SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended: 30 June 2009
Commission file number 1-10691
DIAGEO plc
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
England
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organisation)
8 Henrietta Place, London, W1G 0NB, England
(Address of principal executive offices)
Paul Tunnacliffe Company Secretary
Tel: +44 20 7927 5200 Fax: +44 20 7927 4600
8 Henrietta Place, London W1G 0NB, England
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered | |
American Depositary Shares Ordinary shares of 28101/108 pence each |
New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange* |
*Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares representing such ordinary shares, pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the Annual Report: 2,821,857,259 ordinary shares of 28101/108 pence each.
Indicate
by check mark if each registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ý No o
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if each registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes o No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether each registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated
filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large Accelerated Filer ý Accelerated Filer o Non-Accelerated
Filer o
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP o | International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ý |
Other o |
If "Other" has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 o Item 18 o
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
This document comprises the annual report on Form 20-F and the annual report to shareholders for the year ended 30 June 2009 of Diageo plc (the 2009 Form 20-F). Reference is made to the cross reference to Form 20-F table on pages 219 to 221 hereof (the Form 20-F Cross reference table). Only (i) the information in this document that is referenced in the Form 20-F Cross reference table, (ii) the cautionary statement concerning forward-looking statements on pages 26 and 27 and (iii) the Exhibits, shall be deemed to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for any purpose, including incorporation by reference into the Registration Statements on Form F-3 File Nos. 333-110804, 333-132732 and 333-153488 and Registration Statements on Form S-8 File Nos. 333-153481 and 333-154338, and any other documents, including documents filed by Diageo plc pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which purport to incorporate by reference the 2009 Form 20-F. Any information herein which is not referenced in the Form 20-F Cross reference table, or the Exhibits themselves, shall not be deemed to be so incorporated by reference.
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1 | Historical information | |
6 |
Business description |
|
6 | Strategy | |
7 | Premium drinks | |
20 | Disposed businesses | |
21 | Risk factors | |
26 | Cautionary statement concerning forward-looking statements | |
28 |
Business review |
|
28 | Introduction | |
30 | Operating results 2009 compared with 2008 | |
49 | Operating results 2008 compared with 2007 | |
65 | Trend information | |
65 | Recent developments | |
66 | Liquidity and capital resources | |
70 | Contractual obligations | |
71 | Off-balance sheet arrangements | |
71 | Risk management | |
74 | Market risk sensitivity analysis | |
75 | Critical accounting policies | |
77 | New accounting standards | |
78 |
Directors and senior management |
|
83 | Directors' remuneration report | |
105 | Corporate governance report | |
120 | Directors' report | |
123 |
Consolidated financial statements |
|
124 | Report of independent registered public accounting firm | |
125 | Consolidated income statement | |
126 | Consolidated statement of recognised income and expense | |
127 | Consolidated balance sheet | |
128 | Consolidated cash flow statement | |
129 | Accounting policies of the group | |
136 | Notes to the consolidated financial statements | |
199 | Principal group companies | |
200 |
Report of independent registered public accounting firm internal controls |
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202 |
Unaudited computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges and preferred share dividends |
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203 |
Additional information for shareholders |
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203 | Legal proceedings | |
203 | Related party transactions | |
203 | Material contracts | |
203 | Share capital | |
206 | Memorandum and articles of association | |
211 | Exchange controls | |
211 | Documents on display | |
211 | Taxation | |
216 | Signature | |
217 | Exhibits | |
219 | Cross reference to Form 20-F |
Contents (continued) |
||
222 |
Glossary of terms and US equivalents |
|
Exhibit 12.1 | ||
Exhibit 12.2 | ||
Exhibit 13.1 | ||
Exhibit 13.2 | ||
Exhibit 15.1 |
This is the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Diageo plc for the year ended 30 June 2009. The information set out in this Form 20-F does not constitute Diageo plc's statutory accounts under the UK Companies Acts for the years ended 30 June 2009, 2008 or 2007. KPMG Audit Plc has reported on those accounts; their audit reports were (i) unqualified, (ii) did not include a reference to any matters to which the auditors drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying their report and (iii) did not contain a statement under section 237 (2) or (3) of the Companies Act 1985 in respect of the accounts for the years ended 30 June 2008 or 2007 nor a statement under section 498 (2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006 in respect of the accounts for the year ended 30 June 2009. The accounts for 2008 and 2007 have been delivered to the registrar of companies and those for 2009 will be delivered in due course.
This document contains forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainty. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, including factors beyond Diageo's control. For more details, please refer to the cautionary statement concerning forward-looking statements on pages 26 and 27.
This report includes names of Diageo's products, which constitute trademarks or trade names which Diageo owns or which others own and license to Diageo for use. In this report, the term 'company' refers to Diageo plc and terms 'group' and 'Diageo' refer to the company and its consolidated subsidiaries, except as the context otherwise requires. A glossary of terms used in this report is included at the end of the document.
Diageo's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as endorsed and adopted for use in the European Union (EU) and IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). References to IFRS hereafter should be construed as references to both IFRS as adopted by the EU and IFRS as issued by the IASB. Unless otherwise indicated, all financial information contained in this document has been prepared in accordance with IFRS.
The brand ranking information presented in this report, when comparing volume information with competitors, has been sourced from data published during 2009 by Impact Databank. Market data information is taken from industry sources in the markets in which Diageo operates.
Information presented
Percentage movements in this document are organic movements unless otherwise stated. These movements and operating margins are before exceptional items. Commentary, unless otherwise stated refers to organic movements. Share, unless otherwise stated, refers to volume share. See the 'Business review' for an explanation of organic movement calculations. The financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2009 have been prepared in accordance with IFRS.
The content of the company's website (www.diageo.com) should not be considered to form a part of or be incorporated into this Form 20-F.
The following table presents selected consolidated financial data for Diageo prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as endorsed and adopted for use in the European Union (EU) and IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) for the five years ended 30 June 2009 and as at the respective year ends. References to IFRS hereafter should be construed as references to both IFRS as adopted by the EU and IFRS as issued by the IASB, unless otherwise indicated. Consolidated financial data was prepared in accordance with IFRS for the first time for the year ended 30 June 2006, following the implementation of IFRS by the group, and the data for the year ended 30 June 2005 was adjusted accordingly to IFRS. The data presented below has been derived from Diageo's audited consolidated financial statements.
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|
Year ended 30 June | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Notes | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
|
|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
|||||||||||||
Income statement data |
|||||||||||||||||||
Sales |
12,283 | 10,643 | 9,917 | 9,704 | 8,968 | ||||||||||||||
Operating profit |
2 | 2,443 | 2,226 | 2,159 | 2,044 | 1,731 | |||||||||||||
Profit for the year |
|||||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
2,3 | 1,723 | 1,571 | 1,417 | 1,965 | 1,326 | |||||||||||||
Discontinued operations |
4 | 2 | 26 | 139 | | 73 | |||||||||||||
Total profit for the year |
2,3 | 1,725 | 1,597 | 1,556 | 1,965 | 1,399 | |||||||||||||
pence |
pence |
pence |
pence |
pence |
|||||||||||||||
Per share data |
|||||||||||||||||||
Dividend per share |
5 | 36.10 | 34.35 | 32.70 | 31.10 | 29.55 | |||||||||||||
Earnings per share |
|||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
|||||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
65.1 | 58.3 | 50.2 | 67.2 | 42.8 | ||||||||||||||
Discontinued operations |
0.1 | 1.0 | 5.2 | | 2.4 | ||||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share |
65.2 | 59.3 | 55.4 | 67.2 | 45.2 | ||||||||||||||
Diluted |
|||||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
64.9 | 57.9 | 49.9 | 66.9 | 42.8 | ||||||||||||||
Discontinued operations |
0.1 | 1.0 | 5.1 | | 2.4 | ||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share |
65.0 | 58.9 | 55.0 | 66.9 | 45.2 | ||||||||||||||
million |
million |
million |
million |
million |
|||||||||||||||
Average shares |
2,485 | 2,566 | 2,688 | 2,841 | 2,972 | ||||||||||||||
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As at 30 June | |||||||||||||||||
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2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
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|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
|||||||||||||
Balance sheet data |
|||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
18,096 | 16,027 | 13,956 | 13,927 | 13,921 | ||||||||||||||
Net borrowings |
6 | 7,419 | 6,447 | 4,845 | 4,082 | 3,706 | |||||||||||||
Equity attributable to the parent company's |
3,221 | 3,498 | 3,972 | 4,502 | 4,459 | ||||||||||||||
Called up share capital |
7 | 797 | 816 | 848 | 883 | 883 |
1
Historical information (continued)
Notes to the historical information
1 Accounting policies The financial statements for the four years ended 30 June 2009 were prepared in accordance with IFRS. Extracts from the income statement and balance sheet as of and for the year ended 30 June 2005 presented here have been restated under IFRS as applied by the group from financial information previously reported in accordance with UK GAAP. The group adopted the provisions of IAS 39 Financial instruments: recognition and measurement from 1 July 2005. As permitted under IFRS 1 First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, financial instruments in the year ended 30 June 2005 remain recorded in accordance with previous UK GAAP accounting policies, and the adjustment to IAS 39 was reflected in the consolidated balance sheet at 1 July 2005. The IFRS accounting policies applied by the group to the financial information in this document are presented in 'Accounting policies of the group' in the financial statements.
2 Exceptional items These are items which, in management's judgement, need to be disclosed by virtue of their size or incidence in order for the user to obtain a proper understanding of the financial information. Such items are included within the income statement caption to which they relate. An analysis of exceptional items before taxation for continuing operations is as follows:
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Year ended 30 June | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
|||||||||||
Exceptional items (charged)/credited to operating profit |
||||||||||||||||
Global restructuring programme |
(166 | ) | | | | | ||||||||||
Restructuring of Irish brewing operations |
(4 | ) | (78 | ) | | | | |||||||||
Disposal of Park Royal property |
| | 40 | | | |||||||||||
Park Royal brewery accelerated depreciation |
| | | | (29 | ) | ||||||||||
Seagram integration costs |
| | | | (30 | ) | ||||||||||
Thalidomide Trust |
| | | | (149 | ) | ||||||||||
Disposal of other property |
| | | | 7 | |||||||||||
|
(170 | ) | (78 | ) | 40 | | (201 | ) | ||||||||
Other exceptional items |
||||||||||||||||
Gain on disposal of General Mills shares |
| | | 151 | 221 | |||||||||||
Gains/(losses) on disposal and termination of businesses |
| 9 | (1 | ) | 6 | (7 | ) | |||||||||
|
| 9 | (1 | ) | 157 | 214 | ||||||||||
Tax exceptional items |
||||||||||||||||
Tax credit in respect of exceptional operating items |
37 | 8 | | | 58 | |||||||||||
Tax credit in respect of other exceptional items |
| | | 2 | 20 | |||||||||||
Tax credit in respect of settlements agreed with tax authorities |
155 | | | 313 | | |||||||||||
|
192 | 8 | | 315 | 78 | |||||||||||
Total exceptional items |
22 | (61 | ) | 39 | 472 | 91 | ||||||||||
3 Taxation The taxation charge deducted from income for the year was £292 million (2008 £522 million; 2007 £678 million; 2006 £181 million; 2005 £599 million). Included in the taxation charge were the following items: in the year ended 30 June 2009, a net tax credit of £155 million in
2
Historical information (continued)
respect of settlements agreed with tax authorities which gave rise to changes in the value of deferred tax assets and tax provisions, and a tax credit of £37 million on exceptional items; in the year ended 30 June 2008, a tax credit of £8 million on exceptional operating items; in the year ended 30 June 2007, a net tax charge of £24 million from intra group reorganisations of brand businesses, a reduction in the carrying value of deferred tax assets primarily following a reduction in tax rates of £74 million, and a provision for settlement of tax liabilities related to the GrandMet/Guinness merger of £64 million; in the year ended 30 June 2006, an exceptional tax credit of £315 million arose principally as a consequence of the agreement with fiscal authorities of the carrying values of certain brands, which resulted in an increase to the group's deferred tax assets of £313 million; and in the year ended 30 June 2005, there were £58 million of tax credits on exceptional operating items and £20 million of tax credits on exceptional business disposals.
4 Discontinued operations Discontinued operations in the years ended 30 June 2009, 30 June 2008, 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2005 are adjustments in respect of the former quick service restaurants business (Burger King, sold 13 December 2002) and the former packaged food business (Pillsbury, sold 31 October 2001).
5 Dividends The board expects that in each year Diageo will pay an interim dividend in April and a final dividend in October. Approximately 40% of the total dividend in respect of any financial year is expected to be paid as an interim dividend and approximately 60% as a final dividend. The payment of any future dividends, subject to shareholder approval, will depend upon Diageo's earnings, financial condition and such other factors as the board deems relevant. Proposed dividends are not considered to be a liability until they are approved by the board for the interim dividend and by the shareholders at the annual general meeting for the final dividend. The information provided in the tables above and below represents the amounts payable in respect of the relevant financial year, and the final dividend amount included in these tables represents the dividend proposed by the directors but not approved by the shareholders and therefore is not reflected as a deduction from reserves at the balance sheet date.
The table below sets out the amounts of interim, final and total cash dividends paid by the company on each ordinary share. The dividends are translated into US dollars per ADS (each ADS representing four ordinary shares) at the noon buying rate on each of the respective dividend payment dates.
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|
Year ended 30 June | |||||||||||
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|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||
|
|
pence |
pence |
pence |
pence |
pence |
|||||||
Per ordinary share |
Interim | 13.90 | 13.20 | 12.55 | 11.95 | 11.35 | |||||||
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Final | 22.20 | 21.15 | 20.15 | 19.15 | 18.20 | |||||||
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Total | 36.10 | 34.35 | 32.70 | 31.10 | 29.55 | |||||||
|
$ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||
Per ADS |
Interim | 0.82 | 1.05 | 0.99 | 0.84 | 0.85 | |||||||
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Final | 1.47 | 1.46 | 1.64 | 1.43 | 1.29 | |||||||
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Total | 2.29 | 2.51 | 2.63 | 2.27 | 2.14 | |||||||
Note: Subject to shareholder approval, the final dividend for the year ended 30 June 2009 will be paid on 19 October 2009 and payment to US ADR holders will be made on 23 October 2009. In the table above, an exchange rate as of 30 June 2009 of £1 = $1.65 has been used to calculate this dividend, but
3
Historical information (continued)
the exact amount of the payment to US ADR holders will be determined by the rate of exchange on 19 October 2009.
6 Definitions Net borrowings are defined as total borrowings (short term borrowings and long term borrowings plus finance lease obligations), interest rate fair value hedging instruments and foreign currency swaps and forwards, less cash and cash equivalents and other liquid resources. Other liquid resources represent amounts with an original maturity date of greater than three months but less than one year.
7 Share capital The called up share capital represents the par value of ordinary shares of 28101/108 pence in issue. There were 2,754 million ordinary shares in issue and fully paid up at the balance sheet date (2008 2,822 million; 2007 2,931 million; 2006 3,051 million; 2005 3,050 million). Of these, 23 million are held in employee share trusts (2008 26 million; 2007 33 million; 2006 42 million; 2005 43 million) and 255 million are held as treasury shares (2008 279 million; 2007 281 million; 2006 252 million; 2005 86 million). Shares held in employee share trusts and treasury shares are deducted in arriving at equity attributable to the parent company's equity shareholders.
During the year ended 30 June 2009, the company repurchased 38 million ordinary shares as part of its share buyback programmes at a cost including fees and stamp duty of £354 million (2008 97 million ordinary shares, cost of £1,008 million; 2007 141 million ordinary shares, cost of £1,405 million; 2006 164 million ordinary shares, cost of £1,407 million; 2005 94 million ordinary shares, cost of £710 million) and 6 million ordinary shares to be held as treasury shares for hedging share scheme grants provided to employees during the year at a cost of £63 million (2008 11 million ordinary shares, cost of £124 million; 2007 9 million ordinary shares, cost of £82 million; 2006 2 million ordinary shares, cost of £21 million; 2005 nil, £nil). In addition the company utilised 0.3 million ordinary shares held as treasury shares with an historical purchase cost of £3 million to satisfy options exercised by employees during the year (2008 1 million ordinary shares, cost of £11 million; 2007 1 million ordinary shares, cost of £10 million; 2006 and 2005 nil, £nil).
8 Exchange rates A substantial portion of the group's assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses are denominated in currencies other than pounds sterling. For a discussion of the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the company's financial condition and results of operations, see 'Business review Risk management'.
The following table shows period end and average US dollar/pound sterling noon buying exchange rates, for the periods indicated, expressed in US dollars per £1.
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Year ended 30 June | |||||||||||||||
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|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
|
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
|||||||||||
Year end |
1.65 | 1.99 | 2.01 | 1.85 | 1.79 | |||||||||||
Average rate(a) |
1.60 | 2.01 | 1.93 | 1.78 | 1.86 |
4
Historical information (continued)
The following table shows period end, high, low and average US dollar/pound sterling noon buying exchange rates by month, for the six month period to 31 August 2009, expressed in US dollars per £1.
|
2009 | ||||||||||||||||||
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|
August | July | June | May | April | March | |||||||||||||
|
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
|||||||||||||
Month end | 1.63 | 1.67 | 1.65 | 1.62 | 1.48 | 1.43 | |||||||||||||
Month high | 1.70 | 1.67 | 1.66 | 1.62 | 1.50 | 1.47 | |||||||||||||
Month low | 1.62 | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.49 | 1.44 | 1.37 | |||||||||||||
Average rate(b) | 1.65 | 1.64 | 1.64 | 1.54 | 1.47 | 1.42 |
The average exchange rate for the period 1 to 7 September 2009 was £1=$1.63 and the noon buying rate on 7 September 2009 was £1=$1.63.
5
Diageo is the world's leading premium drinks business with a collection of international brands. Diageo was the eighteenth largest publicly quoted company in the United Kingdom in terms of market capitalisation on 7 September 2009, with a market capitalisation of approximately £24 billion.
Diageo plc is incorporated as a public limited company in England and Wales. Diageo plc's principal executive office is located at 8 Henrietta Place, London W1G 0NB and its telephone number is +44 (0) 20 7927 5200.
Diageo is a major participant in the branded beverage alcohol industry and operates globally. It brings together world-class brands and a management team committed to the maximisation of shareholder value. The management team expects to continue its strategy of investing in global brands, expanding internationally and launching innovative new products and brands.
Diageo produces and distributes a leading collection of branded premium spirits, beer and wine. The wide range of premium brands it produces and distributes includes Smirnoff vodka, Johnnie Walker scotch whisky, Baileys Original Irish Cream liqueur, Captain Morgan rum, JeB scotch whisky, Tanqueray gin and Guinness stout. In addition it also has the distribution rights for the José Cuervo tequila brands in North America and many other markets.
Diageo is the world's leading premium drinks business and operates on an international scale. It is one of a small number of premium drinks companies that operate across spirits, beer and wine. Diageo is the leading premium spirits business in the world by volume, by net sales and by operating profit and it manages eight of the world's top 20 spirits brands as defined by Impact Databank. Diageo's beer brands include the only global stout brand, Guinness, and together these beer brands account for approximately 22% of net sales while Diageo's wine brands represent approximately 6% of Diageo's net sales.
Diageo's size provides for scale efficiencies in production, selling and marketing. This enables cost efficiencies and the dissemination of best practices in business operations across markets and brands, allowing Diageo to serve its customers and consumers better.
All of the above factors enable Diageo to attract and retain talented individuals with the capabilities to contribute to the delivery of Diageo's strategy, which is to focus on premium drinks to grow its business through organic sales and operating profit growth and the acquisition of premium drinks brands that add value for shareholders.
Diageo's brands have broad consumer appeal across geographies, and the company and its employees are proud of the responsible manner in which the brands are marketed and the role that moderate consumption of these brands plays in the lives of many people.
Diageo acknowledges that like many other products when misused, alcohol may lead to health or social problems for the individual or society as a whole. Diageo seeks to be at the forefront of industry efforts to promote responsible drinking and works with other stakeholders to combat alcohol misuse. Diageo's approach is based on three principles: combating alcohol misuse; setting world-class standards for responsible marketing and innovation; and promoting a shared understanding of what responsible drinking means in order to reduce alcohol-related harm.
Market participation Diageo targets its geographical priorities in terms of the major regional economies in which it operates. These markets are managed under four business areas: North America, Europe, International and Asia Pacific. The North American business area comprises the United States
6
Business description (continued)
and Canada. The European business area comprises Great Britain, Ireland, Iberia, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, and Russia and Eastern Europe. The International business area comprises Latin America and the Caribbean (including Mexico), Africa and the Global Travel and Middle East business. The Asia Pacific business area comprises India, The People's Republic of China, South Korea, Japan and other Asian markets, Australia and New Zealand. North America accounts for the largest proportion of Diageo's operating profit.
Product offering Diageo manages its brands in terms of global priority brands, local priority brands and category brands. Acting as the main focus for the business, global priority brands are Diageo's primary growth drivers across markets. Local priority brands have leading positions in the markets in which they are distributed. They drive growth on a significant scale but with a narrower geographical reach than the global priority brands. Category brands comprise the smaller scale brands in Diageo's collection.
Business effectiveness Over the long term, Diageo's strategy continues to focus on driving growth and increasing shareholder value.
Incorporation Diageo was originally incorporated as Arthur Guinness Son & Company Limited on 21 October 1886. The group was formed by the merger of Grand Metropolitan Public Limited Company (GrandMet) and Guinness PLC (the Guinness Group).
Diageo is engaged in a broad range of activities within the beverage alcohol industry, with products trading in approximately 180 markets around the world. Its operations include producing, distilling, brewing, bottling, packaging, distributing, developing and marketing a range of brands. Diageo markets a wide range of recognised beverage alcohol brands including a number of the world's leading spirits and beer brands. In calendar year 2008, the Diageo brand range included 17 of the top 100 premium distilled spirits brands worldwide.
References to ready to drink products in this document include progressive adult beverages in the United States and certain markets supplied by the United States. References to Smirnoff ready to drink include Smirnoff Ice, Smirnoff Black Ice, Smirnoff Twisted V, Smirnoff Mule, Smirnoff Spin, Smirnoff Storm, Smirnoff Caipiroska, Smirnoff Signatures and Smirnoff Cocktails. References to Smirnoff Black Ice include Smirnoff Ice Triple Black in the United States and Smirnoff Ice Double Black in Australia. In the year ended 30 June 2009, Diageo sold 113.4 million equivalent units of spirits (including ready to drink), 24.7 million equivalent units of beer and 3.2 million equivalent units of wine. In the year ended 30 June 2009, ready to drink products contributed 6.2 million equivalent units of total volume, of which Smirnoff ready to drink variants accounted for 4.1 million equivalent units. Volume has been measured on an equivalent units basis to nine litre cases of spirits. An equivalent unit represents one nine litre case of spirits, which is approximately 272 servings. A serving comprises 33 ml of spirits, 165 ml of wine, or 330 ml of ready to drink or beer. Therefore, to convert volume of products other than spirits to equivalent units, the following guide has been used: beer in hectolitres divide by 0.9, wine in nine litre cases divide by five, ready to drink in nine litre cases divide by 10 and certain pre-mixed products that are classified as ready to drink in nine litre cases divide by five.
7
Business description (continued)
The collection of premium drinks comprises brands owned by the company as a principal and brands held by the company under agency or distribution agreements. They include:
Global priority brands:
Smirnoff vodka and Smirnoff ready to drink products
Johnnie Walker scotch whiskies
Baileys Original Irish Cream liqueur
Captain Morgan rum
José Cuervo tequila (agency brand in North America and many other markets)
JeB scotch whisky
Tanqueray gin
Guinness stout
Other spirits brands include: |
Wine brands include: |
Other beer brands include: |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Crown Royal Canadian whisky Buchanan's scotch whisky Gordon's gin and vodka Windsor Premier scotch whisky Seagram's whiskey Cacique rum Old Parr scotch whisky Bell's scotch whisky Bundaberg rum Bushmills Irish whiskey Ketel One vodka (exclusive worldwide distribution rights) |
Blossom Hill Sterling Vineyards Beaulieu Vineyard Chalone Vineyard Rosenblum Cellars Barton & Guestier Piat d'Or |
Malta Guinness non-alcoholic malt Harp lager Smithwick's ale Tusker lager Red Stripe lager |
Diageo's agency agreements vary depending on the particular brand, but tend to be for a fixed number of years. Diageo's principal agency brand is José Cuervo in North America and many other markets (with distribution rights extending to 2013). There can be no assurances that Diageo will be able to prevent termination of distribution rights or rights to manufacture under licence, or renegotiate distribution rights or rights to manufacture under licence on favourable terms when they expire.
Diageo also brews and sells other companies' beer brands under licence, including Budweiser and Carlsberg lagers in Ireland, Heineken lager in Jamaica and Tiger beer in Malaysia.
Global priority brands Diageo has eight global priority brands that it markets worldwide. Diageo considers these brands to have the greatest current and future earnings potential. Each global priority brand is marketed consistently around the world, and therefore can achieve scale benefits. The group manages and invests in these brands on a global basis. Figures for global priority brands include related ready to drink products, unless otherwise indicated.
In the year ended 30 June 2009, global priority brands accounted for 58% of total volume (81.7 million equivalent units) and contributed net sales of £5,131 million.
Smirnoff achieved volume of 28.6 million equivalent units in the year ended 30 June 2009. Smirnoff vodka volume was 24.5 million equivalent units. It was ranked, by volume, as the number one premium vodka and the number one premium spirit brand in the world. Smirnoff ready to drink volume totalled 4.1 million equivalent units.
8
Business description (continued)
Johnnie Walker scotch whiskies comprise Johnnie Walker Red Label, Johnnie Walker Black Label and several other brand variants. During the year ended 30 June 2009, Johnnie Walker Red Label sold 9.2 million equivalent units, Johnnie Walker Black Label sold 4.6 million equivalent units and the remaining variants sold 0.7 million equivalent units. The Johnnie Walker franchise was ranked, by volume, as the number one premium scotch whisky and the number three premium spirit brand in the world.
