as well as transfer restrictions. During the vesting period, the RSAs are held by the Company and the recipients are entitled to exercise rights pertaining to such shares, including the right to vote such shares. Recipients of RSAs awarded under the 2002 Plan have non-forfeitable rights to receive cash dividends as any other common stock holders.

        The RSAs are valued based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of the grant. The total deferred compensation associated with the RSAs awarded in 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $0.6 million, $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The deferred compensation is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the specified service period, which ranges from three to six years for all outstanding RSAs.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

15. Stock Based Compensation (Continued)

        All outstanding RSAs are unvested. A summary of the RSA activity is as follows:

Performance Share Incentives

        We award performance share incentives ("PSI") to employees. PSIs are expressed as shares of the Company's common stock. They are earned only if the Company meets specific performance targets over the specified performance period. During this period, PSI recipients have no voting rights. When we declare dividends, such dividends are deemed to be paid to the recipients. We withhold and accumulate the deemed dividends until such point that the PSIs are earned. If the PSIs are not earned, the accrued dividends are forfeited. The payment of PSIs can be in cash, or in the Company's common stock, or a combination of the two, at the discretion of the Company. The PSIs were first awarded to employees in 2011.

        All outstanding PSIs are unvested. A summary of the PSI activity is as follows:

        The PSIs are valued based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of the grant. The total deferred compensation associated with the PSIs awarded in 2012 and 2011 was $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The deferred compensation is being recognized into earnings based on the passage of time and achievement of performance targets. The performance period of the 2012 awards starts on January 1, 2013, and, as such, we did not record any 2012 expense associated with this grant.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

16. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

        Balances of the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of accumulated tax effect, are as follows:

17. Acquisitions

Acquisition of Usach Technologies, Inc.

        On December 20, 2012, the Company acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Usach Technologies, Inc. ("Usach"), an Illinois based manufacturer of high precision grinding machines and systems, for $18.3 million. The purchase price was comprised of $11.3 million in cash and an earn-out provision valued at $7.0 million. The earn-out is based on the future economic performance of Usach as measured against certain minimum thresholds of earnings from operations before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization through 2015. The maximum contractual earn-out is $7.5 million. The contingent liability associated with the earn-out is recorded in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The results of operations of Usach have been included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. We expensed acquisition related costs of $0.3 million in 2012 and recorded it in selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The acquisition of Usach is not considered significant to the Company's consolidated financial position and results of operations.

        The purchase price has been assigned to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their fair values. The identifiable intangible assets acquired, which primarily consist of customer relationships, trade name and technical know-how, were valued using an income approach. The weighted average life of the identifiable intangible assets acquired was estimated at 16.4 years at the time of acquisition. The excess purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill, which is not deductable for tax purposes. At December 31, 2012, the purchase price allocation is preliminary pending the finalization of the fair value of the net assets acquired.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

17. Acquisitions (Continued)

        The preliminary allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is as follows:

Acquisition of the Assets of Jones & Shipman

        On April 7, 2010, the Company acquired certain assets of Jones and Shipman Precision Limited, a UK based manufacturer of grinding and super-abrasive machines and machining systems, for GBP 2.0 million ($3.2 million equivalent) and established Jones & Shipman Grinding Limited ("J&S"), a UK based wholly-owned subsidiary. The results of operations of J&S have been included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. We expensed acquisition related costs of $0.3 million in 2010 and recorded it in selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The acquisition of J&S is not considered significant to the Company's consolidated financial position and results of operations.

        The acquisition agreement contains provisions for a contingent purchase price payment based on sales target through March 31, 2014 with a maximum payment of GBP 0.3 million ($0.5 million equivalent). Based on the Company's forecasted revenue over this period, the fair value of this contingent purchase price was GBP 0.3 million ($0.5 million equivalent) as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. This contingent liability is recorded in accrued expense on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

        The purchase price has been assigned to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their fair values. The weighted average life of the identifiable intangible assets acquired was estimated at 6.6 years at the time of acquisition. The fair value of the net assets acquired exceeded the purchase price; accordingly, a gain of GBP 0.4 million (approximately $0.6 million) was recorded in 2010 within other expense (income) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

17. Acquisitions (Continued)

        The allocation of purchase price to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of December 31, 2010 is as follows:

18. Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

        Summarized quarterly financial information for 2012 and 2011 is as follows:

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2012

18. Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) (Continued)

 

        Due to the changes in outstanding shares from quarter to quarter, the total earnings per share of the four quarters may not necessarily equal the earnings per share for the year.