Baileys was ranked, by volume, as the number one liqueur in the world, having sold 6.7 million equivalent units in the year ended 30 June 2009.
Captain Morgan was ranked, by volume, as the number two premium rum brand in the world with volume of 8.6 million equivalent units in the year ended 30 June 2009.
Guinness is the group's only global priority beer brand, and for the year ended 30 June 2009 achieved volume of 11.1 million equivalent units.
Other global priority brands were also ranked, by volume, among the leading premium distilled spirits brands by Impact Databank. These include: José Cuervo, ranked the number one premium tequila in the world; JeB scotch whisky (comprising JeB Rare, JeB Reserve, JeB Exception and JeB Jet), ranked the number three premium scotch whisky in the world; and Tanqueray, ranked the number four premium gin brand in the world. During the year ended 30 June 2009, José Cuervo, JeB and Tanqueray sold 5.1 million, 5.2 million and 1.9 million equivalent units, respectively.
Other brands Diageo manages its other brands by category, analysing them between local priority brands and category brands.
Local priority brands represent the brands, apart from the global priority brands, that make the greatest contribution to operating profit in a business area (North America, Europe, International or Asia Pacific), rather than worldwide. Diageo manages and invests in these brands within its business areas and, unlike the global priority brands, may not have a consistent marketing strategy around the world for such brands. For the year ended 30 June 2009, local priority brands contributed volume of 27.3 million equivalent units, representing 19% of total volume, and net sales of £2,148 million. Examples of local priority brands include Crown Royal Canadian whisky in North America, Buchanan's scotch whisky in International, Windsor Premier scotch whisky in Asia Pacific, Gordon's gin in Europe, Bundaberg rum in Asia Pacific, Cacique rum in Europe, Malta Guinness non-alcoholic malt in International, Tusker lager in International, Seagram's 7 Crown whiskey and Seagram's VO whisky in North America, Bell's scotch whisky in Europe and Sterling Vineyards wines in North America.
The remaining brands are grouped under category brands. Category brands include spirits, beer and wine brands and for the year ended 30 June 2009, these category brands contributed volume of 32.3 million equivalent units, representing 23% of total volume, and net sales of £2,032 million. Of this, spirits achieved volume of 19.8 million equivalent units and contributed £1,326 million to Diageo's net sales in the year ended 30 June 2009. Examples of category spirits brands are Gordon's gin (all markets except Europe in which it is a local priority brand), Gordon's vodka, The Classic Malt whiskies and White Horse scotch whisky.
In the year ended 30 June 2009, Diageo sold 13.5 million equivalent units of beers other than Guinness, achieving net sales of £894 million. Other beer volume was mainly attributable to owned brands, such as Red Stripe, Pilsner, Tusker and Harp lager, with a minority being attributable to beers brewed and/or sold under licence, such as Tiger beer in Malaysia and Heineken lager in Jamaica.
9
Business description (continued)
In addition, Diageo produces and markets a wide selection of wines. These include well known labels such as Beaulieu Vineyard, Sterling Vineyards, Rosenblum Cellars and Chalone Vineyard in the United States, Blossom Hill in the United Kingdom, and Barton & Guestier and Piat d'Or in Europe. For the year ended 30 June 2009, other wine volume was 2.4 million equivalent units, contributing net sales of £291 million.
Production Diageo owns production facilities including maltings, distilleries, breweries, packaging plants, maturation warehouses, cooperages, vineyards, wineries and distribution warehouses. Production also occurs at plants owned and operated by third parties and joint ventures at a number of locations internationally.
Approximately 80% of total production (including third party production) is undertaken in five Diageo production areas, namely the United Kingdom, Baileys, Guinness, Santa Vittoria and North America centres. The majority of these production centres have several production facilities. The locations, principal activities, products, packaging production capacity and packaging production volume in 2009 of these principal production centres are set out in the following table:
Production centre
|
Location | Principal products | Production capacity in millions of equivalent units* |
Production volume in 2009 in millions of equivalent units |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom |
United Kingdom | Scotch whisky, gin, vodka, rum, ready to drink | 62 | 42 | ||||
Baileys |
Ireland | Irish cream liqueur, vodka | 10 | 8 | ||||
Guinness |
Ireland | Beers | 11 | 8 | ||||
Santa Vittoria |
Italy | Vodka, wine, rum, ready to drink | 7 | 5 | ||||
North America |
United States, Canada | Vodka, gin, tequila, rum, Canadian whisky, American whiskey, progressive adult beverages, wine, ready to drink | 48 | 40 |
Spirits are produced in distilleries located worldwide. The group owns 29 whisky distilleries in Scotland, an Irish whiskey distillery in Northern Ireland, two whisky distilleries in Canada, and gin distilleries in the United Kingdom and the United States. Diageo produces Smirnoff vodka internationally, Popov vodka and Gordon's vodka in the United States, and Baileys in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Rum is blended and bottled in the United States, Canada, Italy and the United Kingdom, and is distilled, blended and bottled in Australia and Venezuela. All of Diageo's maturing scotch whisky is located in warehouses in Scotland.
On 1 July 2009, the group announced a restructuring of its operations in Scotland. The plans include the consolidation of distilling, packaging and warehousing activities into fewer sites and involve the closure of a packaging plant, a distillery and a cooperage over a two-year period. New investment is concentrated in the production sites in Leven in Fife and in Shieldhall near Glasgow.
In June 2008, Diageo and the government of the US Virgin Islands announced a public/private initiative for the construction and operation of a high capacity distillery in St Croix. This new facility,
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Business description (continued)
expected to open in 2010, will have the capacity to distil up to 20 million proof gallons per year and will supply all bulk rum used to produce Captain Morgan branded products for the United States.
Diageo produces a range of ready to drink products mainly in the United Kingdom, Italy, South Africa, Australia, the United States and Canada.
Diageo's principal brewing facilities are at the St James's Gate brewery in Dublin and in Kilkenny, Waterford and Dundalk in the Republic of Ireland, and in Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, Cameroon, Malaysia and Jamaica. Ireland is the main export centre for the Guinness brand. In other countries, Guinness is brewed by third parties under licence arrangements.
All Guinness Draught production is at the St James's Gate brewery in Dublin in the Republic of Ireland. Guinness Draught in cans and bottles, which uses an in-container system to replicate the taste of Guinness Draught, is packaged at Runcorn and Belfast in the United Kingdom. The Runcorn facility performs the kegging of Guinness Draught, transported to the United Kingdom in bulk for the Great Britain market.
Diageo's principal wineries are in the United States, France and Argentina. For European markets, wines are mainly bottled in Diageo's facilities in Italy. Wines are sold both in their local markets and overseas.
Property, plant and equipment Diageo owns or leases land and buildings throughout the world. The principal production facilities are described above. As at 30 June 2009, Diageo's land and buildings were included in the group's consolidated balance sheet at a net book value of £818 million. Diageo's largest individual facility, in terms of net book value of property, is St James's Gate brewery in Dublin. Approximately 96% by value of the group's properties are owned and approximately 3% are held under leases running for 50 years or longer. Diageo's properties are primarily a variety of manufacturing, distilling, brewing, bottling and administration facilities spread across the group's worldwide operations, as well as vineyards and wineries in the United States. Approximately 40% and 20% of the book value of Diageo's land and buildings comprise properties located in the United Kingdom and the United States, respectively.
Raw materials The group has a number of contracts for the forward purchasing of its raw material requirements in order to minimise the effect of raw material price fluctuations. Long term contracts are in place for the purchase of significant raw materials including glass, other packaging, tequila, bulk whisky, neutral spirits, cream, rum and grapes. In addition, forward contracts are in place for the purchase of other raw materials including sugar and cereals to minimise the effects of short term price fluctuations.
Cream is the principal raw material used in the production of Irish cream liqueur and is sourced from Ireland. Grapes are used in the production of wine and are sourced from suppliers in the United States, France and Argentina. Other raw materials purchased in significant quantities for the production of spirits and beer are tequila, bulk whisky, neutral spirits, molasses, rum, cereals, sugar and a number of flavours (such as juniper berries, agave, chocolate and herbs). These are sourced from suppliers around the world.
The majority of products are supplied to customers in glass bottles. Glass is purchased from suppliers located around the world, the principal supplier being the Owens Illinois group.
Diageo has a supply agreement with Casa Cuervo SA de CV, a Mexican company, for the supply of bulk tequila used to make the José Cuervo line of tequilas and tequila drinks in the United States. The supply agreement extends to June 2013.
11
Business description (continued)
Diageo has a supply agreement with Destiléria Serrallés Inc, a Puerto Rican corporation, for the supply of rum used to make the Captain Morgan line of rums and rum drinks in the United States. The supply agreement is for 10 years from 2002 and can be terminated either (1) in the last 18 months before the expiration of the 10-year term, on notice of the shorter of one year or the time remaining until the expiration of the original 10-year term, or (2) on three years' notice once the original 10-year term has expired.
Marketing and distribution Diageo is committed to investing in its brands. In the year ended 30 June 2009, £1,312 million was spent worldwide on marketing brands. Diageo aims to maintain and improve its market position by enhancing the consumer appeal of its brands through consistent high investment in marketing support focused around the eight global priority brands, which accounted for 65% of total marketing expenditure in the year ended 30 June 2009. Diageo makes extensive use of magazine, newspaper, point of sale and poster and billboard advertising, and uses radio, cinema, television and internet advertising where appropriate and permitted by law. Diageo also runs consumer promotional programmes in the on trade (for example, licensed bars and restaurants). Diageo also uses sponsorship to market its brands and is a sponsor of Formula One Team Vodafone McLaren Mercedes, a NASCAR racing team and the Johnnie Walker golf championships.
Diageo markets and distributes its brands under a business area organisation comprising North America, Europe, International and Asia Pacific.
Business analysis In the year ended 30 June 2009, North America, Europe, International and Asia Pacific contributed 41%, 30%, 23% and 6%, respectively, of the group's operating profit before exceptional items and corporate costs.
An analysis of net sales and operating profit by market for the year ended 30 June 2009 is as follows:
|
Net sales | Operating profit/(loss) |
Operating profit/(loss) before exceptional items |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
|||||||
North America |
3,290 | 1,131 | 1,156 | |||||||
Europe |
2,750 | 790 | 856 | |||||||
International |
2,286 | 623 | 645 | |||||||
Asia Pacific |
910 | 128 | 164 | |||||||
Corporate |
75 | (229 | ) | (208 | ) | |||||
Total |
9,311 | 2,443 | 2,613 | |||||||
North America North America is the largest market for Diageo in terms of operating profit, and the largest market for premium drinks in the world. Diageo markets its products through four operating units: US Spirits, Diageo-Guinness USA, Diageo Chateau & Estate Wines Company and Diageo Canada.
The US Spirits business, while managed as a single business unit, executes sales and marketing activities through 14 teams or clusters. National brand strategy and strategic accounts marketing are managed at the corporate North America level. The spirits clusters market the majority of Diageo's collection of spirits (including Smirnoff vodka, Baileys Irish Cream liqueur, José Cuervo tequila, Johnnie Walker scotch whisky, Captain Morgan rum, Tanqueray gin, JeB scotch whisky, Crown Royal Canadian whisky, Seagram's 7 Crown American whiskey, Seagram's VO Canadian whisky, Buchanan's scotch whisky and Ketel One vodka) across the United States. Diageo-Guinness USA distributes
12
Business description (continued)
Diageo's US beer brands (including Guinness stout, Harp lager, Red Stripe lager and Smithwick's ale) as well as the group's progressive adult beverages (including Smirnoff Ice and Captain Morgan Parrot Bay Tropical Malt Beverage). Diageo Chateau & Estate Wines owns and operates wineries in California and Washington State (including Beaulieu Vineyard, Sterling Vineyards, Chalone Vineyard and Provenance Vineyards) and markets these and other wines across the United States. The Canada business unit distributes the group's collection of spirits, wine and beer brands across all Canadian territories.
Within the United States, there are generally two types of regulatory environments: open states and control states. In open states, spirits companies are allowed to sell spirits, wine and beer directly to independent distributors. In these open states, Diageo generally trades through a three tier distribution system, where the product is initially sold to distributors, who then sell it to on and off trade retailers. In most control states, Diageo markets its spirits products to state liquor control boards through the bailment warehousing system, and from there to state or agency liquor stores. There are variations for example, certain states control distribution but not retail sales. Generally, wines are treated in the same way as spirits, although most states that are control states for spirits are open states for wines. Beer distribution generally follows open states regulation across the United States. In Canada, beer and spirits distribution laws are generally consistent and similar to those of control states in the United States. Diageo, however, has some licences to deliver keg beer directly to licensed accounts, which account for approximately 20% of Diageo's beer business in Canada.
Across the United States, Diageo's distributors and brokers have over 2,300 dedicated sales people focused on selling its spirits and wine brands. Diageo has pursued a distribution strategy centred around consolidating the distribution of Diageo's US spirits and wine brands into a single distributor or broker in each state where possible. The strategy is designed to provide a consolidated distribution network, which will limit the duplication of activities between Diageo and the distributor, improve Diageo's and distributors' selling capabilities and enable a number of alternative approaches to optimise product distribution. To date, Diageo has consolidated its business in 41 markets (40 states plus Washington DC), representing over 80% of Diageo's US spirits and wine volume. The remaining states will be consolidated as opportunities arise. Diageo is now focused on building the capabilities and selling tools of the distributors' dedicated sales forces and creating a more efficient and effective value chain.
Europe Diageo Europe comprises six operating units: Great Britain, Ireland, Iberia, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, and Russia and Eastern Europe.
In Great Britain, Diageo sells and markets its products via three business units: Diageo GB (spirits, beer and ready to drink), Percy Fox & Co (wines) and Justerini & Brooks Retail (private client wines). Products are distributed both via independent wholesalers and directly to the major grocers, convenience and specialist stores. In the on trade (for example, licensed bars and restaurants), products are sold through the major brewers, multiple retail groups and smaller regional independent brewers and wholesalers. The customer base in Great Britain has seen consolidation in recent years in both the on trade and home consumption channels. In particular, Great Britain's top four national multiple grocers together make up over 40% of home consumption total spirits volume.
Ireland comprises the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. In both territories, Diageo sells and distributes directly to both the on trade and the off trade (for example, retail shops and wholesalers) through a telesales operation, extensive sales calls to outlets and third party logistics providers. The Guinness, Smirnoff and Baileys brands are market leaders in their respective categories of long alcoholic drinks, vodka and liqueurs. Budweiser and Carlsberg lagers, also major products in
13
Business description (continued)
the Diageo collection of brands in Ireland, are brewed and sold under licence in addition to the other European local priority brands of Smithwick's ale and Harp lager.
In Russia, Diageo previously sold and marketed its products through a company in which Diageo owned a 75% interest, and this company was the exclusive distributor of Diageo spirits brands in Russia. In December 2008, Diageo purchased the remaining 25% interest and now operates in Russia through its wholly owned subsidiary.
Across the remainder of mainland Europe, Diageo distributes its spirits brands primarily through its own distribution companies. Exceptions to this are:
A specialist unit has been established for the distribution of Diageo's beer brands in mainland Europe in order to achieve synergies in the marketing and distribution of Guinness and Kilkenny brands. The distribution of these brands is managed by this specialist unit with particular focus on the markets in Germany, Russia and France, which are the largest mainland European beer markets by size for Diageo.
International Diageo International comprises Latin America and the Caribbean (including Mexico), Africa and the Global Travel and Middle East business.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, distribution is achieved through a mixture of Diageo companies and third party distributors. In addition, Diageo owns a controlling interest in Desnoes & Geddes Limited, the Jamaican brewer of Red Stripe lager.
Africa (excluding North Africa) is one of the longest established and largest markets for the Guinness brand, with the brewing of Guinness Foreign Extra Stout in a number of African countries, either through subsidiaries or under licence. Diageo has a three-way venture with Heineken and Namibia Breweries Limited in South Africa for a combined beer, cider and ready to drink collection of brands. Diageo also has a 25% equity interest in a venture with Heineken which is constructing a brewery in Gauteng, South Africa. Diageo has a wholly-owned subsidiary in Cameroon and also has majority-owned subsidiaries in Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, Uganda, Réunion and the Seychelles.
Global Travel and Middle East (GTME) encompasses a sales and marketing organisation which targets the international consumer in duty free and travel retail outlets such as airport shops, airlines and ferries around the world, and distribution of Diageo brands in the Middle East and North Africa. The global nature of the travel channel and its organisation structure allows a specialist Diageo management team to apply a co-ordinated approach to brand building initiatives and to build on consumer insights in this trade channel, where consumer behaviour tends to be different from domestic markets. In the Middle East and North Africa, distribution is achieved through third party distributors. Lebanon is an exception, where a Diageo subsidiary distributes most of the Diageo brands sold there.
14
Business description (continued)
Asia Pacific Diageo Asia Pacific comprises India, the People's Republic of China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia and other Asian markets, Australia and New Zealand.
Diageo works with a number of joint venture partners in Asia Pacific. In Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Macau, the People's Republic of China, Thailand and Japan, Diageo distributes the majority of its spirits brands through joint venture arrangements with Moët Hennessy. Diageo has established in-market companies in China (for brands not included in the joint venture such as Smirnoff and Baileys) and Vietnam (for all brands). In South Korea and Taiwan, Diageo's own distribution companies distribute the majority of Diageo's brands. In Japan, during the year ended 30 June 2009, Diageo and Kirin Brewery Co Ltd formed a joint venture to expand distribution of Diageo products and contribute to the growth objectives of both companies. Kirin now distributes Guinness beer and Smirnoff Ice. Other spirits and wine brands, which are not distributed by either the Moët Hennessy joint venture or Kirin, are handled by third parties. In Malaysia, Diageo's own and third party beers are brewed and distributed by a listed business (Guinness Anchor Berhad) in which Diageo and its partner, Asia Pacific Breweries, have a majority share through a jointly controlled joint venture company. In Singapore, Diageo's beer brands are brewed and distributed by Asia Pacific Breweries. In India, distribution of both imported and locally produced products is achieved through a combination of Diageo's own distribution company and third party distributors. A joint venture has been formed with Radico Khaitan to manufacture and distribute certain premium local spirits, the first of which was Masterstroke.
Generally, the remaining markets in Asia are served by third party distribution networks monitored by regional offices.
In Australia, Diageo has its own production and distribution company, which handles the majority of products sold in the Australian market. It also has production and distribution arrangements with VOK Beverages and a licensed brewing arrangement with Fosters. In New Zealand, Diageo operates through third party distributors and has a licensed brewing arrangement with Lion Nathan.
Corporate Corporate costs which cannot be directly allocated to the business areas are reported separately within Corporate in the analysis of business performance. Also included in Corporate are the revenues and costs related to rents receivable in respect of properties not used by Diageo in the manufacture, sale or distribution of premium drink products and the results of Gleneagles Hotel.
Seasonal impacts The festive holiday season provides the peak period for sales. Approximately 43% of annual net sales occur in the last four months of each calendar year.
Employees Diageo's people, its culture and its values are at the heart of the company's strategy and Diageo's directors believe this to be a source of competitive advantage.
Employee engagement is a key element of Diageo's people strategy. Diageo's values are embedded in the business and guide how all employees operate and behave. A values survey, which includes a measure of employee engagement, is conducted with employees every year. Now in its seventh year, this survey provides an annual insight into what employees are thinking and feeling about the business. The employee values survey allows Diageo, at group-wide, function and team levels, to assess how the business is tracking against the long term goals of engaging employees and consistently bringing Diageo's values to life. Independent research has shown a strong correlation between high levels of employee engagement and strong business performance.
Diageo aims to be amongst the most admired companies in all key geographies. Consistent with this, Diageo has increased participation in independent surveys during the last year and has achieved 'Top 10' ratings in 10 published best company results around the world. This is Diageo's best performance in these awards since the company was formed. Further to this aim, Diageo endeavours to
15
Business description (continued)
create a workplace that is both welcoming and challenging for all employees. Diageo values diversity in its workforce and works to ensure that the group is inclusive of all people, regardless of their background or style. To enhance diversity, Diageo aims to create opportunities that are attractive to a wide range of candidates, including those with disabilities, and seeks to make working for Diageo compatible with a variety of lifestyles. The group also seeks to design and adjust roles to accommodate people. Not only is this approach to inclusion and diversity consistent with Diageo's values, it is also believed to be important for the long term health of the organisation.
Strong and inspiring leadership is critical to the success of the business. To this end, the Diageo Leadership Performance Programme was developed and 900 leaders participated and completed the programme in the years ended 30 June 2008 and 2009. The aim is for Diageo to be recognised for the outstanding quality of its business leaders and their ability to deliver great performance for the group.
Consistent with the desire that its people have a stake in the company's performance, Diageo currently has share plans in place in the United Kingdom, North America and Ireland. Employees in 22 additional countries are able to participate in Diageo's International Sharesave Plan, giving them the opportunity to take a stake in the company's future. Implementation of a new share match plan for international participants is planned for 2010. These plans are created and administered by employees for employees with a view toward both uniting and motivating Diageo's people.
Diageo's average number of employees during each of the three years ended 30 June 2009 was as follows:
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average number of employees |
||||||||||
Full time |
23,802 | 23,908 | 22,086 | |||||||
Part time |
468 | 465 | 434 | |||||||
Total |
24,270 | 24,373 | 22,520 | |||||||
Diageo strives to keep its employees well informed on and engaged with the company's strategy and business goals as a high priority, focusing on dialogue and consultation (both formal and informal) on changes that affect its employees.
In light of the current economic environment, Diageo conducted a review of its organisation and cost base during the year ended 30 June 2009. The objectives of the review were to achieve significant cost efficiencies as well as to create a more efficient and effective organisation, and, as a result, a restructuring of elements of Diageo's global business is in the process of being implemented. The restructuring will mean the loss of a number of valued colleagues from the business. Throughout this process, as always, the company and its leadership have endeavoured to treat all Diageo employees with compassion and respect.
Environmental, social and community matters Diageo realises that it is an increasingly important factor for investors to understand not only its financial performance, but also the manner in which it manages and operates its business. Diageo seeks to fulfil its responsibilities as a corporate citizen in a number of areas, including through examining its impact on the environment and its policies relating to employees as well as social and community matters.
Diageo has set stretching targets to reduce its impact on the environment, and to benefit the planet, the communities in which it operates and the business. The Diageo executive environmental working group is responsible for setting policy. This year, the working group revised and re-issued Diageo's environmental policy to reflect the increased ambition the company has for environmental
16
Business description (continued)
improvement. The policy is supported by Diageo's risk management framework which sets implementation criteria and provides a mechanism for monitoring compliance. As stated in Diageo's policy, the company's actions on the environment are planned in light of prevailing scientific knowledge and do not depend on having absolute proof of specific damage, thus supporting the concept of a precautionary approach.
The release of greenhouse gases notably carbon dioxide generated by burning fossil fuels has an impact on climate change which, either directly or indirectly, presents considerable risk both to business and the planet. The risks include impacts on the agriculture on which the company depends for raw materials, disruption of the company's operations or those of commercial partners, and changes to the nature or distribution of consumer demand. Diageo assumes that the risks from climate change could be mitigated if releases of greenhouse gases were sufficiently diminished and, as such, has worked for many years to reduce direct emissions (from fuels) and indirect emissions (from electricity).
Diageo recognises that its success in the future will depend in part on the prosperity of the communities in which the company operates and the strength of its relationships with those communities.
Supporting long term sustainable initiatives in the communities where Diageo does business advances development of those communities, engages employees, builds the company's reputation and enhances its relationships with governments and other stakeholders. Diageo focuses on projects that develop skills, increase access to water, promote conservation, support employees and respond to natural disasters.
Diageo takes pride in its record of community investment. Most of this investment comes from Diageo businesses around the world in the form of cash, in-kind donations and volunteer time. It also includes grants from the Diageo Foundation and support for the community aspects of responsible drinking projects from Diageo's Responsible Drinking Fund.
In addition to global initiatives, Diageo supports direct involvement by employees to benefit local communities. In difficult economic circumstances, Diageo employees chose World Water Day to show their commitment to the company's community programme through co-ordinated activities in support of Diageo's Africa Water of Life programme. There were 30 'Make a Splash' events in 20 countries for employees and their families to enjoy, including half marathons, fun days, writing contests and water conservation games. More than £1.7 million was raised and donated to the Water of Life 1 Million Challenge and other community water projects.
Competition Diageo competes on the basis of consumer loyalty, quality and price.
In spirits, Diageo's major global competitors are Pernod Ricard, Bacardi, Fortune Brands and Brown-Forman, each of which has several brands that compete directly with Diageo brands. In addition, Diageo faces competition from local and regional companies in the countries in which it operates.
In beer, the Guinness brand competes globally as well as on a regional and local basis (with the profile varying between regions) with several competitors, including AB InBev, Heineken, SABMiller, Coors Brewing (Carling) and Carlsberg.
In wine, the market is fragmented with many producers and distributors.
Research and development The overall nature of the group's business does not demand substantial expenditure on research and development. However, the group has ongoing programmes for developing new drinks products. In the year ended 30 June 2009, the group's research and development
17
Business description (continued)
expenditure amounted to £17 million (2008 £17 million; 2007 £17 million). Research and development expenditure is generally written off in the year in which it is incurred.
Trademarks Diageo produces and distributes branded goods and is therefore substantially dependent on the maintenance and protection of its trademarks. All brand names mentioned in this document are trademarks. The group also holds numerous licences and trade secrets, as well as having substantial trade knowledge related to its products. The group believes that its significant trademarks are registered and/or otherwise protected (insofar as legal protections are available) in all material respects in its most important markets.
Regulations and taxes Diageo's worldwide operations are subject to extensive regulatory requirements regarding production, product liability, distribution, importation, marketing, promotion, sales, pricing, labelling, packaging, advertising, labour, pensions and environmental issues. In the United States, the beverage alcohol industry is subject to strict federal and state government regulations covering virtually every aspect of its operations, including production, distribution, marketing, promotion, sales, pricing, labelling, packaging and advertising.
Spirits, beer and wine are subject to national import and excise duties in many markets around the world. Most countries impose excise duties on beverage alcohol products, although the form of such taxation varies significantly from a simple application to units of alcohol by volume, to advanced systems based on imported or wholesale value of the product. Several countries impose additional import duty on distilled spirits, often discriminating between categories (such as scotch whisky or bourbon) in the rate of such tariffs. Within the European Union, such products are subject to different rates of excise duty in each country, but within an overall European Union framework, there are minimum rates of excise duties that can be applied.
Import and excise duties can have a significant impact on the final pricing of Diageo's products to consumers. These duties have an impact on the competitive position versus other brands. The group devotes resources to encouraging the equitable taxation treatment of all beverage alcohol categories and to reducing government-imposed barriers to fair trading.
Advertising, marketing and sales of alcohol are subject to various restrictions in markets around the world. These range from a complete prohibition of alcohol in certain countries and cultures, through the prohibition of the import of spirits, wine and beer, to restrictions on the advertising style, media and messages used. In a number of countries, television is a prohibited medium for spirits brands and in other countries, television advertising, while permitted, is carefully regulated.
Spirits, beer and wine are also regulated in distribution. In many countries, alcohol may only be sold through licensed outlets, both on and off premise, varying from government or state operated monopoly outlets (for example, Canada, Norway, and certain US states) to the common system of licensed on premise outlets (for example, licensed bars and restaurants) which prevails in much of the western world (for example, most US states and the European Union). In about one-third of the states in the United States, price changes must be filed or published 30 days to three months, depending on the state, before they become effective.
Labelling of beverage alcohol products is also regulated in many markets, varying from health warning labels to importer identification, alcohol strength and other consumer information. As well as producer, importer or bottler identification, specific warning statements related to the risks of drinking beverage alcohol products are required to be included on all beverage alcohol products sold in the United States. Following the end of the voluntary restrictions on television advertising of spirits in the United States, Diageo and other spirits companies have been advertising products on the air on local cable television stations. Expressions of political concern signify the uncertain future of beverage
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Business description (continued)
alcohol products advertising on network television in the United States. Further requirements for warning statements and any prohibitions on advertising and marketing could have an adverse impact on sales of the group.
Regulatory decisions and changes in the legal and regulatory environment could increase Diageo's costs and liabilities or impact on its business activities.
Business services Diageo continues to standardise its key business activities with customers, consumers, suppliers and the processes that summarise and report financial performance. In that regard, global processes have been designed, built and implemented across a number of markets and operational entities.
Diageo uses shared services operations to deliver transaction processing and certain central finance activities, using captive and outsourced centres. A captive business service centre in Budapest, Hungary performs various process tasks for markets and operational entities. Diageo uses third party service centres in Manila, Shanghai and Bucharest to perform these tasks for basic processes. Certain central finance activities, including elements of group financial planning and reporting and treasury, are performed in the business service centre in Budapest.
Associates Diageo's principal associate is Moët Hennessy. It also owns shares in a number of other associates. In the year ended 30 June 2009, the share of profits of associates after tax was £164 million (2008 £177 million; 2007 £149 million), of which Moët Hennessy accounted for £151 million (2008 £161 million; 2007 £136 million).
Diageo owns 34% of Moët Hennessy, the spirits and wine subsidiary of LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SA (LVMH). LVMH is based in France and is listed on the Paris Stock Exchange. Moët Hennessy is also based in France and is a producer and exporter of a number of brands in its main business areas of champagne and cognac. Its principal champagne brands are Moët & Chandon (including Dom Pérignon), Veuve Clicquot and Mercier, all of which are included in the top 10 champagne brands worldwide by volume. Moët Hennessy also owns Hennessy, which is the top cognac brand worldwide by volume, and Glenmorangie, a malt whisky.
Since 1987, a number of joint distribution arrangements have been established with LVMH, principally covering distribution of Diageo's premium brands of scotch whisky and gin and Moët Hennessy's premium champagne and cognac brands in the Asia Pacific region and France. Diageo and LVMH have each undertaken not to engage in any champagne or cognac activities competing with those of Moët Hennessy. The arrangements also contain certain provisions for the protection of Diageo as a minority shareholder in Moët Hennessy. The operations of Moët Hennessy in France are conducted through a partnership in which Diageo has a 34% interest and, as a partner, Diageo pays any tax due on its share of the results of the partnership to the tax authorities.
Acquisitions and disposals Diageo has made a number of acquisitions of brands, distribution rights and equity interests in premium drinks businesses including the following:
On 3 July 2006, Diageo acquired a 75% stake in the company that owns the Smirnov brand in Russia. This company unites the Smirnoff/Smirnov brands in Russia under common ownership and is the exclusive distributor of Smirnov and Diageo's spirits brands in Russia. In December 2008, Diageo purchased the remaining 25% stake in the company, and Diageo currently operates in Russia through this wholly owned subsidiary.
On 27 January 2007, Diageo completed the acquisition of a 43% equity stake in Sichuan Chengdu Quanxing Group Co Limited (Quanxing). Quanxing then held 39.48% of the equity in Sichuan ShuiJingFang Joint Stock Co Limited (ShuiJingFang), a leading maker of premium Chinese white
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Business description (continued)
spirits, or baijiu. ShuiJingFang is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The agreed purchase price for the 43% equity interest in Quanxing was RMB 517 million (£37 million). Quanxing subsequently increased its equity stake in ShuiJingFang to 39.7%. On 30 July 2008, Diageo acquired a further 6% of the equity of Quanxing. Diageo now owns 49% of Quanxing and continues to equity account for this investment.
On 29 February 2008, Diageo acquired Rosenblum Cellars in North America for a total cost of £54 million (including acquisition costs).
On 1 May 2008 Diageo formed a new venture with Heineken and Namibia Breweries Limited (NBL) for their combined beer, cider and ready to drink businesses in South Africa, called DHN Drinks (Pty) Limited (DHN Drinks). The new venture builds on the success of brandhouse Beverages (Pty) Limited (brandhouse), the parties' existing venture in South Africa, which was formed in July 2004. Diageo and Heineken each own 42.25% of DHN Drinks and NBL owns 15.5%. The original cost of this acquisition was £43 million, with further deferred consideration of £3 million paid in the year ended 30 June 2009. Each party shares in the profits of DHN Drinks in proportion to their shareholding. Brandhouse continues to market and distribute the parties' products in South Africa. On 1 May 2008 Diageo and Heineken also entered into a second venture in South Africa called Sedibeng Brewery (Pty) Limited whereby a brewery and bottling plant is being constructed in Gauteng province, South Africa, which will produce Amstel and certain other key brands. Heineken owns 75% and Diageo owns 25% of Sedibeng Brewery (Pty) Limited. The cost of this acquisition in the year ended 30 June 2008, was £8 million, with an additional cost of £19 million recognised in the year ended 30 June 2009.
On 9 June 2008, Diageo completed the acquisition of Ketel One Worldwide BV (KOW), a 50:50 company based in the Netherlands, with the Nolet Group, owners of the Ketel One brand. The company owns the exclusive and perpetual global rights to market, sell and distribute Ketel One vodka products, including Ketel One vodka, Ketel One Citroen vodka and any line extensions of Ketel One vodka and Ketel One Citroen vodka. The business is operated pursuant to a global agreement and ancillary agreements relating to intellectual property, supply, distribution services and certain other matters. Diageo paid a total of £472 million (including acquisition costs) for a 50% equity stake in the company and is entitled to certain governance rights under the global agreement. Diageo consolidates the company with a minority interest. The Nolet Group has an option to sell their stake in the company to Diageo for $900 million (£545 million) plus interest from 9 June 2011 to 9 June 2013. If the Nolet Group exercises this option but Diageo chooses not to buy their stake, Diageo will pay $100 million (£61 million) and the Nolet Group may then pursue a sale of their stake to a third party, subject to rights of first offer and last refusal on Diageo's part.
On 16 June 2009, Diageo acquired the remaining 80% of equity in Stirrings LLC for £6 million and provided £7 million as deferred consideration payable. Diageo initially acquired a 20% equity stake for £5 million in the year ended 30 June 2007.
Pillsbury/General Mills Diageo acquired an investment in the shares of General Mills on the disposal of Pillsbury to General Mills in October 2001. On 4 October 2004, Diageo sold 50 million shares of common stock in General Mills and transferred a further 4 million shares to the Diageo UK pension fund and Diageo ceased to be an affiliate of General Mills for US federal securities laws purposes at that time. In November 2005, Diageo sold its remaining 25 million shares of common stock of General Mills.
Burger King Diageo completed the disposal of Burger King on 13 December 2002.
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Diageo believes the following to be the principal risks and uncertainties facing the group. If any of these risks occur, Diageo's business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer and the trading price and liquidity of securities could decline.
In the current global financial crisis and uncertain economic environment, certain risks may gain more prominence either individually or when taken together. The following are examples of ways that any of the risks below may become so exacerbated. Demand for beverage alcohol products, in particular luxury or super premium products, may decrease with a reduction in consumer spending levels. Costs of operations may increase if inflation were to become prevalent in the economic environment, resulting in an increase in the costs of raw materials. These factors may also lead to intensified competition for market share, with consequential potential adverse effects on volumes and prices. The financial and economic situation may have a negative impact on third parties with whom Diageo does, or may do, business. Any of these factors may affect the group's results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
If there is an extended period of constraint in the capital markets, with debt markets in particular experiencing a lack of liquidity, at a time when cash flows from Diageo's business may be under pressure, this may have an impact on Diageo's ability to maintain current long term strategies, with a consequent effect on the group's growth rate. Such developments may adversely affect shareholder returns or share price. Additionally, continued volatility in exchange rates used to translate foreign currencies into pounds sterling may have a significant impact on Diageo's reported results. Decreases in the trustees' valuations of Diageo's pension plans may also increase pension funding requirements.
Diageo faces competition that may reduce its market share and margins Diageo faces substantial competition from several international companies as well as local and regional companies in the countries in which it operates. Diageo competes with drinks companies across a wide range of consumer drinking occasions. Within a number of categories, consolidation or realignment is still possible. Consolidation is also taking place amongst Diageo's customers in many countries. Increased competition and unanticipated actions by competitors or customers could lead to downward pressure on prices and/or a decline in Diageo's market share in any of these categories, which would adversely affect Diageo's results and hinder its growth potential.
Diageo may not be able to derive the expected benefits from its strategy to focus on premium drinks or its cost-saving and restructuring programmes designed to enhance earnings Diageo's strategy is to focus on premium drinks to grow its business through organic sales and operating profit growth and the acquisition of premium drinks brands that add value for shareholders. There can be no assurance that Diageo's strategic focus on premium drinks will result in opportunities for growth and improved margins.
It is possible that the pursuit of this strategic focus on premium drinks could give rise to further acquisitions (including associated financing), disposals, joint ventures or partnerships. There can be no guarantee that any such acquisition, disposal, joint venture or partnership would deliver the benefits intended.
Similarly, there can be no assurance that the cost-saving or restructuring programmes implemented by Diageo in order to improve efficiencies and deliver cost-savings will deliver the expected benefits.
Systems change programmes may not deliver the benefits intended and systems failures could lead to business disruption Certain change programmes designed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of end-to-end operating, administrative and financial systems and processes continue to be undertaken. This includes moving transaction processing from a number of markets to business service centres.
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There can be no certainty that these programmes will deliver the expected operational benefits. There is likely to be disruption caused to production processes and possibly to administrative and financial systems as further changes to such processes are effected. They could also lead to adverse customer or consumer reaction. Any failure of information systems could adversely impact on Diageo's ability to operate. As with all large systems, Diageo's information systems could be penetrated by outside parties intent on extracting information, corrupting information or disrupting business processes. Such unauthorised access could disrupt Diageo's business and/or lead to loss of assets. The concentration of processes in business service centres also means that any disruption arising from system failure or physical plant issues could impact on a large portion of Diageo's global business.
Regulatory decisions and changes in the legal and regulatory environment could increase Diageo's costs and liabilities or limit its business activities Diageo's operations are subject to extensive regulatory requirements which include those in respect of production, product liability, distribution, importation, marketing, promotion, labelling, advertising, labour, pensions and environmental issues. Changes in laws, regulations or governmental policy could cause Diageo to incur material additional costs or liabilities that could adversely affect its business. In particular, governmental bodies in countries where Diageo operates may impose new labelling, product or production requirements, limitations on the advertising and/or promotion activities used to market beverage alcohol, restrictions on retail outlets, other restrictions on marketing, promotion and distribution or other restrictions on the locations or occasions where beverage alcohol is sold which directly or indirectly limit the sales of Diageo products. Regulatory authorities under whose laws Diageo operates may also have enforcement power that can subject the group to actions such as product recall, seizure of products or other sanctions, which could have an adverse effect on its sales or damage its reputation.
In addition, beverage alcohol products are the subject of national import and excise duties in most countries around the world. An increase in import or excise duties could have a significant adverse effect on Diageo's sales revenue or margin, both through reducing overall consumption and by encouraging consumers to switch to lower-taxed categories of beverage alcohol.
Diageo's reported after tax income is calculated based on extensive tax and accounting requirements in each of its relevant jurisdictions of operation. Changes in tax law (including tax rates), accounting policies and accounting standards could materially reduce Diageo's reported after tax income.
Diageo is subject to litigation directed at the beverage alcohol industry and other litigation Companies in the beverage alcohol industry are, from time to time, exposed to class action or other litigation relating to alcohol advertising, product liability, alcohol abuse problems or health consequences from the misuse of alcohol, and Diageo is routinely subject to litigation in the ordinary course of its operations. If such litigation resulted in fines, damages or reputational damage to Diageo or its brands, Diageo's business could be materially adversely affected.
Contamination, counterfeiting or other circumstances could harm the integrity of customer support for Diageo's brands and adversely affect the sales of those brands The success of Diageo's brands depends upon the positive image that consumers have of those brands, and contamination, whether arising accidentally, or through deliberate third-party action, or other events that harm the integrity or consumer support for those brands, could adversely affect their sales. Diageo purchases most of the raw materials for the production and packaging of its products from third-party producers or on the open market. Diageo may be subject to liability if contaminants in those raw materials or defects in the distillation, fermentation or bottling process lead to low beverage quality or illness among, or injury to, Diageo's consumers. In addition, Diageo may voluntarily recall products in the event of contamination or damage. A significant product liability judgement or a widespread product recall may negatively
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Business description (continued)
impact on sales and profitability of the affected brand or all Diageo brands for a period of time depending on product availability, competitive reaction and consumer attitudes. Even if a product liability claim is unsuccessful or is not fully pursued, resulting negative publicity could adversely affect Diageo's reputation with existing and potential customers and its corporate and brand image.
To the extent that third parties sell products which are either counterfeit versions of Diageo brands or inferior brands that look like Diageo brands, consumers of Diageo brands could confuse Diageo products with them. This could cause them to refrain from purchasing Diageo brands in the future and in turn could impair brand equity and adversely affect Diageo's business.
Demand for Diageo's products may be adversely affected by changes in consumer preferences and tastes and adverse impacts of a declining economy Diageo's collection of brands includes some of the world's leading beverage alcohol brands as well as brands of local prominence. Maintaining Diageo's competitive position depends on its continued ability to offer products that have a strong appeal to consumers. Consumer preferences may shift due to a variety of factors including changes in demographic and social trends, public health regulations, changes in travel, vacation or leisure activity patterns, weather effects and a downturn in economic conditions, which may reduce consumers' willingness to purchase premium branded products. In addition, concerns about health effects due to negative publicity regarding alcohol consumption, negative dietary effects, regulatory action or any litigation or customer complaints against companies in the industry may have an adverse effect on Diageo's profitability.
The competitive position of Diageo's brands could also be affected adversely by any failure to achieve consistent, reliable quality in the product or service levels to customers.
In addition, both the launch and ongoing success of new products is inherently uncertain especially as to their appeal to consumers. The failure to launch a new product successfully can give rise to inventory write offs and other costs and can affect consumer perception of an existing brand. Growth in Diageo's business has been based on both the launch of new products and the growth of existing products. Product innovation remains a significant aspect of Diageo's plans for growth. There can be no assurance as to Diageo's continuing ability to develop and launch successful new products or variants of existing products or as to the profitable lifespan of newly or recently developed products.
Any significant changes in consumer preferences and failure to anticipate and react to such changes could result in reduced demand for Diageo's products and erosion of its competitive and financial position. Continued economic pressures could lead to consumer selection of products at lower price points, whether Diageo's or those of competitors, which may have an adverse effect on Diageo's profitability.
If the social acceptability of Diageo's products declines, Diageo's sales volume could decrease and the business could be materially adversely affected In recent years, there has been increased social and political attention directed to the beverage alcohol industry. Diageo believes that this attention is the result of public concern over problems related to alcohol abuse, including drink driving, underage drinking and health consequences from the misuse of alcohol. If, as a result, the general social acceptability of beverage alcohol were to decline significantly, sales of Diageo's products could materially decrease.
Diageo's operating results may be adversely affected by increased costs or shortages of labour Diageo's operating results could be adversely affected by labour or skill shortages or increased labour costs due to increased competition for employees, higher employee turnover or increased employee benefit costs. Diageo's success is dependent on the capability of its employees. There is no guarantee that Diageo will continue to be able to recruit, retain and develop the capabilities that it requires to
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Business description (continued)
deliver its strategy, for example in relation to sales, marketing and innovation capability within markets or in its senior management. The loss of senior management or other key personnel or the inability to identify, attract and retain qualified personnel in the future could make it difficult to manage the business and could adversely affect operations and financial results.
Diageo's operating results may be adversely affected by disruption to production facilities or business service centres Diageo would be affected if there were a catastrophic failure of its major production facilities or business service centres. See 'Business description Premium drinks Production' for details of Diageo's principal production areas. In addition, the maintenance and development of information systems may result in systems failures which may adversely affect business operations.
Diageo has a substantial inventory of aged product categories, principally scotch whisky and Canadian whisky, which mature over periods of up to 30 years. The maturing inventory is stored primarily in Scotland, and the loss through contamination, fire or other natural disaster of all or a portion of the stock of any one of those aged product categories could result in a significant reduction in supply of those products, and consequently, Diageo would not be able to meet consumer demand for those products as it arises. There can be no assurance that insurance proceeds would cover the replacement value of Diageo's maturing inventory or other assets, were such assets to be lost due to contamination, fire or natural disasters or destruction resulting from negligence or the acts of third parties. In addition, there is an inherent risk of forecasting error in determining the quantity of maturing stock to lay down in a given year for future consumption. This could lead to an inability to supply future demand or lead to a future surplus of inventory and consequent write down in value of maturing stocks.
An increase in the cost of raw materials or energy could affect Diageo's profitability The components that Diageo uses for the production of its beverage products are largely commodities that are subject to price volatility caused by changes in global supply and demand, weather conditions, agricultural uncertainty and/or governmental controls. Commodity price changes may result in unexpected increases in the cost of raw materials, glass bottles and other packaging materials and Diageo's beverage products. Diageo may also be adversely affected by shortages of raw materials or packaging materials. In addition, energy cost increases result in higher transportation, freight and other operating costs. Diageo may not be able to increase its prices to offset these increased costs without suffering reduced volume, sales and operating profit. Diageo may experience significant increases in commodity costs and energy costs.
Diageo's business may be adversely impacted by unfavourable economic conditions or political or other developments and risks in the countries in which it operates Diageo's business is dependent on general economic conditions in the United States, Great Britain and other important markets. A significant deterioration in these conditions, including a reduction in consumer spending levels, customer destocking, the failure of customer, supplier or financial counterparties or a reduction in the availability of, or an increase in the cost of financing to, Diageo, could have a material adverse effect on Diageo's business and results of operations. In addition, Diageo may be adversely affected by political and economic developments or industrial action in any of the countries where Diageo has distribution networks, production facilities or marketing companies. Diageo's operations are also subject to a variety of other risks and uncertainties related to trading in numerous foreign countries, including political or economic upheaval and the imposition of any import, investment or currency restrictions, including tariffs and import quotas or any restrictions on the repatriation of earnings and capital. Political and/or social unrest, potential health issues (including pandemic issues) and terrorist threats and/or acts may also occur in various places around the world, which will have an impact on trade, tourism and travel. These disruptions can affect Diageo's ability to import or export products and to
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Business description (continued)
repatriate funds, as well as affecting the levels of consumer demand (for example in duty free outlets at airports or in on trade premises in affected regions) and therefore Diageo's levels of sales or profitability. Part of Diageo's growth strategy includes expanding its business in certain countries where consumer spending in general, and spending on Diageo's products in particular, has not historically been as great but where there are prospects for growth. There is no guarantee that this strategy will be successful and some of the markets represent a higher risk in terms of their changing regulatory environments and higher degree of uncertainty over levels of consumer spending.
Diageo may also be adversely affected by movements in the value of, and returns from, the investments held by its pension funds.
Diageo may be adversely affected by fluctuations in exchange rates. The results of operations of Diageo are accounted for in pounds sterling. Approximately 37% of sales in the year ended 30 June 2009 were in US dollars, approximately 12% were in sterling and approximately 18% were in euros. Movements in exchange rates used to translate foreign currencies into pounds sterling may have a significant impact on Diageo's reported results of operations from year to year.
Diageo may also be adversely impacted by fluctuations in interest rates, mainly through an increased interest expense. To partly delay any adverse impact from interest rate movements, the group's policy is to maintain fixed rate borrowings within a band of 40% to 60% of projected net borrowings, and the overall net borrowings portfolio is managed according to a duration measure. See 'Business review Risk management'.
Diageo's operations may be adversely affected by failure to maintain or renegotiate distribution, supply and manufacturing agreements on favourable terms Diageo's business has a number of distribution agreements for brands owned by it or by other companies. These agreements vary depending on the particular brand, but tend to be for a fixed number of years. There can be no assurance that Diageo will be able to renegotiate distribution rights on favourable terms when they expire or that agreements will not be terminated. Failure to renew distribution agreements on favourable terms could have an adverse impact on Diageo's sales and operating profit. In addition, Diageo's sales and operating profit may be adversely affected by any disputes with distributors of its products or suppliers of raw materials, or a failure to renew supply or manufacturing agreements on favourable terms.
Diageo may not be able to protect its intellectual property rights Given the importance of brand recognition to its business, Diageo has invested considerable effort in protecting its intellectual property rights, including trademark registration and domain names. Diageo's patents cover some of its process technology, including some aspects of its bottle marking technology. Diageo also uses security measures and agreements to protect its confidential information. However, Diageo cannot be certain that the steps it has taken will be sufficient or that third parties will not infringe on or misappropriate its intellectual property rights. Moreover, some of the countries in which Diageo operates offer less intellectual property protection than Europe or North America. Given the attractiveness of Diageo's brands to consumers, it is not uncommon for counterfeit products to be manufactured. Diageo cannot be certain that the steps it takes to prevent, detect and eliminate counterfeit products will be effective in preventing material loss of profits or erosion of brand equity resulting from lower quality or even dangerous counterfeit product reaching the market. If Diageo is unable to protect its intellectual property rights against infringement or misappropriation, this could materially harm its future financial results and ability to develop its business.
It may be difficult to effect service of US process and enforce US legal process against the directors of Diageo Diageo is a public limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales. The majority of Diageo's directors and officers, and some of the experts named in this document, reside
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Business description (continued)
outside of the United States, principally in the United Kingdom. A substantial portion of Diageo's assets, and the assets of such persons, are located outside of the United States. Therefore, it may not be possible to effect service of process within the United States upon Diageo or these persons in order to enforce judgements of US courts against Diageo or these persons based on the civil liability provisions of the US federal securities laws. There is doubt as to the enforceability in England and Wales, in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgements of US courts, of civil liabilities solely based on the US federal securities laws.
Cautionary statement concerning forward-looking statements
This document contains 'forward-looking statements'. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate only to historical or current facts. In particular, forward-looking statements include all statements that express forecasts, expectations, plans, outlook and projections with respect to future matters, including trends in results of operations, margins, growth rates, overall market trends, the impact of interest or exchange rates, the availability or cost of financing to Diageo, anticipated cost savings or synergies, the completion of Diageo's strategic transactions and general economic conditions. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that will occur in the future. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, including factors that are outside Diageo's control.
These factors include, but are not limited to:
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Business description (continued)
All oral and written forward-looking statements made on or after the date of this document and attributable to Diageo are expressly qualified in their entirety by the above factors and those described in 'Business description Risk factors'. Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of Diageo speak only as of the date they are made. Diageo does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect any changes in Diageo's expectations with regard thereto or any changes in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. The reader should, however, consult any additional disclosures that Diageo may make in any documents which it publishes and/or files with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. All readers, wherever located, should take note of these disclosures.
The information in this document does not constitute an offer to sell or an invitation to buy shares in Diageo plc or an invitation or inducement to engage in any other investment activities.
This document includes information about Diageo's debt rating. A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organisation. Each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.
Past performance cannot be relied upon as a guide to future performance.
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Information presented Diageo is the world's leading premium drinks business and operates on an international scale selling all types of beverage alcohol. It is one of a small number of premium drinks companies that operate across spirits, beer and wine. Diageo's brands have broad consumer appeal across geographies; as a result, the business is organised under the business areas of North America, Europe, International and Asia Pacific and the business analysis is presented on this basis. The following discussion is based on Diageo's results for the year ended 30 June 2009 compared with the year ended 30 June 2008, and the year ended 30 June 2008 compared with the year ended 30 June 2007.
In the discussion of the performance of the business, net sales are presented in addition to sales, since sales include significant components of excise duties which are set by external regulators and over which Diageo has no control. Diageo incurs excise duties throughout the world. In some countries, excise duties are based on sales and are separately identified on the face of the invoice to the external customer. In others, it is effectively a production tax, which is incurred when the spirit is removed from bonded warehouses. In these countries it is part of the cost of goods sold and is not separately identified on the sales invoice. Changes in the level of excise duties can significantly affect the level of reported sales and cost of sales, without directly reflecting changes in volume, mix or profitability that are the variables which impact on the element of sales retained by the group.