19. New Accounting Standards

        In May 2011, Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued authoritative guidance to achieve common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS. This pronouncement changes certain fair value measurement guidance and expands certain disclosure requirements. We adopted this pronouncement on January 1, 2012. The adoption of this pronouncement did not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

        In June 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that requires companies to present items of net income, items of other comprehensive income and total comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. This guidance eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholder's equity. We adopted this pronouncement on January 1, 2012. Except for the new presentation requirement, the adoption of this pronouncement did not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

        In December 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance to defer the changes related to the presentation of reclassification adjustments of items out of accumulated other comprehensive income. This is to allow the FASB time to consider whether such adjustments should be presented on the face of the financial statements for all periods presented. We adopted this pronouncement on January 1, 2012. The adoption of this pronouncement did not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

        In February 2013, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that requires companies to report, in one place, information about reclassification of items out of accumulated other comprehensive income. We will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2013. We do not expect that adoption of this

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DECEMBER 31, 2012

19. New Accounting Standards (Continued)

pronouncement will have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

        In December 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on the presentation of netting assets and liabilities as a single amount in the balance sheet. This pronouncement amends and expands current disclosure requirements on offsetting and requires companies to disclose information about offsetting and related arrangements. This pronouncement is effective for our fiscal year that begins January 1, 2013 and is to be applied retrospectively. We do not expect that adoption of this pronouncement will have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

        In July 2012, the FASB issued amendment to its guidance on testing indefinitely-lived intangible assets for impairment. This pronouncement provides an option for companies to use a qualitative approach to test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment if certain conditions are met. This pronouncement is effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this pronouncement in 2012. The adoption of this pronouncement did not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

        In September 2011, the FASB issued amended accounting guidance relating to testing goodwill for impairment. The amendments provide the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. We adopted this pronouncement in 2012. The adoption of this pronouncement did not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

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ITEM 9.—CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

        None

ITEM 9A.—CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Management's Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

        Management of the Company, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness as of December 31, 2012 of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

        Based upon this evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2012.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

        The management of Hardinge Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012 based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on that evaluation, management has concluded that it maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012.

        Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, as part of their audit, has issued their attestation report, included herein, on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012.

Changes in Internal Control

        There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Shareholders
of Hardinge Inc. and Subsidiaries

        We have audited Hardinge Inc. and Subsidiaries' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Hardinge Inc. and Subsidiaries' management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

        We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

        Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

        In our opinion, Hardinge Inc. and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on the COSO criteria.

        We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Hardinge Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 of Hardinge Inc. and Subsidiaries and our report dated March 13, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Rochester, New York
March 13, 2013

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PART III

ITEM 10.—DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

        Certain information required by this item such as: the identity of the Board of Directors and, those directors determined by the Board to be independent; the members of the Audit Committee, all of whom have been determined by the Board to be independent; the Audit Committee member determined by the Board to be the financial expert; and the Shareholders Nominating Procedures are all incorporated by reference from the Registrant's proxy statement to be filed with the Commission on or about March 27, 2013. Additional information required to be furnished by Item 401 of Regulation S-K is as follows:

List of Executive Officers of the Registrant

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CODE OF ETHICS

        Our Board of Directors adopted the Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive and the Senior Financial Officers and the Code of Conduct for Directors and Executive Officers which supplement the Code of Conduct governing all employees and directors. A copy of all said Codes is available on our website at www.hardinge.com. We will also provide a copy of the said Codes to shareholders upon request. To obtain a copy of one or more of the Codes, please write to Manager of Reporting, Hardinge Inc., One Hardinge Drive, Elmira, New York 14902. We will disclose future amendments to, or waivers from, the said Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive and Senior Financial Officers on our website within four business days following the date of such amendment or waiver.

ITEM 11.—EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

        The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the Registrant's proxy statement to be filed with the Commission on or about March 27, 2013.

ITEM 12.—SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS

        The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the Registrant's proxy statement to be filed with the Commission on or about March 27, 2013.

ITEM 13.—CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

        The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the Registrant's proxy statement to be filed with the Commission on or about March 27, 2013.

ITEM 14.—PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.

        The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the Registrant's proxy statement to be filed with the Commission on or about March 27, 2013.

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PART IV.

ITEM 15.—EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K

 

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ITEM 15(a) Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

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SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

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