The underlying performance on a constant currency basis and excluding the impact of exceptional items, acquisitions and disposals is referred to as 'organic' performance, and further information on the calculation of organic measures as used in the discussion of the business is included in the organic movements calculation and in the notes to that calculation.
Presentation of information in relation to the business In addition to describing the significant factors impacting on the income statement compared to the prior year for both of the years ended 30 June 2009 and 30 June 2008, additional information is also presented on the operating performance and cash flows of the group.
There are several principal financial key performance indicators (some of which are non-GAAP measures) used by the group's management to assess the performance of the group in addition to income statement measures of performance. These are volume, the organic movements in volume, sales, net sales and operating profit and free cash flow. These key performance indicators are described below:
Volume has been measured on an equivalent units basis to nine litre cases of spirits. An equivalent unit represents one nine litre case of spirits, which is approximately 272 servings. A serving comprises 33ml of spirits, 165ml of wine, or 330ml of ready to drink or beer. Therefore, to convert volume of products, other than spirits, to equivalent units, the following guide has been used: beer in hectolitres divide by 0.9, wine in nine litre cases divide by five, ready to drink in nine litre cases divide by 10 and certain pre-mixed products that are classified as ready to drink in nine litre cases divide by five.
Organic movements in volume, sales, net sales, operating profit and operating margin are measures not specifically used in the consolidated financial statements themselves (non-GAAP measures). The performance of the group is discussed using these measures.
In the discussion of the performance of the business, organic information is presented using pounds sterling amounts on a constant currency basis. This retranslates prior period reported numbers at current period exchange rates and enables an understanding of the underlying performance of the
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market that is most closely influenced by the actions of that market's management. The risk from exchange rate movements is managed centrally and is not a factor over which local managers have any control. Residual exchange impacts are reported within Corporate.
Acquisitions, disposals and exceptional items also impact on the reported performance and therefore the reported movement in any period in which they arise. Management adjusts for the impact of such transactions in assessing the performance of the underlying business.
The underlying performance on a constant currency basis and excluding the impact of exceptional items, acquisitions and disposals is referred to as 'organic' performance. Organic movement calculations enable the reader to focus on the performance of the business which is common to both periods.
Diageo's strategic planning and budgeting process is based on organic movements in volume, sales, net sales and operating profit, and these measures closely reflect the way in which operating targets are defined and performance is monitored by the group's management.
These measures are chosen for planning, budgeting, reporting and incentive purposes since they represent those measures which local managers are most directly able to influence and they enable consideration of the underlying business performance without the distortion caused by fluctuating exchange rates, exceptional items and acquisitions and disposals.
The group's management believes these measures provide valuable additional information for users of the financial statements in understanding the group's performance since they provide information on those elements of performance which local managers are most directly able to influence and they focus on that element of the core brand portfolio which is common to both periods. They should be viewed as complementary to, and not replacements for, the comparable GAAP measures and reported movements therein.
Free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure that comprises the net cash flow from operating activities as well as the net purchase and disposal of investments and property, plant and equipment that form part of net cash flow from investing activities. The group's management believes the measure assists users of the financial statements in understanding the group's cash generating performance as it comprises items which arise from the running of the ongoing business.
The remaining components of net cash flow from investing activities that do not form part of free cash flow, as defined by the group's management, are in respect of the purchase and disposal of subsidiaries, associates and businesses. The group's management regards the purchase and disposal of property, plant and equipment as ultimately non-discretionary since ongoing investment in plant and machinery is required to support the day-to-day operations, whereas acquisitions and disposals of businesses are discretionary. However, free cash flow does not necessarily reflect all amounts which the group either has a constructive or legal obligation to incur. Where appropriate, separate discussion is given for the impacts of acquisitions and disposals of businesses, equity dividends paid and the purchase of own shares, each of which arises from decisions that are independent from the running of the ongoing underlying business.
The free cash flow measure is used by management for their own planning, budgeting, reporting and incentive purposes since it provides information on those elements of performance which local managers are most directly able to influence.
29
Business review (continued)
Operating results 2009 compared with 2008
Summary consolidated income statement
|
Year ended 30 June | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | |||||
|
£ million |
£ million |
|||||
Sales |
12,283 | 10,643 | |||||
Excise duties |
(2,972 | ) | (2,553 | ) | |||
Net sales |
9,311 | 8,090 | |||||
Operating costs |
(6,698 | ) | (5,786 | ) | |||
Operating profit before exceptional items |
2,613 | 2,304 | |||||
Exceptional items |
(170 | ) | (78 | ) | |||
Operating profit |
2,443 | 2,226 | |||||
Sale of businesses |
| 9 | |||||
Net finance charges |
(592 | ) | (319 | ) | |||
Share of associates' profits after tax |
164 | 177 | |||||
Profit before taxation |
2,015 | 2,093 | |||||
Taxation |
(292 | ) | (522 | ) | |||
Profit from continuing operations |
1,723 | 1,571 | |||||
Discontinued operations |
2 | 26 | |||||
Profit for the year |
1,725 | 1,597 | |||||
Attributable to: |
|||||||
Equity shareholders |
1,621 | 1,521 | |||||
Minority interests |
104 | 76 | |||||
|
1,725 | 1,597 | |||||
Sales and net sales On a reported basis, sales increased by £1,640 million from £10,643 million in the year ended 30 June 2008 to £12,283 million in the year ended 30 June 2009. On a reported basis net sales increased by £1,221 million from £8,090 million in the year ended 30 June 2008 to £9,311 million in the year ended 30 June 2009. Exchange rate movements increased reported sales by £1,362 million and reported net sales by £1,095 million. Acquisitions increased reported sales by £160 million and reported net sales by £151 million for the year.
Operating costs before exceptional items On a reported basis, operating costs before exceptional items increased by £912 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 due to an increase in cost of sales of £623 million, from £3,245 million to £3,868 million, an increase in marketing expenses of £73 million, from £1,239 million to £1,312 million, and an increase in other operating expenses of £216 million, from £1,302 million to £1,518 million. The impact of exchange rate movements increased total operating costs before exceptional items by £928 million.
Exceptional items Exceptional items are those that, in management's judgement, need to be disclosed by virtue of their size or incidence in order for the user to obtain a proper understanding of the financial information.
30
Business review (continued)
Exceptional costs totalling £170 million, being £166 million in respect of the global restructuring programme and £4 million in respect of the restructuring of Irish brewing operations are included within operating costs for the year ended 30 June 2009. Exceptional costs of £78 million in respect of the restructuring of Irish brewing operations were included within operating costs in the year ended 30 June 2008.
Post employment plans Post employment costs for the year ended 30 June 2009 were £63 million (2008 £53 million) of which £65 million (2008 £99 million) was included in operating costs and income of £2 million (2008 £46 million) was included in net finance charges. Exceptional pension curtailment gains were £32 million for the year ended 30 June 2009.
The deficit before taxation in respect of post employment plans increased by £975 million from £408 million at 30 June 2008 to £1,383 million at 30 June 2009. The increase in the deficit is primarily a result of a reduction in the value of the assets held by the plans, and a lower discount rate, partly offset by a lower inflation rate.
Operating profit Reported operating profit for the year ended 30 June 2009 increased by £217 million to £2,443 million from £2,226 million in the prior year. Exchange rate movements increased operating profit for the year ended 30 June 2009 by £154 million. Excluding exceptional costs, operating profit for the year ended 30 June 2009 increased by £309 million to £2,613 million from £2,304 million in the prior year. Exchange rate movements increased operating profit before exceptional items by £167 million.
Acquisitions Brand additions made in the year ended 30 June 2008, principally Ketel One vodka, Rosenblum Cellars wine and the distribution rights for Zacapa rum, contributed £151 million to net sales and £43 million to operating profit in the year ended 30 June 2009 in addition to the organic element.
Sale of businesses In the year ended 30 June 2008, a gain of £9 million arose from the sale of businesses.
Net finance charges Net finance charges increased from £319 million in the year ended 30 June 2008 to £592 million in the year ended 30 June 2009.
The net interest charge for the year ended 30 June 2009 increased by £175 million to £516 million from £341 million in the prior year. This increase resulted principally from the increase in net borrowings in the year, adverse exchange rate movements of £64 million and an increase in the adverse impact of the revaluation to year end market rates of interest rate swaps under IAS 39 of £8 million.
Net other finance charges for the year ended 30 June 2009 were £76 million (2008 net other finance income of £22 million). There was a reduction of £44 million in income in respect of the group's post employment plans from £46 million in the year ended 30 June 2008 to £2 million in the year ended 30 June 2009. Other finance charges also include £33 million (2008 £5 million income) in respect of exchange rate translation differences on inter-company funding arrangements that do not meet the accounting criteria for recognition in equity, £11 million (2008 £6 million) in respect of exchange movements on net borrowings not in a hedge relationship and therefore recognised in the income statement, £21 million (2008 £17 million) on unwinding of discounts on liabilities and £13 million (2008 £6 million) in respect of other finance charges.
Associates The group's share of associates' profits after interest and tax was £164 million for the year ended 30 June 2009 compared to £177 million in the prior year. Diageo's 34% equity interest in Moët
31
Business review (continued)
Hennessy contributed £151 million (2008 £161 million) to share of associates' profits after interest and tax.
Profit before taxation Profit before taxation decreased by £78 million from £2,093 million to £2,015 million in the year ended 30 June 2009.
Taxation The reported tax rate for the year ended 30 June 2009 is 14.5% compared with 24.9% for the year ended 30 June 2008. Factors that reduced the reported tax rate in the year included settlements agreed with tax authorities that gave rise to changes in the value of deferred tax assets and tax provisions.
Discontinued operations In connection with the past disposal of the Pillsbury business, Diageo guaranteed debt of a third party until November 2009 and profit after tax from discontinued operations in the year ended 30 June 2009 of £2 million (2008 £2 million) represents a provision release in respect of this. In the year ended 30 June 2008 there was a £24 million tax credit relating to the disposal of the Pillsbury business.
Exchange rate movements For the year ending 30 June 2010 at current exchange rates (US$/£1.65, €/£1.15) foreign exchange movements (excluding the exchange impacts of IAS 21 and IAS 39) are estimated to increase operating profit by £80 million and decrease the interest charge by £10 million.
Dividend The directors recommend a final dividend of 22.20 pence per share, an increase of 5% on last year's final dividend. The full dividend would therefore be 36.10 pence per share, an increase of 5.1% from the year ended 30 June 2008. Subject to approval by shareholders, the final dividend will be paid on 19 October 2009 to shareholders on the register on 11 September 2009. Payment to US ADR holders will be made on 23 October 2009. A dividend reinvestment plan is available in respect of the final dividend and the plan notice date is 28 September 2009.
Analysis by business area and brand
In order to assist the reader of the financial statements, the following comparison of 2009 with 2008 includes tables which present the exchange, acquisitions and disposals and organic components of the year on year movement for each of volume, sales, net sales and operating profit. Organic movements in the tables below are calculated as follows:
(a) The organic movement percentage is the amount in the column headed Organic movement in the tables below expressed as a percentage of the aggregate of the column headed 2008 Reported, the column headed Exchange and the amounts, if any, in respect of disposals and transfers included in the column headed Acquisitions, disposals and transfers. The inclusion of the column headed Exchange in the organic movement calculation reflects the adjustment to recalculate the prior period results as if they had been generated at the current period's exchange rates.
(b) Where a business, brand, brand distribution right or agency agreement was disposed of, or terminated, in the current period, the group, in organic movement calculations, adjusts the results for the comparable prior period to exclude the amount the group earned in that period that it could not have earned in the current period (i.e. the period between the date in the prior period, equivalent to the date of the disposal in the current period, and the end of the prior period). As a result, the organic movement numbers reflect only comparable performance. Similarly, if a business was disposed of part way through the equivalent prior period, then its contribution would be completely excluded from that prior period's performance in the organic movement calculation, since the group recognised no contribution from that business in the current period. In the calculation of operating profit, the
32
Business review (continued)
overheads included in disposals are only those directly attributable to the businesses disposed of, and do not result from subjective judgements of management. For acquisitions, a similar adjustment is made in the organic movement calculations. For acquisitions subsequent to the end of the equivalent prior period, the post acquisition results in the current period are excluded from the organic movement calculations. For acquisitions in the prior period, post acquisition results are included in full in the prior period but are only included from the anniversary of the acquisition date in the current period.
The organic movement calculations for volume, sales, net sales and operating profit before exceptional items for the year ended 30 June 2009 were as follows:
|
2008 Reported units |
Acquisitions, disposals and transfers units |
Organic movement units |
2009 Reported units |
Organic movement |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
million |
million |
million |
million |
% |
|||||||||||
Volume |
||||||||||||||||
North America |
51.1 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 53.0 | | |||||||||||
Europe |
41.6 | | (2.6 | ) | 39.0 | (6 | ) | |||||||||
International |
39.1 | | (1.6 | ) | 37.5 | (4 | ) | |||||||||
Asia Pacific |
13.2 | | (1.4 | ) | 11.8 | (11 | ) | |||||||||
Total volume |
145.0 | 1.8 | (5.5 | ) | 141.3 | (4 | ) | |||||||||
|
2008 Reported |
Exchange | Acquisitions, disposals and transfers |
Organic movement |
2009 Reported |
Organic movement |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
% |
|||||||||||||
Sales |
|||||||||||||||||||
North America |
2,965 | 715 | 149 | 29 | 3,858 | 1 | |||||||||||||
Europe |
4,046 | 353 | 7 | (127 | ) | 4,279 | (3 | ) | |||||||||||
International |
2,376 | 192 | 3 | 232 | 2,803 | 9 | |||||||||||||
Asia Pacific |
1,168 | 99 | 1 | | 1,268 | | |||||||||||||
Corporate |
88 | 3 | | (16 | ) | 75 | (18 | ) | |||||||||||
Total sales |
10,643 | 1,362 | 160 | 118 | 12,283 | 1 | |||||||||||||
33
Business review (continued)
|
2008 Reported |
Exchange | Acquisitions, disposals and transfers |
Organic movement |
2009 Reported |
Organic movement |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
% |
|||||||||||||
Net sales |
|||||||||||||||||||
North America |
2,523 | 602 | 142 | 23 | 3,290 | 1 | |||||||||||||
Europe |
2,630 | 260 | 6 | (146 | ) | 2,750 | (5 | ) | |||||||||||
International |
1,971 | 156 | 2 | 157 | 2,286 | 7 | |||||||||||||
Asia Pacific |
877 | 74 | 1 | (42 | ) | 910 | (4 | ) | |||||||||||
Corporate |
89 | 3 | | (17 | ) | 75 | (18 | ) | |||||||||||
Total net sales |
8,090 | 1,095 | 151 | (25 | ) | 9,311 | | ||||||||||||
Excise duties |
2,553 | 2,972 | |||||||||||||||||
Total sales |
10,643 | 12,283 | |||||||||||||||||
Operating profit |
|||||||||||||||||||
North America |
907 | 206 | 45 | (2 | ) | 1,156 | | ||||||||||||
Europe |
798 | 66 | (2 | ) | (6 | ) | 856 | (1 | ) | ||||||||||
International |
593 | (5 | ) | | 57 | 645 | 10 | ||||||||||||
Asia Pacific |
170 | (6 | ) | | | 164 | | ||||||||||||
Corporate |
(164 | ) | (94 | ) | | 50 | (208 | ) | | ||||||||||
Total operating profit before exceptional items |
2,304 | 167 | 43 | 99 | 2,613 | 4 | |||||||||||||
Exceptional items |
(78 | ) | (170 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total operating profit |
2,226 | 2,443 | |||||||||||||||||
Notes
34
Business review (continued)
Key brand performance
|
Volume movement* |
Organic net sales movement |
Reported net sales movement |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
% |
% |
% |
|||||||
Smirnoff |
(2 | ) | 2 | 17 | ||||||
Johnnie Walker |
(11 | ) | (6 | ) | 4 | |||||
Captain Morgan |
3 | 7 | 29 | |||||||
Baileys |
(10 | ) | (9 | ) | 3 | |||||
JeB |
(13 | ) | (12 | ) | | |||||
José Cuervo |
2 | 3 | 27 | |||||||
Tanqueray |
(10 | ) | (8 | ) | 12 | |||||
Crown Royal North America |
(1 | ) | (1 | ) | 23 | |||||
Buchanan's International |
(15 | ) | 2 | 18 | ||||||
Windsor Asia Pacific |
3 | 22 | 17 | |||||||
Guinness |
(3 | ) | 4 | 16 | ||||||
Total key brands** |
(5 | ) | (1 | ) | 13 |
Smirnoff vodka: strong net sales growth in North America, International and Australia offset weakness in Europe. The performance of Smirnoff Black in all its markets along with price increases which were taken in the majority of markets delivered 4 percentage points of price/mix.
Johnnie Walker: the global economic environment had a significant impact on Johnnie Walker as it is the most global premium drinks brand. De-stocking, the reduction in travel which led to a decline in sales through travel retail outlets and a reduction in business entertaining and consumption in traditional on-trade outlets in Asia Pacific have led to a reduction in net sales.
Captain Morgan: strong performance mainly driven by share gains in North America which accounts for almost 90% of net sales. The successful introduction of the brand into markets in Europe and International has continued. Innovation with the launch of Captain Morgan 100 in North America, together with price increases drove overall price/mix improvement.
Baileys: weakness in Spain and de-stocking in many markets was partially offset by growth in Great Britain.
JeB: the weakness of the Spanish scotch category was the primary driver of the decline in JeB.
José Cuervo: share gains on José Cuervo Gold plus a successful launch of José Cuervo Silver in North America led to volume and net sales growth.
Tanqueray: weakness in North America drove overall performance although the brand grew in Europe and Asia Pacific.
Crown Royal: volume reduction on the higher priced Reserve and Cask 16 variants led to a small decline in volume and net sales despite growth in Crown Royal.
35
Business review (continued)
Buchanan's: growth in the key markets of Venezuela, Mexico and Colombia was offset by the decline in the Caribbean and other Latin American markets. The brand continued to grow in North America and gained share. Price increases drove net sales growth.
Windsor: growth in Korea following the return to Diageo's normal route to market. The brand's share grew in Korea benefiting from a bottle re-design and also grew in China following its recent launch.
Guinness: strong growth in Africa with net sales up 18%. Its performance in Asia Pacific continued to improve and sales stabilised in Ireland. Out-performance in the declining Great Britain beer category delivered further share gains in that market.
Category summary
|
Organic volume movement |
Organic net sales movement |
Reported volume movement |
Reported net sales movement |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
% |
% |
% |
% |
|||||||||
Global priority brands |
(5 | ) | (2 | ) | (5 | ) | 11 | ||||||
Local priority brands* |
(1 | ) | 1 | 5 | 24 | ||||||||
Category brands* |
(2 | ) | 4 | (1 | ) | 17 | |||||||
Spirits** |
(4 |
) |
|
(3 |
) |
16 |
|||||||
Beer |
| 5 | | 16 | |||||||||
Wine |
1 | (5 | ) | 2 | 12 | ||||||||
Ready to drink |
(11 | ) | (8 | ) | (11 | ) | 5 |
Spirits: Vodka net sales up 8% and rum net sales up 6% were the strongest categories in spirits. Scotch net sales declined 3% mainly as a result of de-stocking. The liqueurs category was weak as a result of de-stocking and declining consumer demand and net sales declined by 9%.
Beer: The strong performance of Diageo's beer brands in Africa was the key driver of the overall performance of beer. There was continued growth in Asia Pacific and while beer net sales declined in Ireland by 4% and in Great Britain by 1%, this performance was significantly stronger than that of the beer category in both countries.
Wine: The weakness of the higher priced wine segment in the US was the biggest contributor to the 5% overall decline in wine as the US accounts for over half of Diageo's total wine net sales. In contrast wine performed strongly in Great Britain and net sales grew 6%.
Ready to drink: The 2008 excise duty increase on ready to drink products in Australia drove much of the weakness in performance. While in International the segment continued to grow strongly, the planned de-stock of ready to drink brands in the US, together with weakness in the segment there and in Europe, contributed to the overall decline.
36
Business review (continued)
Corporate revenue and costs Net sales decreased by £14 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £75 million, from £89 million in the prior year. Net operating costs before exceptional items increased by £44 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £208 million, from £164 million in the prior year.
Diageo undertakes the majority of its currency transaction hedging centrally and therefore £86 million of negative year on year transaction impact was taken to Corporate. In addition there was a negative year on year translation impact of £8 million in Corporate. The regions are reported using forecast transaction exchange rates with the difference between forecast and achieved rates being included in Corporate. This amounted to a benefit of £38 million in the year. There was a £12 million reduction in underlying Corporate net costs.
Key highlights
Key measures
|
2009 | 2008 | Reported movement |
Organic movement |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
% |
% |
|||||||||
Volume |
4 | | |||||||||||
Net sales |
3,290 | 2,523 | 30 | 1 | |||||||||
Marketing spend |
429 | 366 | 17 | (9 | ) | ||||||||
Operating profit before exceptional items |
1,156 | 907 | 27 | | |||||||||
Operating profit |
1,131 | 907 | 25 | |
Reported performance Net sales increased by £767 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £3,290 million, from £2,523 million in the prior year. Reported operating profit before exceptional items increased by £249 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £1,156 million, from £907 million in the prior year. Operating profit increased by £224 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £1,131 million, from £907 million in the prior year.
37
Business review (continued)
Organic performance The weighted average exchange rate used to translate US dollar sales and profit moved from £1 = $2.01 in the year ended 30 June 2008 to £1 = $1.60 in the year ended 30 June 2009. Exchange rate impacts increased net sales by £602 million, acquisitions increased net sales by £142 million and there was an organic increase in net sales of £23 million. Exchange rate impacts increased operating profit by £206 million, acquisitions increased operating profit by £45 million and there was an organic decrease in operating profit before exceptional items of £2 million.
Despite the economic climate, the total beverage alcohol market in North America grew in both volume and value. Within spirits, there has been a trend for consumers to trade out of the super and ultra premium segments and down to lower price segments; however the premium segment, where Diageo is most represented, has proved the most resilient and has gained share of the overall spirits category. As consumer demand slowed stock levels reduced in aggregate across the whole supply chain. Spirits stocks with distributors at the end of June 2009 were higher when compared to June 2008, although there has been a significant reduction in absolute levels since December. Stock levels held by retailers are down year on year. The planned beer and ready to drink stock reduction was completed successfully resulting in net sales declines of 6% in beer and 8% in ready to drink. The slowdown of the wine category, especially at price points above $25 per bottle has led to a decline in Diageo wine net sales of 7%. Overall price/mix of 1 percentage point was achieved by strong price increases in the first half on premium brands partially offset by negative mix driven by volume declines in the higher net sales per case scotch category and ready to drink segment.
Smirnoff vodka grew as a result of higher marketing spend and price increases on Smirnoff Red. Marketing spend increased 2% behind core growth drivers reinforcing the quality message combined with investment behind innovation launches on the Smirnoff Flavours range.
Johnnie Walker was impacted by the economic climate that led to the total scotch category declining 3% in value with weaker performance in the deluxe segment. Johnnie Walker Red Label net sales declined 2% and Black Label declined 7% but both gained share of their segments while maintaining price premiums. In the super deluxe segment, Johnnie Walker Blue Label experienced double digit declines and marketing spend was re-directed towards Johnnie Walker Black Label.
38
Business review (continued)
Investment behind the 'Strides' marketing campaign and driving loyalty through relationship marketing have led to strong improvements across key brand equity measures.
Brand performance
|
Organic volume movement |
Organic net sales movement |
Reported volume movement |
Reported net sales movement |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
% |
% |
% |
% |
|||||||||
Global priority brands |
(2 | ) | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | 22 | ||||||
Local priority brands* |
1 | | 19 | 47 | |||||||||
Category brands* |
6 | 11 | 6 | 36 | |||||||||
Total |
| 1 | 4 | 30 | |||||||||
Key brands:** |
|||||||||||||
Smirnoff |
1 | 6 | 1 | 30 | |||||||||
Johnnie Walker |
(6 | ) | (8 | ) | (6 | ) | 14 | ||||||
Captain Morgan |
3 | 7 | 3 | 32 | |||||||||
Baileys |
(5 | ) | (5 | ) | (5 | ) | 16 | ||||||
José Cuervo |
3 | 4 | 3 | 30 | |||||||||
Tanqueray |
(12 | ) | (12 | ) | (12 | ) | 10 | ||||||
Crown Royal |
(1 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | 23 | ||||||
Guinness |
(11 | ) | (6 | ) | (11 | ) | 15 | ||||||
Ready to drink |
(10 | ) | (8 | ) | (10 | ) | 14 |
Captain Morgan had a strong year, delivering volume and net sales growth and share gains. Four percentage points of positive price/mix was delivered through price increases on Original Spiced Rum and the launch of the higher priced Captain Morgan 100. Increased marketing spend behind the 'Got a little Captain in you' television campaign led to share gains in the rum category and improved brand equity scores.
The liqueur category has been among the hardest hit in the current economic environment and Baileys net sales declined but share was maintained. The decline of Original Irish Cream was partially offset by the successful launch of Baileys with a hint of Coffee.
José Cuervo grew volume 3% and net sales 4%. Share gains on José Cuervo Gold driven by an increase in distribution points and the launch of José Cuervo Silver more than offset weakness in the on-trade.
Tanqueray net sales declined 12% in line with volumes as price increases on the core London Dry variant were offset by faster declines on the higher priced variants Tanqueray No.10 and Rangpur. Marketing investment was reduced as spend was re-directed to fund proven growth drivers on other brands.
Crown Royal volume and net sales declined 1%. Positive net sales growth on the core variant was more than offset by the poor economic conditions impacting the higher priced Reserve and Cask 16 variants. Crown Royal in Canada under-performed the United States, as price increases were not followed by the competition leading to price gaps at retail that impacted volume.
39
Business review (continued)
Guinness net sales declined 6% as a result of three factors: the planned stock reduction, consumers trading out of the higher priced imported beer segment and into domestic beer, and overall weakness in the on-trade which particularly impacted keg volume. Price increases on both keg and packaged Guinness contributed 5 percentage points of price/mix.
Local priority brands grew volume 1% and held net sales flat driven by the organic contribution of Ketel One vodka and sales of Seagram's 7. This was offset by the decline in US wines, in particular on Chalone wines, as consumers traded down from higher price points. To offset this, Diageo wines increased promotional activity in the second half and launched a number of new products at price-points of $10 and below.
Category brand volume grew 6% and net sales grew 11% reflecting the opportunities presented by Diageo's broad brand range. Cîroc vodka continued its strong growth trajectory, as a result of the combination of Diageo, Sean Combs and the brand itself, and grew volume 137% and net sales 159%. At the other end of the pricing spectrum and capitalising on the consumer shift towards value brands were Gordon's gin with net sales up 9%, Gordon's vodka up 11% and Popov vodka up 14%.
Ready to drink net sales declined 8% as a result of segment decline and the planned stock reduction. Diageo continued to innovate in this segment with the launch of several new Smirnoff Ice flavours and a range of ready to serve Smirnoff Cocktails, reflecting the trend for increased at-home consumption.
Marketing spend for the year decreased 9% due to a reduction of investment behind those brands and segments most impacted by the current economic climate and media rate deflation. While investment behind ready to drink, beer and Tanqueray decreased, proven growth drivers elsewhere in the brand range were fully supported, in particular on Captain Morgan, Cîroc vodka and innovation launches. Overall, Diageo's share of voice of total spirits advertising spend increased 4 percentage points.
Canada has also been affected by the global economic slowdown but it has not experienced contractions on the scale of the United States. Price increases on core spirits together with increased marketing spend behind Smirnoff and Captain Morgan delivered 7% net sales growth.
Gross margin was adversely affected by input cost increases, the negative mix effect of consumers trading down within brands and the volume decline of higher gross margin segments and categories such as ready to drink, scotch and liqueurs. Price increases on core variants taken in the first half plus reductions in overall marketing spend combined to deliver constant operating profit for the year.
Key highlights
40
Business review (continued)
Key measures
|
2009 | 2008 | Reported movement |
Organic movement |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
% |
% |
|||||
Volume |
(6 | ) | (6 | ) | |||||
Net sales |
2,750 | 2,630 | 5 | (5 | ) | ||||
Marketing spend |
419 | 438 | (4 | ) | (14 | ) | |||
Operating profit before exceptional items |
856 | 798 | 7 | (1 | ) | ||||
Operating profit |
790 | 720 | 10 | (1 | ) |
Reported performance Net sales increased by £120 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £2,750 million, from £2,630 million in the prior year. Reported operating profit before exceptional items increased by £58 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £856 million, from £798 million in the prior year. Operating profit increased by £70 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £790 million, from £720 million in the prior year.
Organic performance The weighted average exchange rate used to translate euro sales and profit moved from £1 = €1.36 in the year ended 30 June 2008 to £1 = €1.17 in the year ended 30 June 2009. Exchange rate impacts increased net sales by £260 million, acquisitions increased net sales by £6 million and there was an organic decrease in net sales of £146 million. Exchange rate impacts increased operating profit by £66 million, acquisitions decreased operating profit by £2 million and there was an organic decrease in operating profit before exceptional items of £6 million.
In Great Britain net sales were up 2% driven by strong spirits and wine performance and Diageo gained share of beer in the on-trade and of spirits and wine in the off-trade. Bell's and Baileys performed strongly with both brands gaining share in the on-trade and off-trade following a robust Christmas. Smirnoff vodka net sales declined 3% as the brand came under increased pressure from heavily promoted competitor brands.
The performance in Ireland was impacted by the continued decline of the total beverage alcohol market where volume declined by 4% and value by 3%. Against this, Guinness net sales were flat as Diageo maintained investment behind the brand with the 250th Anniversary and the 'Alive inside' campaigns. For the second consecutive year Guinness grew share in the key Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland on-trade channels.
In Spain volume was down 21% and net sales were down 20% in line with market trends following the steep decline in the economy from mid-November onwards. Rising unemployment, lower consumer confidence and spending power reduced demand across consumer categories and led to a shift from on-trade to off-trade impacting spirits consumption. Significant de-stocking occurred as limited credit availability in the market led to some wholesalers being unable to fund their stock.
In Russia volume was up 2% and net sales were up 1% following a strong first half performance. Johnnie Walker remained the key brand and accounted for almost 50% of net sales. Price/mix was down 1 percentage point as consumers traded down from deluxe to standard scotch and both Johnnie Walker Red Label and White Horse grew share. In many markets in Eastern Europe Diageo's key brands gained share.
41
Business review (continued)
Smirnoff vodka net sales were down 6% with declines in Great Britain and Spain partially offset by net sales growth in Continental Europe. Smirnoff continued to be the number one premium spirit in Great Britain and grew share in Ireland.
Brand performance
|
Organic volume movement |
Organic net sales movement |
Reported volume movement |
Reported net sales movement |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
% |
% |
% |
% |
|||||
Global priority brands |
(8 | ) | (6 | ) | (8 | ) | 4 | ||
Local priority brands |
(6 | ) | (6 | ) | (6 | ) | 4 | ||
Category brands* |
(1 | ) | (2 | ) | (1 | ) | 8 | ||
Total |
(6 | ) | (5 | ) | (6 | ) | 5 | ||
Key brands:** |
|||||||||
Smirnoff |
(8 | ) | (6 | ) | (8 | ) | | ||
Johnnie Walker |
(5 | ) | (4 | ) | (5 | ) | 7 | ||
Baileys |
(9 | ) | (10 | ) | (9 | ) | | ||
JeB |
(13 | ) | (13 | ) | (13 | ) | | ||
Guinness |
(6 | ) | | (6 | ) | 8 | |||
Ready to drink |
(17 | ) | (11 | ) | (17 | ) | (2 | ) |
Johnnie Walker net sales decreased by 4% mainly driven by the performance in Spain and Russia. The brand continued to perform well in Greece where Johnnie Walker Black Label grew net sales by 14% following the successful launch of the anniversary pack supported by the 'Strides' and 'Crossroads' campaigns. The brand benefited from price increases in all markets leading to positive price/mix in the region.
Baileys net sales were down 10%. The overall decline of the brand was mainly due to performance in Iberia, where net sales declined in line with the category. In Great Britain both Baileys Original and the Baileys Flavours variants grew volume and net sales with positive price/mix following the successful launch of Baileys Coffee.
JeB volume and net sales were down 13%, principally due to performance in Iberia where the economic environment has driven a significant decline in consumption and customer stock levels.
In Great Britain Guinness has now delivered 30 consecutive months of volume share growth in the on-trade and therefore despite the difficult on-trade beer segment, net sales of Guinness declined only 1%. In the second half net sales were flat, while the beer market continued to decline driven by the switch from on-trade to off-trade and the increase in beer duty. This share gain was driven by the execution of a new strategy to focus on less frequent purchasers, investment behind the 250th Anniversary and the '17:59' and 'Alive inside' campaigns. In Ireland net sales were also flat and Guinness grew share in key on-trade channels.
Local priority brand net sales were down 6% driven by Cacique and Cardhu in Iberia and the agency beer brands in Ireland partially offset by Harp, which benefited from the continued rollout of Harp Ice Cold. Bell's had good net sales and volume growth in Great Britain, driven by the launch of
42
Business review (continued)
Bell's Original supported by a marketing programme called 'The Spirit of Arthur Bell' which included television, newspaper and direct mail advertising.
Category brand volume was down 1% and net sales were down 2% with declines in most markets offset by growth in Blossom Hill in Great Britain and growth of White Horse scotch in Russia.
Ready to drink volume was down 17% as the segment continued to decline. Smirnoff Ice volume was down 20% in Great Britain although the brand grew share in the on-trade.
Marketing spend was down 14% across the region particularly driven by Spain and Ireland, countries where the economic conditions were harder and the beverage alcohol consumption declined more significantly.
Key highlights
Key measures
|
2009 | 2008 | Reported movement |
Organic movement |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
% |
% |
|||||||||
Volume |
(4 | ) | (4 | ) | |||||||||
Net sales |
2,286 | 1,971 | 16 | 7 | |||||||||
Marketing spend |
256 | 244 | 5 | (3 | ) | ||||||||
Operating profit before exceptional items |
645 | 593 | 9 | 10 | |||||||||
Operating profit |
623 | 593 | 5 | 10 |
Reported performance Net sales increased by £315 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £2,286 million, from £1,971 million in the prior year. Reported operating profit before exceptional items increased by £52 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £645 million, from £593 million in the prior year. Operating profit increased by £30 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £623 million, from £593 million in the prior year.
Organic performance Exchange rate impacts increased net sales by £156 million, acquisitions increased net sales by £2 million and there was an organic increase in net sales of £157 million. Exchange rate impacts decreased operating profit by £5 million and there was an organic increase in operating profit before exceptional items of £57 million.
Continued strong performance in Africa and net sales growth in Latin America drove International performance as Global Travel was impacted by the global economic weakness.
43
Business review (continued)
In International 70% of scotch net sales are in Latin America where significant price increases were taken in the first half to offset the impact of major devaluations of local currencies. The strengthening of the US dollar particularly impacted the US dollar priced duty free business in the region. In the second half a number of these currencies have strengthened easing volume pressure, and prices have been moderated in line with the currency movement. In Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil volume and net sales grew with strong performances of Buchanan's, Johnnie Walker and Smirnoff ready to drink.
Similarly Africa accounts for 90% of beer net sales in the region and performed strongly driven by Guinness, local beer brands and a strong innovation pipeline. Although growth slowed in the second half of the year as the region started to be impacted by the global economic downturn, volume was up 2% and net sales grew 16%.
Global Travel continued to be impacted as global economic weakness led to a decline in passenger numbers and de-stocking in travel retail. Lower volume in the super deluxe segment led to negative mix. In the Middle East, volume grew 3% and net sales grew 6% primarily from the growth in standard scotch.
Smirnoff vodka volume was flat and net sales were up 9%. Volume performance was driven by growth in Brazil and South Africa offset by declines in the Global Travel and Middle East business and the Caribbean. Net sales growth was driven by price increases in Brazil and South Africa.
Johnnie Walker volume declined by 12% and net sales by 3%. Johnnie Walker Red Label grew net sales following strong growth in Mexico while Johnnie Walker Black Label net sales were flat. Super deluxe variants net sales declined as growth in Latin America, Africa and the Middle East was offset by declines in Global Travel.
Baileys net sales declined 11% as growth in Venezuela and Africa was offset by the slowdown in the duty free channel.
44
Business review (continued)
Buchanan's net sales grew by 2% with strong volume and net sales growth in Venezuela, the brand's biggest market with net sales up 24% and in Mexico where net sales were up 28%. Volume and net sales saw declines in the duty free channel in Latin America as a result of de-stocking and credit and currency issues impacted performance.
Brand performance
|
Organic volume movement |
Organic net sales movement |
Reported volume movement |
Reported net sales movement |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
% |
% |
% |
% |
|||||||||
Global priority brands |
(5 | ) | 5 | (5 | ) | 12 | |||||||
Local priority brands |
| 9 | | 20 | |||||||||
Category brands* |
(5 | ) | 11 | (5 | ) | 20 | |||||||
Total |
(4 | ) | 7 | (4 | ) | 16 | |||||||
Key brands:** |
|||||||||||||
Smirnoff |
| 9 | | 17 | |||||||||
Johnnie Walker |
(12 | ) | (3 | ) | (12 | ) | 2 | ||||||
Baileys |
(16 | ) | (11 | ) | (16 | ) | (5 | ) | |||||
Buchanan's |
(15 | ) | 2 | (15 | ) | 18 | |||||||
Guinness |
2 | 15 | 2 | 28 | |||||||||
Ready to drink |
6 | 13 | 6 | 23 |
Guinness volume was up 2% and net sales grew 15% driven by the continued performance of the brand in Africa where volume was up 4% and net sales up 18%. Strong double-digit net sales growth was achieved in Nigeria, Ghana and East Africa supported by on-trade promotion around English Premier League football.
Local priority brands net sales grew 9% with consistent performance across many markets. There was 7% volume and 15% net sales growth in Africa, notably from Malta Guinness in Nigeria, Pilsner and Tusker in East Africa and Bell's in South Africa. Price increases across the region offset the impact of the volume decline on scotch in Latin America.
Category brand net sales were up 11% primarily as a result of Harp in Nigeria, Cacique in Venezuela, Senator in East Africa and Star in Ghana.
Ready to drink volume increased by 6% and net sales grew 13% on price increases on Smirnoff ready to drink brands in most markets and volume gains in Latin America, especially Brazil, and in Nigeria. Volume growth in Brazil, Nigeria and Cameroon offset a volume decrease in South Africa where the ready to drink segment declined compared to the prior year.
In a tough trading environment East Africa grew net sales 6%. Excise duty increases on non-malted beer led to declining volumes of Allsopps and Citizen though overall beer volumes were up driven by Guinness, Tusker and Senator. Further excise duty increases negatively impacted the spirits category with total spirits net sales declining 8%.
45
Business review (continued)
Nigeria had a strong performance with volume up 22% and net sales up 30% driven by Guinness, Malta Guinness and Harp which all took price increases in the period. Smirnoff Ice performed well with volume up over 50% while Malta Guinness continued to benefit from the bottle relaunch in 2008.
South Africa's global and local priority brands grew whilst category brands declined as a result of the focus on driving value in scotch. Smirnoff vodka drove global priority brand growth while growth in local priority brands was driven by Bell's, which grew share and maintained its position as the number one scotch in South Africa.
Ghana faced a challenging year as a result of the economic environment and water shortages in the first half which led to constrained production and a full year volume decline of 6%. Strong pricing led to net sales growth of 24% as price increases were taken to cover off the increase in cost of goods arising as a result of the devaluation of the Cedi.
Cameroon performed well with volume up 17% and net sales up 19%. Volume performance was driven by Guinness, Saltzenbrau and the successful launch of Smirnoff Ice in November. Net sales grew two percentage points ahead of volume as price increases on Guinness offset the small price decrease on Malta Quench, which brought it in line with competitor brands.
In Mexico strong volume and net sales growth of Johnnie Walker and Buchanan's drove overall scotch net sales up 38% and maintained Diageo's leadership position in the scotch category.
In Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil volume declines in scotch were partially offset by growth in Smirnoff vodka while net sales grew as price increases, particularly on scotch brands were made in the individual markets. Positive channel mix with stronger volumes from the higher value Brazil domestic channel helped to grow the top line.
Strong performance of deluxe and super deluxe scotch along with Cacique growth ahead of the rum category drove volume and net sales growth in Venezuela. Johnnie Walker, Buchanan's and Old Parr all grew net sales by double digits as price increases were put through in line with Diageo's scotch strategy.
Marketing spend in the region declined by 3% as increased spend in Nigeria and Cameroon was offset by efficiencies in Latin America and the transfer of ready to drink, cider and beer brand spend to the new South African venture.
Key highlights
46
Business review (continued)
Key measures
|
2009 | 2008 | Reported movement |
Organic movement |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
% |
% |
|||||||||
Volume |
(11 | ) | (11 | ) | |||||||||
Net sales |
910 | 877 | 4 | (4 | ) | ||||||||
Marketing spend |
208 | 191 | 9 | (5 | ) | ||||||||
Operating profit before exceptional items |
164 | 170 | (4 | ) | | ||||||||
Operating profit |
128 | 170 | (25 | ) | |
Reported performance Net sales increased by £33 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £910 million, from £877 million in the prior year. Reported operating profit before exceptional items decreased by £6 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £164 million, from £170 million in the prior year. Operating profit decreased by £42 million in the year ended 30 June 2009 to £128 million, from £170 million in the prior year.
Organic performance Exchange rate impacts increased net sales by £74 million, acquisitions increased net sales by £1 million and there was an organic decrease in net sales of £42 million. Exchange rate impacts decreased operating profit by £6 million and there was no organic movement in operating profit before exceptional items.
Smirnoff vodka grew volume 1% and net sales 13% in the region led by a strong performance from Australia, which grew volume 12% and net sales 38%. Strong price/mix was delivered by price increases taken in the first half combined with positive mix from the strong volume growth of the higher priced Smirnoff Black variant due to the successful 'Bond' activation.
Johnnie Walker performance across the region was heavily impacted by the economic slowdown, which impacted consumer confidence and led to weakness in the on-trade and supply chain inventory reductions in key markets. Within the variants, Johnnie Walker Red Label performed well in the standard segment with net sales down 6% and grew share in its largest markets of Thailand and Australia.
Johnnie Walker Black Label and super deluxe were down 13% as they were disproportionately affected by the weakness of the traditional on-trade in key markets such as China and South East Asia. The successful launch of Johnnie Walker Gold Label Reserve across the region provided a new premium offering for the brand and partially mitigated declines in the super deluxe segment.
Bundaberg rum in Australia benefited from consumers trading out of the ready to drink segment but remaining loyal to the brand, and delivered 17% volume growth. Price increases implemented in the first half taken together with the successful launch of the premium priced Bundaberg Red combined to deliver 12 percentage points of price/mix and share gains.
Windsor continued to grow share in its largest market of Korea, more than offsetting the scotch category decline and also benefited from the return of in-market distribution to deliver net sales growth of 23% in Korea. Price increases on the main 12 and 17 year-old variants plus the introduction of a new bottle design led to Windsor ending the year as the clear number one scotch brand in Korea having gained 5 percentage points of share.
Guinness grew net sales 6% as the brand proved resilient in the turbulent economic environment, growing 11% in its largest market of South East Asia.
47
Business review (continued)
Australia remained the key market for Diageo's ready to drink brands in Asia Pacific. A 70% duty increase on spirit-based ready to drink brands imposed by the Australian government in April 2008 resulted in a decrease of 27% in volume and 23% in net sales in Australia this year.
Brand performance
|
Organic volume movement |
Organic net sales movement |
Reported volume movement |
Reported net sales movement |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
% |
% |
% |
% |
|||||||||
Global priority brands |
(14 | ) | (8 | ) | (14 | ) | 2 | ||||||
Local priority brands |
(1 | ) | 8 | (1 | ) | 8 | |||||||
Category brands* |
(10 | ) | (8 | ) | (10 | ) | 3 | ||||||
Total |
(11 | ) | (4 | ) | (11 | ) | 4 | ||||||
Key brands:** |
|||||||||||||
Smirnoff |
1 | 13 | 1 | 24 | |||||||||
Johnnie Walker |
(20 | ) | (12 | ) | (20 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||
Bundaberg rum |
17 | 29 | 17 | 34 | |||||||||
Windsor |
3 | 22 | 3 | 17 | |||||||||
Guinness |
5 | 6 | 5 | 20 | |||||||||
Ready to drink |
(26 | ) | (22 | ) | (26 | ) | (17 | ) |
The impact of this duty increase was less severe in the final quarter as sales began to lap higher prices from the last financial year.
Local priority brands, mainly comprised of Windsor in Korea and Bundaberg in Australia, grew net sales 8%.
Category brands net sales declined 8% primarily as a result of volume decline in value scotch brands such as Haig in India and Spey Royal in Thailand in line with Diageo's scotch value strategy.
In Australia net sales declined 10% as the weakness in the ready to drink segment was partially offset by a 13% net sales increase on spirits. This was driven by share gains on Bundaberg and Johnnie Walker and a successful innovation programme on the Bundaberg and Smirnoff trademarks. Excluding ready to drink, Australia grew net sales 11%.
A full year of sales through the normal route to market in Korea had a positive effect on price/mix as volume was down 3% but net sales were up 16% reflecting higher net sales per case rates than in the comparable period. The two main brands in Korea, Windsor and Johnnie Walker, both grew volume and net sales, more than offsetting scotch category declines.
In China, low consumer confidence levels severely impacted consumption occasions as consumers reduced purchase frequency, especially in the traditional on-trade channel which accounts for almost half of the sales of international spirits in the market. In addition, trade de-stocking at the secondary and tertiary tiers reduced volumes to wholesalers in the South and East of the country where Johnnie Walker is strongest. Net sales of brands through the Diageo China organisation grew strongly albeit from a low base as they derived the majority of sales through the modern on-trade channel which has been less impacted by the financial crisis.
48
Business review (continued)
In India net sales declined 3%. Inappropriately high stock levels across many brands at 31 December 2008 were de-stocked in the second half. For the full year the volume decline in Smirnoff and Haig was only partially offset by growth in Johnnie Walker, Shark Tooth and VAT 69.
Taiwan grew net sales 7%. Price increases on Johnnie Walker and the continued success of The Singleton roll out combined to outperform the 11% volume decline in the scotch category.
Thailand saw net sales decline 3% but recorded share gains on Johnnie Walker Red and Black Labels, Benmore and Smirnoff.
Diageo Korea received a preliminary customs audit assessment notice from the Korean customs authorities in connection with the application of the methodology used in transfer pricing on spirits imports since 2004. Diageo Korea is in discussions with the Korean customs authorities and intends to defend its position vigorously.
Marketing spend declined 5% overall as a result of the reduction in spend behind ready to drink in Australia. However, investment behind spirits increased 7% reflecting the benefit of the transfer of advertising spend back to the in-market company in Korea and the importance of this category to future growth.
Operating results 2008 compared with 2007
Summary consolidated income statement
|
Year ended 30 June | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 | 2007 | |||
|
£ million |
£ million |
|||
Sales |
10,643 | 9,917 | |||
Excise duties |
(2,553 | ) | (2,436 | ) | |
Net sales |
8,090 | 7,481 | |||
Operating costs |
(5,864 | ) | (5,322 | ) | |
Operating profit |
2,226 | 2,159 | |||
Sale of businesses |
9 | (1 | ) | ||
Net finance charges |
(319 | ) | (212 | ) | |
Share of associates' profits after tax |
177 | 149 | |||
Profit before taxation |
2,093 | 2,095 | |||
Taxation |
(522 | ) | (678 | ) | |
Profit from continuing operations |
1,571 | 1,417 | |||
Discontinued operations |
26 | 139 | |||
Profit for the year |
1,597 | 1,556 | |||
Attributable to: |
|||||
Equity shareholders |
1,521 | 1,489 | |||
Minority interests |
76 | 67 | |||
|
1,597 | 1,556 | |||
Sales and net sales On a reported basis, sales increased by £726 million from £9,917 million in the year ended 30 June 2007 to £10,643 million in the year ended 30 June 2008. On a reported basis, net sales increased by £609 million from £7,481 million in the year ended 30 June 2007 to £8,090 million in
49
Business review (continued)
the year ended 30 June 2008. Exchange rate movements increased reported sales by £160 million and reported net sales by £112 million, principally arising from the strengthening of the euro. Acquisitions and disposals resulted in a net increase in reported sales and reported net sales of £1 million for the year.
Operating costs On a reported basis, operating costs increased by £542 million in the year ended 30 June 2008 due to an increase in marketing costs of £77 million, from £1,162 million to £1,239 million, an increase in cost of sales of £242 million, from £3,003 million to £3,245 million, and an increase in other operating expenses of £223 million, from £1,157 million to £1,380 million. Exceptional costs of £78 million in respect of restructuring costs for the Irish brewing operations are included within operating expenses in the year ended 30 June 2008. Offset within other operating expenses in the year ended 30 June 2007 was an exceptional gain of £40 million on the disposal of land at Park Royal in the United Kingdom. Excluding exceptional items, operating costs increased by £424 million from £5,362 million in the year ended 30 June 2007 to £5,786 million in the year ended 30 June 2008.
Post employment plans Post employment costs for the year ended 30 June 2008 of £53 million (2007 £56 million) included amounts charged to operating profit of £99 million (2007 £104 million) partly offset by finance income of £46 million (2007 £48 million). At 30 June 2008, Diageo's deficit before taxation for all post employment plans was £408 million (2007 £419 million).
Operating profit Reported operating profit for the year ended 30 June 2008 increased by £67 million to £2,226 million from £2,159 million in the prior year. In the year ended 30 June 2008, there were exceptional operating costs of £78 million in respect of the restructuring of the Irish brewing operations. Exceptional property profits of £40 million relating to Park Royal were generated in the year ended 30 June 2007. Excluding exceptional items, operating profit for the year increased by £185 million from £2,119 million in the year ended 30 June 2007 to £2,304 million in the year ended 30 June 2008.
Exchange rate movements reduced operating profit for the year ended 30 June 2008 by £5 million compared to the prior year.
Sale of businesses In the year ended 30 June 2008, a gain of £9 million arose from the sale of businesses including a £5 million gain on the sale of the 49% equity holding in Toptable and a £4 million gain on the sale of distribution rights for ready to drink products and Guinness in South Africa to a 42.25% equity accounted associate. In the year ended 30 June 2007, a loss before taxation of £1 million arose from the disposal of businesses.
Net finance charges Net finance charges increased by £107 million from £212 million in the year ended 30 June 2007 to £319 million in the year ended 30 June 2008.
The net interest charge increased by £90 million from £251 million in the prior year to £341 million in the year ended 30 June 2008. This movement principally resulted from the increase in net borrowings in the year and an increase in US dollar and euro interest rates. Exchange rate movements increased the net interest charge by £1 million.
Other net finance income of £22 million (2007 £39 million) included income of £46 million (2007 £48 million) in respect of the group's post employment plans.
Other net finance charges for the year ended 30 June 2008 of £24 million (2007 £9 million) included net charges of £17 million (2007 £16 million) in respect of the unwinding of the discount on discounted provisions, £6 million (2007 £nil) on the conversion of cash transferred out of countries
50
Business review (continued)
where exchange controls are in place and £1 million (2007 income of £7 million) in respect of exchange rate translation differences on inter-company funding arrangements that do not meet the accounting criteria for recognition in equity.
Associates The group's share of associates' profits after interest and tax was £177 million for the year ended 30 June 2008 compared to £149 million in the prior year. Diageo's 34% equity interest in Moët Hennessy contributed £161 million (2007 £136 million) to share of associates' profits after interest and tax.
Profit before taxation Profit before taxation decreased by £2 million from £2,095 million to £2,093 million in the year ended 30 June 2008.
Taxation The reported tax rate for the year ended 30 June 2008 was 24.9% compared with 32.4% for the year ended 30 June 2007. Factors that increased the reported tax rate for the year ended 30 June 2007 were a provision for the settlement of tax liabilities relating to the Guinness/GrandMet merger, lower carrying value of deferred tax assets primarily following a reduction in tax rates and the tax impact of an intra group reorganisation of certain brand businesses.
Discontinued operations In the year ended 30 June 2008, profit after tax in respect of discontinued operations was £26 million. This principally arose from a tax credit of £24 million relating to the disposal of the Pillsbury business. In the year ended 30 June 2007, profit after tax in respect of discontinued operations was £139 million. This profit represented a tax credit of £82 million in respect of the recognition of capital losses that arose on the disposal of Pillsbury and Burger King and a tax credit of £57 million following resolution with the tax authorities of various audit issues including prior year disposals.
Exceptional items before taxation Exceptional items are those that, in management's judgement, need to be disclosed by virtue of their size or incidence in order for the user to obtain a proper understanding of the financial information.
|
2008 | 2007 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
|||
Operating costs |
|||||
Restructuring of Irish brewing operations |
(78 | ) | | ||
Gain on disposal of Park Royal property |
| 40 | |||
Disposals |
|||||
Other business disposals |
9 | (1 | ) |
Analysis by business area and brand
The organic movements for the comparison of the year ended 30 June 2008 compared with the year ended 30 June 2007 are calculated using the same methodology as the organic movements for the year ended 30 June 2009 compared with the year ended 30 June 2008.
51
Business review (continued)
The organic movement calculations for volume, sales, net sales and operating profit for the year ended 30 June 2008 were as follows:
|
2007 Reported units |
Acquisitions and disposals units |
Organic movement units |
2008 Reported units |
Organic movement |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
million |
million |
million |
million |
% |
||||||
Volume |
|||||||||||
North America |
50.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 51.1 | 2 | ||||||
Europe |
40.9 | | 0.7 | 41.6 | 2 | ||||||
International |
37.3 | | 1.8 | 39.1 | 5 | ||||||
Asia Pacific |
12.9 | | 0.3 | 13.2 | 2 | ||||||
Total volume |
141.3 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 145.0 | 3 | ||||||
|
2007 Reported |
Exchange | Acquisitions, disposals and transfers |
Organic movement |
2008 Reported |
Organic movement |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
% |
|||||||
Sales |
|||||||||||||
North America |
2,915 | (91 | ) | | 141 | 2,965 | 5 | ||||||
Europe |
3,765 | 183 | | 98 | 4,046 | 2 | |||||||
International |
2,031 | 34 | 1 | 310 | 2,376 | 15 | |||||||
Asia Pacific |
1,131 | 33 | | 4 | 1,168 | ||||||||
Corporate |
75 | 1 | | 12 | 88 | 16 | |||||||
Total sales |
9,917 | 160 | 1 | 565 | 10,643 | 6 | |||||||
Net sales |
|||||||||||||
North America |
2,472 | (73 | ) | | 124 | 2,523 | 5 | ||||||
Europe |
2,427 | 128 | | 75 | 2,630 | 3 | |||||||
International |
1,667 | 37 | 1 | 266 | 1,971 | 16 | |||||||
Asia Pacific |
840 | 19 | | 18 | 877 | 2 | |||||||
Corporate |
75 | 1 | | 13 | 89 | 17 | |||||||
Total net sales |
7,481 | 112 | 1 | 496 | 8,090 | 7 | |||||||
Excise duties |
2,436 | 2,553 | |||||||||||
Total sales |
9,917 | 10,643 | |||||||||||
52
Business review (continued)
|
2007 Reported |
Exceptional items |
Exchange | Acquisitions, disposals and transfers |
Organic movement |
2008 Reported |
Organic movement |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
% |
||||||||
Operating profit |
|||||||||||||||
North America |
850 | | (27 | ) | 2 | 82 | 907 | 10 | |||||||
Europe |
723 | (78 | ) | 47 | 6 | 22 | 720 | 3 | |||||||
International |
499 | | 2 | (4 | ) | 96 | 593 | 19 | |||||||
Asia Pacific |
196 | | 2 | (4 | ) | (24 | ) | 170 | (12 | ) | |||||
Corporate |
(109 | ) | (40 | ) | (29 | ) | (2 | ) | 16 | (164 | ) | 9 | |||
Total |
2,159 | (118 | ) | (5 | ) | (2 | ) | 192 | 2,226 | 9 | |||||
Notes
53
Business review (continued)
Brand performance
|
Volume movement* |
Reported net sales movement |
Organic net sales movement |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
% |
% |
% |
||||
Global priority brands |
4 | 8 | 6 | ||||
Local priority brands |
2 | 10 | 4 | ||||
Category brands |
1 | 8 | 10 | ||||
Total |
3 | 8 | 7 | ||||
Key spirits brands:** |
|||||||
Smirnoff |
8 | 12 | 10 | ||||
Johnnie Walker |
5 | 14 | 12 | ||||
Captain Morgan |
8 | 10 | 13 | ||||
Baileys |
1 | 6 | 3 | ||||
JeB |
5 | 15 | 9 | ||||
José Cuervo |
(4 | ) | (5 | ) | (3 | ) | |
Tanqueray |
1 | 2 | 4 | ||||
Crown Royal North America |
5 | 5 | 9 | ||||
Buchanan's International |
(2 | ) | 15 | 5 | |||
Windsor Asia Pacific |
7 | (17 | ) | (12 | ) | ||
Guinness |
1 |
9 |
6 |
||||
Ready to drink |
(7 |
) |
(4 |
) |
(5 |
) |
|
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Analysis by business
|
Net sales | Operating profit/(loss) |
Net sales | Operating profit/(loss) |
|||||
|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
|||||
North America |
2,523 | 907 | 2,472 | 850 | |||||
Europe |
2,630 | 720 | 2,427 | 723 | |||||
International |
1,971 | 593 | 1,667 | 499 | |||||
Asia Pacific |
877 | 170 | 840 | 196 | |||||
Corporate |
89 | (164 | ) | 75 | (109 | ) | |||
|
8,090 | 2,226 | 7,481 | 2,159 | |||||
Net sales were £89 million in the year ended 30 June 2008, up £14 million from £75 million in the prior year. Net reported operating costs were £164 million, up from £149 million in the prior year. £29 million of this increase relates to exchange rate movements. Excluding this and the impact of transfers and acquisitions (£2 million increase in costs), net operating costs decreased £16 million.
54
Business review (continued)
Key highlights
Key measures
|
2008 |
2007 |
Reported movement |
Organic movement |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
% |
% |
|||||||||
Volume |
2 | 2 | |||||||||||
Net sales |
2,523 | 2,472 | 2 | 5 | |||||||||
Marketing spend |
366 | 364 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||
Operating profit |
907 | 850 | 7 | 10 |
Reported performance Net sales were £2,523 million in the year ended 30 June 2008, up by £51 million from £2,472 million in the prior year. Reported operating profit increased by £57 million to £907 million in the year ended 30 June 2008.
Organic performance The weighted average exchange rate used to translate US dollar sales and profit moved from £1 = $1.93 in the year ended 30 June 2007 to £1 = $2.01 in the year ended 30 June 2008. Exchange rate impacts decreased net sales by £73 million. Acquisitions increased net sales by £6 million, the loss of distribution rights for certain champagne brands decreased net sales by £6 million and there was an organic increase of £124 million. Exchange rate impacts reduced operating profit by £27 million and transfers of costs between regions increased operating profit by £4 million. Acquisitions and the loss of distribution rights for certain champagne brands decreased operating profit by £2 million and there was an organic increase in operating profit of £82 million.
Overall volume growth was driven by the priority brands. Price increases on 40% of spirits volume in the United States drove net sales growth despite negative mix within the global priority brands due to the strong growth of Smirnoff and Captain Morgan. The continued challenges in the ready to drink segment reduced overall volume growth by 1 percentage point and net sales growth by 2 percentage points. Marketing spend grew 3% as investment was realigned behind the priority and reserve brands and away from ready to drink. Marketing excluding ready to drink grew 5%. Diageo grew share on the majority of its priority spirits and wine brands. Loss of share in the value brands resulted in overall share of US spirits being broadly maintained during the year at 28.3 percentage points, with share of priority spirits brands up 0.3 percentage points.
In Canada share gains of 1.0 percentage points were delivered in the spirits category. Volume grew 6% driven by the global priority brands and net sales were up 9% as price increases were implemented.
Smirnoff continued its strong performance from the first half and grew volume 8%. Price increases were taken in key markets driving net sales growth of 12% and share grew 0.2 percentage points.
55
Business review (continued)
Growth of Smirnoff Red was driven by two successful advertising campaigns, the 'Diamonds' programme and 'Vladimir's Journey', which reinforced the quality image of the brand and its heritage. Smirnoff flavours were driven by the launch of three new flavours (Blueberry, Passion Fruit and White Grape) and the 'Simple Drinks' campaign, which taught consumers simple ways of making drinks at home with flavoured vodka.
Johnnie Walker also grew ahead of the category with volume up 5% and net sales up 10% driven by Johnnie Walker Black Label and the super deluxe labels, leading to share growth of 1.2 percentage points. Price increases were taken across the Johnnie Walker range. Expansion of the Johnnie Walker Blue Label bottle engraving programme and the distribution of Johnnie Walker Blue Label King George V drove growth of the super deluxe labels and improved mix.
Captain Morgan volume was up 7% and net sales were up 12% driven by Captain Morgan Original Spiced rum which gained a further 0.6 percentage points of share despite the launch of two competitor brands in the rum category. Successful marketing campaigns around holidays and the 'Pose-off' contest continued to build this iconic brand.
Brand performance
|
Volume movement |
Reported net sales movement |
Organic net sales movement |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
% |
% |
% |
|||||||
Global priority brands |
2 | | 3 | |||||||
Local priority brands |
3 | 5 | 8 | |||||||
Category brands |
1 | 6 | 10 | |||||||
Total |
2 | 2 | 5 | |||||||
Key brands:* |
||||||||||
Smirnoff |
8 | 9 | 12 | |||||||
Johnnie Walker |
5 | 6 | 10 | |||||||
Captain Morgan |
7 | 9 | 12 | |||||||
Baileys |
(6 | ) | (5 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||
José Cuervo |
(5 | ) | (7 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||
Tanqueray |
| (1 | ) | 3 | ||||||
Crown Royal |
5 | 5 | 9 | |||||||
Guinness |
5 | 4 | 7 | |||||||
Ready to drink |
(13 | ) | (13 | ) | (10 | ) |
The overall Baileys results were constrained by lower volume in Baileys flavours, which lapped the launch in fiscal 2007. Baileys Original Irish Cream outperformed the category with volume up 3% and net sales up 7% as price increases were taken across most of its markets. Strong year round marketing support of the brand along with summer programming for Baileys 'Shiver' helped drive the growth.
The release of José Cuervo Platino in the first half of 2008 to good consumer response is one of the ways José Cuervo is positioning itself in an increasingly premiumising category. José Cuervo Especial experienced heavy pricing competition and volume decreased 5% as the José Cuervo brand maintained price and in some states increased it, to support the premiumisation of the brand. Marketing spend on José Cuervo was weighted toward the summer season and promoted the mixability of the brand.
56
Business review (continued)
Tanqueray again outperformed a declining gin category, gaining 1.6 percentage points of share driven by the continued growth of Tanqueray Rangpur.
Crown Royal continued to take share in the North American whiskey category, up 0.4 percentage points. Volume grew 5% and price increases drove net sales up 9%. Crown Royal Cask 16, launched in October 2007, helped to drive mix. The brand was supported by two off trade promotions, the 'Legend of the Purple Bag' and 'I'd Rather Be' as well as its continued sponsorship of NASCAR.
Guinness showed good growth against the import segment which was broadly flat, with volumes up 5% driven by keg sales and Guinness Extra Stout. Net sales grew 7% as price increases were implemented. The brand was supported by a new advertising campaign, 'Guinness Alive Inside'.
The local priority brands grew volume 3% and net sales were up 8%, benefiting from price increases and mix improvement from the higher margin spirits brands. Crown Royal led this performance. Buchanan's volume was up 18% and net sales up 24% and Seagram's 7 Crown and Seagram's VO grew net sales 4% and 1%, respectively, on flat volumes. Local priority wines grew volume 6% and net sales were up 8%, driven by strong performance of Sterling Vineyards and Chalone Vineyard and price/mix improvement in Beaulieu Vineyard.
Within the category brands, mix improvement was driven by strong growth of Don Julio volume up 19% and net sales up 22%, the Classic Malts volume up 14% and net sales up 19%, Bushmills volume up 13% and net sales up 16% and Cîroc volume up 89% and net sales up 90% on strong marketing and distribution gains. Successful marketing of Smithwick's Irish heritage delivered strong growth albeit off a low base with volume up 19% and net sales up 20% following national price increases. This offset net sales declines among the value brands such as Gordon's vodka, net sales down 10% and Gordon's Gin, down 1%.
The ready to drink segment continued to decline with volume down 13% and net sales down 10%. This was driven by progressive adult beverages, led by the decline of Smirnoff Ice. Smirnoff Ice Light, Smirnoff Ice Strawberry Acai and Captain Morgan Parrot Bay Mojito were introduced in the second half of the year to help refresh the segment. The decline in progressive adult beverages was partially offset by the successful launch of the Smirnoff cocktail line. Consequently marketing spend was reduced on progressive adult beverages and support provided to the spirit based cocktails.
On 9 June 2008, Diageo completed the acquisition of a 50% equity stake in the newly formed company Ketel One Worldwide BV, which holds the exclusive and perpetual rights to market, sell and distribute Ketel One vodka products.
Key highlights
57
Business review (continued)
Key measures
|
2008 |
2007 |
Reported movement |
Organic movement |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
% |
% |
|||||||||
Volume |
2 | 2 | |||||||||||
Net sales |
2,630 | 2,427 | 8 | 3 | |||||||||
Marketing spend |
438 | 391 | 12 | 6 | |||||||||
Operating profit before exceptional items |
798 | 723 | 10 | 3 | |||||||||
Operating profit |
720 | 723 | | 3 |
Reported performance Net sales were £2,630 million in the year ended 30 June 2008, up by £203 million from £2,427 million in the prior year. Reported operating profit decreased by £3 million to £720 million in the year ended 30 June 2008. Exceptional costs of £78 million in respect of restructuring costs for the Irish brewing operations are included within operating expenses in the year ended 30 June 2008. Reported operating profit excluding exceptional items increased by £75 million to £798 million in the year ended 30 June 2008.
Organic performance The weighted average exchange rate used to translate euro sales and profit moved from £1 = €1.48 in the year ended 30 June 2007 to £1 = €1.36 in the year ended 30 June 2008. Exchange rate impacts increased net sales by £128 million. Acquisitions increased net sales by £1 million, transfers between regions decreased net sales by £1 million and there was an organic increase of £75 million. Exchange rate impacts increased operating profit by £47 million. Transfers of costs between regions increased operating profit by £6 million, exceptional costs decreased operating profit by £78 million and there was an organic increase in operating profit of £22 million.
Strong volume growth in Great Britain, driven by Smirnoff and Baileys, and in Eastern Europe and Russia, was partially offset by continued volume weakness in Iberia. Price increases across Europe, combined with focus on the premium spirits brands, offset negative market mix from the rapid growth in Eastern Europe and resulted in net sales up 3%.
Global priority brands were the key growth driver with volume up 3% and net sales up 4%. Johnnie Walker was the main contributor with double-digit net sales growth. JeB, Smirnoff and Baileys also performed strongly and Guinness continued its positive performance from the first half, delivering net sales growth for the full year.
Smirnoff volume was up 6% and net sales were up 5%. This performance was driven by Great Britain where new advertising campaigns and a successful Christmas trading period drove volume up 10%. Net sales were up 8% as a simplified promotional strategy led to higher volume but an increased percentage of that volume being sold on promotion. Within mainland Europe, negative market mix generated by the growth of Smirnoff Vladimir in Poland was partially offset by price increases and the growth of Smirnoff Black as it was seeded across a number of markets.
Johnnie Walker volume was up 6%, driven by growth in Eastern Europe and Russia, both of which were up over 30%, albeit off a small base. Consistent advertising has increased awareness and the status of the brand in these markets. This growth was partially offset by declines in Iberia and Greece.
58
Business review (continued)
Net sales were up 11% as a result of price increases and mix improvement as investment focused on Johnnie Walker Black Label and Johnnie Walker super deluxe labels.
Brand performance
|
Volume movement |
Reported net sales movement |
Organic net sales movement |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
% |
% |
% |
|||||||
Global priority brands |
3 | 10 | 4 | |||||||
Local priority brands |
(3 | ) | 3 | (2 | ) | |||||
Category brands |
| 9 | 4 | |||||||
Total |
2 | 8 | 3 | |||||||
Key brands:* |
||||||||||
Smirnoff |
6 | 9 | 5 | |||||||
Johnnie Walker |
6 | 19 | 11 | |||||||
Baileys |
4 | 11 | 4 | |||||||
JeB |
1 | 14 | 6 | |||||||
Guinness |
| 7 | 3 | |||||||
Ready to drink |
(11 | ) | (10 | ) | (13 | ) |
Baileys returned to growth in Great Britain and delivered strong growth in Russia, resulting in overall volume and net sales up 4%. In Great Britain a return to advertising on television and a revised promotional strategy at Christmas drove the brand back to growth. In Russia Baileys continued to demonstrate great potential with net sales growth of 37%, albeit off a small base. In mainland Europe net sales were flat as the brand lapped the Baileys flavours launch in the prior year.
JeB returned to growth in Europe supported by the 'Start a Party' advertising campaign and expansion across mainland Europe. In Iberia category volume declines worsened, however JeB delivered net sales growth and share gains as further price increases were implemented. Within mainland Europe, France and Eastern Europe were the main growth drivers. In France a price increase was implemented and JeB gained share. In Romania and Bulgaria, the brand's biggest markets in Eastern Europe, the 'Start a Party' campaign has delivered strong growth.
Guinness volume was flat and net sales were up 3% as the brand continued to outperform the beer categories in both Ireland and Great Britain. This was the result of new advertising campaigns, focus on quality and the cooler summer of 2007. In Ireland net sales were up 2% and share gains were made in both the on and off trade, driving an overall share gain for Diageo Ireland in the beer category. In Great Britain the beer category worsened in the second half. However, Guinness net sales were up 2% as it continued to outperform the category, particularly in the on trade where it recorded its highest ever share. Volume was up 3% in the rest of Europe as a result of growth across a number of markets which, combined with price increases, led to net sales up 6%.
Local priority brand volume was down 3% and net sales were down 2%. This was driven by beer in Ireland and Cacique in Spain. Local beer brands in Ireland declined, impacted by the continued decline of the beer category in the on trade and the decision to reduce the volume sold on promotion in the off trade. Carlsberg, however, delivered net sales growth as a result of distribution gains and a new advertising campaign and gained share. In Spain lower volumes of Cacique were partially offset by price increases.
59
Business review (continued)
Category brands delivered price/mix improvement with volume flat and net sales up 4%, as a result of price increases on category scotch brands and the strategy to drive net sales from wine through a change in promotional strategy and mix improvement.
Ready to drink continued to decline, driven by Smirnoff Ice in Great Britain. The segment accounted for less than 5% of net sales in the region for the year ended 30 June 2008.
Key highlights
Key measures
|
2008 | 2007 | Reported movement |
Organic movement |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
% |
% |
|||||||||
Volume |
5 | 5 | |||||||||||
Net sales |
1,971 | 1,667 | 18 | 16 | |||||||||
Marketing spend |
244 | 208 | 17 | 16 | |||||||||
Operating profit |
593 | 499 | 19 | 19 |
Reported performance Net sales were £1,971 million in the year ended 30 June 2008, up £304 million from £1,667 million in the prior year. Reported operating profit increased by £94 million from £499 million to £593 million in the year ended 30 June 2008.
Organic performance Exchange rate impacts increased net sales by £37 million. Transfers between regions increased net sales by £1 million and there was an organic increase in net sales of £266 million. Exchange rate impacts increased operating profit by £2 million and transfers of costs between regions reduced operating profit by £5 million. Acquisitions increased operating profit by £1 million and there was an organic increase in operating profit of £96 million.
Across global priority, local priority and category brands, net sales growth outpaced volume growth driven by price increases. Global priority brands are the drivers of the International business and net sales were up 15%, with Johnnie Walker, Guinness and Smirnoff the main contributors.
Smirnoff volume grew 7%, driven mostly by Brazil and South Africa where successful marketing campaigns led to further share gains. Price increases in key markets led to strong price/mix improvement, resulting in 15% net sales growth.
Johnnie Walker delivered 8% volume growth, mostly driven by South Africa, Mexico and Global Travel and Middle East, fuelled by strong trade support and successful advertising. Net sales increased by 18% as a result of price increases implemented across the region and stronger growth in more
60
Business review (continued)
profitable channels in Latin America and of higher margin brands in Africa and Global Travel and Middle East.
Baileys volume grew 1% and net sales were up 6%, driven by premium priced gift packs combined with brand promotion in Global Travel and the launch of Baileys flavours in Mexico and Central America.
Buchanan's is the key local priority brand in International. Buchanan's strategy was to increase price in all key markets and this impacted volume while increasing net sales. Volume decreased 2% while improved price/mix drove net sales growth of 5%. The main growth came from Mexico driven by strong on trade activities and successful media campaigns.
Guinness volume increased 2%, with strong growth coming from Cameroon and East Africa driven by the 'Guinness Greatness' campaign and economic expansion. Net sales for the region were up 13% as a result of price increases and a benefit from changes in excise duty in some markets.
Increased focus on the 'Start a Party' campaign for JeB led to strong growth with volume up 13% and net sales up 21%. The key markets were Mexico, South Africa and Global Travel and Middle East, where price increases drove net sales growth.
Brand performance
|
Volume movement |
Reported net sales movement |
Organic net sales movement |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
% |
% |
% |
|||||||
Global priority brands |
6 | 17 | 15 | |||||||
Local priority brands |
4 | 20 | 15 | |||||||
Category brands |
4 | 19 | 17 | |||||||
Total |
5 | 18 | 16 | |||||||
Key brands:* |
||||||||||
Smirnoff |
7 | 18 | 15 | |||||||
Johnnie Walker |
8 | 21 | 18 | |||||||
Baileys |
1 | 9 | 6 | |||||||
Buchanan's |
(2 | ) | 15 | 5 | ||||||
Guinness |
2 | 15 | 13 | |||||||
Ready to drink |
3 | 12 | 13 |
Local priority brands delivered 4% volume growth and 15% net sales growth, mostly driven by improved price/mix across Buchanan's and beer. Tusker and Pilsner continued to show double-digit net sales growth, driven by price increases and wider availability. As a result of successful marketing campaigns and the development of the off trade in key markets Nigeria and Ghana, Malta Guinness also showed double-digit net sales growth.
Category brands volume increased 4% and net sales increased 17%. Volume growth was driven by double-digit growth of beer brands in Africa. Significant price increases on value and standard scotch brands in Latin America resulted in volume decline, but strong price/mix improvement drove net sales growth.
Ready to drink volume grew 3%, mainly driven by Smirnoff ready to drink brands, in particular the introduction of new flavours in Brazil and the continued success of Smirnoff Ice in Brazil and
61
Business review (continued)
Nigeria and Smirnoff ready to drink in South Africa. Net sales grew 13% mainly as a result of price increases in South Africa, Venezuela and Brazil.
In Diageo's major African markets net sales growth was in double-digits, with the main growth coming from East Africa, Nigeria and South Africa, where net sales were up 23%, 14% and 20%, respectively.
In East Africa net sales growth was driven by strategic price increases in the key market of Kenya, significantly improving price/mix, and effective marketing on Guinness and Tusker increasing visibility and driving volume growth.
In South Africa Diageo's scotch brands and Smirnoff benefited from price increases and, supported by successful marketing campaigns, continued to outperform the category. The introduction of Foundry cider contributed to growth and gave access to a profitable and growing cider category.
In Ghana net sales grew 32%, driven by price increases across all brands. The largest volume growth came from lagers, malt and stout, as a result of successful marketing investments and expansion in the off trade. In Nigeria net sales increased 14%, driven by a re-launch of Malta Guinness and price increases across all brands. Net sales growth was 9% in Cameroon, as a result of price increases on main brands combined with an improved route to market.
Latin America delivered double-digit net sales growth, with main growth coming from Mexico and Brazil as a result of price increases in key brands and strong marketing campaigns.
In Venezuela and Mexico prices were increased across brands. In Venezuela volume was down 14% as price increases were implemented as a result of the economic situation, however net sales were up 4% as a result of improved price/mix and strong performance in rum. Mexico's volume grew 26% as a result of continued scotch category growth led by Diageo, combined with share gains. Mexico's net sales grew 31% driven by premiumisation and price increases.
Net sales grew 10% in the Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay hub with scotch and Smirnoff the key drivers. Successful marketing campaigns on scotch and Smirnoff combined with continued growth in the ready to drink segment led to volume increases. Increased prices and favourable channel and product mix improved price/mix driving net sales growth.
In Global Travel and Middle East, volume grew 2% and net sales grew 16%. Volume growth was driven by strong performance of scotch, especially Johnnie Walker Black Label and Johnnie Walker super deluxe labels, as a result of gift pack promotions and successful advertising campaigns. Strong price/mix improvements, driven by price increases combined with favourable mix on scotch, resulted in double-digit net sales growth.
Key highlights
62
Business review (continued)
Key measures
|
2008 | 2007 | Reported movement |
Organic movement |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
% |
% |
|||||||||
Volume |
2 | 2 | |||||||||||
Net sales |
877 | 840 | 4 | 2 | |||||||||
Marketing spend |
191 | 199 | (4 | ) | (6 | ) | |||||||
Operating profit |
170 | 196 | (13 | ) | (12 | ) |
Reported performance Net sales were £877 million in the year ended 30 June 2008, up £37 million from £840 million in the prior year. Reported operating profit decreased by £26 million from £196 million to £170 million in the year ended 30 June 2008.
Organic performance Exchange rate impacts increased net sales by £19 million and there was an organic increase in net sales of £18 million. Exchange rate impacts increased operating profit by £2 million and transfers between regions decreased operating profit by £4 million. There was an organic decrease in operating profit of £24 million.
Following the loss of Diageo's import licence in Korea, the route to market was through a third party distributor for part of the year. There was a reduction in net sales per case, marketing spend and operating profit in Korea and this had a significant impact on the overall performance of Asia Pacific for the year. Excluding Korea net sales increased 5% and marketing increased 4%. In addition, overheads increased to support the future performance in the region with the establishment of in market companies in China and Vietnam, increased resources behind the Indian domestic route to market and the creation of the distribution hub in Singapore.
Smirnoff grew volume 20% and net sales 29%. This performance was driven by double-digit volume and net sales growth in India, Australia and Thailand. The focus on Smirnoff flavours in India and Smirnoff Black and flavours in Australia drove the overall price/mix improvement. A significant increase in marketing spend fuelled performance in Thailand. The brand grew share in all these markets.
Johnnie Walker volume was marginally down, with volume decline in India as a result of the closure of the duty free channel which was only partially offset by the growth of sales in the domestic channel, in Australia where net sales grew as a result of significant price increases and in Taiwan where the scotch category declined but Johnnie Walker gained share. In China Johnnie Walker grew volume 7% in the second half. Therefore volume was flat for the year, recovering from the 8% decline in the first half. Full year net sales increased 4%, following a 10% decline in the first half. Consumer demand continued to strengthen and Johnnie Walker gained an estimated 3 percentage points of volume share in the growing deluxe scotch segment in China. In Thailand Johnnie Walker grew net sales 5% and
63
Business review (continued)
Diageo remained the market leader in both premium and deluxe scotch. Across the region net sales grew 4% on the back of price increases. Marketing spend was broadly in line with last year.
Brand performance
|
Volume movement |
Reported net sales movement |
Organic net sales movement |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
% |
% |
% |
|||||||
Global priority brands |
4 | 9 | 6 | |||||||
Local priority brands |
4 | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | |||||
Category brands |
(4 | ) | 11 | 6 | ||||||
Total |
2 | 4 | 2 | |||||||
Key brands:* |
||||||||||
Smirnoff |
20 | 37 | 29 | |||||||
Johnnie Walker |
(1 | ) | 5 | 4 | ||||||
Windsor |
7 | (17 | ) | (12 | ) | |||||
Guinness |
1 | 6 | 6 | |||||||
Ready to drink |
(2 | ) | 8 | (1 | ) |
Windsor volume increased 7% whilst net sales were down 12% as a result of having to pay distributor margin in Korea for part of the year. Consistent marketing activity throughout the year extended Windsor's leading share within deluxe scotch by 1.1 percentage points in volume terms.
Guinness volume was up 1% and net sales up 6%, with increased distribution and successful consumer promotions driving strong double-digit net sales growth in Korea and with the expansion of the brand in China following a new distribution agreement, supported by significant marketing activity.
Overall performance of local priority brands was impacted by Korea, with volume up 4% but net sales down 7%. Excluding Korea volume was up 2% and net sales were up 3%. This was driven by Bundaberg in Australia, with volume up 5% and net sales up 6% as a result of strong sales of Bundaberg ready to drink prior to the significant increase in duty which was implemented at the end of April and, after this duty increase, an uplift in Bundaberg spirits sales. This was partially offset by declines in Old Parr and Dimple.
The volume of category brands in the region was down 4%, however net sales value grew 6% as a result of continued focus on improving profitability of scotch brands in Thailand where low value brands were discontinued. The growth of locally bottled scotch brands in India, together with the growth of bottled in India brands in other categories, enhanced Diageo's route to market there and offset much of the volume decline in category scotch brands. The growth of The Singleton malt whisky in Greater China further contributed to price/mix improvement.
The Australia ready to drink segment represents over 90% of ready to drink net sales in the region. Ready to drink brands in Australia performed strongly for the first 10 months of the year but slowed significantly following a 70% duty increase in April 2008, and for the full year volume declined 2% and net sales were down 1% for the region.
64
Business review (continued)
The following comments were made by Paul Walsh, chief executive of Diageo, in Diageo's preliminary announcement on 27 August 2009:
'While the global economy appears to be stabilising, there is still uncertainty as to the sustainability and pace of any recovery and the next financial year will be challenging, as we lap a strong first quarter and a reasonable first half performance this year. That being recognised, we expect to deliver low single digit organic operating profit growth in the year ending 30 June 2010.'
On 27 August 2009, Betsy D. Holden was appointed a non-executive director of Diageo plc with effect from 1 September 2009.
65
Business review (continued)
Liquidity and capital resources
Cash flow A summary of the cash flow and reconciliation to movement in net borrowings for the three years ended 30 June 2009 is as follows:
|
Year ended 30 June | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
|||||||
Profit for the year |
1,725 | 1,597 | 1,556 | |||||||
Discontinued operations |
(2 | ) | (26 | ) | (139 | ) | ||||
Taxation |
292 | 522 | 678 | |||||||
Share of associates' profits after tax |
(164 | ) | (177 | ) | (149 | ) | ||||
Net interest and other net finance income |
592 | 319 | 212 | |||||||
(Gains)/losses on disposal of businesses |
| (9 | ) | 1 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortisation |
276 | 233 | 210 | |||||||
Movements in working capital |
(282 | ) | (282 | ) | (180 | ) | ||||
Dividend income |
179 | 143 | 119 | |||||||
Other items |
10 | (15 | ) | (36 | ) | |||||
Cash generated from operations |
2,626 | 2,305 | 2,272 | |||||||
Interest received |
63 | 67 | 42 | |||||||
Interest paid |
(478 | ) | (387 | ) | (279 | ) | ||||
Dividends paid to equity minority interests |
(98 | ) | (56 | ) | (41 | ) | ||||
Taxation paid |
(522 | ) | (369 | ) | (368 | ) | ||||
Net cash from operating activities |
1,591 | 1,560 | 1,626 | |||||||
Net investment in property, plant and equipment |
(313 | ) | (262 | ) | (205 | ) | ||||
Net (purchase)/disposal of other investments |
(24 | ) | 4 | (6 | ) | |||||
Payment into escrow in respect of the UK pension fund |
(50 | ) | (50 | ) | (50 | ) | ||||
Free cash flow |
1,204 | 1,252 | 1,365 | |||||||
Disposal of businesses |
1 | 4 | 4 | |||||||
Purchase of businesses |
(102 | ) | (575 | ) | (70 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from issue of share capital |
| 1 | 1 | |||||||
Net purchase of own shares for share schemes |
(38 | ) | (78 | ) | (25 | ) | ||||
Own shares repurchased |
(354 | ) | (1,008 | ) | (1,405 | ) | ||||
Net increase in loans |
256 | 1,094 | 1,226 | |||||||
Equity dividends paid |
(870 | ) | (857 | ) | (858 | ) | ||||
Net increase/(decrease) in net cash and cash equivalents |
97 | (167 | ) | 238 | ||||||
Cash flows from loans (excluding overdrafts) |
(256 | ) | (1,094 | ) | (1,226 | ) | ||||
Exchange differences |
(784 | ) | (372 | ) | 211 | |||||
Finance leases acquired |
(15 | ) | | | ||||||
Other non-cash items |
(14 | ) | 31 | 14 | ||||||
Increase in net borrowings |
(972 | ) | (1,602 | ) | (763 | ) | ||||
The primary source of the group's liquidity over the last three financial years has been cash generated from operations. These funds have generally been used to pay interest, dividends and taxes, and to fund share repurchases, acquisitions and capital expenditure.
66
Business review (continued)
Free cash flow decreased by £48 million to £1,204 million in the year ended 30 June 2009. Cash generated from operations increased from £2,305 million to £2,626 million in the year ended 30 June 2009. This £321 million increase primarily arose from an increase of £217 million in operating profit, an increase of £30 million in the dividend received from Moët Hennessy and a decrease of £18 million in property profits (included in operating profit).
Tax payments were higher in the year ended 30 June 2009 than in the comparative year primarily as a result of settlements agreed with tax authorities in the year ended 30 June 2009.
In the year ended 30 June 2009, Diageo invested £102 million in business acquisitions (2008 £575 million) and purchased 38 million shares as part of the share buyback programme (2008 97 million shares) at a cost including fees of £354 million (2008 £1,008 million). Net payments to acquire shares for employee share schemes totalled £38 million (2008 £78 million). Equity dividends of £870 million were paid during the year (2008 £857 million).
Capital structure The group's management is committed to enhancing shareholder value, both by investing in the businesses and brands so as to improve the return on investment and by managing capital structure. Diageo manages its capital structure to achieve capital efficiency, maximise flexibility and give the appropriate level of access to debt markets at attractive cost levels.
Capital repayments During the year ended 30 June 2009, the company purchased 38 million ordinary shares for cancellation (2008 97 million for cancellation; 2007 120 million for cancellation and 21 million to be held as treasury shares) as part of its share buyback programme, for a total consideration of £354 million including expenses (2008 £1,008 million; 2007 £1,405 million). In addition, the company purchased 6 million ordinary shares to be held as treasury shares for hedging share scheme grants provided to employees during the year (2008 11 million; 2007 9 million) for a total consideration of £63 million (2008 £124 million; 2007 £82 million).
The group regularly assesses its debt and equity capital levels against its stated policy for capital structure. Share repurchases for cancellation were suspended during the year ended 30 June 2009 and remain suspended as at the date of this report.
The total number of shares purchased for settlement in each calendar month and the average price paid excluding expenses for the year ended 30 June 2009 were as follows:
Calendar month
|
Number of shares purchased(a) |
Average price paid pence |
Authorised purchases unutilised at month end |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 2008 |
14,730,000 | 893 | 176,751,218 | |||||||
August 2008 |
9,975,000 | 944 | 166,776,218 | |||||||
September 2008 |
11,370,946 | 995 | 155,405,272 | |||||||
October 2008 |
800,000 | 924 | 251,625,000 | |||||||
November 2008 |
4,265,000 | 919 | 247,360,000 | |||||||
December 2008 |
3,285,000 | 909 | 244,075,000 | |||||||
January to June 2009 |
| | 244,075,000 |
Notes
67
Business review (continued)
quotations for an ordinary share for the five preceding business days and (b) the higher of the price of the last independent trade and the highest current independent bid on the London Stock Exchange at the time the purchase is carried out. The expiration date for the programme was 15 October 2008.
Borrowings The group policy with regard to the expected maturity profile of borrowings of group financing companies is to limit the amount of such borrowings maturing within 12 months to 50% of gross borrowings less money market demand deposits, and the level of commercial paper to 30% of gross borrowings less money market demand deposits. In addition, it is group policy to maintain backstop facility terms from relationship banks to support commercial paper obligations.
The group's net borrowings and gross borrowings in the tables below are measured at amortised cost with the exception of borrowings designated in fair value relationships, interest rate hedging instruments and foreign currency swaps and forwards. For borrowings designated in fair value relationships, Diageo recognises a fair value adjustment to the risk being hedged in the balance sheet, whereas interest rate hedging instruments and foreign currency swaps and forwards are measured at fair value. Net borrowings, reported on this basis, comprise the following:
|
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
|||||||
Overdrafts |
(68 | ) | (31 | ) | (46 | ) | ||||
Other borrowings due within one year |
(822 | ) | (1,632 | ) | (1,489 | ) | ||||
Borrowings due within one year |
(890 | ) | (1,663 | ) | (1,535 | ) | ||||
Borrowings due between one and three years |
(1,537 | ) | (802 | ) | (1,209 | ) | ||||
Borrowings due between three and five years |
(2,747 | ) | (1,765 | ) | (1,206 | ) | ||||
Borrowings due after five years |
(3,401 | ) | (2,978 | ) | (1,717 | ) | ||||
Fair value of foreign currency swaps and forwards |
170 | 29 | (29 | ) | ||||||
Fair value of interest rate hedging instruments |
93 | 27 | (20 | ) | ||||||
Finance leases |
(21 | ) | (9 | ) | (14 | ) | ||||
Gross borrowings |
(8,333 | ) | (7,161 | ) | (5,730 | ) | ||||
Offset by: |
||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
914 | 714 | 885 | |||||||
Net borrowings |
(7,419 | ) | (6,447 | ) | (4,845 | ) | ||||
Based on average monthly net borrowings and interest charge, the effective interest rate for the year ended 30 June 2009 was 6.2% (2008 5.9%; 2007 5.5%). For this calculation, the interest charge excludes finance charges unrelated to net borrowings, the forward element on derivative financial instruments and fair value adjustments to borrowings.
Designated net borrowings in net investment hedge relationships amounted to £5,266 million as at 30 June 2009 (2008 £5,396 million; 2007 £4,624 million).
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Business review (continued)
The group's gross borrowings were denominated in the following currencies:
|
Total | US dollar | Sterling | Euro | Other | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
% |
% |
% |
% |
|||||||||||
Gross borrowings |
||||||||||||||||
2009 |
(8,333 | ) | 39 | 25 | 25 | 11 | ||||||||||
2008 |
(7,161 | ) | 38 | 17 | 33 | 12 | ||||||||||
2007 |
(5,730 | ) | 48 | 5 | 33 | 14 |
Cash and cash equivalents were denominated in the following currencies:
|
Total | US dollar | Sterling | Euro | Other | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
% |
% |
% |
% |
|||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
||||||||||||||||
2009 |
914 | 29 | 9 | 30 | 32 | |||||||||||
2008 |
714 | 21 | 13 | 16 | 50 | |||||||||||
2007 |
885 | 23 | 15 | 13 | 49 |
During the year ended 30 June 2009, the group borrowed $1,500 million (£909 million) in the form of a global bond that matures in January 2014 with a coupon of 7.375% and €1,000 million (£855 million) in the form of a global bond that matures in December 2014 with a coupon of 6.625%. A €500 million (£427 million) medium term note, a $400 million (£242 million) medium term note and a $250 million (£152 million) medium term note were repaid. During the year ended 30 June 2008, the group borrowed $750 million (£367 million) in the form of a global bond that matures in 2013, €1,150 million (£917 million) in the form of a euro bond that matures in 2013 and $1,250 million (£611 million) in the form of a global bond that matures in 2017. During the year ended 30 June 2007, the group borrowed $600 million (£298 million) in the form of a global bond that matures in 2012, $600 million (£298 million) in the form of a global bond that matures in 2016, $600 million (£298 million) in the form of a global bond that matures in 2036 and €750 million (£507 million) in the form of a floating rate euro bond that matures in 2012. The proceeds of all issuances have been used in the ongoing cash management and funding activities of the group.
When derivative transactions are undertaken with bank counterparties, Diageo may, where appropriate, enter into certain agreements with such bank counterparties whereby the parties agree to post cash collateral for the benefit of the other if the net valuations of the derivatives are above a pre-determined threshold. At 30 June 2009, the collateral received under these agreements amounted to $84 million (£51 million) (2008 $nil, £nil).
At 30 June 2009, the group had available undrawn US dollar denominated committed bank facilities of $3,480 million (£2,109 million) (2008 $3,230 million (£1,623 million); 2007 $3,230 million (£1,607 million)). Of the facilities, $400 million (£242 million) expire in May 2010, $1,080 million (£655 million) expire in May 2011, $1,350 million (£818 million) expire in May 2012 and $650 million (£394 million) expire in May 2013. Commitment fees are paid on the undrawn portion of these facilities. Borrowings under these facilities will be at prevailing LIBOR rates (dependent on the period of drawdown) plus an agreed margin. These facilities can be used for general corporate purposes and, together with cash and cash equivalents, support the group's commercial paper programmes. The committed bank facilities are subject to a single financial covenant, being a minimum interest cover ratio of two times (defined as the ratio of operating profit before exceptional items aggregated with share of associates' profits to net interest). They are also subject to pari passu ranking and negative pledge covenants.
69
Business review (continued)
Any non-compliance with covenants underlying Diageo's financing arrangements could, if not waived, constitute an event of default with respect to any such arrangements, and any non-compliance with covenants may, in particular circumstances, lead to an acceleration of maturity on certain notes and the inability to access committed facilities. Diageo was in full compliance with its financial, pari passu ranking and negative pledge covenants throughout each of the periods presented.
Capital commitments not provided for at 30 June 2009 were estimated at £202 million (2008 £130 million; 2007 £86 million). Diageo management believes that it has sufficient funding for its working capital requirements.
|
Payments due by period | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Less than 1 year |
1-3 years | 3-5 years | More than 5 years |
Total | |||||||||||
|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
|||||||||||
As at 30 June 2009 |
||||||||||||||||
Long term debt obligations |
752 | 1,492 | 2,723 | 3,370 | 8,337 | |||||||||||
Interest obligations |
503 | 838 | 703 | 1,317 | 3,361 | |||||||||||
Credit support obligations |
51 | | | | 51 | |||||||||||
Operating leases |
93 | 122 | 82 | 219 | 516 | |||||||||||
Purchase obligations |
922 | 705 | 509 | 52 | 2,188 | |||||||||||
Provisions and other non-current payables |
152 | 104 | 60 | 101 | 417 | |||||||||||
|
2,473 | 3,261 | 4,077 | 5,059 | 14,870 | |||||||||||
Long term debt obligations comprise the principal amount of borrowings (excluding foreign currency swaps) with an original maturity of greater than one year. Interest obligations comprise interest payable on these borrowings. Where interest payments are on a floating rate basis, it is assumed that rates will remain unchanged from the last business day of the year ended 30 June 2009 until maturity of the instruments. Credit support obligations represent liabilities to counterparty banks in respect of cash received as collateral under credit support agreements. Purchase obligations include various long term purchase contracts entered into for the supply of certain raw materials, principally bulk whisky, grapes, cans and glass bottles. The contracts are used to guarantee supply of raw materials over the long term and to enable more accurate predictions of future costs. Provisions and other non-current payables exclude £17 million in respect of vacant properties and £82 million for onerous contracts, which are included in operating leases and purchase obligations, respectively.
Potential income tax exposures included within corporate tax payable of £532 million (2008 £685 million) and deferred tax liabilities are not included in the table above, as the ultimate timing of settlement cannot be reasonably estimated.
Post employment benefit liabilities are also not included in the table above. The group makes service-based cash contributions to the Diageo pension scheme in the United Kingdom. In the year ending 30 June 2010, the contribution is expected to be £46 million. In addition, the group has agreed a deficit funding plan with the trustee of the UK Diageo Pension Scheme, which provides for the group to make a further payment of £50 million in the year to 30 June 2010 into an escrow account. The amount already held in escrow at 30 June 2009 is £144 million. It is anticipated that the escrow will be released to the trustee and invested into the Scheme during the year ending 30 June 2010. Funding arrangements are being reviewed and may be adjusted following agreement between Diageo and the
70
Business review (continued)
trustee, based on the results of the valuation as at 31 March 2009. Additionally, funding arrangements will be reviewed and adjusted in the light of future triennial actuarial valuations. Contributions to other plans in the year ending 30 June 2010 are expected to be approximately £125 million.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
In connection with the disposal of Pillsbury in October 2001, Diageo has guaranteed debt of International Multifoods Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of The JM Smucker Company as from 18 June 2004, to the amount of $200 million (£121 million), until November 2009. The directors are not aware of any instances of default by the borrower at present, but the ability of the borrower to continue to be in compliance with the guaranteed debt instrument, and in particular remaining current on payments of interest and repayments of principal, is significantly dependent on the current and future operations of the borrower and its affiliates. This guarantee is unrelated to the ongoing operations of the group's business.
Save as disclosed above, neither Diageo plc nor any member of the Diageo group has any off-balance sheet financing arrangements that currently have or are reasonably likely to have a material future effect on the group's financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditure or capital resources.
This section on risk management forms part of the audited financial statements.
The group's funding, liquidity and exposure to interest rate and foreign exchange rate risks are managed by the group's treasury department. The treasury department uses a combination of derivative and conventional financial instruments to manage these underlying risks.
Treasury operations are conducted within a framework of board-approved policies and guidelines, which are recommended and subsequently monitored by the finance committee. This committee is described in the corporate governance report. These policies and guidelines include benchmark exposure and/or hedge cover levels for key areas of treasury risk. The benchmarks, hedge cover and overall appropriateness of Diageo's risk management policies are reviewed by the board following, for example, significant business, strategic or accounting changes. The framework provides for limited defined levels of flexibility in execution to allow for the optimal application of the board-approved strategies. Transactions giving rise to exposures away from the defined benchmark levels arising on the application of this flexibility are separately monitored on a daily basis using value at risk analysis. These derivative financial instruments are carried at fair value and gains or losses are taken to the income statement as they arise. At 30 June 2009 gains and losses on these transactions were not material.
The finance committee receives monthly reports on the activities of the treasury department, including any exposures away from the defined benchmarks.
71
Business review (continued)
Currency risk The group publishes its consolidated financial statements in sterling and conducts business in many foreign currencies. As a result, it is subject to foreign currency exchange risk due to exchange rate movements, which will affect the group's transaction costs and the translation of the results and underlying net assets of its foreign operations. Where hedge accounting is applied, hedges are documented and tested for hedge effectiveness on an ongoing basis. Diageo expects hedges entered into to continue to be effective and therefore does not expect the impact of ineffectiveness on the income statement to be material.
Hedge of net investment in foreign operations The group hedges a substantial portion of its exposure to fluctuations on the translation into sterling of its foreign operations by designating net borrowings held in foreign currencies and by using foreign currency swaps and forwards. Where a liquid foreign exchange market exists, the group's policy approved by the board is to seek to hedge currency exposure on its net investment in foreign operations within the following percentage bands: 80% to 100% for US dollars, 80% to 100% for euros and 50% to 100% for other significant currencies.
Exchange differences arising on the retranslation of foreign currency borrowings (including foreign currency swaps and forwards), to the extent that they are in an effective hedge relationship, are recognised in the statement of recognised income and expense to match exchange differences on net investments in foreign operations. Exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings not in a hedge relationship and any ineffectiveness are taken to the income statement.
Transaction exposure hedging For currencies in which there is an active market, the group's policy approved by the board is to seek to hedge between 60% and 100% of forecast transactional foreign exchange rate risk, for up to a maximum of 21 months forward, using forward foreign currency exchange contracts with coverage levels increasing nearer to the forecast transaction date. The effective portion of the gain or loss on the hedge is recognised in the statement of recognised income and expense and recycled into the income statement at the same time as the underlying hedged transaction affects the income statement. Any ineffectiveness is taken to the income statement.
Hedge of foreign currency debt The group uses cross currency interest rate swaps to hedge the forward foreign currency risk associated with certain foreign currency denominated bonds. The effective portion of the gain or loss on the hedge is recognised in the statement of recognised income and expense and recycled into the income statement at the same time as the underlying hedged transaction affects the income statement. Any ineffectiveness is taken to the income statement.
Interest rate risk The group has an exposure to interest rate risk, arising principally on changes in US dollar, euro and sterling interest rates. To manage interest rate risk, the group manages its proportion of fixed to floating rate borrowings within limits approved by the board, primarily through issuing fixed and floating rate term debt and commercial paper, and by utilising interest rate derivatives. These practices serve to reduce the volatility of the group's reported financial performance. To facilitate operational efficiency and effective hedge accounting, the group's policy is to maintain fixed rate borrowings within a band of 40% to 60% of projected net borrowings, and the overall net borrowings portfolio is managed according to a duration measure. The board approved template specifies different duration guidelines and fixed/floating amortisation periods (time taken for the fixed element of debt to reduce to zero) depending on different interest rate environments. The majority of Diageo's existing interest rate hedges are designated as hedges. Designated hedges are expected to be effective.
Liquidity risk Liquidity risk is the risk that an entity will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or other financial assets. The group's policy with regard to the expected maturity profile of borrowings of group financing companies
72
Business review (continued)
is to limit the amount of such borrowings maturing within 12 months to 50% of gross borrowings less money market demand deposits, and the level of commercial paper to 30% of gross borrowings less money market demand deposits. In addition, it is group policy to maintain backstop facility terms from relationship banks to support commercial paper obligations.
Credit risk Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the group. Credit risk arises from cash balances (including bank deposits and cash and cash equivalents), fixed income and money market investments and derivative financial instruments, as well as credit exposures to customers, including outstanding receivables, financial guarantees and committed transactions. Credit risk is managed on a group basis separately for financial and business related credit exposures.
Financial credit risk Diageo minimises its financial credit risk through the application of risk management policies approved and monitored by the board. Counterparties are limited to major banks and financial institutions, and the board defined policy restricts the exposure to any one counterparty bank by setting credit limits taking into account the credit quality of the counterparty bank as defined by Moody's, Standard and Poor's or Fitch. The board also defines the types of financial instruments which may be transacted. The group policy ensures that individual counterparty limits are adhered to and that there are no significant concentrations of credit risk. Financial instruments are only transacted with major international financial institutions with a long term credit rating within the A band or better. The credit risk arising through the use of financial instruments for interest rate and foreign exchange management is estimated with reference to the fair value of contracts with a positive value, rather than the notional amount of the instruments themselves.
When derivative transactions are undertaken with bank counterparties, Diageo may, where appropriate, enter into certain agreements with such bank counterparties whereby the parties agree to post cash collateral for the benefit of the other if the net valuations of the derivatives are above a pre-determined threshold.
During the year ended 30 June 2009, Diageo reviewed the credit limits applied and continued to monitor the counterparties' credit quality in response to market credit conditions.
Business related credit risk Trade and other receivables exposures are managed locally in the operating units where they arise and credit limits are set as deemed appropriate for the customer. There is no concentration of credit risk with respect to trade and other receivables as the group has a large number of customers which are internationally dispersed.
The maximum credit risk exposure of the group's financial assets as at 30 June 2009 and 30 June 2008 was as follows:
|
2009 | 2008 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
|||||
Derivative financial assets |
240 | 70 | |||||
Other investments |
231 | 168 | |||||
Trade and other receivables |
1,755 | 1,941 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
914 | 714 | |||||
Total |
3,140 | 2,893 | |||||
Commodity price risk The group uses long term purchase and commodity futures contracts to hedge against price risk in certain commodities. Long term purchase contracts are used to secure prices with
73
Business review (continued)
suppliers to protect against volatility in commodity prices. All commodity futures contracts hedge a projected future purchase of raw material. Commodity futures contracts are held in the balance sheet at fair value. To the extent that they are considered an effective hedge, the fair value movements are recognised in the statement of recognised income and expense and recycled into the income statement at the same time as the underlying hedged transaction affects the income statement.
Realised net losses recognised in the income statement in the year ended 30 June 2009 were £5 million (2008 £4 million gains). There were no open deals on the balance sheet at 30 June 2009 (2008 £nil) as all commodity futures contracts had been sold before that date.
Insurance The group purchases insurance for commercial or, where required, for legal or contractual reasons. In addition, the group retains insurable risk where external insurance is not considered an economic means of mitigating these risks.
Market risk sensitivity analysis
This section on market risk sensitivity analysis forms part of the audited financial statements.
The group has used a sensitivity analysis technique that measures the estimated impacts on the income statement and on equity of either an instantaneous increase or decrease of 1% (100 basis points) in market interest rates or a 10% strengthening or weakening in sterling against all other currencies, from the rates applicable at 30 June 2009, for each class of financial instrument with all other variables remaining constant. The sensitivity analysis excludes the impact of market risks on net post employment benefit obligations and taxation. This analysis is for illustrative purposes only, as in practice interest and foreign exchange rates rarely change in isolation.
The sensitivity analysis is based on the following:
The amounts generated from the sensitivity analysis are estimates of the impact of market risk assuming that specified changes occur. Actual results in the future may differ materially from these results due to developments in the global financial markets which may cause fluctuations in interest and exchange rates to vary from the hypothetical amounts disclosed in the following table, which therefore should not be considered a projection of likely future events and losses.
As at 30 June 2009 and 30 June 2008, hypothetical changes in other risk variables would not significantly affect the fair value of financial instruments at those dates.
74
Business review (continued)
|
1% decrease in interest rates |
1% increase in interest rates |
10% weakening in sterling |
10% strengthening in sterling |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
£ million |
|||||||||
At 30 June 2009 |
|||||||||||||
Impact on income statement: gain/(loss) |
33 | (39 | ) | (38 | ) | 31 | |||||||
Impact on equity: gain/(loss)(a) |
30 | (31 | ) | (834 | ) | 682 | |||||||
At 30 June 2008 |
|||||||||||||
Impact on income statement: gain/(loss) |
24 | (24 | ) | (31 | ) | 25 | |||||||
Impact on equity: gain/(loss)(a) |
24 | (24 | ) | (727 | ) | 595 |
The above analysis considers the impact of all financial instruments including financial derivatives, cash and cash equivalents, borrowings and other financial assets and liabilities.
This section on critical accounting policies forms part of the audited financial statements.
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS. Diageo's accounting policies are set out in the notes to the consolidated financial statements in this annual report. In applying these policies the directors are required to make estimates and subjective judgements that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and reported profit for the year. The directors base these on a combination of past experience and any other evidence that is relevant to the particular circumstance. The actual outcome could differ from those estimates. Of Diageo's accounting policies, the directors consider that policies in relation to the following areas are particularly subject to estimates and the exercise of judgement.
Brands, goodwill and other intangibles Acquired intangible assets are held on the consolidated balance sheet at cost. Where these assets are regarded as having indefinite useful economic lives, they are not amortised. Assessment of the useful economic life of an asset, or that an asset has an indefinite life, requires management judgement.
Impairment reviews are carried out to ensure that intangible assets, including brands, are not carried at above their recoverable amounts. In particular, the group performs a discounted cash flow analysis at least annually to compare discounted estimated future operating cash flows to the net carrying value of each acquired brand. The analysis is based on forecast cash flows with terminal values being calculated using the long term growth rate (the real GDP growth rate of the country plus its inflation rate) of the principal countries in which the majority of the profits of each brand are generated. The estimated cash flows are discounted at the group's weighted average cost of capital in the relevant country.
In assessing whether goodwill is carried at above its recoverable amount, a discounted cash flow analysis is performed annually to compare the discounted estimated future operating cash flows of cash generating units of the group to the net assets attributable to the cash generating units including goodwill. The discounted cash flow review is consistent with the brand review in its use of estimated
75
Business review (continued)
future operating cash flows, weighted average cost of capital for the cash generating unit concerned and long term growth rates.
The tests are dependent on management's estimates and judgements, in particular in relation to the forecasting of future cash flows, the discount rates applied to those cash flows and the expected long term growth rates. Such estimates and judgements are subject to change as a result of changing economic conditions. Management attempts to make the most appropriate estimates, but actual cash flows and rates may be different.
For some recently acquired intangible assets, there is limited headroom as the recoverable amount has been affected in the short term by the slowdown in the worlwide economy. For the Ketel One vodka worldwide distribution rights, acquired on 9 June 2008, a negative change in the assumptions used to calculate the recoverable amount would result in an impairment charge. A 1% increase in the discount rate, a 1% decrease in the long term growth rate or a 5% decrease in forecast annual cash flows would result in an impairment charge of £105 million, £65 million or £44 million, respectively.
Post employment benefits Diageo accounts for post employment benefits in accordance with IAS 19 Employee benefits. Application of IAS 19 requires the exercise of judgement in relation to various assumptions including future pay rises in excess of inflation, employee and pensioner demographics and the future expected returns on assets.
Diageo determines the assumptions to be adopted in discussion with its actuaries, and believes these assumptions to be in line with UK practice generally, but the application of different assumptions could have a significant effect on the amounts reflected in the income statement, statement of recognised income and expense and balance sheet in respect of post employment benefits. The assumptions vary among the countries in which the group operates, and there may be an interdependency between some of the assumptions. The major assumptions used by the group for the three years ended 30 June 2009 are set out in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements. It would be impracticable to give the impact of the effect of changes in all of the assumptions used to calculate the post employment charges in the income statement, statement of recognised income and expense and balance sheet, but the following disclosures are provided to assist the reader in assessing the impact of changes in the more critical assumptions.
The finance income and charges included in the income statement for post employment benefits are partly calculated by assuming an estimated rate of return on the assets held by the post employment plans. For the year ended 30 June 2009, this was based on the assumption that equities would outperform fixed interest government bonds by four percentage points. A one percentage point increase in this assumption would have increased profit before taxation by approximately £48 million.
The rates used to discount the liabilities of the post employment plans are determined by using rates of return on high quality corporate bonds of appropriate currency and term. A half a percentage point increase in the discount rate assumption used to determine the income statement charge in the year ended 30 June 2009 would have increased profit before taxation by approximately £9 million. A half a percentage point increase in the discount rate assumption used to determine the post employment liability at 30 June 2009 would have decreased the liabilities before tax by approximately £421 million.
The net liability for post employment benefits is partly determined by the fair value at the end of the year of the assets owned by the post employment plans. A 10% movement in worldwide equity values would increase/decrease the net post employment liability before tax at 30 June 2009 by approximately £210 million.
76
Business review (continued)
The mortality assumptions used in the UK plan were reassessed in 2006 and are based on the mortality experience of the plan to 31 March 2009 and allow for future improvements in life expectancy. For example, it is assumed that members who retire in 2029 at age 65 will live on average for a further 23 years if they are male and for a further 24 years if they are female. If assumed life expectancies had been one year greater, the charge to profit before taxation would have increased by approximately £13 million and the net post employment liability before tax would have increased by approximately £186 million.
Exceptional items These are items which, in management's judgement, need to be disclosed by virtue of their size or incidence in order for the user to obtain a proper understanding of the financial information. The determination of which items are separately disclosed as exceptional items requires a significant degree of judgement.
Taxation The group is required to estimate the corporate tax in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This requires an estimation of the current tax liability together with an assessment of the temporary differences which arise as a consequence of different accounting and tax treatments. These temporary differences result in deferred tax assets or liabilities which are included within the balance sheet. Deferred tax assets are not recognised where it is more likely than not that the asset will not be realised in the future. This evaluation requires judgements to be made including the forecast of future taxable income.
Tax benefits are not recognised unless it is probable that the tax positions are sustainable. Once considered to be probable, management reviews each material tax benefit to assess whether a provision should be taken against full recognition of the benefit on the basis of potential settlement through negotiation and/or litigation.
The group operates in many countries in the world and is subject to many tax jurisdictions and rules. As a consequence the group is subject to tax audits, which by their nature are often complex and can require several years to conclude. Management judgement is required to determine the total provision for income tax. Amounts accrued are based on management's interpretation of country specific tax law and the likelihood of settlement. However the actual tax liabilities could differ from the provision and in such event the group would be required to make an adjustment in a subsequent period which could have a material impact on the group's profit and loss and/or cash position.
A number of IFRS standards and interpretations have been issued by the IASB or IFRIC. Those that are of relevance to the group are discussed in note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
77
Directors and senior management
|
Age | Nationality | Position (committees) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Directors | |||||||
Dr Franz B Humer | 63 | Swiss/Austrian | Chairman, non-executive director(3)* | ||||
Paul S Walsh | 54 | British | Chief executive, executive director(2)* | ||||
Nicholas C Rose | 51 | British | Chief financial officer, executive director(2) | ||||
Lord Hollick of Notting Hill | 64 | British | Senior non-executive director(1)(3)(4)* | ||||
Peggy B Bruzelius | 59 | Swedish | Non-executive director(1)(3)(4) | ||||
Laurence M Danon | 53 | French | Non-executive director(1)(3)(4) | ||||
Betsy D Holden | 53 | American | Non-executive director(1)(3)(4) | ||||
Maria Lilja | 65 | Swedish | Non-executive director(1)(3)(4) | ||||
Philip G Scott | 55 | British | Non-executive director(1)*(3)(4) | ||||
H Todd Stitzer | 57 | American | Non-executive director(1)(3)(4) | ||||
Paul A Walker | 52 | British | Non-executive director(1)(3)(4) | ||||
Senior management |
|||||||
Ronald Anderson | 53 | British | Chief customer officer(2) | ||||
Nicholas B Blazquez | 48 | British | Managing director, Diageo Africa(2) | ||||
Andrew Fennell | 42 | British | Chief marketing officer(2) | ||||
Stuart R Fletcher | 52 | British | President, Diageo International(2) | ||||
Gilbert Ghostine | 49 | Lebanese | President, Diageo Asia Pacific(2) | ||||
David Gosnell | 52 | British | Managing director, global supply and global procurement(2) | ||||
James N D Grover | 51 | British | Global business support director(2) | ||||
Deirdre A Mahlan | 47 | American | Deputy chief financial officer(2) | ||||
Ivan M Menezes | 50 | American | President, Diageo North America; chairman, Diageo Asia Pacific(2) | ||||
Randolph J Millian | 56 | American | Managing director, Diageo Latin America and Caribbean(2) | ||||
Andrew Morgan | 53 | British | President, Diageo Europe(2) | ||||
Timothy D Proctor | 59 | American/British | General counsel(2) | ||||
Larry Schwartz | 56 | American | President, Diageo USA(2) | ||||
Gareth Williams | 56 | British | Human resources director(2) | ||||
Ian Wright | 51 | British | Corporate relations director(2) | ||||
Officer |
|||||||
Paul D Tunnacliffe | 47 | British | Company secretary |
Key to committees:
(1) |
Audit |
|
(2) |
Executive (comprising senior management) |
|
(3) |
Nomination |
|
(4) |
Remuneration |
|
* |
Chairman of committee |
|
Joined the executive committee during the year ended 30 June 2009 |
78
Directors and senior management (continued)
Dr Franz Humer was appointed chairman of Diageo plc in July 2008, having been a non-executive director since April 2005. He is also chairman of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd in Switzerland and a non-executive director of Allianz Versicherungs AG in Germany. He was formerly chief operating director of Glaxo Holdings plc and has held a number of other non-executive directorships. During the year, he resigned as a director of Chugai in Japan.
Paul Walsh was appointed chief executive of Diageo plc in September 2000, having been chief operating officer since January 2000. He has served in a number of management roles since joining GrandMet's brewing division in 1982, including chief executive officer of The Pillsbury Company. He was appointed to the GrandMet board in October 1995 and to the Diageo plc board in December 1997. He was appointed a non-executive director of Unilever PLC in May 2009 and is also a member of the Council of the University of Reading, a member of the Business Council for Britain, chairman of the Scotch Whisky Association and a non-executive director of FedEx Corporation in the United States. During the year, he resigned as a non-executive director of Centrica plc.
Nicholas (Nick) Rose was appointed chief financial officer of Diageo plc in July 1999. He has served in a number of finance roles since joining GrandMet in June 1992, including group treasurer and group controller and was appointed to the Diageo plc board in June 1999. He is also a member of the main committee of the 100 Group of Finance Directors and was formerly a non-executive director of Scottish Power plc.
Lord (Clive) Hollick of Notting Hill was appointed a non-executive director of Diageo plc in December 2001 and senior non-executive director and chairman of the remuneration committee in September 2004. He is a senior adviser to Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and is also a member of the supervisory board of ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG, a non-executive director of Honeywell International Inc in the United States and a founding trustee of the Institute of Public Policy Research. He was formerly chief executive of United Business Media plc and has held a number of other non-executive directorships. During the year, he resigned as a member of the supervisory board of The Nielsen Company.
Peggy Bruzelius was appointed a non-executive director of Diageo plc in April 2009. She is chairman of Lancelot Asset Management and vice chairman of AB Electrolux, both in Sweden, and sits on the boards of Akzo Nobel NV in the Netherlands, Syngenta AG in Switzerland, Husqvarna AB in Sweden and the Stockholm School of Economics, as well as chairing the Swedish Board of Higher Education. She was formerly managing director of ABB Financial Services AB and headed the asset management arm of Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB.
Laurence Danon was appointed a non-executive director of Diageo plc in January 2006. She is a member of the executive board of Edmond de Rothschild Corporate Finance in France and is also a non-executive director of Plastic Omnium and Rhodia SA, both in France, and a non-executive director of Experian Group Limited, from which office she will resign at the end of December 2009. She was appointed a non-executive director of BPCE, France's second largest banking group, in July 2009. Formerly she served with the French Ministry of Industry and Energy, held a number of senior management posts with Total Fina Elf and was chairman and chief executive officer of France Printemps. During the year, she resigned as a non-executive director of Lafuma SA.
Betsy D Holden was appointed a non-executive director of Diageo plc with effect from 1 September 2009. She is a senior advisor to McKinsey & Company and also sits on the boards of Tribune Company, Western Union Company, MediaBank LLC, the Kellogg School of Management Dean's Advisory Board, and Duke University's Trinity College Board of Visitors. She was formerly co-chief operating
79
Directors and senior management (continued)
officer of Kraft Foods and chief operating officer of Kraft Foods North America, and has over 25 years of experience in consumer goods with expertise in general management, strategy, marketing and innovation.
Maria Lilja was appointed a non-executive director of Diageo plc in November 1999. She was formerly head of American Express Europe (having played a leading role in building Nyman & Schultz, a long-established Scandinavian travel management company, which was acquired by American Express) and has held a number of other non-executive directorships.
Philip Scott was appointed a non-executive director of Diageo plc and chairman of the audit committee with effect from 17 October 2007. He is chief financial officer of Aviva plc, to which position he was appointed in July 2007 and from which office he will retire at the end of December 2009. He began his career with Norwich Union as a trainee actuary in 1973 and subsequently held a number of senior roles with that company and its successor Aviva, including that of group executive director.
H Todd Stitzer was appointed a non-executive director of Diageo plc in June 2004. He is chief executive of Cadbury plc (to which office he was appointed in 2003) and formerly held a number of marketing, sales, strategy and general management posts subsequent to joining the company in 1983 as an assistant general counsel. He has been a member of the board of trustees for Business in the Community since 2008.
Paul Walker was appointed a non-executive director of Diageo plc in June 2002. He is chief executive of The Sage Group plc (to which office he was appointed in 1994, having previously been finance director) and was formerly a non-executive director of MyTravel Group plc.
Paul Tunnacliffe was appointed company secretary of Diageo plc in January 2008. He was formerly company secretary of Hanson PLC (to which office he was appointed in 1997) where he previously served as assistant company secretary, having joined the company in 1983.
William (Bill) Shanahan retired as a non-executive director of Diageo plc in April 2009.
80
Ronald (Ron) Anderson was appointed chief customer officer of Diageo plc in July 2008, having previously held various senior sales and general management roles in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. He joined the company in 1985, prior to which he worked for Tesco and Gillette.
Nicholas (Nick) Blazquez was appointed managing director, Diageo Africa in August 2004, prior to which he was managing director, Diageo Asia Key Markets. He held various managerial positions in United Distillers between 1989 and 1998.
Andrew (Andy) Fennell was appointed chief marketing officer of Diageo plc in September 2008, and has held a number of marketing roles in the United Kingdom and internationally with Guinness and Diageo, prior to which he worked in various sales and marketing roles with Britvic and Bass plc.
Stuart Fletcher was appointed president, Diageo International in October 2004, having been president, Key Markets since September 2000. He held a number of senior management positions with Guinness, after joining the company in 1986, including managing director of Developing and Seed Markets, and previously held various financial positions with Procter & Gamble and United Glass.
Gilbert Ghostine was appointed president, Diageo Asia Pacific on 1 July 2009, having previously been managing director, Diageo Continental Europe since July 2006. He was formerly managing director, Northern Europe and president, US Major Markets and held various senior managerial roles in Africa, Asia, Europe and the United States, having joined International Distillers & Vintners in 1995.
David Gosnell was appointed managing director, global supply and global procurement, Diageo plc in January 2003. He joined Diageo in 1998 as European supply director, then headed up Guinness & European RTD supply, prior to which he spent 20 years in various roles with Heinz. He is a non-executive director of Brambles plc.
James (Jim) Grover was appointed global business support director of Diageo plc in February 2004, having been strategy director since December 1997. Formerly he held a number of senior strategy positions in GrandMet and worked as a management consultant with Booz-Allen & Hamilton Inc and OC&C Strategy Consultants.
Deirdre Mahlan was appointed deputy chief financial officer of Diageo plc in May 2009, prior to which she was head of tax and treasury, Diageo plc and chief financial officer, Diageo North America. She joined the group in 2001, having held various senior finance positions in Joseph E Seagram & Sons Inc since 1992, and having formerly been a senior manager with Price Waterhouse.
Ivan Menezes was appointed president, Diageo North America in January 2004, having been chief operating officer, Diageo North America since July 2002. In October 2008, he was also appointed chairman, Diageo Asia Pacific. Formerly he held various senior management positions with Guinness and then Diageo and worked across a variety of sales, marketing and strategy roles with Nestlé in Asia, Booz-Allen & Hamilton Inc in North America and Whirlpool in Europe. He is also a non-executive director of Coach Inc in the United States.
Randolph (Randy) Millian was appointed managing director, Diageo Latin America and Caribbean in 2005, having joined United Distillers & Vintners Brazil in 1995 as its managing director. Prior to joining Diageo, he held senior management positions with American Express, Schering-Plough, Personal Care Group USA and Pepsi in a number of territories, including Latin America, Europe and Asia.
Andrew Morgan was appointed president, Diageo Europe in October 2004, having been president, Venture Markets since July 2002. He joined United Distillers in 1987 and held various senior
81
Executive committee (continued)
management positions with Guinness and then Diageo, including group chief information officer and president, New Business Ventures for Guinness United Distillers & Vintners and director, global strategy and innovation for United Distillers & Vintners.
Timothy (Tim) Proctor was appointed general counsel of Diageo plc in January 2000. Formerly he was director, worldwide human resources of Glaxo Wellcome and senior vice president, human resources, general counsel and secretary for Glaxo's US operating company. He has over 25 years' international legal experience, including 13 years with Merck and six years with Glaxo Wellcome. He resigned as a non-executive director of Wachovia Corporation in the United States during the year.
Larry Schwartz was appointed president, Diageo USA in September 2008, prior to which he was president, Diageo North America key market hub, and president of Diageo's US spirits business. He joined the company in 2001 as president of Joseph E Seagram & Sons, having held a variety of senior management positions with Seagram.
Gareth Williams was appointed human resources director of Diageo plc in January 1999. Formerly he held a number of senior personnel management positions with GrandMet and then United Distillers & Vintners and spent 10 years with Ford of Britain in a number of personnel and employee relations positions.
Ian Wright was appointed corporate relations director of Diageo plc in July 2004, having held a number of public relations positions with public relations consultancies and The Boots Company.
Robert (Rob) Malcolm retired as president, global marketing, sales and innovation in December 2008.
John Pollaers resigned as president, Diageo Asia Pacific with effect from 30 June 2009.
82
Directors' remuneration report
Dear Shareholder
I am pleased to present the remuneration report for the 2009 financial year.
The unprecedented global economic downturn has created an unusually challenging economic environment over the past year. The business has nevertheless delivered a resilient set of results while taking significant measures to protect sustainability and to promote long term growth.
The most important objective of our remuneration policy is to reward Diageo's people, at all levels and in all countries, fairly and competitively, in line with performance, to enable your company to attract and retain the very best talent available. The strength and stability of the executive team at Diageo and the company's impressive operating performance over the last decade testify to the robustness of the remuneration policies in place.
The remuneration committee has been mindful of the uncertain environment both in assessing performance outcomes for this year and in seeking to ensure that remuneration policies remain appropriate. This process, supported by Deloitte LLP as the remuneration committee's appointed independent adviser, has led the remuneration committee to conclude that the remuneration levels and the mix between fixed and variable compensation continue to be appropriate for the context in which the company is operating and, following the implementation of two new long term incentive plans in 2008, no changes to the overall remuneration mix are proposed this year.
The tougher environment is reflected in the reward outcomes for the year ended 30 June 2009; total direct compensation delivered to the executive directors is significantly lower compared to 2008 (bonus payments are substantially lower than last year and performance share awards due to vest in September 2009 lapsed in full) demonstrating a clear alignment between company performance, shareholder interests and the executive remuneration arrangements that are in place. In addition, the remuneration committee has made some adjustments to remuneration arrangements for the forthcoming year that reflect the changed environment in which the company is currently operating. These include:
The remuneration committee will closely monitor developments in the external environment over the months ahead with a view to maintaining remuneration programmes that continue to be competitive and stretching. During the last year the remuneration committee has consulted with major shareholders on a number of aspects of remuneration policy and is committed to an ongoing dialogue with shareholders. In this regard, I am pleased to note that the new long term incentive plans for executive directors, which were put to shareholders at last year's AGM, received strong support.
The substantial increase in the transfer value of executive pensions reflects changes in the calculation methodology adopted by the pension trustees during the year as well as the impact of changing market conditions, interest rates and increases to pensionable pay, age and service. The
83
Directors' remuneration report (continued)
remuneration committee has made no changes to pension policy nor made any enhancement to the executive directors' pension benefits during the year.
The following report provides further explanation of the current remuneration arrangements for executive directors and the reward outcomes for the 2009 performance year.
Finally, we will be submitting several resolutions relating to share plans for shareholder approval at the company's October 2009 AGM. Details are included in the Notice of Meeting.
We look forward to receiving your support at the AGM in October.
Lord Hollick of Notting Hill
Senior non-executive director and chairman of the remuneration committee
Remuneration Summary for the year ended 30 June 2009
Base salary
Base salaries for the executive directors were increased in October 2008 as part of the normal annual review. With effect from 1 October 2008, the annual salaries payable to the chief executive and the chief financial officer were £1,155,000 and £673,000, respectively. In light of current economic conditions, no annual review for executive directors and senior management will occur in October 2009 and salaries will therefore remain at 2008 levels.
Summary of salary reviews for executive directors
|
Oct 2009 % increase |
Oct 2008 % increase |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NC Rose |
0 | % | 6 | % | |||
PS Walsh |
0 | % | 5 | % |
Short term incentive plans The committee set stretching performance targets based on a mix of profit, net sales and free cash flow measures for the performance year ended 30 June 2009. The business delivered a resilient set of results in the context of the current economic climate, and the challenges presented by this changing environment are reflected in the level of bonus payout achieved. In the year ended 30 June 2009, profit and sales were below target, but the free cash flow targets were exceeded, therefore the executive directors received payments under the annual incentive plan that were equivalent to 44% of their 2008 base salary. No discretionary adjustments were made for individual performance or the exceptional circumstances in which the business was operating.
Long term incentive plans In 2008, the remuneration committee implemented two new long term incentive plans following shareholder approval obtained at the October 2008 AGM. The first awards under the new share option and performance share plans were made in October 2008. The executive directors received option grants and were awarded shares in the range of 300% to 375% of their salaries. The vesting of these awards is subject to the achievement of stretching relative and absolute performance conditions over a three-year period.
The performance shares awarded in 2005 vested at 35% of the initial award in September 2008 based on a relative total shareholder return (TSR) ranking of ninth position (median) in the peer group of 17 companies at the end of the performance cycle (the peer group was reduced to
84
Directors' remuneration report (continued)
16 companies for subsequent performance cycles following a peer group company acquisition during the year).
Share options granted in 2005 vested in full in September 2008 upon exceeding the required performance condition of adjusted EPS growth of RPI plus 15 percentage points.
Shareholding requirements The executive directors are required to hold a minimum shareholding in order to participate fully in the long term incentive plans. The status of that requirement as at 30 June 2009 for NC Rose and PS Walsh is shown below:
|
NC Rose | PS Walsh | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value of shareholdings (£000) |
4,044 | 6,414 | |||||
Minimum shareholding as % of salary |
250 | % | 300 | % | |||
Actual shareholding as % of salary |
610 | % | 562 | % |
This information is based on the share interests disclosed in the table 'Share and other interests' in this report, base salary earned in the year ended 30 June 2009, and an average share price for the same period of 891 pence.
Pensions The executive directors participate in a final salary pension scheme. Accrued annual pension as at 30 June 2009 is £369,000 per annum for NC Rose and £637,000 per annum for PS Walsh. The executive directors contribute 6% of their pensionable pay to t